Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Aristote (0384-0322 av. J.-C. ; philosophe) – Morale'
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Bataillard, Marie-Christine. "La structure de la doctrine aristotélicienne des vertus éthiques." Paris 4, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA040116.
Full textAristotle's doctrine of the moral virtues is not a confuse illustration of his theory that virtue is a mean, but a problematisation of his ethics. The successive analysis of the method in which the virtues are exposed, then of the objective aspects (sphere of each virtue, nomber, ordrer), lastly of the subjective aspects (nature of the mean, vices, excess and defect) leads indeed to determinate two patterns of morality : on the one hand, the moral virtues point out the praise of a well-tempered character, disposed to fulfil the political rules ; on the other hand, they combine desire and reason so that they produce the objective mean (that is a perfect balance of circumstances) and so become not only good, but also noble. This double conception is neither a contradiction nor the sign of an evolution of aristotle's thought ; it must be conserved in the form of the fecund opposition between letter and spirit, this according to the structure of the aristotelian moral doctrine
Tavernier, Frédéric. "Structure d'une philosophie morale selon confucius et aristote." Paris 4, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040135.
Full textRadoilska, Lubomira. "Du projet aristotélicien dans la philosophie morale." Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EHES0004.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to show the plausibility of a moral realism meeting the internalist requirement concerning moral reasons. Such a realist position finds support in the conception of practical rationality as a rationality of ends, implied in Aristotle’s ethics. Therefore I try to explicit an Aristotelian project in moral philosophy by discussing on the one hand questions of recent metaethics and on the other hand topics of Aristotelian philosophy. The first part explains some theoretical difficulties concerning the concepts of truth and objectivity in contemporary moral theory. The second analyses the Aristotelian epistemology, considering ethics as a legitimate field of knowledge. The third criticises the instrumental conception of practical rationality assumed by moral antirealism. The starting point of the argument of the last part is the Aristotelian concept of the inner finality of action. It allows to explicit a substantial conception of practical rationality according to which the cognitive and the motivational aspects of moral judgements are not mutually exclusive
Guremen, Refik. "L'homme, le plus politique des animaux : essai sur les "Politiques" d'Aristote, livre I, chapitre 2." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010678.
Full textThis dissertation is dedicated to an exclusive study of Aristotle's "Politics", I, 2. It aims at analyzing Aristotle's affirmation that human beings are more political than the other political animals (Pol., I, 1, 1253a7-9). According to the most widely shared views about Aristotle's argument here, human beings would be more political either because they are rational, or because they have a natural capacity for speech or because they are perceptive about questions of morality. According to the idea defended in this study, although these exclusively human features are not impertinent to the specific form that human beings' political life takes, human beings' higher degree of politicalness cannot be explained on the basis of them. After a detailed examination of certain difficulties and shortcomings in contemporary commentaries on Politics, l, 2, we develop the thesis that according to Aristotle, the human being is more political because it is a gregarious animal of multiple communities. For Aristotle, human beings develop this multiplicity of communities for the sake of self-sufficiency. In order to show that this thesis is in conformity with Aristotle's other main idea that the polis exists for the sake of living-well, we demonstrate that elements of a different conception of living-well, based more on human being's animality than its rnorality, are present in Aristotle’s work. Aristotle's affirmation that the polis exists for the sake of living-well must be understood in this rather zoological sense of living-well
Zhu, Weijia. "La diffusion et l'influence de la philosophie d'Aristote en Chine à partir des dynasties Ming et Qing." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0014.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the spread and the influence of Aristotle¡¯s ideas in China from the end of the Ming`s Dynasty to the contemporary period. The purpose of this research is to identify the interculturals impacts and to promote the understanding of the dialogues and the exchanges between European and Chinese native culture. It was of great importance to find out the translation of the works and also the specialized research on the philosophy of Aristotle in China. In addition, a comparative study on the philosophy of Aristotle and several major schools of thought in China in some areas, such as the ethics and the education of Confucius, the natural philosophy of Laozi, the logic of Mo Zi and the political thought of Han Feizi. At the end, we try to conclude with the considerable influence of Aristotle in several areas in China. This study is based on a wide series of documents we have got through in France and in China
Aluze, Vincent. "Rhétorique et politique dans les "Librorum deperditorum Fragmenta" d'Aristote : avec présentation, édition, traduction, annotations et commentaire des fragments relatifs à la rhétorique, à l'éthique et à la politique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM3111.
Full textThe thesis investigates the relationship between rhetoric, ethics and politics in the fragments of Aristotle’s lost works, and more globally its relation in Aristotle’s entire philosophy. This study intends to understand if Aristotle, in opposition to his predecessors, is the « inventor » of the rhetoric – to which he awards the value of technique with a proper methodology and object in the eponym treatise – from is early years works, or if his conception of it evolved in time. In doing so, and considering the ethico-political aspects of these lost works, the thesis discusses the main interpretative hypothesis that have been proposed on this subject in order to support the theory of Aristotle’s thought consistency, more than its evolution. The study stands in two main parts. The first one consists in the edition, the translation sometimes unprecedented in French language, and the annotation of Librorum deperditorum’s fragments related to rhetoric and politics, including the corresponding critical apparatus. The second inspects the consistency of Aristotle’s thought using the fragments’ comments and in comparison to the works of the sophists (Protagoras, Gorgias, Isocrates, Lycophron), of Plato (Gorgias, Phaedrus) and of the aristotelian treatises. To proceed, a lexical study of the vocabulary used by Aristotle, a philosophic analysis of a few main concepts (andreia, eleutheriotês, eugeneia, metron, orgê, phronêsis) justified by their presence in the fragments and the rest of the Corpus aristotelicum, and a comprehensive textual exegesis have been undertaken
Campbell, Matthieu. "Le plaisir dans la pensée d’Aristote : physiologie, essence, valeur et usage." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040069.
