Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Arithmetic geometry'

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1

Aghasi, Mansour. "Geometry of arithmetic surfaces." Thesis, Durham University, 1996. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5270/.

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In this thesis my emphasis is on the resolution of the singularities of fibre products of Arithmetic Surfaces. In chapter one as an introduction to my thesis some elementary concepts related to regular and singular points are reviewed and the concept of tangent cone is defined for schemes over a discrete valuation ring. The concept of arithmetic surfaces is introduced briefly in the end of this chapter. In chapter 2 my new procedures namely the procedure of Mojgan(_1) and the procedure of Mahtab(_2) and a new operator called Moje are introduced. Also the concept of tangent space is defined for schemes over a discrete valuation ring. In chapter 3 the singularities of schemes which are the fibre products of some surfaces with ordinary double points are resolved. It is done in two different methods. The results from both methods are consistent. In chapter 4, I have tried to resolve the singularities of a special class of arithmetic three-folds, namely those which are the fibre product of two arithmetic surfaces, which were very helpful to achieve my final results about the resolution of singularities of fibre products of the minimal regular models of Tate. Chapter 5 includes my final results which are about the resolution of singularities of the fibre product of two minimal regular models of Tate.
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2

Selander, Björn. "Arithmetic of three-point covers." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Matematiska institutionen, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7497.

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Any cover of the Riemann sphere with rational branch points is known to be defined over the algebraic numbers. Hence the Galois group of the rationals acts on the category of such branched covers. Particulars about this action are still scarce, even in the simplest non-abelian case, the case with just three branch points. The first paper in this thesis describes a new algorithm, which uses modular form techniques in order to compute the equations for a cover of the Riemann sphere which is hyperelliptic as a curve. Given such equations one may easily determine the Galois orbit to which the cover belongs. We compute and discuss all covers of degree 6 and genus 2, and complete the case of covers of degree 7 and genus 1 as well. The second paper gives a proof of a formula for the number of three-point G-covers with a fixed special G-deformation datum (here G is a finite group which is strictly divisible by a prime number p). Since such a datum is an invariant for the action of the inertia group at p, this gives partial information about the action of this inertia group.
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3

Morrow, Matthew Thomas. "Investigations in two-dimensional arithmetic geometry." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2009. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11016/.

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This thesis explores a variety of topics in two-dimensional arithmetic geometry, including the further development of I. Fesenko's adelic analysis and its relations with ramification theory, model-theoretic integration on valued fields, and Grothendieck duality on arithmetic surfaces. I. Fesenko's theories of integration and harmonic analysis for higher dimensional local fields are extended to an arbitrary valuation field F whose residue field is a local field; applications to local zeta integrals are considered. The integral is extended to F^n, where a linear change of variables formula is proved, yielding a translation-invariant integral on GL_n(F). Non-linear changes of variables and Fubini's theorem are then examined. An interesting example is presented in which imperfectness of a positive characteristic local field causes Fubini's theorem to unexpectedly fail. It is explained how the motivic integration theory of E. Hrushovski and D. Kazhdan can be modified to provide a model-theoretic approach to integration on two-dimensional local fields. The possible unification of this work with A. Abbes and T. Saito's ramification theory is explored. Relationships between Fubini's theorem, ramification theory, and Riemann-Hurwitz formulae are established in the setting of curves and surfaces over an algebraically closed field. A theory of residues for arithmetic surfaces is developed, and the reciprocity law around a point is established. The residue maps are used to explicitly construct the dualising sheaf of the surface.
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4

Martinez, Metzmeier César. "Two problems in arithmetic geometry. Explicit Manin-Mumford, and arithmetic Bernstein-Kusnirenko." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMC224/document.

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Dans la première partie de cette thèse, on présente des bornes supérieures fines pour le nombre de sous-variétés irréductibles de torsion maximales dans une sous-variété du tore complexe algébrique $(\mathbb{C}^{\times})^n$ et d'une variété abélienne. Dans les deux cas, on donne une borne explicite en termes du degré des polynômes définissants et la variété ambiante. De plus, la dépendance en le degré des polynômes est optimale. Dans le cas du tore complexe, on donne aussi une borne explicite en termes du degré torique de la sous-variété. En conséquence de ce dernier résultat, on démontre les conjectures de Ruppert, et Aliev et Smyth pour le nombre de points de torsion isolés dans une hypersurface. Ces conjectures bornent ce nombre en terme, respectivement, du multi-degré et du volume du polytope de Newton d'un polynôme définissant l'hypersurface.Dans la deuxième partie de cette thèse, on présente une borne supérieure pour la hauteur des zéros isolés, dans le tore, d'un système de polynômes de Laurent sur un corps adélique qui satisfait la formule du produit. Cette borne s'exprime en termes des intégrales mixtes des fonctions toit locales associées à la hauteur choisie et le système des polynômes de Laurent. On montre aussi que cette borne est presque optimale dans quelques familles d'exemples. Ce résultat est un analogue arithmétique du théorème de Bern\v{s}tein-Ku\v{s}nirenko
In the first part of this thesis we present sharp bounds on the number of maximal torsion cosets in a subvariety of a complex algebraic torus $(\mathbb{C}^{\times})^n$ and of an Abelian variety. In both cases, we give an explicit bound in terms of the degree of the defining polynomials and the ambient variety. Moreover, the dependence on the degree of the polynomials is sharp. In the case of the complex torus, we also give an effective bound in terms of the toric degree of the subvariety. As a consequence of the latter result, we prove the conjectures of Ruppert, and Aliev and Smyth on the number of isolated torsion points of a hypersurface. These conjectures bound this number in terms of the multidegree and the volume of the Newton polytope of a polynomial defining the hypersurface, respectively.In the second part of the thesis, we present an upper bound for the height of isolated zeros, in the torus, of a system of Laurent polynomials over an adelic field satisfying the product formula. This upper bound is expressed in terms of the mixed integrals of the local roof functions associated to the chosen height function and to the system of Laurent polynomials. We also show that this bound is close to optimal in some families of examples. This result is an arithmetic analogue of the classical Bern\v{s}tein-Ku\v{s}nirenko theorem
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5

Paajanen, Pirita Maria. "Zeta functions of groups and arithmetic geometry." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419325.

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6

Ji, Shujuan Ramakrishnan Dinakar Ramakrishnan Dinakar. "Arithmetic and geometry on triangular Shimura curves /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 1995. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-10052007-134336.

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7

Kaba, Mustafa Devrim. "On The Arithmetic Of Fibered Surfaces." Phd thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613674/index.pdf.

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In the first three chapters of this thesis we study two conjectures relating arithmetic with geometry, namely Tate and Lang&rsquo
s conjectures, for a certain class of algebraic surfaces. The surfaces we are interested in are assumed to be defined over a number field, have irregularity two and admit a genus two fibration over an elliptic curve. In the final chapter of the thesis we prove the isomorphism of the Picard motives of an arbitrary variety and its Albanese variety.
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8

Camara, Alberto. "Interaction of topology and algebra in arithmetic geometry." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13247/.

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This thesis studies topological and algebraic aspects of higher dimensional local fields and relations to other neighbouring research areas such as nonarchimedean functional analysis and higher dimensional arithmetic geometry. We establish how a higher local field can be described as a locally convex space once an embedding of a local field into it has been fixed. We study the resulting spaces from a functional analytic point of view: in particular we introduce and study bounded, c-compact and compactoid submodules of characteristic zero higher local fields. We show how these spaces are isomorphic to their appropriately topologized duals and study the implications of this fact in terms of polarity. We develop a sequential-topological study of rational points of schemes of finite type over local rings typical in higher dimensional number theory and algebraic geometry. These rings are certain types of multidimensional complete fields and their rings of integers and include higher local fields. Our results extend the constructions of Weil over (one-dimensional) local fields. We establish the existence of an appropriate topology on the set of rational points of schemes of finite type over the rings considered, study the functoriality of this construction and deduce several properties.
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9

Yang, Wenzhe. "The arithmetic geometry of mirror symmetry and the conifold transition." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2018. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e55a7b22-a268-4c57-9d98-c0547ecdcef9.

