Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Aristote (0384-0322 av. J.-C. ; philosophe) – Influence'
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Brague, Rémi. "Aristote et la question du monde." Paris 4, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040002.
Full textSome aspects of aristotle's metaphysics, physics, ethics and psychology can be accounted for as dim echoes of a concept a. Never dealt with thematically : being-in-theworld (heidegger's in-der-welt-sein). Classical greek though as a whole, although it was fascinated by the orderliness of the cosmos, hardly asked what being-in-the world means (ch. 1). The experience of facticity, which is one of its main features, enables a. To justify philosophical life in the protrepticus, but he conceives of this life as focussing on contemplation, i. E. Access to what emphatically is (ch. 2). A. Never got rid of this ambiguity, which arises from such a transposition : his ethics bear witness of his hesitating between two subjects of moral life : the i whom it behoves to act, because of his uniqueness, gives way to man as defined by his place among other parts of the universe (ch. 3 & 4). A. Therefore has to define man as the worldliest of all sublunar beings : he imitates the universe thanks to his universality and because he can grasp the highest beings (ch. 5). Nevertheless, a. Cannot define topos - the place in which things are - without his referring to our paculiar way of being there, although he later brings back the idea of universe through his theory of the dimensions of human body as rooted in the objective structure of the cosmos (ch. 6). The difficulties in a. "s definition of the soul as well as in his doctrine of the active intellect stem from his attempt at translating what he silently conceives of as the vey openness of the world through our presence, into the optics of worddly realitywhat compels him to reduce soul to consciousness of what takes place among things of the world. (ch. 7). A. Conceives the universe in a way which leads him to dis- card specifically human motion on behalf of the heavenly beings' absolute continuity. However, the first mover's self-contemplation mirrors the unresolved ambiguity of hu- man energeia : both the pure act of being there and the activity of contemplating the highest being coalesce in it (ch. 8). However, a. 's central ontological concept, en- ergeia, cannot be defined apart from the experience of our being there (ch. 9)
Viano, Cristina. "Héraclite dans Aristote." Paris 4, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040138.
Full textThe subject of this research is heraclitus' aristotelician source. The conceptual schemas through which aristotle exposes the ephesian's doctrine consist of two main themes one can also find in plato : being and becoming. Heraclitus is an ancient physiologist and according to him fire is the material cause and the arche (the principe of all beings). The choice of fire seems to distinguish him as "the most coherent" with monist vision of reality. In fact aristotle says that caracteristics of fire are extreme and belont more to form than to matter. Continuously all things have their origin in fire and come back to him. This becoming looks like a river stream. The only "persisting" thing is fire. Heraclitus' knowledge and ethics are in his physiology of fire. The resulting image is a total thought without qualitative breaks. Aristotle offen alludes to the heracliteans' mediation, of whose cratylus is the most representative. Heraclitismus appears as a theoretical involution : cratylus forgets ontological element of arche and makes absolue the river's speed and renonces to knowledge and to words. Heraclitus' sceptical interpretation begins in aristotle's source. The doctrine of becoming follows an ideal line which begins in poetical past, reaches his hight speculative level in heraclitus, and falls into decline with heracliteans' agnosticism, the echos of whose will get to sceptics
Zhu, Weijia. "La diffusion et l'influence de la philosophie d'Aristote en Chine à partir des dynasties Ming et Qing." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0014.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the spread and the influence of Aristotle¡¯s ideas in China from the end of the Ming`s Dynasty to the contemporary period. The purpose of this research is to identify the interculturals impacts and to promote the understanding of the dialogues and the exchanges between European and Chinese native culture. It was of great importance to find out the translation of the works and also the specialized research on the philosophy of Aristotle in China. In addition, a comparative study on the philosophy of Aristotle and several major schools of thought in China in some areas, such as the ethics and the education of Confucius, the natural philosophy of Laozi, the logic of Mo Zi and the political thought of Han Feizi. At the end, we try to conclude with the considerable influence of Aristotle in several areas in China. This study is based on a wide series of documents we have got through in France and in China
Girard, Charles. "Le réalisme des relations : étude des réponses apportées au problème de la différence entre la relation et son fondement (1250-1350)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040047.
