Books: 'ARLD model'

1

Groundwater modelling in arid and semi-arid areas. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010.

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2

Howard, Wheater, Sorooshian Soroosh, and Sharma K. D. 1950-, eds. Hydrological modelling in arid and semi-arid areas. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008.

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Howard, Wheater, Sorooshian Soroosh, and Sharma K. D. 1950-, eds. Hydrological modelling in arid and semi-arid areas. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008.

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4

Salugin, A. N. Matematicheskie modeli dinamiki i prognoza ėvoli︠u︡t︠s︡ii aridnykh ėkosistem. Volgograd: VNIALMI, 2006.

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5

Hromadka, Theodore V. Hydrologic modeling for the arid southwest United States. Mission Viejo, CA: Lighthouse Publications, 1996.

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6

Khazai, Esmail. A conceptual model representing arid regions catchment with emphasis on groundwater recharge. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1997.

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7

1949-, Gísli Pálsson, and Workshop on Symbols and Resource Management in African Arid Lands (1989 : Helsinki, Finland), eds. From water to world-making: African models and arid lands. Uppsala: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1990.

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8

Miller, Mark Eugene. The structure and functioning of dryland ecosystems--conceptual models to inform long-term ecological monitoring. Reston, Va: U.S. Geological Survey, 2005.

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9

Agoramoorthy, Govindasamy. Sadguru model of rural development mitigates climate change in India's drylands. New Delhi: Daya Publishing House, a division of Astral International Pvt. Ltd., 2015.

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10

S, Kingwell R., and Pannell D. J, eds. MIDAS, a bioeconomic model of a dryland farm system. Wageningen, Netherlands: Pudoc, 1987.

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11

Schlieps, Birgit. Birgit Schlieps: Raw models ; Aktau, St. Petersburg, Hoyerswerda, Tapiola, Sofia = Rohmodelle. Edited by Seyfarth Ludwig and Koerner von Gustorf Oliver. Frankfurt am Main: Revolver, 2005.

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12

Gan han qu nei lu he liu yu shui wen mo xing: Hydrological model of inland river basin in arid land = Ganhanqu neiluhe liuyu shuiwen moxing. Beijing: Zhongguo huan jing ke xue chu ban she, 2012.

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13

Bruniard, Enrique. Geografía de los climas y de las formaciones vegetales: (aportes para un modelo fitoclimático mundial) : las zonas térmicas y la vegetación natural. [Argentina]: Editorial Universitaria de la Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, 1996.

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14

JDN 12 (2004 (Praz/Arly, France). Neutrons et bioligie: JDN 12 : Praz/Arly, France, 22-26 mai 2004. Les Ulis, France: EDP sciences, 2005.

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15

Olsson, Lennart. An integrated study of desertification: Applications of remote sensing, GIS and spatial models in semi-arid Sudan. Lund, Sweden: University of Lund, Sweden, Dept. of Geography, 1985.

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16

institutionen, Lunds universitet Naturgeografiska, ed. An integrated study of desertification: Applications of remote sensing, GIS and spatial models in semi-arid Sudan. Malmö, [Sweden]: University of Lund, Dept. of Geography, C.W.K. Gleerup, 1985.

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17

International Symposium on Climatic Risk in Crop Production (1990 Brisbane, Qld.). Climatic risk in crop production: Models and management for the semiarid tropics and subtropics : proceedings of the International Symposium on Climatic Risk in Crop Production held in Brisbane, Australia, 2-6 July, 1990. Wallingford, UK: CAB International, 1991.

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18

Tomlinson, Stewart A. Instrumentation, methods, and preliminary evaluation of evapotranspiration for a grassland in the Arid Lands Ecology Reserve, Benton County, Washington, May-October 1990. Tacoma, Wash: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1994.

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19

R, Gardner Wilford, Schulz R. K, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research. Division of Regulatory Applications., and University of California, Berkeley. Dept. of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management., eds. Spherical diffusion of tritium from a point of release in a uniform unsaturated soil: A deterministic model for tritium migration in an arid disposal site. Washington, DC: Division of Regulatory Applications, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1993.

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20

R, Gardner Wilford, Schulz R. K, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research. Division of Regulatory Applications., and University of California, Berkeley. Dept. of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management., eds. Spherical diffusion of tritium from a point of release in a uniform unsaturated soil: A deterministic model for tritium migration in an arid disposal site. Washington, DC: Division of Regulatory Applications, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1993.

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21

R, Gardner Wilford, Schulz R. K, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research. Division of Regulatory Applications., and University of California, Berkeley. Dept. of Soil Science., eds. Three dimensional redistributions of tritium from a point of release into a uniform unsaturated soil: A deterministic model for tritium migration in an arid disposal site. Washington, DC: Division of Regulatory Applications, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1993.