Full textI scrutinize Aristotle’s theory of pleasure by analysing the texts that define the concept as closely as can be, and by assessing the presuppositions and the stakes of this definition within Aristotle’s philosophy as a whole. My study is centred upon a commentary of Nicomachean Ethics X, 3-4 where the status of pleasure is enlightened with precision: located within a unique act of cognition (which is essentially a perfect and perpetual activity), pleasure is both an aspect that reveals our good functioning, and an incentive for us to keep it working in the exact same way. I explore the elements presupposed by this account, elucidating the opposition between “activity” (energeia) and process, and before, giving a new light to the formal features of the paradigm of a pleasant activity, i. e. perception, as it is conceived in the psychological treatises. I also explain how pleasures that do not follow this paradigm, i. e. bodily pleasures, are not seen by Aristotle as some effective pleasures at all. The last phase in this work is devoted to an assessment of the discourse on pleasure according to its aim: delivering to a teacher the knowledge he needs in order to produce virtues and happiness. I underline that, from the elements given by Aristotle, it is difficult, but necessary, to make a distinction between the pleasure one can feel at goodness and this very same goodness towards which one must strive. It is quite as difficult to conceive and evaluate all the forms of pleasure education has to regulate, as well as those that it must lead one to feel (pleasure deriving from the best practice, or from the best contemplation)
Nossenty, Julien. "La phronêsis : une philosophie morale et politique pour repenser le système technicien de santé et médico-social." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Est, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022PESC2002.
Full textPolitics have decided that healthcare institutions must standardize their operating procedures and tend to become an industrial kind of organizations which promote maximal quality, sure well-being and focus on the risk management. Inhibited, hidden, concealed, the individual has become, within this health technostructure, an indicator, a marker of good quality, which we can show off at etablishments' entrance, on those same etablishments' websites, to highlight that quality reigns supreme here. But then, where does the individual stand in this organization ? What about his ideas? Does the individual still own some decision making power? The growth of risk management, technics, biotechnology and doctrine of the absolute quality call us out and remind us the significance of the Aristoltelian concept of « phronèsis ». Highlighting the « phronèsis » concept is necessary here as it puts the individual at the heart of the action and more specifically at the heart of caring to the vulnerable ones. Indeed, the « phronesis » helps us to not standardize the answer to the Individual, especially when this person is disabled or vulnerable. On the contrary, this philosophical and ethical approach gives way to a “praxis” of caring and bet-ter knowlege of the Individual himself. In this thesis, it is interesting to see how the “phronesis” can find its place from the initial caring to the vulnerability. Then, we will consider that it is not necessary to resort to medicalization to deal with handicap; most of the time, it is only a question of how we accept someone's fragility. Accepting means looking at the other as an Individual, considering his own personnality, his peculiarity. For healthcare and social & medical professionnals, caring for someone should mean leave him mak-ing decisions even if it leads to relax the pressure on standardized criterias from heathcare policies. Indeed, vulnerability and handicap are not quantifiable. Caring for a vulnerable individual also means commitment towards him, towards someboby who faces a pain, a personnal and special suffering. That is why, in this thesis, we will try to understand the standards, the norms and the conflict be-tween the wish of higher and higher quality of healthcare's offering and the medical professionnal who have to follow, sometimes reluctancy, a model denying the peculiarity of the Individual. The prupose of this thesis is to agree that the vulnerable people remains an Individual, who keeps the ability of choosing and deciding for his own life and for the support, the help given by the pro-fessionals. This sagacity offers us the possibilty of showing that the “phronesis” must lead the insti-tutions and the medical staff to a more concrete and fairer wisdom witch takes into account the vulnerable individual and recocgnize his importance.The purpose of this thesis is to agree that the vulnerable people remains an individual, who keeps the ability of choosing and deciding for his own life and for the support, the help given by the pro-fessionals. Can the principle of subsidiarity respond to this issue ?
Alcoloumbre, Thierry. ""Psychè" et "Nefesh" : les rapports de la psychologie et de la morale chez Aristote et Mai͏̈monide." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010674.
Full textAristotle has not formed a definite notion of the human person, but has contributed to it's later development by describing what is specific to the human soul, namely the theoretical and practical foncti ons of the intellect. The human self is not only to be found in the actualization of knowledge but also in practical realizations, either artifacts or moral actions, the latter deriving from moral goodness. Happiness, understood as the fulfillment of human finality, will consequently depend on our decision, within the bounds of our nature, but one happens to fail either by misfortune or for lack of a proper direction. Maïmonides applies his peripatetic views to interprete the jewish anthropology; intellect turns to be what bible calls the "image" of good. But Maïmonides gets rid of aristotle on the main points of his theology: intellection leads to the knowledge of god's unity and will, laying the foundations of a theodicy; moral improvement is necessary to the reach of prophecy, which is the very accomplishment of mond; above all, Torah is a revealed law, and the key to moral accomplishment
Zhu, Weijia. "La diffusion et l'influence de la philosophie d'Aristote en Chine à partir des dynasties Ming et Qing." Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0014.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the spread and the influence of Aristotle¡¯s ideas in China from the end of the Ming`s Dynasty to the contemporary period. The purpose of this research is to identify the interculturals impacts and to promote the understanding of the dialogues and the exchanges between European and Chinese native culture. It was of great importance to find out the translation of the works and also the specialized research on the philosophy of Aristotle in China. In addition, a comparative study on the philosophy of Aristotle and several major schools of thought in China in some areas, such as the ethics and the education of Confucius, the natural philosophy of Laozi, the logic of Mo Zi and the political thought of Han Feizi. At the end, we try to conclude with the considerable influence of Aristotle in several areas in China. This study is based on a wide series of documents we have got through in France and in China
Farina, Flavia. "Gli eph'hemin e l'involontario nell'Etica Eudemia : gli aspetti giuridici e sociali della responsabilità morale in Aristotele." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01H217.