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The central theme of this thesis is the application of mirror symmetry to the study of the arithmetic geometry of Calabi-Yau threefolds. It formulates a conjecture about the properties of the limit mixed Hodge structure at the large complex structure limit of an arbitrary mirror threefold, which is supported by a two-parameter example of a self-mirror Calabi-Yau threefold. It further studies the connections between this conjecture with Voevodsky's mixed motives. This thesis also studies the connections between the conifold transition and Beilinson's conjecture on the values of the L-functions at integral points. It carefully studies the arithmetic geometry of the conifold in the mirror family of the quintic Calabi-Yau threefold and its L-function, which is shown to provide a very interesting example to Beilinson's conjecture.
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10

Lee, Chih-kuo. "Robust evaluation of differential geometry properties using interval arithmetic techniques." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/33565.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Ocean Engineering, 2005.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-82).
This thesis presents a robust method for evaluating differential geometry properties of sculptured surfaces by using a validated ordinary differential equation (ODE) system solver based on interval arithmetic. Iso-contouring of curvature of a Bezier surface patch. computation of curvature lines of a Bezier surface patch and computation of geodesics of a Bezier surface patch are computed by the Validated Numerical Ordinary Differential Equations (VNODE) solver which employs rounded interval arithmetic methods. Then. the results generated from the VNODE program are compared with the results from Praxiteles code which uses non-validated ODE solvers operating in double precision floating point arithmetic for the solution of the same problems. From the results of these experiments, we find that the VNODE program performs these computations reliably, but at increased computational cost.
by Chih-kuo Lee.
S.M.
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11

Lazda, Christopher David. "Rational homotopy theory in arithmetic geometry : applications to rational points." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/24707.

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In this thesis I study various incarnations of rational homotopy theory in the world of arithmetic geometry. In particular, I study unipotent crystalline fundamental groups in the relative setting, proving that for a smooth and proper family of geometrically connected varieties f:X->S in positive characteristic, the rigid fundamental groups of the fibres X_s glue together to give an affine group scheme in the category of overconvergent F-isocrystals on S. I then use this to define a global period map similar to the one used by Minhyong Kim to study rational points on curves over number fields. I also study rigid rational homotopy types, and show how to construct these for arbitrary varieties over a perfect field of positive characteristic. I prove that these agree with previous constructions in the (log-)smooth and proper case, and show that one can recover the usual rigid fundamental groups from these rational homotopy types. When the base field is finite, I show that the natural Frobenius structure on the rigid rational homotopy type is mixed, building on previous results in the log-smooth and proper case using a descent argument. Finally I turn to l-adic étale rational homotopy types, and show how to lift the Galois action on the geometric l-adic rational homotopy type from the homotopy category Ho(Q_l-dga) to get a Galois action on the dga representing the rational homotopy type. Together with a suitable lifted p-adic Hodge theory comparison theorem, this allows me to define a crystalline obstruction for the existence of integral points. I also study the continuity of the Galois action via a suitably constructed category of cosimplicial Q_l-algebras on a scheme.
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12

Vonk, Jan Bert. "The Atkin operator on spaces of overconvergent modular forms and arithmetic applications." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:081e4e46-80c1-41e7-9154-3181ccb36313.

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We investigate the action of the Atkin operator on spaces of overconvergent p-adic modular forms. Our contributions are both computational and geometric. We present several algorithms to compute the spectrum of the Atkin operator, as well as its p-adic variation as a function of the weight. As an application, we explicitly construct Heegner-type points on elliptic curves. We then make a geometric study of the Atkin operator, and prove a potential semi-stability theorem for correspondences. We explicitly determine the stable models of various Hecke operators on quaternionic Shimura curves, and make a purely geometric study of canonical subgroups.
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13

Turchetti, Danièle. "Contributions to arithmetic geometry in mixed characteristic : lifting covers of curves, non-archimedean geometry and the l-modular Weil representation." Thesis, Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014VERS0022/document.

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Dans cette thèse on étudie certains phénomènes d'interactions entre caractéristique positive et caractéristique nulle. Dans un premier temps on s'occupe du problème de relèvement locale d'actions de groupes. On y montre des conditions nécessaires pour l'existence de relèvement de certains actions du groupe Z/pZ x Z/pZ. Pour une action d'un groupe fini quelconque, on y étudie les arbres de Hurwitz, en montrant que chaque arbre de Hurwitz admet un plongement dans le disque unitaire fermé de Berkovich et que ses données de Hurwitz peuvent être décrites de façon analytique. Dans une deuxième partie nous construisons un analogue de la représentation de Weil à coefficients dans un anneau intègre, et nous montrons que cela satisfait les mêmes propriétés que dans le cas de coefficients complexes
In this thesis, we study the interplay between positive and zero characteristic. In a first instance, we deal with the local lifting problem of lifting actions of curves. We show necessary conditions for the existence of liftings of some actions of Z/pZ x Z/pZ. Then, for an action of a general finite group, we study the associated Hurwitz tree, showing that every Hurwitz tree has a canonical metric embedding in the Berkovich closed unit disc, and that the Hurwitz data can be described analytically.In the last chapter, we define an analog of the Weil representation with coefficients in an integral domain, showing that such representation satisfies the same properties than in the case with complex coefficients
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14

Levitt, Benjamin L. "Tate-Shafarevich Groups of Jacobians of Fermat Curves." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193812.

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For a fixed rational prime p and primitive p-th root of unity ζ, we consider the Jacobian, J, of the complete non-singular curve give by equation yᵖ = xᵃ(1 − x)ᵇ. These curves are quotients of the p-th Fermat curve, given by equation xᵖ+yᵖ = 1, by a cyclic group of automorphisms. Let k = Q(ζ) and k(S) be the maximal extension of k unramified away from p inside a fixed algebraic closure of k. We produce a formula for the image of certain coboundary maps in group cohomology given in terms of Massey products, applicable in a general setting. Under specific circumstance, stated precisely below, we can use this formula and a pairing in the Galois cohomology of k(S) over k studied by W. McCallum and R. Sharifi in [MS02] to produce non-trivial elements in the Tate-Shafarevich group of J. In particular, we prove a theorem for predicting when the image of certain cyclotomic p-units in the Selmer group map non-trivially into X(k, J).
Q(zeta) and k_S be the maximal extension of k unramified away from p inside a fixed algebraic closure of k. We produce a formula for the image of certain coboundary maps in group cohomology given in terms of Massey products, applicable in a general setting. Under specific circumstance, stated precisely below, we can use this formula and a pairing in the Galois cohomology of k_S over k studied by W. McCallum and R. Sharifi to produce non-trivial elements in the Tate-Shafarevich group of J. In particular, we prove a theorem for predicting when the image of certain cyclotomic p-units in the Selmer group map non-trivially into Shah(k,J).
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15

Mohammed, Dilbak. "Generalised Frobenius numbers : geometry of upper bounds, Frobenius graphs and exact formulas for arithmetic sequences." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2015. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/98161/.

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Given a positive integer vector ${\ve a}=(a_{1},a_{2}\dots,a_k)^t$ with \bea 1< a_{1}<\cdots
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16

Knapp, Greg. "Minkowski's Linear Forms Theorem in Elementary Function Arithmetic." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1495545998803274.

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17

Tyler, Michael Peter. "On the birational section conjecture over function fields." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/31600.

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The birational variant of Grothendieck's section conjecture proposes a characterisation of the rational points of a curve over a finitely generated field over Q in terms of the sections of the absolute Galois group of its function field. While the p-adic version of the birational section conjecture has been proven by Jochen Koenigsmann, and improved upon by Florian Pop, the conjecture in its original form remains very much open. One hopes to deduce the birational section conjecture over number fields from the p-adic version by invoking a local-global principle, but if this is achieved the problem remains to deduce from this that the conjecture holds over all finitely generated fields over Q. This is the problem that we address in this thesis, using an approach which is inspired by a similar result by Mohamed Saïdi concerning the section conjecture for étale fundamental groups. We prove a conditional result which says that, under the condition of finiteness of certain Shafarevich-Tate groups, the birational section conjecture holds over finitely generated fields over Q if it holds over number fields.
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18

Tsujimura, Shota. "Combinatorial Belyi Cuspidalization and Arithmetic Subquotients of the Grothendieck-Teichmüller Group." Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/253067.

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19

Svensson, Cecilia. "Taluppfattningens betydelse för elevers matematiska utveckling : En kvantitativ studie i åk 2 av sambandet mellan elevers taluppfattning och deras kunskapsnivå inom aritmetik respektive geometri." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-68945.

