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Academic literature on the topic 'Aristote (0384-0322 av. J.-C. ; philosophe) – Philosophie de la nature'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Aristote (0384-0322 av. J.-C. ; philosophe) – Philosophie de la nature"
Dos, Santos Nélio Gilberto. "Préservation et Usage. Le dualisme de la fin chez Aristote." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL142.
Full textAccording to Aristotle, the final cause is twofold, as it indicates in five strategic places of the corpus: concerning the causal relation between finality and matter, in Physics II; with respect to the purpose of animal reproduction, in De Anima II; and a little further on, in this same work, this dualism is affirmed to enlighten the way in which the soul is end for the body; in Eudemian Ethics, where is it to specify the way in which the god is an end for practical wisdom; finally, concerning the teleological causality of the Prime Mover, in Metaphysics Λ. This teleological dualism, formulated in the occurrences of De Anima II through the technical expression τὸ οὗ and τὸ ᾧ, having been developed in a study that has not survived to our times, is frequently understood in terms of purpose in technical production and translated by "purpose" and "beneficiary". However, this attempt to clarify this laconic expression raises quite significant problems, including that of its relevance for the approach of the natural phenomena that it is supposed to explain. This study attempts to restore this dualism of the end at the centre of Aristotelian understanding of teleology. The examination of occurrences, as well as the study of the major themes of finality in Aristotle's philosophy of nature, lead us to put forward two notions that make explicit what the teleological dualism refers to: the notion of usage, χρῆσις, and that of preservation, σωτηρία
Gautier, Timothée. "Législation et éducation dans la politique d' Aristote." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022PA01H214.
Full textIn the first lines of Book VIII of the Politics, Aristotle affirms: “That therefore the legislator should above all be concerned with the education of young people, no one can dispute it. And, indeed, in cities where this is not the case, it is damaging to the constitution.” For Aristotle, the fundamental and primary role of the legislator is to lead the members of the city for which they are responsible to virtue by thereby guaranteeing its stability, its durability and its justice. It is on this pedagogical function of the politician that the present work focuses, which tries to bring to light "the circle of political action" by which good education produces good rulers who, in return, establish a political and pedagogical system favoring the diffusion of virtue in the city. The main challenge of the reflection is to determine the purposes of the action of the true politician and the privileged modalities of his intervention in the city in order to understand how, for Aristotle, a man becomes virtuous. Our intuition is as follows: the pedagogical perspective that can be brought to bear on the political work of Aristotle, from the point of view of the nomothete, makes it possible to understand its coherence and, if not to dissipate, at least to enlighten a certain number of the traditional difficulties encountered by exegesis. This intuition unfolds through three main axes relating to the nature and meaning of Aristotle's political and philosophical project, the purpose of education and the means and modalities of a true paideia
Torrente, Luca. "Génération, nature et individuation chez Aristote." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2022SORUL015.pdf.
Full textMy thesis proposes to examine the problem of individuation in Aristotle’s philosophy from a study on the generation of living beings. This choice has made possible to approach a controversial problem from an almost unprecedented perspective. The first part of the thesis is an analysis of the generation of physical substances in the Aristotelian corpus. This chapter aims to highlight the specific characteristics of the absolute generation of substances in relation to other types of becoming. The second part studies the embryogenesis of the living beings from a perspective that seeks to integrate the hylomorphic model into another, more complex and exhaustive model, which is that of dynamic development. In the third part, the problem of individuation is addressed. We complete the analysis of the animal generation to its end: the development of the hereditary and particular characteristics of each individual. The two best-known theses – the identification of the principle of individuation with matter or form – are discussed and criticized. Finally, a solution is proposed that establishes three particular causes capable of explaining the generation of an individual as an individual, based on a passage from Metaphysics Λ 5. The fourth part considers the specificity of the human being in the question of individuation. It is a question of the individualization of man, the process by which a certain individual seeks to constitute himself as an agent subject and autonomous legal person within a given community
Vanandruel, Jean-Pierre. "L'analyse du mouvement dans les traités de philosophie de la nature et dans les traités métaphysiques d'Aristote." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H230.