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22

Ren lei huo dong dui han qu liu yu shui wen qing shi ying xiang yan jiu: Yi Xinjiang Hetian He liu yu wei li. Beijing Shi: Zhongguo shui li shui dian chu ban she, 2010.

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23

1953-, Muchow Russell C., and Bellamy J. A, eds. Climatic risk in crop production: Models and management for the semiarid tropics and subtropics : proceedings of the International Symposium on Climatic Risk in Crop Production: Models and Management for the Semiarid Tropics and Subtropics held in Brisbane, Australia, 2-6 July, 1990. Wallingford, UK: CAB International, 1991.

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24

D, Sharma K., Howard Wheater, and Soroosh Sorooshian. Hydrological Modelling in Arid and Semi-Arid Areas. Cambridge University Press, 2009.

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25

Sharma, K. D., Howard Wheater, and Soroosh Sorooshian. Hydrological Modelling in Arid and Semi-Arid Areas. Cambridge University Press, 2018.

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26

D, Sharma K., Howard Wheater, and Soroosh Sorooshian. Hydrological Modelling in Arid and Semi-Arid Areas. Cambridge University Press, 2007.

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27

D, Sharma K., Howard Wheater, and Soroosh Sorooshian. Hydrological Modelling in Arid and Semi-Arid Areas. Cambridge University Press, 2008.

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28

D, Sharma K., Howard Wheater, and Soroosh Sorooshian. Hydrological Modelling in Arid and Semi-arid Areas. Cambridge University Press, 2008.

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29

D, Sharma K., Howard Wheater, and Soroosh Sorooshian. Hydrological Modelling in Arid and Semi-Arid Areas. Cambridge University Press, 2007.

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30

(Editor), Howard Wheater, Soroosh Sorooshian (Editor), and K. D. Sharma (Editor), eds. Hydrological Modelling in Arid and Semi-Arid Areas (International Hydrology Series). Cambridge University Press, 2007.

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31

MIDAS, a bioeconomic model of a dryland farm system. Wageningen, Netherlands: Pudoc, 1987.

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32

Jones, T. L. Simulating the water balance of an arid site. 1989.

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33

EMERGE - users guide: A model to predict crop emergence in the semi-arid tropics. University of Aberdeen, 1996.

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34

Lamei, Aya. Technical-Economic Model for Integrated Water Resources Management in Tourism Dependent Arid Coastal Regions: UNESCO-IHE PhD Thesis. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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35

Kingwell, R. S. Midas, a Bioeconomic Model of a Dryland Farm System/Pdc321 (Simulation Monographs). Center Agricultural Pub & Document, 1987.

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36

Gao, Yanhong, and Deliang Chen. Modeling of Regional Climate over the Tibetan Plateau. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.591.

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The modeling of climate over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) started with the introduction of Global Climate Models (GCMs) in the 1950s. Since then, GCMs have been developed to simulate atmospheric dynamics and eventually the climate system. As the highest and widest international plateau, the strong orographic forcing caused by the TP and its impact on general circulation rather than regional climate was initially the focus. Later, with growing awareness of the incapability of GCMs to depict regional or local-scale atmospheric processes over the heterogeneous ground, coupled with the importance of this information for local decision-making, regional climate models (RCMs) were established in the 1970s. Dynamic and thermodynamic influences of the TP on the East and South Asia summer monsoon have since been widely investigated by model. Besides the heterogeneity in topography, impacts of land cover heterogeneity and change on regional climate were widely modeled through sensitivity experiments.In recent decades, the TP has experienced a greater warming than the global average and those for similar latitudes. GCMs project a global pattern where the wet gets wetter and the dry gets drier. The climate regime over the TP covers the extreme arid regions from the northwest to the semi-humid region in the southeast. The increased warming over the TP compared to the global average raises a number of questions. What are the regional dryness/wetness changes over the TP? What is the mechanism of the responses of regional changes to global warming? To answer these questions, several dynamical downscaling models (DDMs) using RCMs focusing on the TP have recently been conducted and high-resolution data sets generated. All DDM studies demonstrated that this process-based approach, despite its limitations, can improve understandings of the processes that lead to precipitation on the TP. Observation and global land data assimilation systems both present more wetting in the northwestern arid/semi-arid regions than the southeastern humid/semi-humid regions. The DDM was found to better capture the observed elevation dependent warming over the TP. In addition, the long-term high-resolution climate simulation was found to better capture the spatial pattern of precipitation and P-E (precipitation minus evapotranspiration) changes than the best available global reanalysis. This facilitates new and substantial findings regarding the role of dynamical, thermodynamics, and transient eddies in P-E changes reflected in observed changes in major river basins fed by runoff from the TP. The DDM was found to add value regarding snowfall retrieval, precipitation frequency, and orographic precipitation.Although these advantages in the DDM over the TP are evidenced, there are unavoidable facts to be aware of. Firstly, there are still many discrepancies that exist in the up-to-date models. Any uncertainty in the model’s physics or in the land information from remote sensing and the forcing could result in uncertainties in simulation results. Secondly, the question remains of what is the appropriate resolution for resolving the TP’s heterogeneity. Thirdly, it is a challenge to include human activities in the climate models, although this is deemed necessary for future earth science. All-embracing further efforts are expected to improve regional climate models over the TP.