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Sammanfattning Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka betydelsen av elevers taluppfattning för deras kunskap i geometri och aritmetik. Analyserna baseras på jämförelser av resultat dels från tester i den ordinarie undervisningen inom de två matematikgrenarna aritmetik och geometri och dels resultat från ett test, för bestämning av elevernas taluppfattning, som tagits fram inom denna studie. Undersökningsmetoden som användes för att mäta taluppfattningen var kvantitativa intervjuer, där 30 elever i åk 2 deltog. Intervjuerna var utformade som ett matematiskt samtal utifrån en för årsklassen anpassad intervjuguide, där eleverna samlade poäng genom att lösa uppgifter på olika svårighetsnivåer. Resultaten sammanställdes därefter till ett helhetsresultat. Resultaten från de tre testerna analyserades med statistiska verktyg så som punktdiagram och bestämning av korrelationskoefficienter. En positiv korrelation kan påvisas för sambandet mellan det resultat eleverna uppnår på taluppfattningstestet och deras resultat på både aritmetik och geometri. Korrelationen i denna studie är starkare för sambandet taluppfattning/geometri, korrelationsfaktor 0,73, än för sambandet taluppfattning/aritmetik, korrelationsfaktor 0,50. Genom den positiva korrelation som påvisas stödjer resultaten uppfattningen att taluppfattningen har stor betydelse för elevernas matematiska utveckling. Denna studie visade att detta samband inte enbart gäller aritmetikens räknelära utan även gäller för geometrin.
Abstracts The aim of this study is to investigate the importance of students’ number sense on their geometry and arithmetic skills. The analyzes are based on comparisons of results, from tests in the regular teaching within the two mathematical branches, arithmetic and geometry, and the results from a test, for determining the students’ number sense, that was developed within this study. The survey method used to measure number sense skills were quantitative interviews, where 30 students in grade 2 participated. The interviews were designed as a math conversation based on an interview guide adapted for the age group concerned. The students gathered points by solving tasks at different levels of difficulty. The results were then compiled into an overall result. The results of the three tests were analyzed using statistical tools such as, point diagrams and determination of correlation coefficients. A positive correlation was demonstrated for the correlation between the result the students achieved in the test of number sense and their results in the tests in both arithmetic and geometry. The correlation in this study is stronger for the relationship number sense / geometry, correlation factor 0.73, than for the number sense / arithmetic, correlation factor 0.50. Through the positive correlation that is shown, the findings support the perception that number sense is of major importance to the students’ mathematical development, and this study showed that this relationship is valid not only in the pure counting skills, as arithmetic, but also for skills in geometry.
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Weinstein, Madeleine. "Adinkras and Arithmetical Graphs." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/hmc_theses/85.

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Adinkras and arithmetical graphs have divergent origins. In the spirit of Feynman diagrams, adinkras encode representations of supersymmetry algebras as graphs with additional structures. Arithmetical graphs, on the other hand, arise in algebraic geometry, and give an arithmetical structure to a graph. In this thesis, we will interpret adinkras as arithmetical graphs and see what can be learned. Our work consists of three main strands. First, we investigate arithmetical structures on the underlying graph of an adinkra in the specific case where the underlying graph is a hypercube. We classify all such arithmetical structures and compute some of the corresponding volumes and linear ranks. Second, we consider the case of a reduced arithmetical graph structure on the hypercube and explore the wealth of relationships that exist between its linear rank and several notions of genus that appear in the literature on graph theory and adinkras. Third, we study modifications of the definition of an arithmetical graph that incorporate some of the properties of an adinkra, such as the vertex height assignment or the edge dashing. To this end, we introduce the directed arithmetical graph and the dashed arithmetical graph. We then explore properties of these modifications in an attempt to see if our definitions make sense, answering questions such as whether the volume is still an integer and whether there are still only finitely many arithmetical structures on a given graph.
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21

Higashiyama, Kazumi. "The semi-absolute anabelian geometry of geometrically pro-p arithmetic fundamental groups of associated low-dimensional configuration spaces." Kyoto University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/242582.

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Patel, Nirav B. "Voronoi diagrams robust and efficient implementation /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2005.

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Pancratz, Sebastian Friedrich. "Practical improvements to the deformation method for point counting." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b3a3d42c-203a-41ff-be1c-27f1018db3c8.

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In this thesis we investigate practical aspects related to point counting problems on algebraic varieties over finite fields. In particular, we present significant improvements to Lauder’s deformation method for smooth projective hypersurfaces, which allow this method to be successfully applied to previously intractable instances. Part I is dedicated to the deformation method, including a complete description of the algorithm but focussing on aspects for which we contribute original improvements. In Chapter 3 we describe the computation of the action of Frobenius on the rigid cohomology space associated to a diagonal hypersurface; in Chapter 4 we develop a method for fast computations in the de Rham cohomology spaces associated to the family, which allows us to compute the Gauss–Manin connection matrix. We conclude this part with a small selection of examples in Chapter 6. In Part II we present an improvement to Lauder’s fibration method. We manage to resolve the bottleneck in previous computation, which is formed by so-called polynomial radix conversions, employing power series inverses and a more efficient implementation. Finally, Part III is dedicated to a comprehensive treatment of the arithmetic in unramified extensions of Qp , which is connected to the previous parts where our computations rely on efficient implementations of p-adic arithmetic. We have made these routines available for others in FLINT as individual modules for p-adic arithmetic.
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Wills, Michael Thomas. "Computing the trace of an endomorphism of a supersingular elliptic curve." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/103821.

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We provide an explicit algorithm for computing the trace of an endomorphism of an elliptic curve which is given by a chain of small-degree isogenies. We analyze its complexity, determining that if the length of the chain, the degree of the isogenies, and the log of the field-size are all O(n), the trace of the endomorphism can be computed in O(n⁶) bit operations. This makes explicit a theorem of Kohel which states that such a polynomial time algorithm exists. The given procedure is based on Schoof's point-counting algorithm.
Master of Science
The developing technology of quantum computers threatens to render current cryptographic systems (that is, systems for protecting stored or transmitted digital information from unauthorized third parties) ineffective. Among the systems proposed to ensure information security against attacks by quantum computers is a cryptographic scheme known as SIKE. In this thesis, we provide and analyze an algorithm that comprises one piece of a potential attack against SIKE by a classical computer. The given algorithm is also useful more generally in the field of arithmetic geometry.
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25

Wang, Xiaozong. "On the Bertini theorem in Arakelov geometry." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASM015.

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Cette thèse a pour objet l'étude des propriétés géométriques des variétés arithmétiques. Plus précisément, nous nous intéressons à l'existence des sous-schémas projectifs réguliers sur une variété arithmétique projective régulière. Nous étendons d'abord un résultat de Poonen. Nous prouvons notamment qu'étant donnés une variété projective lisse X sur un corps fini et un faisceau ample L au-dessus de X, la proportion des sections globales de L⊗d ayant un diviseur lisse tend vers ζx(1+dim X)⁻¹ quand d tend vers l'infini. Nous montrons ensuite que pour une variété arithmétique projective régulière X muni d'un faisceau hermitien ample L, la proportion des sections globales de norme infinie strictement plus petite que 1 de L⊗d dont le diviseur n'a pas de point singulier sur la fibre Xp au-dessus d'aucun nombre premier p ≤ eᵋᵈ tend vers ζx(1+dim X)⁻¹ quand d tend vers l'infini
The purpose of this thesis is to study the geometric properties of the arithmetic varieties. More precisely, we are interested in the existence of regular projective subschemes of a regular projective arithmetic variety. First we extend a result of Poonen. In particular, we prove that given a smooth projective variety X over a finite field and an ample line bundle L on X, the proportion of global sections of L⊗d which has a smooth divisor tends to ζx(1+dim X)⁻¹ when d tends to infinity. Then we show that for a regular projective arithmetic variety X equipped with an ample hermitian line bundle L, the proportion of global sections of supremum norm strictly smaller than 1 of L⊗d whose divisor does not have a singular point on the fiber Xp over any prime p ≤ eᵋᵈ tends to ζx(1+dim X)⁻¹ as d tends to infinity
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Giovenzana, Franco [Verfasser], Christian [Akademischer Betreuer] Lehn, Christian [Gutachter] Lehn, Nicolas [Gutachter] Addington, and Paolo [Gutachter] Stellari. "Geometry and Arithmetic of the LLSvS Variety / Franco Giovenzana ; Gutachter: Christian Lehn, Nicolas Addington, Paolo Stellari ; Betreuer: Christian Lehn." Chemnitz : Technische Universität Chemnitz, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1230984054/34.

