Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Aristote (0384-0322 av. J.-C. ; philosophe) – Pensée politique et sociale'
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Cordell, Paris Crystal. "La science politique d'Aristote : la cité et son régime." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0021.
Full textThis doctoral thesis is an examination of Aristotle's political science. In the first part, the relation between modern political science and Aristotelian political science will be considered. This part includes three lines of argument: a comparison between the ancient conception of the political animal and the modern conception of the individual, originating in a pre-political state of nature; an examination of the modern rejection of Aristotelian teleology; and an analysis of contemporary uses of Aristotle's political science. The second part is devoted to an interpretation of Aristotle's political thought, and to the Aristotelian science of the political regime, in particular. This science is examined through the notions of community (koinônia), political rule (archè politikè), and prudence (phronèsis). These notions will enable us to elucidate crucial analyses concerning the political nature of man; the best regime; and the status of practical and political science
Tchana, Jules. "Pouvoir et autorité : regard aristotélicien sur les rapports entre les sciences politiques (politologie) et la philosophie politique." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010687.
Full textDoes the government of men at whatever level improvise itself? as unlikely for one to note, politics seems to be easily within the grasp of anyone. There are as much of those who prepare themselves in specialized schools before becoming engaged in the professional life as those who think that governing does not need any particular formation. Aristotle recommends the importance of having one who is knowledgeable and well-formed. . . Like in medicine, who is attentive and prudent in various domains in order to improve the situation of men, whether they be numerous or few, and to organize community life. Bodeus maintains that the treatises on ethics and politics of the stagirite are lessons of a philosopher intended for the formation of political men. He uncovers the truth on what is the true human good and the nature of man. He helps them to acquire political excellence (virtue) - that practical disposition rendering one capable of organizing the city throught the formulation of just laws for the perfecting of man's becoming and for the happy life. Experience, a critical aptitude, proven morality, and an excellent education are the prerequisites in order for one to profit well from a philosophical political formation. An inexperienced young man, lacking in education and subject to his passions would be incapable of this formation for his end is in action rather than in knowledge. Unlike plato who wanted that the philosopher become king, aristotle thought that the role of philosopher was to form those who would govern so that they might know how to organize the conditions for the common +good living;, contribute towards the perfecting of man, and ordaining the citizens to a happy life. Such are the three main thrusts of the stagirite's ethi co-political reflection : the conditions of a political +good living)) or the establishment of the excellent constitution; the perfecting of human becoming or the question of education; and finally, the happy life or the determination of the principle of finality of human life. These three points correspond with the three parts of our study : politology (political sciences), education and philosophical politics. The objects of the aristotelean political philosophy are man and the excellent constitution. Having defined in his politics that happiness is an activity of the soul conform with perfect virtue, aristotle then examines
Gautier, Timothée. "Législation et éducation dans la politique d' Aristote." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022PA01H214.
Full textIn the first lines of Book VIII of the Politics, Aristotle affirms: “That therefore the legislator should above all be concerned with the education of young people, no one can dispute it. And, indeed, in cities where this is not the case, it is damaging to the constitution.” For Aristotle, the fundamental and primary role of the legislator is to lead the members of the city for which they are responsible to virtue by thereby guaranteeing its stability, its durability and its justice. It is on this pedagogical function of the politician that the present work focuses, which tries to bring to light "the circle of political action" by which good education produces good rulers who, in return, establish a political and pedagogical system favoring the diffusion of virtue in the city. The main challenge of the reflection is to determine the purposes of the action of the true politician and the privileged modalities of his intervention in the city in order to understand how, for Aristotle, a man becomes virtuous. Our intuition is as follows: the pedagogical perspective that can be brought to bear on the political work of Aristotle, from the point of view of the nomothete, makes it possible to understand its coherence and, if not to dissipate, at least to enlighten a certain number of the traditional difficulties encountered by exegesis. This intuition unfolds through three main axes relating to the nature and meaning of Aristotle's political and philosophical project, the purpose of education and the means and modalities of a true paideia
Couillaud, Bruno. "Le discours rhétorique et le bien de la cité selon Aristote." Paris 4, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040186.