Full textAristotle's Metaphysics contains analyses of movement. The present thesis seeks to determine the reasons for their presence in these texts, and the point of view - different from that of physics - under which Aristotle studies what the causes and principles of natural movements are. A study of previous opinions and the construction of correlative aporias shows that Aristotle situates the inquiry of the Metaphysics in continuity with those of other philosophers: the aim is to conceive what the first principles of all things, or of all beings, are, in a way that improves on the Physicists and the Platonists. Now, since he criticises his predecessors’ principles on the ground that they are incapable of explaining natural movements, we can conclude that the solutions conceived by Aristotle do provide first principles capable of accounting for natural movements. The wisdom and the first science of the Metaphysics is, in my view, this search for the first principles and the first causes. This science is the science of substance, and so is distinguished from physical science, in that it establishes that substances are the first principles of all things, and this in three different senses: (1) substances are principles of all things, since without them there can be no other beings and no movement; (2) the form is first substance and principle of compound substances; and, with matter, it is an ungenerated principle for their generations and their movements; (3) there are substances that are prior to natural substances: the ordered movers of the movements of the celestial spheres
Fiat, Éric. "L'oubli de la phusis : du recouvrement par la modernité de la conception aristotélicienne de la nature." Marne-la-Vallée, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2001MARN0114.
Full textChacón, Leiva Natalia. "Βίος et ζωή chez Aristote : qu’est-ce que la vie pour un biologiste?" Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA080042.
Full textThe reconstitution of the notion of life within the ancient philosophy is the principal idea of the present study. The aim is to re-establish the conception of this notion within the Greek language and culture, especially within the knowledge of early philosophers and the philosophy of Aristotle. The arrangement of this contribution is based on the meaning and relation of the words βίος and ζωή, two fundamental terms, exclusive to the Greek language. The first part of the study shed new light on the formal constitution and «original» meaning of these words. In particular the linguistic and cultural factors which converge in their formation and evolution are investigated in detail. The reconstruction of the historical and linguistic context of the words βίος and ζωή gives rise to the second part of the study by the means of reconstructing the notion of life within the poetical tradition and investigation of nature, conducted by the early philosophers. The third part of the study approaches the notion of life in the philosophy of Aristotle from the principle question at issue: whether the idea of life is reduced to the investigation of living organisms and his theory of soul or if it exceeds the biologic purpose to encompass other categories of his philosophy. This analysis of the notion of life within the philosophy of Aristotle is conducted by an integrating and dynamic perspective. The reconstitution of the notion of life in the work of Aristotle leads to a reflection about the closeness of his ideas to anterior investigations of natural objects and processes done by the early philosophers. Apart from being a pioneer in the investigation of life, he is also tributary to a particular kind of thinking in ancient Greece. Aristotle’s way of thinking, although far-reaching, is based within his period and preceding traditions
Cherif, Zahar Farah. "Le traité d’Aristote sur l’éternité du mouvement. Traduction et commentaire de Physique VIII." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040186.
Full textThe dissertation consists of a new translation of the eighth book of Aristotle’s Physics followed by a linear and analytical commentary of the treatise. Based on a study of the contemporary secondary literature and a close examination of the Greek and Arabic exegesis, the aim of this work is to identify and analyse the difficulties of interpretation as well as the philosophical problems that arise inside the Aristotelian system. It demonstrates that Book VIII is all the way long a study of the eternity of motion and gives rise to three very different interpretations according to the way one understands the nature of this eternity. After a presentation of the first reading of the treatise, common to the Neoplatonist tradition (Philoponus and Simplicius) and the first Arabic reception of the text (Fārābī, Ibn Bāǧǧa and the young Averroes), and of the second reading, specific to the late works of Averroes, this research distances itself from both historical interpretations and develops a new reading of the treatise closer to the Aristotelian text
Dos, Santos Nélio Gilberto. "Préservation et Usage. Le dualisme de la fin chez Aristote." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL142.