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27

Derenthal, Ulrich. "Geometry of universal torsors." Doctoral thesis, [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://webdoc.sub.gwdg.de/diss/2006/derenthal.

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28

Smith, Benjamin Andrew. "Explicit endomorphisms and correspondences." University of Sydney, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1066.

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Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
In this work, we investigate methods for computing explicitly with homomorphisms (and particularly endomorphisms) of Jacobian varieties of algebraic curves. Our principal tool is the theory of correspondences, in which homomorphisms of Jacobians are represented by divisors on products of curves. We give families of hyperelliptic curves of genus three, five, six, seven, ten and fifteen whose Jacobians have explicit isogenies (given in terms of correspondences) to other hyperelliptic Jacobians. We describe several families of hyperelliptic curves whose Jacobians have complex or real multiplication; we use correspondences to make the complex and real multiplication explicit, in the form of efficiently computable maps on ideal class representatives. These explicit endomorphisms may be used for efficient integer multiplication on hyperelliptic Jacobians, extending Gallant--Lambert--Vanstone fast multiplication techniques from elliptic curves to higher dimensional Jacobians. We then describe Richelot isogenies for curves of genus two; in contrast to classical treatments of these isogenies, we consider all the Richelot isogenies from a given Jacobian simultaneously. The inter-relationship of Richelot isogenies may be used to deduce information about the endomorphism ring structure of Jacobian surfaces; we conclude with a brief exploration of these techniques.
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29

Smith, Benjamin Andrew. "Explicit endomorphisms and correspondences." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1066.

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In this work, we investigate methods for computing explicitly with homomorphisms (and particularly endomorphisms) of Jacobian varieties of algebraic curves. Our principal tool is the theory of correspondences, in which homomorphisms of Jacobians are represented by divisors on products of curves. We give families of hyperelliptic curves of genus three, five, six, seven, ten and fifteen whose Jacobians have explicit isogenies (given in terms of correspondences) to other hyperelliptic Jacobians. We describe several families of hyperelliptic curves whose Jacobians have complex or real multiplication; we use correspondences to make the complex and real multiplication explicit, in the form of efficiently computable maps on ideal class representatives. These explicit endomorphisms may be used for efficient integer multiplication on hyperelliptic Jacobians, extending Gallant--Lambert--Vanstone fast multiplication techniques from elliptic curves to higher dimensional Jacobians. We then describe Richelot isogenies for curves of genus two; in contrast to classical treatments of these isogenies, we consider all the Richelot isogenies from a given Jacobian simultaneously. The inter-relationship of Richelot isogenies may be used to deduce information about the endomorphism ring structure of Jacobian surfaces; we conclude with a brief exploration of these techniques.
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30

Dogra, Netan. "Topics in the theory of Selmer varieties." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:2a1b0c3f-7f84-44e8-b7a3-80ff37a8b5f8.

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The Selmer varieties of a hyperbolic curve X over ℚ are refinements of the Selmer group arising from replacing the Tate module of the Jacobian with higher quotients of the unipotent étale fundamental group. It is hoped that these refinements carry extra arithmetic information. In particular the nonabelian Chabauty method developed by Kim uses the Selmer variety to give a new method to find the set X(ℚ). This thesis studies certain local and global properties of the Selmer varieties associated to finite dimensional quotients of the unipotent fundamental group of a curve over ℚ. We develop new methods to prove finiteness of the intersection of the Selmer varieties with the set of local points (and hence of the set of rational points) and new methods to implement this explicitly, giving the first examples of explicit nonabelian Chabauty theory for rational points on projective curves.
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31

Haydon, James Henri. "Étale homotopy sections of algebraic varieties." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:88019ba2-a589-4179-ad7f-1eea234d284c.

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We define and study the fundamental pro-finite 2-groupoid of varieties X defined over a field k. This is a higher algebraic invariant of a scheme X, analogous to the higher fundamental path 2-groupoids as defined for topological spaces. This invariant is related to previously defined invariants, for example the absolute Galois group of a field, and Grothendieck’s étale fundamental group. The special case of Brauer-Severi varieties is considered, in which case a “sections conjecture” type theorem is proved. It is shown that a Brauer-Severi variety X has a rational point if and only if its étale fundamental 2-groupoid has a special sort of section.
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32

Feijó, Rafael Godolphim. "O intuicionismo Kantiano à Luz do Logicismo e do Cognitivismo: Uma defesa da intuição pura do espaço e do tempo." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2017. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/6390.

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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
FAPERGS - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul
A filosofia kantiana da matemática é fundamentada sobre uma estrutura epistemológica intuicionista. As categorias do espaço e do tempo constituem as formas da sensibilidade, formas estas manifestadas por meio de uma intuição pura a priori. O presente trabalho busca realizar uma defesa razoável de tal intuição frente aos críticos contemporâneos, os quais propõem um programa logicista desprovido de estrutura epistêmica no que tange ao raciocínio matemático. Tais críticos afirmam que a aritmética não necessita da intuição pura do tempo para que as operações numéricas possam ser realizadas. Buscaremos demonstrar que a lógica quantificacional constitui um expediente meramente formalista que deixa de lado os problemas epistemológicos da cognição matemática e, por esse motivo, pode ambicionar desconsiderar a intuição pura kantiana. Portanto, buscaremos demonstrar que a intuição pura kantiana ainda pode lançar luz sobre a natureza dos cálculos da matemática.
The Kantian philosophy of mathematics is based on an intuitionist epistemological structure. The categories of space and time are the forms of sensibility, these forms manifested through a pure intuition a priori. The present work seeks to make a reasonable defense of such intuition in the face of contemporary critics, who propose a logicist program devoid of epistemic structure regarding mathematical reasoning. Such critics claim that arithmetic does not need the pure intuition of time for numerical operations to be performed. We will try to demonstrate that the quantificational logic constitutes a merely formalistic expedient that leaves aside the epistemological problems of the mathematical cognition and, for this reason, it can ambition to disregard the pure Kantian intuition. Therefore, we shall try to demonstrate that pure Kantian intuition can still shed light on the nature of mathematical calculations.
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33

Borenstein, Evan. "Additive stucture, rich lines, and exponential set-expansion." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29664.

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Thesis (Ph.D)--Mathematics, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.
Committee Chair: Croot, Ernie; Committee Member: Costello, Kevin; Committee Member: Lyall, Neil; Committee Member: Tetali, Prasad; Committee Member: Yu, XingXing. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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34

Gunawan, Albert. "Gauss's theorem on sums of 3 squares sheaves, and Gauss composition." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0020/document.