Full textRhetoric, usual weapon of the demagogues or the ambitious, be useful to the politicians? Plato is severe and appears to mean, very unlike his disciple, Aristotle, that we cannot seek for common good using it. Thus we must first settle the legitimacy of rhetoric as a reasoning. Human reason uses it in probable matter, in the field of human conduct, moral or politic, dialectics being directly useful in thought field. However, one and the other are distinct from sophistic and eristic which aim at appearance or error. Then we look for the nature of the practical reasoning at the end of which we apply us to good. The light brought by Aristotle makes us distinguish between politics as certain knowledge which formulates common principles of human conduct and, first of all, common good as end of the city, and prudence which leans upon experience and formulates principles more circumstantial. As examples of practical reasoning, we study two discourses of Pericles and Isocrates. The third part tries at last to bring a solution : speculative and common first, distinguishing practical judgment from the judgment to which the orator leads; practical and applicated then, showing how rhetoric, subordinated to political prudence can serve to the common good of a city. This under three aspects: the one of argumentation where value and efficacy of example and enthymeme are shown; the one of the passions of the hearers, bound to the subjects entered upon by the orator (educator, suitor or counsellor); he must have them become his allies; at last, the one of the moral virtue of the orator who brings the argument of his person itself to oratorical art. Thus, mastering these three gifts, rational, affective and moral, may help serving common good in this part of its quest where speech is conclusive
Pellegrin, Pierre. "Biologie et politique chez Aristote." Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010517.
Full textAluze, Vincent. "Rhétorique et politique dans les "Librorum deperditorum Fragmenta" d'Aristote : avec présentation, édition, traduction, annotations et commentaire des fragments relatifs à la rhétorique, à l'éthique et à la politique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM3111.
Full textThe thesis investigates the relationship between rhetoric, ethics and politics in the fragments of Aristotle’s lost works, and more globally its relation in Aristotle’s entire philosophy. This study intends to understand if Aristotle, in opposition to his predecessors, is the « inventor » of the rhetoric – to which he awards the value of technique with a proper methodology and object in the eponym treatise – from is early years works, or if his conception of it evolved in time. In doing so, and considering the ethico-political aspects of these lost works, the thesis discusses the main interpretative hypothesis that have been proposed on this subject in order to support the theory of Aristotle’s thought consistency, more than its evolution. The study stands in two main parts. The first one consists in the edition, the translation sometimes unprecedented in French language, and the annotation of Librorum deperditorum’s fragments related to rhetoric and politics, including the corresponding critical apparatus. The second inspects the consistency of Aristotle’s thought using the fragments’ comments and in comparison to the works of the sophists (Protagoras, Gorgias, Isocrates, Lycophron), of Plato (Gorgias, Phaedrus) and of the aristotelian treatises. To proceed, a lexical study of the vocabulary used by Aristotle, a philosophic analysis of a few main concepts (andreia, eleutheriotês, eugeneia, metron, orgê, phronêsis) justified by their presence in the fragments and the rest of the Corpus aristotelicum, and a comprehensive textual exegesis have been undertaken
Campbell, Matthieu. "Le plaisir dans la pensée d’Aristote : physiologie, essence, valeur et usage." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040069.