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37

Adapting the global food and water models for analysis of SAT futures and development opportunities: Technical notes & exercises 24-31 january 2003, proceedings of the training workshop, ICRISAT center, Patancheru, India. Patancheru: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, 2004.

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38

Gorantiwar, Sunil Digambar. A model for planning and operation of heterogeneous irrigation schemes in semi-arid regions under rotational water supply. 1995.

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39

Lamei, Aya. Technical-Economic Model for Integrated Water Resources Management in Tourism Dependent Arid Coastal Regions; the Case of Sharm el Sheikh, Egypt. Taylor & Francis Group, 2009.

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40

V, Raju K., and Institute for Social and Economic Change., eds. Greenhouse gases emission and potential carbon sequestration: A case study of semi-arid area in South India. Bangalore: Institute for Social and Economic Change, 2009.

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41

Churchill, Robert Paul. The Cultural Evolution of Honor Killing. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190468569.003.0006.

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The focus in this chapter is on why honor killing ever came into existence as a social practice. The units for analysis are sociocultural systems and ecological pressures on the demographic groups among whom honor killing evolved. Here a population-level model of cultural evolution is employed to advance an argument for the best explanation for the development of honor killing. Only cultural systems performing adaptive functions continued among early desert nomads and pastoralist of the arid mountain uplands. Historical and anthropological research supports claims that severe ecological challenges led to two major functional systems: consanguine hierarchical patriarchy and the segmentary lineage system. Honor killing likewise evolved, first as a costly signaling system to avert loss of female reproductive assets and to avoid group splintering. It later evolved further as an exaptation and as a means of avoiding blood-related conflicts within segmentary lineage systems.

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42

Holmes, Jonathan, and Philipp Hoelzmann. The Late Pleistocene-Holocene African Humid Period as Evident in Lakes. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.531.

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From the end of the last glacial stage until the mid-Holocene, large areas of arid and semi-arid North Africa were much wetter than present, during the interval that is known as the African Humid Period (AHP). During this time, large areas were characterized by a marked increase in precipitation, an expansion of lakes, river systems, and wetlands, and the spread of grassland, shrub land, and woodland vegetation into areas that are currently much drier. Simulations with climate models indicate that the AHP was the result of orbitally forced increase in northern hemisphere summer insolation, which caused the intensification and northward expansion of the boreal summer monsoon. However, feedbacks from ocean circulation, land-surface cover, and greenhouse gases were probably also important.Lake basins and their sediment archives have provided important information about climate during the AHP, including the overall increases in precipitation and in rates, trajectories, and spatial variations in change at the beginning and the end of the interval. The general pattern is one of apparently synchronous onset of the AHP at the start of the Bølling-Allerød interstadial around 14,700 years ago, although wet conditions were interrupted by aridity during the Younger Dryas stadial. Wetter conditions returned at the start of the Holocene around 11,700 years ago covering much of North Africa and extended into parts of the southern hemisphere, including southeastern Equatorial Africa. During this time, the expansion of lakes and of grassland or shrub land vegetation over the area that is now the Sahara desert, was especially marked. Increasing aridity through the mid-Holocene, associated with a reduction in northern hemisphere summer insolation, brought about the end of the AHP by around 5000–4000 years before present. The degree to which this end was abrupt or gradual and geographically synchronous or time transgressive, remains open to debate. Taken as a whole, the lake sediment records do not support rapid and synchronous declines in precipitation and vegetation across the whole of North Africa, as some model experiments and other palaeoclimate archives have suggested. Lake sediments from basins that desiccated during the mid-Holocene may have been deflated, thus providing a misleading picture of rapid change. Moreover, different proxies of climate or environment may respond in contrasting ways to the same changes in climate. Despite this, there is evidence of rapid (within a few hundred years) termination to the AHP in some regions, with clear signs of a time-transgressive response both north to south and east to west, pointing to complex controls over the mid-Holocene drying of North Africa.

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43

Tittler, Robert. Art and Architecture in Provincial England. Edited by Malcolm Smuts. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199660841.013.37.