Full textIn the Eudemian Ethics, Aristotle offers a detailed analysis of the eph'hemin, of the voluntary and involuntary, determining the conditions of moral responsibility. Furthermore, moral responsibility is connected by Aristotle with moral appreciation practices, praise and blame, and with juridical practices, punishment and retribution. The aim of this thesis is thus twofold. On one side, it deals directly with the account of voluntary and involuntary action, aiming at reconstructing the account of voluntariness Aristotle offers in the Eudemian Ethics. After having taken into account some of the most fondamental aspects of the eph'hemin, because Aristotle frames the notion of that which depends on us inside a causal theory of action (EE II 6), the specifically human causality is distinguished from other kinds of causalities. I argue that Aristotle's account of voluntariness is to be understood from a perspective that considers the moral agent as a member of the social community, thus showing the social and juridical aspects of Aristotle's ethical theory. Secondly, I argue that the classification of errors Aristotle offers in Nicomachean Ethics book V and the account of voluntariness in EE II 8-9 are compatible and show significant elements of similarity. Finally, after having taken into account some of the most relevant interpretations of the ancient Greek law, I will argue that Aristotle, also by linking his own account of involuntary actions and moral responsibility to juridical practices such as punishment, has introduced new distinctions and specifications that can be useful to the legislators
Campbell, Matthieu. "Le plaisir dans la pensée d’Aristote : physiologie, essence, valeur et usage." Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040069/document.
Full textI scrutinize Aristotle’s theory of pleasure by analysing the texts that define the concept as closely as can be, and by assessing the presuppositions and the stakes of this definition within Aristotle’s philosophy as a whole. My study is centred upon a commentary of Nicomachean Ethics X, 3-4 where the status of pleasure is enlightened with precision: located within a unique act of cognition (which is essentially a perfect and perpetual activity), pleasure is both an aspect that reveals our good functioning, and an incentive for us to keep it working in the exact same way. I explore the elements presupposed by this account, elucidating the opposition between “activity” (energeia) and process, and before, giving a new light to the formal features of the paradigm of a pleasant activity, i. e. perception, as it is conceived in the psychological treatises. I also explain how pleasures that do not follow this paradigm, i. e. bodily pleasures, are not seen by Aristotle as some effective pleasures at all. The last phase in this work is devoted to an assessment of the discourse on pleasure according to its aim: delivering to a teacher the knowledge he needs in order to produce virtues and happiness. I underline that, from the elements given by Aristotle, it is difficult, but necessary, to make a distinction between the pleasure one can feel at goodness and this very same goodness towards which one must strive. It is quite as difficult to conceive and evaluate all the forms of pleasure education has to regulate, as well as those that it must lead one to feel (pleasure deriving from the best practice, or from the best contemplation)
Aluze, Vincent. "Rhétorique et politique dans les "Librorum deperditorum Fragmenta" d'Aristote : avec présentation, édition, traduction, annotations et commentaire des fragments relatifs à la rhétorique, à l'éthique et à la politique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM3111.
Full textThe thesis investigates the relationship between rhetoric, ethics and politics in the fragments of Aristotle’s lost works, and more globally its relation in Aristotle’s entire philosophy. This study intends to understand if Aristotle, in opposition to his predecessors, is the « inventor » of the rhetoric – to which he awards the value of technique with a proper methodology and object in the eponym treatise – from is early years works, or if his conception of it evolved in time. In doing so, and considering the ethico-political aspects of these lost works, the thesis discusses the main interpretative hypothesis that have been proposed on this subject in order to support the theory of Aristotle’s thought consistency, more than its evolution. The study stands in two main parts. The first one consists in the edition, the translation sometimes unprecedented in French language, and the annotation of Librorum deperditorum’s fragments related to rhetoric and politics, including the corresponding critical apparatus. The second inspects the consistency of Aristotle’s thought using the fragments’ comments and in comparison to the works of the sophists (Protagoras, Gorgias, Isocrates, Lycophron), of Plato (Gorgias, Phaedrus) and of the aristotelian treatises. To proceed, a lexical study of the vocabulary used by Aristotle, a philosophic analysis of a few main concepts (andreia, eleutheriotês, eugeneia, metron, orgê, phronêsis) justified by their presence in the fragments and the rest of the Corpus aristotelicum, and a comprehensive textual exegesis have been undertaken
Shin, Hyun-Tak. "La grille de lecture de l'économie de marché et du capitalisme chez Aristote, A. Smith, K. Marx et F. Braudel." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100058.
Full textOur study is an reading grid of our main founders of political economy, Aristotle, and this A.Smith and K.Marx and this, through a French historian, F.Braudel, his conceptual tools and problematic issues, in particular, the tripartite of the Economy - Material life, Market economy and Capitalism – he has defended in his book "Material Civilization, Economy and Capitalism XVth-XVIIIth century." We perform a braudelian proofreading or revisits in the source of political economy and of its three main founders mentioned above. We try to verify certain interpretations of theirs concepts of "Market Economy". Our study focus on the relation between the Economics and the Social ethics in our founders of political economy
Angelis, Nicolas K. "L'être et la justice chez Aristote." Paris 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA020008.