Full textI scrutinize Aristotle’s theory of pleasure by analysing the texts that define the concept as closely as can be, and by assessing the presuppositions and the stakes of this definition within Aristotle’s philosophy as a whole. My study is centred upon a commentary of Nicomachean Ethics X, 3-4 where the status of pleasure is enlightened with precision: located within a unique act of cognition (which is essentially a perfect and perpetual activity), pleasure is both an aspect that reveals our good functioning, and an incentive for us to keep it working in the exact same way. I explore the elements presupposed by this account, elucidating the opposition between “activity” (energeia) and process, and before, giving a new light to the formal features of the paradigm of a pleasant activity, i. e. perception, as it is conceived in the psychological treatises. I also explain how pleasures that do not follow this paradigm, i. e. bodily pleasures, are not seen by Aristotle as some effective pleasures at all. The last phase in this work is devoted to an assessment of the discourse on pleasure according to its aim: delivering to a teacher the knowledge he needs in order to produce virtues and happiness. I underline that, from the elements given by Aristotle, it is difficult, but necessary, to make a distinction between the pleasure one can feel at goodness and this very same goodness towards which one must strive. It is quite as difficult to conceive and evaluate all the forms of pleasure education has to regulate, as well as those that it must lead one to feel (pleasure deriving from the best practice, or from the best contemplation)
Maskaleut, Steve. "Έξις (état) et πως έχειv (se-conduire-d'une certaine-manière) dans la pensée d'Aristote : attitude subjective, forme de l'action et du mouvement." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010628.
Full textGoncalves, de Oliveira Eraci. "Membre articulé : modèle anatomique de l'automotricité dans le De motu animalium d'Aristote : un opérateur de la pensée de l'immanence." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H233.
Full textThis thesis proposes to reflect on the kinetic character of the analogical method adopted in De Motu Animalium of Aristotle. Considering that the object of the treatise is the common cause of the movement of animais, in general, automotricity is the "thème" while the articulated member is the ''phore" in De Motu's analogical reasoning. Hypothetically we consider that the plastic strategies of the analogical method of De motu are the guiding thread of the reasoning undertaken in the research on the common cause of the motility of ail animal movements. Our general double aim is: on the one hand, to take philosophical acquisitions on the immanent character of the principle of movement, and on the other hand, to grasp the kinetic and plastic character of this philosophical enterprise, which involves dynamic methodological procedures in view of the adaptation of the method to the object. We seek to achieve these objectives through two analyses: first, the analysis of the stages of the establishment of the articulated member paradigm (AMP), and then the analysis of the main analogy of the treatise, between the articulated limb and the animated automotricity. Through the two analyses we must gather the necessary elements to confront the two tenns of the main analogy, as well as to verify the general validity of the thesis and also the consideration according to which the analogical method of De Motu Animalium is a plastic instrument of the thought of immanence
Graziani, Françoise. "La pensée fossile mythe et poésie : d’Aristote a Vico." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040187.
Full textThe old dispute between the Philosopher and the Poet, which leads to the dichotomy betweenLogos and Mythos, can be turned into a settlement as long as one changes one’s viewpoint. WhilePlato only considered their difference as a source of discord and division, Aristotle drew from it aPoetic and a Rhetoric, the Renaissance poets a Poetical Philosophy, and Vico a language’sAnthropology and an Archeology of the Thought. What is considered by the Moderns to be a « wildthinking » was seen by the Ancients as an archaic wisdom, expressed through figures and« translating the voices of nature into the language of gods ».The purpose here is to reassess the concepts of Poetic and Mythic thought by adopting theviewpoint of the poets of the Renaissance and the Baroque era. Those cleary identified these twospecific thinkings with the wit’s power to produce metaphors, figures and fictions. In order to achievethis research, it is important to revisit the antic sources, so as to enlight the effective polysemysupporting the ancient ways used to interpret myths. Far from categorising the stance of the physics,the morals and the theology, the Ancients used to gather them into a comprehensive « poeticscience » : it reunited the synthesis of all knowledge but has become a fossilised science
Mansouri, Saber. "Les artisans, les commerçants et la politique à Athènes au IVe siècle av. J. -C. : travail et participation politique." Paris, EHESS, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EHES0130.