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Le théorème de Gauss sur les sommes de 3 carrés relie le nombre de points entiers primitifs sur la sphère de rayon la racine carrée de n au nombre de classes d'un ordre quadratique imaginaire. En 2011, Edixhoven a esquissée une preuve du théorème de Gauss en utilisant une approche de la géométrie arithmétique. Il a utilisé l'action du groupe orthogonal spécial sur la sphère et a donné une bijection entre l'ensemble des SO3(Z)-orbites de tels points, si non vide, avec l'ensemble des classes d'isomorphisme de torseurs sous le stabilisateur. Ce dernier ensemble est un groupe, isomorphe au groupe des classes d'isomorphisme de modules projectifs de rang 1 sur l'anneau Z[1/2, √- n], ce qui donne une structure d'espace affine sur l'ensemble des SO3(Z)-orbites sur la sphère. Au chapitre 3 de cette thèse, nous donnons une démonstration complète du théorème de Gauss suivant les travaux d'Edixhoven. Nous donnons aussi une nouvelle preuve du théorème de Legendre sur l'existence d'une solution entière primitive de l'équation x2 + y2 + z2 = n en utilisant la théorie des faisceaux. Nous montrons au chapitre 4 comment obtenir explicitement l'action, donnée par la méthode des faisceaux, du groupe des classes sur l'ensemble des SO3(Z)-orbites sur la sphère en termes de SO3(Q)
Gauss's theorem on sums of 3 squares relates the number of primitive integer points on the sphere of radius the square root of n with the class number of some quadratic imaginary order. In 2011, Edixhoven sketched a different proof of Gauss's theorem by using an approach from arithmetic geometry. He used the action of the special orthogonal group on the sphere and gave a bijection between the set of SO3(Z)-orbits of such points, if non-empty, with the set of isomorphism classes of torsors under the stabilizer group. This last set is a group, isomorphic to the group of isomorphism classes of projective rank one modules over the ring Z[1/2, √- n]. This gives an affine space structure on the set of SO3(Z)-orbits on the sphere. In Chapter 3 we give a complete proof of Gauss's theorem following Edixhoven's work and a new proof of Legendre's theorem on the existence of a primitive integer solution of the equation x2 + y2 + z2 = n by sheaf theory. In Chapter 4 we make the action given by the sheaf method of the Picard group on the set of SO3(Z)-orbits on the sphere explicit, in terms of SO3(Q)
De stelling van Gauss over sommen van 3 kwadraten relateert het aantal primitieve gehele punten op de bol van straal de vierkantswortel van n aan het klassengetal van een bepaalde imaginaire kwadratisch orde. In 2011 schetste Edixhoven een ander bewijs van deze stelling van Gauss metbehulp van aritmetische meetkunde. Hij gebruikte de actie van de special orthogonale groep op de bol en gaf een bijectie tussen de verzameling van SO3(Z)-banen van dergelijke punten, als die niet leeg is, met de verzameling van isomor_e klassen van torsors onder de stabilisator groep. Deze laatste verzameling is een groep, isomorf met de groep van isomor_e klassen van projectieve rang _e_en modulen over de ring Z[1/2, √- n]. Dit geeft een a_ene ruimte structuur op de verzameling van SO3(Z)-banen op de bol. In Hoofdstuk 3 geven we een volledig bewijs van de stelling van Gauss zoals geschetst door Edixhoven, en een nieuw bewijs van Legendre's stelling over het bestaan van een primitieve gehele oplossing van de vergelijking x2 +y2 +z2 = n met schoven theorie. In hoofdstuk 4 maken we de werking gegeven door de schoven theorie van de Picard groep op de verzameling van SO3(Z)-banen op de bol expliciet, in termen van SO3(Q)
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35

Huang, Zhizhong. "Distribution asymptotique fine des points de hauteur bornée sur les variétés algébriques." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAM036/document.

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L'étude de la distribution des points rationnels sur les variétés algébriques est un sujet classique de la géométrie diophantienne. Le programme proposé par V. Batyrev et Y. Manin dans des années 90 donne une prédiction sur l'ordre de croissance tandis que sa version ultérieure dûe à E. Peyre conjecture l'existence d'une distribution globale. Dans cette thèse nous nous proposons une étude de la distribution locale des points rationnels de hauteur bornée sur les variétés algébriques. Ceci envisage une description plus fine que celle globale en dénombrant les points le plus proche d'un point fixé. Nous nous plaçons sur le cadre récent du travail de D. McKinnon et M. Roth qui met en évidence que la géométrie de la variété gouverne l'approximation diophantienne sur elle et nous reprenons les résultats de S. Pagelot. L'ordre de croissance espéré et l'existence d'une mesure asymptotique sur certaines surfaces toriques sont démontrés, alors que démontrons-nous un résultat totalement différent pour une autre surface sur laquelle il n'y pas de mesure asymptotique et les meilleurs approximants génériques s'obtiennent sur des courbes rationnelles nodales. Ces deux phénomènes sont de nature radicalement différente au point de vu de l'approximation diophantienne
The study of the distribution of rational points on algebraic varieties is a classic subject of Diophantine geometry. The program proposed by V. Batyrev and Y. Manin in the 1990s gives a prediction on the order of growth whereas its later version due to E. Peyre conjectures the existence of a global distribution. In this thesis we propose a study of the local distribution of rational points of bounded height on algebraic manifolds. This aims at giving a description finer than the global one by counting the points closest to a fixed point. We set ourselves on the recent framework of the work of D. McKinnon and M. Roth who prefers that the geometry of the variety governs the Diophantine approximation on it and we take up the results of S. Pagelot. The expected order of growth and the existence of an asymptotic measure on some toric surfaces are demonstrated, while we demonstrate a totally different result for another surface on which there is no asymptotic measure and the best generic approximates are obtained on nodal rational curves. These two phenomena are of a radically different nature from the point of view of the Diophantine approximation
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36

Batista, Maria Betania Soares da Silva. "Geometria e aritm?tica numa vis?o multicultural: uma experi?ncia pedag?gica." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2012. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/16096.

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This paper aims to build a notebook of activities that can help the teacher of elementary school mathematics. Topics covered are arithmetic and geometry and the activities proposed here were developed aiming print them a multicultural character. We take as a base line developed by Claudia Zaslavsky multiculturalism and reflected in his books "Games and activities worldwide" and "More games and activities worldwide." We structure our work around four themes: the symbol of the Olympic Games, the pyramids of Egypt, the Russian abacus abacus and Chinese. The first two themes allow you to explore basic concepts of geometry while the latter two themes allow us to explore numerical notation and arithmetic operations
O presente trabalho tem como objetivo a constru??o de um caderno de atividades que possa auxiliar o professor de matem?tica do ensino fundamental. Os t?picos abordados s?o geometria e aritm?tica sendo que as atividades aqui propostas foram desenvolvidas buscando imprimir nelas um car?ter multicultural. Tomamos como base a linha de multiculturalismo desenvolvida por Claudia Zaslavsky e refletida em seus livros Jogos e atividades do mundo inteiro e Mais jogos e atividades do mundo inteiro . Estruturamos nosso trabalho em torno de quatro temas: o s?mbolo dos jogos ol?mpicos, as pir?mides do Egito, o ?baco russo e o ?baco Chin?s. Os dois primeiros temas permitem explorar conceitos b?sicos da geometria enquanto que os dois ?ltimos temas nos possibilitam explorar nota??o num?rica e opera??es aritm?ticas
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37

Fox, Maria. "TheGL(4) Rapoport-Zink Space:." Thesis, Boston College, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:108374.

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Thesis advisor: Benjamin Howard
This dissertation gives a description of the GL(4) Rapoport-Zink space, including the connected components, irreducible components, intersection behavior of the irreducible components, and Ekedahl-Oort stratification. As an application of this, this dissertation also includes a description of the supersingular locus of the Shimura variety for the group GU(2,2) over a prime split in the relevant imaginary quadratic field
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2019
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Mathematics
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38

Munoz, Bertrand Ruben. "Coefficients en cohomologie de De Rham-Witt surconvergente." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMC205.

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Deligne a défini dans les années 70 le complexe de De Rham-Witt, qui permit à Illusie de prouver un théorème de comparaison avec la cohomologie cristalline. Ce résultat fut ensuite étendu par Etesse aux coefficients. En 2004, Bloch démontra que le théorème de comparaison cohomologique étendu aux coefficients d'Etesse possédait une interprétation plus profonde : sous certaines conditions, on obtient en fait une équivalence de catégories entre des cristaux et des connexions de De Rham Witt.Plus récemment, Davis, Langer et Zink ont introduit un complexe de De Rham-Witt surconvergent et démontré des théorèmes de comparaison avec les cohomologies de Monsky-Washnitzer et rigide. Ces derniers furent ensuite étendus aux coefficients par Ertl, qui démontra notamment un quasi-isomorphisme de cohomologie avec les isocristaux surconvergents.On peut alors légitimement se demander si les résultats de Bloch possèdent une variante surconvergente : c'est-à-dire que l'on aimerait pouvoir obtenir une interprétation des isocristaux surconvergents pour la cohomologie de De Rham-Witt surconvergente. On peut y parvenir en considérant des connexions de De Rham-Witt surconvergentes comme définies par Ertl, pour lesquelles on peut raisonnablement espérer retrouver les mêmes opérations cohomologiques que pour les F-isocristaux.Cette question fut la motivation de cette thèse, et le théorème principal de ce travail y répond en partie positivement. Pour y parvenir, il est nécessaire d'expliciter la structure locale du complexe de De Rham-Witt surconvergent, et de redéfinir la notion de surconvergence afin de pouvoir mieux contrôler la convergence des produits de différentielles de De Rham-Witt
Under a few assumptions, we prove an equivalence of category between a subcategory of F-isocristals on a smooth algebraic variety and overcongergent integrable De Rham-Witt connections. We do so by giving an equivalent definition of overconvergence, and by studying the explicit local structure of the De Rham-Witt complex
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39

Hachami, Saïd. "Périodes hermitiennes des courbes et application à une formule de chowla-selberg." Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10142.