Full textThe being and the justice in accordance with aristotle are examined under the angle of the relationship existing between the knowing subject (man) and the object of knowledge. The knowledge enables the knowing subject to appropriate the qualities of its object and is divided in theory and in practice, in proportion to whether it refers to the universe or the man respectively. Thus the word being means either the universe or the human society. The universe is a total within which are included certain being, i. E. , the substances: god, substances of the heaven (planets) and natural substances (natural bodies). The component elements of the natural substances are the passive material and the active form the cause of the change and movement. The justice refers to the human political society. The unit of social relationships constitutes the particular object of justice. The relationship of governorgoverned is the object of distributive political science. In accordance with aristotle the governing of the state must be committed to the best citizen. The financial relationships and the distribution of wealth is the object of corrective justice
Costa, Iacopo. "Il commento di Radulfo Brito all’"Etica Nicomachea" : Edizione critica del testo con uno studio critico, storico e dottrinale." Paris 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040056.
Full textThis PhD thesis consists in the critical edition of the commentary on the Nicomachean Ethics written by Radulphus Brito (ca. 1295). The critical text is preceded by a critical, historical and doctrinal study, where I examine some philological problems of the transmission of the text, the problem of its authorship, and the doctrines of the text. The text, whose transmission is characterized by fragmentary and reshaped witnesses, seems to represent an important stage of the latin reception of the Nicomachean Ethics at the end of the XIIIth century: his author, Radulphus Brito, a master of arts at the University of Paris at the end of the XIIIth century and at the beginning of the XIVth, deals with the most important moral problems of his age, in the context of the contemporary theological and philosophical debate
Brague, Rémi. "Aristote et la question du monde." Paris 4, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040002.
Full textSome aspects of aristotle's metaphysics, physics, ethics and psychology can be accounted for as dim echoes of a concept a. Never dealt with thematically : being-in-theworld (heidegger's in-der-welt-sein). Classical greek though as a whole, although it was fascinated by the orderliness of the cosmos, hardly asked what being-in-the world means (ch. 1). The experience of facticity, which is one of its main features, enables a. To justify philosophical life in the protrepticus, but he conceives of this life as focussing on contemplation, i. E. Access to what emphatically is (ch. 2). A. Never got rid of this ambiguity, which arises from such a transposition : his ethics bear witness of his hesitating between two subjects of moral life : the i whom it behoves to act, because of his uniqueness, gives way to man as defined by his place among other parts of the universe (ch. 3 & 4). A. Therefore has to define man as the worldliest of all sublunar beings : he imitates the universe thanks to his universality and because he can grasp the highest beings (ch. 5). Nevertheless, a. Cannot define topos - the place in which things are - without his referring to our paculiar way of being there, although he later brings back the idea of universe through his theory of the dimensions of human body as rooted in the objective structure of the cosmos (ch. 6). The difficulties in a. "s definition of the soul as well as in his doctrine of the active intellect stem from his attempt at translating what he silently conceives of as the vey openness of the world through our presence, into the optics of worddly realitywhat compels him to reduce soul to consciousness of what takes place among things of the world. (ch. 7). A. Conceives the universe in a way which leads him to dis- card specifically human motion on behalf of the heavenly beings' absolute continuity. However, the first mover's self-contemplation mirrors the unresolved ambiguity of hu- man energeia : both the pure act of being there and the activity of contemplating the highest being coalesce in it (ch. 8). However, a. 's central ontological concept, en- ergeia, cannot be defined apart from the experience of our being there (ch. 9)
Châteauvieux, Marie de. "Justice et amitié selon Aristote." Paris 4, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA040100.
Full textBégorre-Bret, Cyrille. "Aristote et la définition de l'homme." Paris 10, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA100167.
Full textScholars usually think that Aristode makes a de finition of man. But they don't analyze the different phrases made by Aristode on man through his own conception of de finition. Definition is a very specific kind of sentence which offers the most fondamental scientific knowledge about a being. It must comply certain characteristics. It must in particular be universal, i. E. Hold for ail the deftniendum. But if one tries to collect, compare and scrutinize these different formulas, one can unexpectedly see that none of them can be considered as the definition of man by the Philosopher. The famous phrases describing men as politicaI or rationaI animaIs can't be definitionnal in Aristode's view because they don't fit his own definitional standards: they don't show a characterist universally owned by men and by men only. Aristode's conception of man is not aimed at deflning him but at describing his naturaI features or at showing his dignity
Murgier, Charlotte. "Recherches sur le platonisme d'Aristote et ses limites en philosophie pratique." Lille 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL30052.
Full textThis dissertation challenges the view that the question of Aristotle's relationship to Platonism has been settled, being reduced either to a strong opposition to the theory of Ideas or, following the developmental account, to a progressive departure from platonic views. The notion of Aristotle as a close reader of Plato proves far more enlightening : being problematical rather than doctrinal, his Platonism inherits aporiai rather than claims. This approach gives greater intelligibility to the main concepts of Aristotelian ethics (pleasure, happiness, friendship, phronesis) the genesis of which is indebted to the questions raised in the Dialogues. Furthermore, it enables us to grasp the thread that runs through Aristotle's confrontation with Platonic ethics. Far from being reductible to a simple dismissial of the metaphysics of Ideas, his criticism proceeds more positively, attempting to go beyond the limits of the Platonic account of action, wether they be manifested in the aporiai of friendship or practical knowledge, or in the ethical and ontological condemnation of pleasure, tragedy or democracy. By giving pleasure its dignity and status in the happy life, by accounting for the role of friendship in the virtuous life and by rethinking the kind of knowledge required for acting. Aristotle gives sense and consistency to the various aspects of our practical life. His debate with Platonism enables us to understand how action gives shape to an agent, in that it allows him to fulfil himself. Thus, it elucidates the simple and singular fact that justifies the human need of ethics, namely that a human being has to act in order to be
Pellegrin, Pierre. "Biologie et politique chez Aristote." Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010517.