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This chapter considers the contrasting visual and architectural elements which Shakespeare will have experienced both in his native Stratford and in his frequent travels elsewhere throughout the realm. Two important corrections must be made to the canonical and time-honoured assumption that Shakeapeare’s London was the centre for artistic and architectural production, the hub from which ideas about visual culture entered England and then radiated outwards to the rest of the realm. First, our notions of English ‘art’ and ‘architecture’ must be adjusted in this era to accommodate the role of vernacular painting and building carried out throughout the realm by native-English craftsmen working in traditional modes of design and production. And second, we must acknowledge that, far from being the arid cultural wastelands, provincial towns and cities throughout the realm served as active centres of both painting and building.

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44

Qld.) International Symposium on Climatic Risk in Crop Production: Models and Management for the Semiarid Tropics and Subtropics (1990 : Brisbane, Russell C. Muchow, and James A. Bellamy. Climatic Risk in Crop Production: Models and Management for the Semiarid Tropics and Subtropics. C a B Intl, 1990.

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45

Claussen, Martin, Anne Dallmeyer, and Jürgen Bader. Theory and Modeling of the African Humid Period and the Green Sahara. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.532.

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There is ample evidence from palaeobotanic and palaeoclimatic reconstructions that during early and mid-Holocene between some 11,700 years (in some regions, a few thousand years earlier) and some 4200 years ago, subtropical North Africa was much more humid and greener than today. This African Humid Period (AHP) was triggered by changes in the orbital forcing, with the climatic precession as the dominant pacemaker. Climate system modeling in the 1990s revealed that orbital forcing alone cannot explain the large changes in the North African summer monsoon and subsequent ecosystem changes in the Sahara. Feedbacks between atmosphere, land surface, and ocean were shown to strongly amplify monsoon and vegetation changes. Forcing and feedbacks have caused changes far larger in amplitude and extent than experienced today in the Sahara and Sahel. Most, if not all, climate system models, however, tend to underestimate the amplitude of past African monsoon changes and the extent of the land-surface changes in the Sahara. Hence, it seems plausible that some feedback processes are not properly described, or are even missing, in the climate system models.Perhaps even more challenging than explaining the existence of the AHP and the Green Sahara is the interpretation of data that reveal an abrupt termination of the last AHP. Based on climate system modeling and theoretical considerations in the late 1990s, it was proposed that the AHP could have ended, and the Sahara could have expanded, within just a few centuries—that is, much faster than orbital forcing. In 2000, paleo records of terrestrial dust deposition off Mauritania seemingly corroborated the prediction of an abrupt termination. However, with the uncovering of more paleo data, considerable controversy has arisen over the geological evidence of abrupt climate and ecosystem changes. Some records clearly show abrupt changes in some climate and terrestrial parameters, while others do not. Also, climate system modeling provides an ambiguous picture.The prediction of abrupt climate and ecosystem changes at the end of the AHP is hampered by limitations implicit in the climate system. Because of the ubiquitous climate variability, it is extremely unlikely that individual paleo records and model simulations completely match. They could do so in a statistical sense, that is, if the statistics of a large ensemble of paleo data and of model simulations converge. Likewise, the interpretation regarding the strength of terrestrial feedback from individual records is elusive. Plant diversity, rarely captured in climate system models, can obliterate any abrupt shift between green and desert state. Hence, the strength of climate—vegetation feedback is probably not a universal property of a certain region but depends on the vegetation composition, which can change with time. Because of spatial heterogeneity of the African landscape and the African monsoon circulation, abrupt changes can occur in several, but not all, regions at different times during the transition from the humid mid-Holocene climate to the present-day more arid climate. Abrupt changes in one region can be induced by abrupt changes in other regions, a process sometimes referred to as “induced tipping.” The African monsoon system seems to be prone to fast and potentially abrupt changes, which to understand and to predict remains one of the grand challenges in African climate science.

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46

Grene, Nicholas. Farming in Modern Irish Literature. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198861294.001.0001.

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This innovative study analyzes the range of representation of farming in Irish literature in the period since independence/partition in 1922, as Ireland moved from a largely agricultural to a developed urban society. In many different forms, poetry, drama, fiction, and autobiography, writers have made literary capital by looking back at their rural backgrounds, even where those may be a generation back. The first five chapters examine some of the key themes: the impact of inheritance on family, in the patriarchal system where there could only be one male heir; the struggles for survival in the poorest regions of the West of Ireland; the uses of childhood farming memories whether idyllic or traumatic; the representation of communities, challenging the homogeneous idealizing images of the Literary Revival; the impact of modernization on successive generations into the twenty-first century. The final three chapters are devoted to three major writers in whose work farming is central: Patrick Kavanagh, the small farmer who had to find an individual voice to express his own unique experience; John McGahern in whose fiction the life of the farm is always posited as alternative to an arid and rootless urban milieu; Seamus Heaney who re-imagined his farming childhood in so many different modes throughout his career.

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Books on the topic 'ARLD model'

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