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La nouvelle démonstration de la formule de chowla-selberg dans le cas P = 7 consiste à exhiber une application méromorphe entre la courbe de fermat X**(7) + Y**(7) + Z**(7) = 0 de P::(2)(C) et une courbe elliptique. Un calcul direct que D. Barlet a effectué précédemment en liaison avec le calcul de la forme hermitienne cannonique des singularités isolées des surfaces de fermat X**(A) + Y**(B) + Z**(C) dans C**(3) montraient qu'une période hermitienne convenable sur la courbe X**(7) + Y**(7) + Z**(7) coincidait avec le membre de droite de la formule de chowla-selberg pour P = 7 (à des constantes triviales près). La construction élaborée permet de relier directement cette période hermitienne à l'aide du parallélogramme d'une courbe elliptique
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40

Savel, Charles. "Sur la dimension de certaines variétés de Kisin : le cas de la restriction des scalaires de GLd." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1S072/document.

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A une représentation de p-torsion du groupe de Galois absolu d'un corps p-adique, M. Kisin associe un espace de modules, appelé par la suite variété de Kisin par G. Pappas et M. Rapoport. Ces variétés ont été introduites afin de démontrer plusieurs résultats de modularité sur les représentations galoisiennes. Elles se sont révélées utiles également pour construire certains anneaux de déformations voire les calculer. Plus récemment elles ont été utilisées pour munir le champ des représentations galoisiennes de torsion d'une structure algébrique. Par ailleurs ces variétés ressemblent formellement aux variétés de Deligne-Lusztig affines. En particulier leur définition s'étend dans le cadre de la théorie des groupes réductifs. Dans cette thèse, nous étudions la dimension de certaines variétés de Kisin dans le cas de la restriction des scalaires à la Weil du groupe linéaire général GLd. En nous basant sur des méthodes issues du cadre Deligne-Lusztig et en suivant les travaux de E. Viehmann et X. Caruso, nous définissons une stratification de la variété de Kisin. Nous encadrons ensuite la dimension des strates, puis étudions le problème de la maximisation de la dimension sur l'ensemble des strates. Cela permet de démontrer des encadrements pour la dimension des variétés de Kisin considérées. Comme dans le cas des variétés de Deligne-Lusztig affines, la somme des racines positives intervient dans l'encadrement de la dimension
Given a p-torsion representation of the absolute Galois group of a p-adic field, M. Kisin defines a moduli space, which was named Kisin variety afterwards by G. Pappas and M. Rapoport. These varieties were first introduced in order to prove several modularity results on Galois representations. They were also used for constructing certain Galois deformation rings and computing some of them. Besides, they were involved in a recent work aiming at defining an algebraic structure on the stack of torsion Galois representations. It turns out that these varieties are formally similar to affine Deligne-Lusztig varieties. In particular their definition extends to the framework of reductive groups. In this thesis, we study the dimension of some Kisin varieties corresponding to the scalar restriction of the general linear group GLd. Inspired by methods coming from Deligne-Lusztig theory and following works by E. Viehmann and X. Caruso, we define a stratification on the given Kisin variety. Then we bound from below and from above the dimension of the strata, and we address the problem of maximizing the dimension over all strata. This allows us to derive the announced bounds on the dimension. As for affine Deligne-Lusztig varieties, the sum of the positive roots appears in the bounds
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41

Tavenas, Sébastien. "Bornes inférieures et supérieures dans les circuits arithmétiques." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01066752.

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La complexité arithmétique est l'étude des ressources nécessaires pour calcu- ler des polynômes en n'utilisant que des opérations arithmétiques. À la fin des années 70, Valiant a défini (de manière semblable à la complexité booléenne) des classes de polynômes. Les polynômes, ayant des circuits de taille polyno- miale, considérés faciles forment la classe VP. Les sommes exponentielles de ces derniers correpondent alors à la classe VNP. L'hypothèse de Valiant est la conjecture que VP ̸= VNP.Bien que cette conjecture soit encore grandement ouverture, cette dernière semble toutefois plus accessible que son homologue booléen. La structure algé- brique sous-jacente limite les possibilités de calculs. En particulier, un résultat important du domaine assure que les polynômes faciles peuvent aussi être cal- culés efficacement en paralèlle. De plus, quitte à autoriser une augmentation raisonnable de la taille, il est possible de les calculer avec une profondeur de calcul bornée par une constante. Comme ce dernier modèle est très restreint, de nombreuses bornes inférieures sont connues. Nous nous intéresserons en premier temps à ces résultats sur les circuits de profondeur constante.Bürgisser a montré qu'une conjecture (la τ-conjecture) qui borne supérieu- rement le nombre de racines de certains polynômes univariés, impliquait des bornes inférieures en complexité arithmétique. Mais, que se passe-t-il alors, si on essaye de réduire, comme précédemment, la profondeur du polynôme consi- déré? Borner le nombre de racines réelles de certaines familles de polynômes permetterait de séparer VP et VNP. Nous étudierons finalement ces bornes su- périeures sur le nombre de racines réelles.
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42

Silva, Lilian Esquinelato da [UNESP]. "Ensino intradisciplinar de Matemática através da resolução de problemas: o caso do Algeblocks." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/154125.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo investigar como o material manipulativo Algeblocks e a Metodologia de Ensino–Aprendizagem–Avaliação de Matemática através da Resolução de Problemas contribuem para o Ensino Intradisciplinar. Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida seguindo a Metodologia Científica de Romberg–Onuchic, apresentada por Onuchic e Noguti (2014). A fundamentação teórica desta pesquisa tem como base três variáveis-chave: Conexões no Ensino de Matemática, Materiais Manipulativos e Resolução de Problemas. Procuramos investigar pesquisas que trabalham o ensino de Matemática fazendo conexões entre diferentes ramos da Matemática e as contribuições do Algeblocks para o desenvolvimento do projeto pedagógico de Matemática, ao adotar a Metodologia de Ensino–Aprendizagem–Avaliação de Matemática através da Resolução de Problemas. Para tanto, estabelecemos como procedimentos da pesquisa a elaboração de um Projeto Pedagógico e sua aplicação em uma turma de 8º ano do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola estadual da rede pública de ensino da cidade de Rio Claro - SP. Esse Projeto envolve o Ensino–Aprendizagem–Avaliação de Matemática com uso dos Algeblocks trabalhando a compreensão de conceitos matemáticos. Percebemos que o trabalho do professor de Matemática ao fazer uso da Metodologia de Ensino–Aprendizagem–Avaliação de Matemática através da Resolução de Problemas dá a possibilidade, com o uso do Algeblocks, de trabalhar conceitos matemáticos realizando as conexões entre diferentes ramos da Matemática.
This research aims to investigate how the Algeblocks manipulative and Methodology of Mathematics Teaching-Learning-Evaluation through Problem Solving contribute to Intradisciplinary Teaching. This research was developed following the Scientific Methodology of Romberg–Onuchic presented by Onuchic and Noguti (2014). The theoretical basis of this research is based on three key variables: Connections in Teaching Mathematics, Manipulative Materials and Problem Solving. We seek to investigate researches that work the teaching of Mathematics making connections between different branches of Mathematics and the contributions of the Manipulative Material for the development of learning of Mathematics by adopting the Methodology of Mathematics Teaching-Learning-Evaluation through Problem Solving. Therefore, we established as research procedures the elaboration of a Project and its application in an 8th grade class of Elementary School of a state school of the public school of the city of Rio Claro - SP. This Project involves the teaching-learning-evaluation of Mathematics with use of the Algeblocks making the concrete representations of abstract concepts. We realized that the work of the Mathematics teacher in making use of the Methodology of Teaching-Learning-Evaluation of Mathematics through Problem Solving gives the possibility, with the use of Algeblocks, of working mathematical concepts making the connections between the different branches of Mathematics.
CNPq: 132559/2016-1.
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43

Selander, Björn. "Arithmetic of three-point covers /." Uppsala : Department of Mathematics, Univ. [distributör], 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7497.