Full textJaulin, Annick. "Genre, genèse et génération : de l'ousia prôtè chez Aristote." Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010529.
Full textLefebvre, René. "La ressemblance chez Aristote." Paris 4, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA040115.
Full textIt seems that the place of likeness is less important in Aristotle than in Plato and pre-Socratic philosophy: paradigmatism, cratylism, presocratic dynamics or fascination for pseudos and eidola are dead. However, even while breaking, Aristotle goes on speaking of the resemblance of the opposites, and of the likeness of forms in the perceived thing and the perceiving mind. More, he makes likeness become a semantic theme of henology, and lets it go on trying to unify the world, qua analogy in horizontality, and vertical mimesis in cosmo-theology. Dialectic considers it as an indispensable organon of definition, induction and hypothetical reasoning. Thoughts are called homoiomata, and Aristotle discovers phantasia. Contra Plato, he understands what is valuable in poetical mimesis. As a biologist, he stresses upon the resemblance between parents and children, because he considers that reproduction is the perpetuation of a type
Souchard, Bertrand. "Aristote, de la physique à la métaphysique, réceptivité et causalité." Dijon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DIJOL004.
Full textLemaire, Juliette. "La contradiction chez Aristote : analyse et problèmes." Paris 10, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA100088.
Full textAristotle is supposed to be the inventor of the concept of contradiction: contradiction is the opposition between propositions. But, the analysis of the Aristotelian Corpus shows that contradiction may be close to equivocity: contradiction is one of the four ways of saying " to be opposite ", and contradiction is one of the ways propositions oppose each other. How to link the fourfold classification of the different meanings of opposition with the distinction between opposing propositions? Are they complementary or competing divisions? Why is contrariety so close to contradiction? After the study of the texts using and defining contradiction, this thesis presents an analysis of Metaphysics Gamma. Aristotle is facing those who deny the principle of noncontradiction. Besides the nature and the different stages of his argumentation, its analysis leads to discuss the question of a plurality of principles of non-contradiction
Borel, Denis. "L'habitus des principes selon aristote." Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA040213.
Full textMartínez, Lucía. "La théorie du rêve chez Aristote : principes physiologiques et psychologiques." Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040152.
Full textFouoména. "Relativité de l'axiomatisation et vues logistiques de l'ancienne logique : essai sur les restrictions des systèmes d'axiomes formalisés de la syllogistique d'Aristote et de la dialectique des Stoi͏̈ciens en logique formelle contemporaine." Lyon 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO31012.
Full textOur essay analyses the limitations of the formalized and axiomatic interpretations of the theories of the ancient logic, spcially the aristotle's system. On one hand, in relation with the philosophical purposes which found epistemologically the theorical requirements and the semantical nature of the systems of the ancient logic. For, these systems coming within their author's pjilosophical conceptions, their formalization and axiomatization produce a kind of methodical abstraction inside the philosophical doctrines which express their reach. On the other hand, according to the relativity of the foremost notions and axioms which are freely choosen as the indefinable concepts and undemonstrable theorems in the formalized and axiomatic presentation of the aristotle's system. Thus, we settle that, the aristotle's syllogistic could not be interpreted as a formal axiomatic system which brings to the notion of thelogical law. So, like the stoic logic, it should be considered as a inferential system built on the formal inference rules which warrant the security of reasoning. Thereby, their modern readings as the systems of logical laws or thesis, would only have a reducing value which rectify and roughly adapt them to the methods of new logic
Journée, Gérard. ""Rien ne saurait naître de rien" : l'émergence du problème de l'être dans la philosophie préplatonicienne." Lille 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LIL30005.
Full textAccording to Aristotle, "nothing should come from what-is-not" had constituted the physicians' common opinion. This claim seems to be linked to his other idea that all physicians, from Thales to Democritus, had renounced the notion of coming-to-be in the strict sense. Many modern scholars want yet to see in this principle the work of Parmenides : he would indeed have enounced it for the first time in his Poem in view to destroy precisely coming-to-be. This conception has made a lot to change the modern perception of the thinkers before Parmenides, especially the Milesians. However, is it possible to deny them an implicit respect, at least, for the principle ? And if it is not the case, is it possible to claim that the principle constitutes immediately a principle of no-becoming ? In this study, we will wonder about the schemes linked to natural causality in Milesian philosophy, about their relations with the classical problem of conservation and the absence of coming-to-be in the strict sense. From Aristotle, we will wonder about the conceptions which are reasonably ascribable to Milesians. We will then study the occurences of the principle in the work of Parmenides and in the physics of the fifth century B. C. : Anaxagoras, Empedocles and Democritus
Ducos, Joëlle. "La météorologie en français : réception des Météorologiques d'Aristote (XIIIe et XIVe siècles)." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA040305.