Full textAccording to Aristotle, the final cause is twofold, as it indicates in five strategic places of the corpus: concerning the causal relation between finality and matter, in Physics II; with respect to the purpose of animal reproduction, in De Anima II; and a little further on, in this same work, this dualism is affirmed to enlighten the way in which the soul is end for the body; in Eudemian Ethics, where is it to specify the way in which the god is an end for practical wisdom; finally, concerning the teleological causality of the Prime Mover, in Metaphysics Λ. This teleological dualism, formulated in the occurrences of De Anima II through the technical expression τὸ οὗ and τὸ ᾧ, having been developed in a study that has not survived to our times, is frequently understood in terms of purpose in technical production and translated by "purpose" and "beneficiary". However, this attempt to clarify this laconic expression raises quite significant problems, including that of its relevance for the approach of the natural phenomena that it is supposed to explain. This study attempts to restore this dualism of the end at the centre of Aristotelian understanding of teleology. The examination of occurrences, as well as the study of the major themes of finality in Aristotle's philosophy of nature, lead us to put forward two notions that make explicit what the teleological dualism refers to: the notion of usage, χρῆσις, and that of preservation, σωτηρία
Doumic, Jacques. "La substance sensible : unicité de la forme substantielle et position de la substance. Essai de philosophie de la nature." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2023. https://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/ulprive/DDOC_T_2023_0121_DOUMIC.pdf.
Full textThe idea of substance is associated to various well-known features: it is the underlying of small-scale changes; it is the subject existing in itself and able to host accidents; it is the individual of choice. Against the price of a vigorous simplification, one can trace this basic model back to Aristotle and Aquinas, and deduce various consequences from it: omnipresence (everything is substance, part of substance, or accident attached to a substance); uniqueness of the substantial form (a set of substances or a part of substance are not substances); univocity (the notion of substance is not susceptible of more and less).A beautiful editorial vivacity can testify that the conceptualization works relating to the substance goes on, with frequent references to ancient authors and in particular to Aristotle. In itself, an oriented cartography of works, especially contemporary ones, constitutes an important task of philosophical synthesis, and one of the objectives of the present thesis. In practice, given the extent of what can be drawn from the Aristotelian corpus and its exegeses, a very important part of the thesis will be devoted to the Aristotelian approach to substance (more than 400 pages). This approach will be completed, in a more succinct way, by the contributions of the Thomistic school : the notion of creation (which, by contraposition, sheds light on the notion of change), the doctrine of analogy, the real distinction between essence and esse and the identification of substance through a particular relation between essence and esse
Vernier, Jean-Marie, and Albert le Grand. "Le Livre sur la nature et l'origine de l'âme d'Albert le Grand : introduction, traduction et notes, suivies de notes complémentaires et de traduction de lieux parallèles pris des Commentaires d'Albert sur la Métaphysique, Le traité de l'âme et la Physique d'Aristote." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040230.
Full textThe Albert the Great's book on nature and origin of the soul: introduction, translation and footnotes, followed by complementary notes and translation of paralell texts taken from Albert the Great's commentaries on Aristotle's Metaphysics, Treatise on the soul and Physics. Age : XIIIth century. Type : Treatise of natural philosophy (in an Aristotelian meaning). Author : Albert the Great (dominican and bishop, Doctor of the Church). Language : medieval latin. Themes : First Treatise : The Intellect's causality on the Nature, the natural being and gradual change; the generation and nature of the vegetative, sensitive and rational soul; the cognitive and motor faculties of the rational soul. Second Treatise : the separation and personal immortality of the soul, the state and the place of the separated soul according to the philosophers, the state of the soul after the death. Main authorities : Plato, Aristotle, Macrobius, Calcidius, Pseudo-Dionysius, Liber De Causis, Avicenna, Averrois. The introduction of this doctoral thesis shows the influence of this Albert's book on Dante (Convivio), Berthold von Moosburg, Guillaume de Vaurouillon, Marsile Ficin