Full textThe following research is composed of four sections. After defining the following different notions : craftsmen, traders, politics, chronology and the used sources, comes the first section where a study is made on the links that three intellectuals such as Plato, Aristote and Xenophon, establish between craftsmen, traders and politics. The second section departs from the realm of representation to that of reality : the focus is put on the citizens who work by themselves intrade and craft industry, on those who own workshops, on the mining concessionnaries and on the great traders. Concerning the citizens who work by themselves, their connection with politics is no limited only to their talking part in the assemblies', the tribunals', and the wars meetings. It is also manifested in politics that take place in the trading agora. Many assemblies used to develop in some workshops so as to make discussions, exchange news, coment and criticize a vote or a justice's decision. A place of debate, of information, of exchanging ideas and of misinformation, this informel political space is an open one. Regarding the citizens who own workshops, the mining concessionaries and the great traders, the phenomena that would appear starting from the last quarter of the fifth century, that is, the emergence of men politics coming from the craft industrial and trading environment, will be renforced in the fourth century. In fact, the fourth century Athens is an illustrating example in that witnessed many political leaders coming from economic activities which are not agricultural. The non-citizens, the slaves, the "emancipated", the foreigners, and the offensive foreigners will constitute the major axis of third section. The focus is put on the participation of these homines economici in politics. Finally, the fourth section will concentrate on the relation that links the city to the craftsmen and the trader in general. There will be studied the issues of the city's economic politics, the presence of the craftsmen and the traders in the public decrees and the coming to surface of the political city
Ouail, Assia. "la théologie d'al-farabi et son effet sur sa vision politique : suivant sa tentative de conciliation entre platon et aristote." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Montpellier 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MON30098.
Full textMy study in my thesis is devoted to the study of the mind of the master of the Muslim philosophy al-Farabi in comparison with ancient Greek philosophy of Plato and Aristotle specifically. In my study I try to analyze the theological thought of al-Farabi was very influenced by Plato and Aristotle. In my analysis I have studied the effect of his effort to reconcile the two Greek philosophers while trying to keep the religious aspect of his thought that was very influenced by the Shiites. Thus, in the last chapter I tried to study the effect of his theology on his political vision in his idealism of the virtuous city
Nossenty, Julien. "La phronêsis : une philosophie morale et politique pour repenser le système technicien de santé et médico-social." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Est, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022PESC2002.
Full textPolitics have decided that healthcare institutions must standardize their operating procedures and tend to become an industrial kind of organizations which promote maximal quality, sure well-being and focus on the risk management. Inhibited, hidden, concealed, the individual has become, within this health technostructure, an indicator, a marker of good quality, which we can show off at etablishments' entrance, on those same etablishments' websites, to highlight that quality reigns supreme here. But then, where does the individual stand in this organization ? What about his ideas? Does the individual still own some decision making power? The growth of risk management, technics, biotechnology and doctrine of the absolute quality call us out and remind us the significance of the Aristoltelian concept of « phronèsis ». Highlighting the « phronèsis » concept is necessary here as it puts the individual at the heart of the action and more specifically at the heart of caring to the vulnerable ones. Indeed, the « phronesis » helps us to not standardize the answer to the Individual, especially when this person is disabled or vulnerable. On the contrary, this philosophical and ethical approach gives way to a “praxis” of caring and bet-ter knowlege of the Individual himself. In this thesis, it is interesting to see how the “phronesis” can find its place from the initial caring to the vulnerability. Then, we will consider that it is not necessary to resort to medicalization to deal with handicap; most of the time, it is only a question of how we accept someone's fragility. Accepting means looking at the other as an Individual, considering his own personnality, his peculiarity. For healthcare and social & medical professionnals, caring for someone should mean leave him mak-ing decisions even if it leads to relax the pressure on standardized criterias from heathcare policies. Indeed, vulnerability and handicap are not quantifiable. Caring for a vulnerable individual also means commitment towards him, towards someboby who faces a pain, a personnal and special suffering. That is why, in this thesis, we will try to understand the standards, the norms and the conflict be-tween the wish of higher and higher quality of healthcare's offering and the medical professionnal who have to follow, sometimes reluctancy, a model denying the peculiarity of the Individual. The prupose of this thesis is to agree that the vulnerable people remains an Individual, who keeps the ability of choosing and deciding for his own life and for the support, the help given by the pro-fessionals. This sagacity offers us the possibilty of showing that the “phronesis” must lead the insti-tutions and the medical staff to a more concrete and fairer wisdom witch takes into account the vulnerable individual and recocgnize his importance.The purpose of this thesis is to agree that the vulnerable people remains an individual, who keeps the ability of choosing and deciding for his own life and for the support, the help given by the pro-fessionals. Can the principle of subsidiarity respond to this issue ?