Full textThe object of this research is to investigate the mediaeval reception in French of Aristotle’s Meteorologica. Through a comparative examination of French and Latin translators ‘practices in the 13th and 14th centuries, a preliminary analysis of the difficulties of the translation from Aristotle is carried out, bringing to light the mediaeval definition of an Aristotelian text. A lexis of meteorology gradually forms up and the semantic field of air exemplifies the alterations in the language induced by those translations. The scholastic reading of Meteorologica reveals a multifarious questioning, while meteorology seems a merely marginal concern. Rational reflection on hydrometeors and wind however takes shape, involving original developments, and indue course, the observation of the real as well. On the contrary, the French Encyclopaedia, in constructing a synthesis of all cultures, apparently does not popularize the newest advances of knowledge. In fact, as an echo of the disputes of scholastics, it requires several levels of reading. French meteorology thus appears as the outcome of a cultural encounter rather than the reflection of popular lore. It evidences how difficult it was for Aristotelian theories to be assimilated, on account of epistemological obstacles and of a still present underlying symbolism. Nevertheless, thanks to Aristotle, a French discourse on meteorology was building up
Zingano, Marco Antonio de Avila. "Vertu et délibération : une étude de la notion de prohairesis chez Aristote." Paris, EHESS, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993EHESA311.
Full textThe concept of prohairesis (choice) is one of the most important in aristotle's ethics. This thesis is divided into three chapters : the first one introduces the concepts of reason and practical reason; the second one discusses ethical choice and ethical virtue; the third and last one, which serves as a conclusion, deals with the meaning of happiness and the types of life in aristotle's ethics
Crubellier, Michel. "Il libro Lambda della Metafisica di Aristotele." Lille 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL30082.
Full textViano, Cristina. "Héraclite dans Aristote." Paris 4, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040138.
Full textThe subject of this research is heraclitus' aristotelician source. The conceptual schemas through which aristotle exposes the ephesian's doctrine consist of two main themes one can also find in plato : being and becoming. Heraclitus is an ancient physiologist and according to him fire is the material cause and the arche (the principe of all beings). The choice of fire seems to distinguish him as "the most coherent" with monist vision of reality. In fact aristotle says that caracteristics of fire are extreme and belont more to form than to matter. Continuously all things have their origin in fire and come back to him. This becoming looks like a river stream. The only "persisting" thing is fire. Heraclitus' knowledge and ethics are in his physiology of fire. The resulting image is a total thought without qualitative breaks. Aristotle offen alludes to the heracliteans' mediation, of whose cratylus is the most representative. Heraclitismus appears as a theoretical involution : cratylus forgets ontological element of arche and makes absolue the river's speed and renonces to knowledge and to words. Heraclitus' sceptical interpretation begins in aristotle's source. The doctrine of becoming follows an ideal line which begins in poetical past, reaches his hight speculative level in heraclitus, and falls into decline with heracliteans' agnosticism, the echos of whose will get to sceptics
Sohn, Yun-Rak. "Hylê au seuil de l’ontologie : une recherche sur l’Etre et la matière chez Aristote." Paris 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040098.
Full textDealing with the notion of matter in Aristotle, this thesis takes a critical regard to the traditional interpretation that considers the problem of matter as a burden on the Aristotelian ontology. In effect, the charge on this theory is caused not only by matter but by the fact that it has a frame of hylomorphism. The study begins by seizing a strange concept in Metaphysics Z 3, the matter qua subject, and this qua substance, from which issue two puzzling questions : that of prime matter and of substantial predication. The author makes an analysis on passages of the Categories, and enlarges his research in Aristotle’s texts of natural philosophy such as the Physics, On the Heavens, and On generation and corruption, and will return in the Metaphysics for an attempt to answer some important ontological questions
Mittelmann, Jorge. "La cohérence de l'hylémorphisme : problèmes d’ontologie soulevés par la conception aristotélicienne de l’âme." Paris 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040018.
Full textThe dissertation discusses the strain that the Aristotelian formula of soul imposes on the basic categories of natural philosophy, challenging the expectations of a literal transposition of those categories to the explanation of the relationship between body and soul. The usual analysis of a hylomorphic composite into matter and form is disturbed by the irruption of a substrate which is animate per se, whereas it is supposed to have life potentially. This difficulty invites an examination of those usual articulations called into question by psychology, and requires bringing in some adjustments, in order to save the coherence of the whole definitional enterprise. Following the exposition of the troubles which faces the general project of defining sensible composites, the dissertation suggests an interpretative hypothesis as to the ontological status that should be bestowed on the relata of a matter–form relationship. Accordingly, the categorical demarcation between function and object is taken into account, given that it displays certain conceptual features that could help to clear up some of the issues involved in the Aristotelian distinction. A discussion of the different ways of “having life potentially” closes the work, which proposes to read the seemingly awkward potentiality of the body in the light of the connection between blood and its natural heat, sketched in the treatise on the Parts of Animals
Magoulas, Charalampos. "Aristote dans les théories sémiotiques contemporaines." Besançon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BESA1001.
Full textAristotle's philosophy has given the ground to scientific debates since the antiquity. We have chosen to study the reception of the philosopher's thought and the means of its interpretation, appropriation and transformation in the modern semiotic theories in order to illuminate some specific domains of the modern semiotic theory such as discourse analysis, semiotics of reception and the relation between semiotics and philosophy of language. The founding hypothesis of this research is that the investigation of the references to Aristotle in the semiotic texts can bring to light the differences between the Paris School of semiotics and Eco as far as it concerns the methodological basis on which they found their semiotics (linguistics for the Paris School and philosophy for Eco) and the filters they use in the treatment of modern semiotic questions such as everyday and literary speech, the image and art. From this differentiation derives the epistemological question about the connection and the continuity of the disciplines of language in the scientific area (ontology, philosophy of language, semiotics, semantics, rhetorics) and time (antiquity, the middle ages, today). This thesis demonstrates the necessity of an interdisciplinary approach of communicatory activities by applying this methodological point of view to the examination of two fields of the modern problematics in semiotics, the theory of sign and the semiotics of reception. The interdisciplinary work in humanities and social sciences should be valued in the future research on human communication
Xiao, Lin. "Confucius et Aristote : éléments d'un essai de comparaison -le "Ren", la vertu, le juste milieu- à partir des textes originaux et de traductions françaises." Limoges, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIMO2002.