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44

Dissa, Sinaly. "Entre arithmétique et géométrie discrète, une étude épistémologique et didactique du théorème de Bézout et du théorème de Pick." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALM008.

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Cette thèse étudie la problématique de changement de registres dans l’enseignement des mathématiques. Plus spécifiquement, nous avons choisi d’étudier les registres de l’arithmétique et de la géométrie avec des interactions des domaines du continu et du discret.Cette thèse montre, en particulier, que les situations adidactiques / didactiques « classiques » ne permettent pas de mettre en œuvre de telles interactions.Nous avons montré, de plus, qu’il y a une forte prégnance du continu dans les conceptions des étudiants et même une résistance à considérer le discret. Nos expérimentations ont été réalisées auprès d’étudiants de Licence mathématiques et de formateurs.Notre première ingénierie aborde l’étude des points entiers d’une droite du plan. Elle a mis en évidence l’obstacle à reconnaître une caractérisation géométrique des solutions de l’équation de Bézout (existence et exhaustivité).Cela montre, que pour franchir cet obstacle de changement de registres, il est nécessaire de proposer un type de situation plus « ouverte » et concernant un problème mathématique épistémologiquement consistant.Dans cette thèse, nous avons étudié la possibilité de faire la dévolution d’un changement de registre arithmétique/géométrie dans le cadre de « Situation Recherche pour la Classe ». C’est un des objectifs de notre seconde ingénierie portant sur l’aire de polygones à sommet entier (en référence au théorème de Pick).Deux pré-expérimentations ont permis de cerner les conditions de prise en compte du registre discret pour une question relevant de la géométrie.Nous avons construit une dernière expérimentation en tenant compte de ces conditions.L’analyse didactique de la situation sur Pick nous permet d’affirmer que, d’une part, le modèle SiRC est adapté à l’ingénierie de situations de changement de registres. D’autre part elle montre aussi que l’arithmétique et la géométrie sont des domaines mathématiques pertinents pour les interactions de registre et le travail sur la preuve et le raisonnement.Parmi les conditions pour une bonne dévolution des changements de registre, la nature de la question joue un rôle essentiel. Nous avons choisi dans l’ingénierie sur le problème de Pick de demander de chercher une « méthode » ou une « formule » sans préciser les variables et les registres concernés.Notre expérimentation a montré que ce type de question a permis le développement de nombreuses stratégies identifiées dans l’analyse mathématique du problème
This thesis studies the problem of changing registers in mathematics education. More specifically,we have chosen to study the registers of the continuous and the discrete with interactions in thefields of arithmetic and geometry.This thesis shows, in particular, that "classic" adidactic / didactic situations do not allow suchinteractions to be implemented.We have shown, moreover, that there is a pervasiveness of the continuous in the conceptions of thestudents and even a resistance to consider the discreet. Our experiments were carried out withundergraduate mathematics students and trainers.Our first engineering deals with the study of whole points of a line of the plane. It highlighted theobstacle to recognizing a geometric characterization of the solutions of the Bézout equation(existence and exhaustiveness).This shows that in order to overcome this obstacle of changing registers, it is necessary to propose amore “open” type of situation concerning an epistemologically consistent mathematical problem.In this thesis, we studied the possibility of devolving a change in arithmetic / geometry register inthe context of "Research Situation for the Class". This is one of the objectives of our secondengineering covering the area of whole vertex polygons (with reference to Pick's theorem).Two pre-experiments made it possible to define the conditions for taking into account the discreteregister for a question relating to geometry.We have built a final experiment taking these conditions into account.The didactic analysis of the situation on Pick allows us to affirm that, on the one hand, the SiRCmodel is suitable for the engineering of situations of change of registers. On the other hand, it alsoshows that arithmetic and geometry are relevant mathematical domains for register interactions andwork on proof and reasoning.Among the conditions for proper devolution of registry changes, the nature of the question plays anessential role. We chose in engineering on the Pick problem to ask to search for a "method" or"formula" without specifying the variables and registers concerned.Our experience has shown that this type of question has enabled the development of many strategiesidentified in the mathematical analysis of the problem
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45

Seymour, David. "Exact rational arithmetic for geometric computation." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387624.

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46

Le, Rudulier Cécile. "Points algébriques de hauteur bornée." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1S073/document.

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L'étude de la répartition des points rationnels ou algébriques d'une variété algébrique selon leur hauteur est un problème classique de géométrie diophantienne. Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéresserons au cardinal asymptotique de l'ensemble des points algébriques de degré fixé et de hauteur bornée d'une variété lisse de Fano définie sur un corps de nombres, lorsque la borne sur la hauteur tend vers l'infini. En particulier nous montrerons que cette question peut-être reliée à la conjecture de Batyrev-Manin-Peyre, c'est-à-dire le cas des points rationnels, sur un schéma de Hilbert ponctuel. Nous en déduisons ainsi la distribution des points algébriques de degré fixé d'une courbe rationnelle. Lorsque la variété de départ est une surface lisse de Fano, notre étude montre que les schémas de Hilbert associés fournissent, sous certaines conditions, de nouveaux contre-exemples à la conjecture de Batyrev-Manin-Peyre. Néanmoins, pour deux surfaces que nous étudions en détail, les schémas de Hilbert associés vérifient une version légèrement affaiblie de la conjecture de Batyrev-Manin-Peyre
The study of the distribution of rational or algebraic points of an algebraic variety according to their height is a classic problem in Diophantine geometry. In this thesis, we will be interested in the asymptotic cardinality of the set of algebraic points of fixed degree and bounded height of a smooth Fano variety defined over a number field, when the bound on the height tends to infinity. In particular, we show that this can be connected to the Batyrev-Manin-Peyre conjecture, i.e. the case of rational points, on some ponctual Hilbert scheme. We thus deduce the distribution of algebraic points of fixed degree on a rational curve. When the variety is a smooth Fano surface, our study shows that the associated Hilbert schemes provide, under certain conditions, new counterexamples to the Batyrev-Manin-Peyre conjecture. However, in two cases detailed in this thesis, the associated Hilbert schemes satisfie a slightly weaker version of the Batyrev-Manin-Peyre conjecture
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47

Ambrosi, Emiliano. "l-adic,p-adic and geometric invariants in families of varieties." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLX019/document.