Ribas, Marie-Noëlle. "EMPEIRIA. La querelle de l'expérience (Aristote, Platon, Isocrate)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2015. https://acces.bibliotheque-diderot.fr/login?url=https://doi.org/10.15122/isbn.978-2-406-08717-5.
Full textThis dissertation investigates how Aristotle, Plato and Isocrates use the notion of empeiria and promote a certain conception of experience, in order to defend themselves from the charge of inexperience made against them, and also in order to debate about the question of excellence in the theoretical, technical and practical fields. This study sheds some new lights on ancient empiricism, by investigating, on one hand, Plato’s and Aristotle’s criticism against an empiricist sophistic approach of knowledge and action, and, on the other hand, the so-called Aristotelian empiricism. Although the concept of ‘empiricism’ has no equivalent in Greek, Plato uses the notion of empeiria to designate a non-technical form of action, in order to underlie a lack of technicality and to question the value of what some sophists claim to teach under the name of technai. While insisting on a philosophical kind of experience of truth, Plato criticizes what appears to be the empiricism of those who ignore the theoretical and practical value of the knowledge of intelligible realities. Aristotle goes beyond this stance by re-evaluating positively the role of empeiria, both in its cognitive and practical aspects, as a specific kind of knowledge, derived from sense-perception. He still criticizes the empiricism of those who fail to reach a certain kind of knowledge, namely the knowledge of universals, but also adds a criticism against those who lack the knowledge of particulars acquired through sense-perception and experience.If Aristotle is no more an empiricist than Plato, since he does not recognize sense-perception as the principle of knowledge and as the criterion of the truth, his rationalism is quite different from Plato’s, because of the important role he gives to sense-perception and experience in all areas. This study intends to break through in the direction of some distinctions in ancient philosophy, such as the distinction between Plato’s logical rationalism and Aristotle’s empirical rationalism, which would enable us to re-evaluate the originality of the Ancients on some fundamental issues like the problem of the origin and principle of knowledge and of good action
Alcoloumbre, Thierry. ""Psychè" et "Nefesh" : les rapports de la psychologie et de la morale chez Aristote et Mai͏̈monide." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010674.
Full textAristotle has not formed a definite notion of the human person, but has contributed to it's later development by describing what is specific to the human soul, namely the theoretical and practical foncti ons of the intellect. The human self is not only to be found in the actualization of knowledge but also in practical realizations, either artifacts or moral actions, the latter deriving from moral goodness. Happiness, understood as the fulfillment of human finality, will consequently depend on our decision, within the bounds of our nature, but one happens to fail either by misfortune or for lack of a proper direction. Maïmonides applies his peripatetic views to interprete the jewish anthropology; intellect turns to be what bible calls the "image" of good. But Maïmonides gets rid of aristotle on the main points of his theology: intellection leads to the knowledge of god's unity and will, laying the foundations of a theodicy; moral improvement is necessary to the reach of prophecy, which is the very accomplishment of mond; above all, Torah is a revealed law, and the key to moral accomplishment
Shin, Hyun-Tak. "La grille de lecture de l'économie de marché et du capitalisme chez Aristote, A. Smith, K. Marx et F. Braudel." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100058.
Full textOur study is an reading grid of our main founders of political economy, Aristotle, and this A.Smith and K.Marx and this, through a French historian, F.Braudel, his conceptual tools and problematic issues, in particular, the tripartite of the Economy - Material life, Market economy and Capitalism – he has defended in his book "Material Civilization, Economy and Capitalism XVth-XVIIIth century." We perform a braudelian proofreading or revisits in the source of political economy and of its three main founders mentioned above. We try to verify certain interpretations of theirs concepts of "Market Economy". Our study focus on the relation between the Economics and the Social ethics in our founders of political economy