Full textConfucius and Aristote are among the great thinkers of the "axial age" (Karl Jaspers). Value systems built during this period found and nurture the thoughts of humanity until today. So what are the conceptions of men for this two sages? How do they build the ideals of human relations? What are the contextual factors that underlie their thoughts? Through a new and constrastive analysis of the thoughts of Confucius and Aristote, concepts and words, Chinese and Greek, we try to present this work to highlight what are their common and complementary ideas beyond their differences
Cordell, Paris Crystal. "La science politique d'Aristote : la cité et son régime." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0021.
Full textThis doctoral thesis is an examination of Aristotle's political science. In the first part, the relation between modern political science and Aristotelian political science will be considered. This part includes three lines of argument: a comparison between the ancient conception of the political animal and the modern conception of the individual, originating in a pre-political state of nature; an examination of the modern rejection of Aristotelian teleology; and an analysis of contemporary uses of Aristotle's political science. The second part is devoted to an interpretation of Aristotle's political thought, and to the Aristotelian science of the political regime, in particular. This science is examined through the notions of community (koinônia), political rule (archè politikè), and prudence (phronèsis). These notions will enable us to elucidate crucial analyses concerning the political nature of man; the best regime; and the status of practical and political science
Couillaud, Bruno. "Le discours rhétorique et le bien de la cité selon Aristote." Paris 4, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040186.
Full textRhetoric, usual weapon of the demagogues or the ambitious, be useful to the politicians? Plato is severe and appears to mean, very unlike his disciple, Aristotle, that we cannot seek for common good using it. Thus we must first settle the legitimacy of rhetoric as a reasoning. Human reason uses it in probable matter, in the field of human conduct, moral or politic, dialectics being directly useful in thought field. However, one and the other are distinct from sophistic and eristic which aim at appearance or error. Then we look for the nature of the practical reasoning at the end of which we apply us to good. The light brought by Aristotle makes us distinguish between politics as certain knowledge which formulates common principles of human conduct and, first of all, common good as end of the city, and prudence which leans upon experience and formulates principles more circumstantial. As examples of practical reasoning, we study two discourses of Pericles and Isocrates. The third part tries at last to bring a solution : speculative and common first, distinguishing practical judgment from the judgment to which the orator leads; practical and applicated then, showing how rhetoric, subordinated to political prudence can serve to the common good of a city. This under three aspects: the one of argumentation where value and efficacy of example and enthymeme are shown; the one of the passions of the hearers, bound to the subjects entered upon by the orator (educator, suitor or counsellor); he must have them become his allies; at last, the one of the moral virtue of the orator who brings the argument of his person itself to oratorical art. Thus, mastering these three gifts, rational, affective and moral, may help serving common good in this part of its quest where speech is conclusive
Kim, Heon. "Logoi devant la foule : la rhétorique et la poétique selon Aristote." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STR20002.
Full textIn the Aristotelian philosophy, the rhetoric and the poetics are part of the productive science. The philosopher endeavars to give the theoretical base to the practice in the two verbal creations. .
Brière, Véronique. "Langage, sémantique et ontologie : une étude de la problématique catégoriale dans l'oeuvre d'Aristote (Des Catégories aux catégories)." Paris 10, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA100171.
Full textThis dissertation interrogates the notion of categories in Aristotle's work in ils various formulations as it ranges across the registers of physics and metaphysics, dialectics, and logic. A detailed rereading of Categories that focuses on Aristotle's interpretation of the origins of the ontological aporias -- of Platonism in particular-- reveals how the text adumbrates a philosophical strategy meant to deconstruct such aporias. A reading of On Sophistical Refutations, of Topics, and Prio rAnalytics confirms that at the basis of ibis strategy is a reflection on semantics. Semantics, however, cannot be reduced to ontology, although it is founded upon it. Rather, it represents the means to establish a new ontology. Consequently, categories should be understood as unity forms, and forms for determination, which supplant the domination of the logic of substance. As for metaphysics, it does not reduce categories to "genres" that would replace platonic ones (Sophist) nor to ontological accidents of substance. At stake here is the reinterpretation of the entire study of ousia in metaphysics as much as the supposed status of « categories. » My aim is to foreground the full scope of Aristotle's conceptualization of language, for it is neither a work of strict formalism nor simply a work on the rules of common speech. Not even the apophantic perspective of the sciences can ignore the semantic nature of language and the fact that the symbolic function it supposedly guarantees is thrown into question. This dissertation connects the understanding of katêgorein to Aristotle's interpretation of the aporias of Platonism, of the Eleates and of the physiologues. It connects it as well to what constitutes sophistics, i. E. The absence of semantics, a saturation based on the conflation of all units of meaning as well ac of any determined unit, with the form of substance, tode it. It is precisely against this dominant scheme, thought to be deleterious for language and ontology both, that Aristotle generates the concepts of categories. For this reason, I argue, we must no longer interpret categories as forms imposed on logos in predication or as types of "things" reduced to a naïve phenomenology. This new approach, rather, invites us to trace, from one text to another and within given texts, metaphorical slippages responsible for the ontological transformation of certain notions
Timbert, Anne. "Individuations manières d'être." Nice, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NICE2004.