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Cette thèse est divisée en huit chapitres. D’abord, dans le Chapitre 1, on présente des résultats et des outils déjà connus qu’on utilisera dans la suite de la thèse. Le Chapitre 2 est consacré à résumer de maniére uniforme les nouveaux résultats présentés dans ce manuscrit.Les six chapitre restants sont originals. Dans les Chapitres 3 et 4 on démontre la chose suivante: soit $f:Yrightarrow X$ un morphisme lisse et prope sur une base $X$ lisse et géométriquament connexe sur un corps infini, finiment engendré et de caractéristique positive. Alors il y a beaucoup de points fermées $xin |X|$ tels que le rang du groupe de Néron-Severi de la fibre géometrique de $f$ en $x$ est le même du groupe de Néron-Severi de la fibre géométrique générique. On preuve ça de la façon suivante: on étudie la spécialisation du faisceau lisse $ell$-adique $R^2f_*Ql(1)$ ($ellneq p$); en suite, on le relit avec la spécialisation du F-isocristal $R^2f_{*,cris}mathcal O_{Y/K}(1)$ en passant par la catégorie des F-isocristaux surconvergents. Au final, la conjecture de Tate varationelle dans la cohomologie cristalline, nous permet de déduire le résultat sur les groupes de Néron-Severi depuis le résultat sur $R^2f_{*,cris}mathcal O_{Y/K}(1)$. Cela étend en caractéristique positive les résultats de Cadoret-Tamagawa et André en caractéristique zero.Les Chapitres 5 et 6 sont consacrés à l’étude des groupes de monodromie des F-isocristaux (sur)convergents. En particulier, les résultats dans le Chapitre 5 sont un travail en common avec Marco D'Addezio. On étude les tores maximaux des groupes de monodromie des F-isocristaux (sur)convergents et on utilise ça pour démontrer un cas particulier d’un conjecture de Kedlaya sur les homomorphismes de $F$-isocristeaux convergents. En utilisant ce cas particulier, on démontre que si $A$ est une variété abélienne sans facteurs d'isogonie isotrivial sur un corps de fonctions $F$ sur $overline{F}_p$, alors le groupe $A(F^{mathrm{perf}})_{tors}$ est fini. Cela peut être considéré comme une extension du théoreme de Lang—Néron et donne une réponse positive a une question d'Esnault. Dans le Chapitre 6, on défini une catégorie $overline Q_p$-linéaire des $F$-isocristeaux surconvergents et les groupes de monodromie de ces objets. En exploitant la théorie des compagnons pour les $F$-isocristeaux surconvergents et les faisceaux lisses, on étudie la théorie de spécialisation de ces groupes de monodromie en transférant les résultats du Chapitre 3 dans ce contexte.Les derniers deux chapitres complètent et affinent les résultats des chapitres précédents. Dans le Chapitre 7, on démontre que la conjecture de Tate pour les diviseurs sur les corps finiment engendrés et de caractéristique $p>0$ est une conséquence de la conjecture de Tate pour les diviseurs sur les corps finis de caractéristique $p>0$. Dans le Chapitre 8, on démontre des résultats de borne uniforme en caractéristique positive pour le groupes de Brauer des formes des variétés qui satisfasse la conjecture de Tate $ell$-adique pour les diviseurs. Cela étend en caractéristique positive un résultat de Orr-Skorobogatov en caractéristique zéro
This thesis is divided in 8 chapters. Chapter ref{chapterpreliminaries} is of preliminary nature: we recall the tools that we will use in the rest of the thesis and some previously known results. Chapter ref{chapterpresentation} is devoted to summarize in a uniform way the new results obtained in this thesis.The other six chapters are original. In Chapters ref{chapterUOIp} and ref{chapterneron}, we prove the following: given a smooth proper morphism $f:Yrightarrow X$ over a smooth geometrically connected base $X$ over an infinite finitely generated field of positive characteristic, there are lots of closed points $xin |X|$ such that the rank of the N'eron-Severi group of the geometric fibre of $f$ at $x$ is the same of the rank of the N'eron-Severi group of the geometric generic fibre. To prove this, we first study the specialization of the $ell$-adic lisse sheaf $R^2f_*Ql(1)$ ($ellneq p$), then we relate it with the specialization of the F-isocrystal $R^2f_{*,crys}mathcal O_{Y/K}(1)$ passing trough the category of overconvergent F-isocrystals. Then, the variational Tate conjecture in crystalline cohomology, allows us to deduce the result on the N'eron-Severi groups from the results on $R^2f_{*,crys}mathcal O_{Y/K}(1)$. These extend to positive characteristic results of Cadoret-Tamagawa and Andr'e in characteristic zero.Chapters ref{chaptermarcuzzo} and ref{chapterpadic} are devoted to the study of the monodromy groups of (over)convergent F-isocrystals. Chapter ref{chaptermarcuzzo} is a joint work with Marco D'Addezio. We study the maximal tori in the monodromy groups of (over)convergent F-isocrystals and using them we prove a special case of a conjecture of Kedlaya on homomorphism of convergent $F$-isocrystals. Using this special case, we prove that if $A$ is an abelian variety without isotrivial geometric isogeny factors over a function field $F$ over $overline{F}_p$, then the group $A(F^{mathrm{perf}})_{tors}$ is finite. This may be regarded as an extension of the Lang--N'eron theorem and answer positively to a question of Esnault. In Chapter ref{chapterpadic}, we define $overline Q_p$-linear category of (over)convergent F-isocrystals and the monodromy groups of their objects. Using the theory of companion for overconvergent F-isocrystals and lisse sheaves, we study the specialization theory of these monodromy groups, transferring the result of Chapter ref{chapterUOIp} to this setting via the theory of companions.The last two chapters are devoted to complements and refinement of the results in the previous chapters. In Chapter ref{chaptertate}, we show that the Tate conjecture for divisors over finitely generated fields of characteristic $p>0$ follows from the Tate conjecture for divisors over finite fields of characteristic $p>0$. In Chapter ref{chapterbrauer}, we prove uniform boundedness results for the Brauer groups of forms of varieties in positive characteristic, satisfying the $ell$-adic Tate conjecture for divisors. This extends to positive characteristic a result of Orr-Skorobogatov in characteristic zero
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48

Hofmann, Walter. "Class field theory for arithmetic schemes." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=985500964.

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49

Xu, Daxin. "Correspondances de Simpson p-adique et modulo pⁿ." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS133/document.

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Cette thèse est consacrée à deux variantes arithmétiques de la correspondance de Simpson. Dans la première partie, on compare la correspondance de Simpson p-adique à un analogue p-adique de la correspondance de Narasimhan et Seshadri pour les courbes sur les corps p-adiques dû à Deninger et Werner. Narasimhan et Seshadri ont établi une correspondance entre les fibrés vectoriels stables de degré zéro et les représentations unitaires du groupe fondamental topologique pour une courbe complexe propre et lisse. Par transport parallèle, Deninger et Werner ont associé fonctoriellement à chaque fibré vectoriel sur une courbe p-adique dont la réduction est fortement semi-stable de degré 0 une représentation p-adique du groupe fondamental de la courbe. Ils se sont posés quelques questions: si leur foncteur est pleinement fidèle ; si la cohomologie des systèmes locaux fournis par leur foncteur admet une filtration de Hodge-Tate ; et si leur construction est compatible avec la correspondance de Simpson p-adique développée par Faltings. On répond positivement à ces questions. La seconde partie est consacrée à la construction d'un relèvement de la transformée de Cartier d'Ogus-Vologodsky modulo pⁿ. Soient W l'anneau des vecteurs de Witt d'un corps parfait de caractéristique p>0, X un schéma formel lisse sur W, X' le changement de base de X par l'endomorphisme de Frobenius de W, X'_2 la réduction modulo p² de X' et Y la fibre spéciale de X. On relève la transformée de Cartier d'Ogus-Vologodsky relative à X'_2. Plus précisément, on construit un foncteur de la catégorie des O_{X'}-modules de pⁿ-torsion à p-connexion intégrable dans la catégorie des O_X-modules de pⁿ-torsion à connexion intégrable, chacune étant soumise à des conditions de nilpotence appropriées. S'il existe un relèvement F: X -> X' du morphisme de Frobenius relatif de Y, notre foncteur est compatible avec le foncteur de Shiho induit par F. Comme application de la transformée de Cartier modulo pⁿ, on donne une nouvelle interprétation des modules de Fontaine relatifs introduits par Faltings et du calcul de leur cohomologie
This thesis is devoted to two arithmetic variants of Simpson's correspondence. In the first part, I compare the p-adic Simpson correspondence with a p-adic analogue of the Narasimhan-Seshadri's correspondence for curves over p-adic fields due to Deninger and Werner. Narasimhan and Seshadri established a correspondence between stable bundles of degree zero and unitary representations of the topological fundamental group for a complex smooth proper curve. Using parallel transport, Deninger and Werner associated functorially to every vector bundle on a p-adic curve whose reduction is strongly semi-stable of degree 0 a p-adic representation of the fundamental group of the curve. They asked several questions: whether their functor is fully faithful; whether the cohomology of the local systems produced by this functor admits a Hodge-Tate filtration; and whether their construction is compatible with the p-adic Simpson correspondence developed by Faltings. We answer positively these questions. The second part is devoted to the construction of a lifting of the Cartier transform of Ogus-Vologodsky modulo pⁿ. Let W be the ring of the Witt vectors of a perfect field of characteristic p, X a smooth formal scheme over W, X' the base change of X by the Frobenius morphism of W, X'_2 the reduction modulo p² of X' and Y the special fiber of X. We lift the Cartier transform of Ogus-Vologodsky relative to X'_2 modulo pⁿ. More precisely, we construct a functor from the category of pⁿ-torsion O_{X'}-modules with integrable p-connection to the category of pⁿ-torsion O_X-modules with integrable connection, each subject to a suitable nilpotence condition. Our construction is based on Oyama's reformulation of the Cartier transform of Ogus-Vologodsky in characteristic p. If there exists a lifting F: X -> X' of the relative Frobenius morphism of Y, our functor is compatible with a functor constructed by Shiho from F. As an application, we give a new interpretation of relative Fontaine modules introduced by Faltings and of the computation of their cohomology
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50

Harding, S. J. "Some arithmetic and geometric problems concerning discrete groups." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370341.

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