Full textHow can we speak of individuation? How far can we go into individuations? Twenty four centuries separate these two ways of considerating the same question. Through those two interrogation means Aristote and G. Deleuze seem both to refer the question of individuation to that of consistency, but through very different ways. If the problem of consistency has still a sens outside the thought of substance, then what does that kind of non-substantial consitency cover? Indeed, individuals differ, distinguish themselves the one from the other. But does this statement concern the question of individuation to such an extent? Philosophers (like H. Bergson, M. Merleau-ponty, G. Simondon) but artists as well (P. Cezanne, P. Klee, A. Artaud, M. Blanchot) will help us no doubt to lay out the essential stakes of such an interrogation. In fact, we can wonder wether we do not always differ from someone or something according to extrinsic differences - whereas we become the patient of an individuating difference as we actualize a background or as we resolve a given configuration of problematic regions according to the scope of a certain ability or singular way of being
Martini, Bernard. "Les éléments d'Euclide et l'épistémologie aristotélicienne." Aix-Marseille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX10029.
Full textRichard, Christophe. "La théorie aristotélicienne de la mimesis poétique." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010562.
Full textStudy of Aristotle's poetics aiming at showing the original feature of the Aristotelian conception of the poetical "mimesis" and this, in comparison with the platonic approach of the question. Tn this aim, the following points will be analyzed : the origin (nature), the different domains where it can be found (education, poetical expression, painting, music) as well as the main effects (pleasure, purification) characteristic of the "mimesis" determined by Aristotle
Dorion, Louis-André. "Les réfutations sophistiques d'Aristote : introduction, traduction et commentaire." Paris 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA010535.
Full textThis thesis on the sophistical refutations of Aristotle is divided into three main sections: an introduction, a translation and a commentary. The introduction subdivides itself in two parts; in the first part we relate the semantic evolution of the term elenchus ("refutation"). This evolution is altogether remarkable as this word originally signifies "shame". We attempt to demonstrate that Aristotle’s' definition of elenchus is a radical break from the traditional conception that had prevailed from homer to Plato inclusively. Aristotle’s' definition, which is purely logical, is in fact opposed to an ethical conception of elenchus. Next we submit an overall view of the sophistical refutations and examine in detail the main interpretative problems that arise in this text. Our translation of the sophistical refutations differs in several places from the two other French translations of this essay, both the one by J. Barthelemy Saint-Hilaire (1843) and the one by J. Tricot (1939). The commentary is composed of 472 notes attempting to confer a maximum of clarity to this often difficult text by Aristotle. It fills a blatant void, since the last overall study of the sophistical refutations goes back to 1866
Guéguen, Haud. "La mesure du possible chez Aristote : étude sur la notion aristotélicienne de "dunaton"." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010692.
Full textLabarrière, Jean-Louis. "L'intelligence et la vie des animaux selon Aristote." Paris, EHESS, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EHES0034.
Full textGautier, Timothée. "Législation et éducation dans la politique d' Aristote." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022PA01H214.
Full textIn the first lines of Book VIII of the Politics, Aristotle affirms: “That therefore the legislator should above all be concerned with the education of young people, no one can dispute it. And, indeed, in cities where this is not the case, it is damaging to the constitution.” For Aristotle, the fundamental and primary role of the legislator is to lead the members of the city for which they are responsible to virtue by thereby guaranteeing its stability, its durability and its justice. It is on this pedagogical function of the politician that the present work focuses, which tries to bring to light "the circle of political action" by which good education produces good rulers who, in return, establish a political and pedagogical system favoring the diffusion of virtue in the city. The main challenge of the reflection is to determine the purposes of the action of the true politician and the privileged modalities of his intervention in the city in order to understand how, for Aristotle, a man becomes virtuous. Our intuition is as follows: the pedagogical perspective that can be brought to bear on the political work of Aristotle, from the point of view of the nomothete, makes it possible to understand its coherence and, if not to dissipate, at least to enlighten a certain number of the traditional difficulties encountered by exegesis. This intuition unfolds through three main axes relating to the nature and meaning of Aristotle's political and philosophical project, the purpose of education and the means and modalities of a true paideia
Dos, Santos Nélio Gilberto. "Préservation et Usage. Le dualisme de la fin chez Aristote." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL142.
Full textAccording to Aristotle, the final cause is twofold, as it indicates in five strategic places of the corpus: concerning the causal relation between finality and matter, in Physics II; with respect to the purpose of animal reproduction, in De Anima II; and a little further on, in this same work, this dualism is affirmed to enlighten the way in which the soul is end for the body; in Eudemian Ethics, where is it to specify the way in which the god is an end for practical wisdom; finally, concerning the teleological causality of the Prime Mover, in Metaphysics Λ. This teleological dualism, formulated in the occurrences of De Anima II through the technical expression τὸ οὗ and τὸ ᾧ, having been developed in a study that has not survived to our times, is frequently understood in terms of purpose in technical production and translated by "purpose" and "beneficiary". However, this attempt to clarify this laconic expression raises quite significant problems, including that of its relevance for the approach of the natural phenomena that it is supposed to explain. This study attempts to restore this dualism of the end at the centre of Aristotelian understanding of teleology. The examination of occurrences, as well as the study of the major themes of finality in Aristotle's philosophy of nature, lead us to put forward two notions that make explicit what the teleological dualism refers to: the notion of usage, χρῆσις, and that of preservation, σωτηρία
Gain, Frédéric. "Logos et genesis : étude sur les modalités d'une approche rationnelle du devenir chez Platon et Aristote." Lille 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LIL30034.
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