Full textWhether relation is really distinct from its foundation or not is a question that can easily be found in medieval texts from the mid-thirteenth century onwards. It comes from an aristotelian background, the discussion about the categories, and asks if the category of relation really posits another thing, i.e. a relation, in reality. It results from a realist perspective on relations. In fact, most thirteenth and fourteenth century thinkers held without doubt that things outside the mind are really connected between them. Two men sharing the same height are really equal, that is, really linked to each other by a relation of equality. What is then left to understand is how these things are linked between them, or the exact nature of the aforementioned relation. Should we say that the equality in each of the equally sized men is a new thing that adds to the substance of each of them and to the accidents of height, belonging tho the category of quantity, on which these relations are founded? Or should we say that equality is real in another way, that is, without adding a new thing to the subject acquiring it? We can already find this issue in Aristotle himself, emerging from disagreeing texts devoted to this category. It received various answers that enable us to understand better how reality was defined in the Middle Age and some of the ontological debates of the time. The work that is here summed up attempts to precisely delineate these various answers and to provide a way of classifying them
Manzini, Frédéric. "Spinoza : lecteur d'Aristote." Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040157.
Full textVernier, Jean-Marie, and Albert le Grand. "Le Livre sur la nature et l'origine de l'âme d'Albert le Grand : introduction, traduction et notes, suivies de notes complémentaires et de traduction de lieux parallèles pris des Commentaires d'Albert sur la Métaphysique, Le traité de l'âme et la Physique d'Aristote." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040230.
Full textThe Albert the Great's book on nature and origin of the soul: introduction, translation and footnotes, followed by complementary notes and translation of paralell texts taken from Albert the Great's commentaries on Aristotle's Metaphysics, Treatise on the soul and Physics. Age : XIIIth century. Type : Treatise of natural philosophy (in an Aristotelian meaning). Author : Albert the Great (dominican and bishop, Doctor of the Church). Language : medieval latin. Themes : First Treatise : The Intellect's causality on the Nature, the natural being and gradual change; the generation and nature of the vegetative, sensitive and rational soul; the cognitive and motor faculties of the rational soul. Second Treatise : the separation and personal immortality of the soul, the state and the place of the separated soul according to the philosophers, the state of the soul after the death. Main authorities : Plato, Aristotle, Macrobius, Calcidius, Pseudo-Dionysius, Liber De Causis, Avicenna, Averrois. The introduction of this doctoral thesis shows the influence of this Albert's book on Dante (Convivio), Berthold von Moosburg, Guillaume de Vaurouillon, Marsile Ficin
Zhu, Weijia. "La diffusion et l'influence de la philosophie d'Aristote en Chine à partir des dynasties Ming et Qing." Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0014.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the spread and the influence of Aristotle¡¯s ideas in China from the end of the Ming`s Dynasty to the contemporary period. The purpose of this research is to identify the interculturals impacts and to promote the understanding of the dialogues and the exchanges between European and Chinese native culture. It was of great importance to find out the translation of the works and also the specialized research on the philosophy of Aristotle in China. In addition, a comparative study on the philosophy of Aristotle and several major schools of thought in China in some areas, such as the ethics and the education of Confucius, the natural philosophy of Laozi, the logic of Mo Zi and the political thought of Han Feizi. At the end, we try to conclude with the considerable influence of Aristotle in several areas in China. This study is based on a wide series of documents we have got through in France and in China
Yokoyama, Yoshiji. "La grâce et l’art du comédien : conditions théoriques de l’exclusion de la danse et du chant dans le théâtre des Modernes." Paris 10, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA100018.
Full textAfter the Renaissance a unique theatre genre gradually developed in certain modern societies (in particular in France) which excluded singing and dancing. The aim of my study is to clarify the motivations and significance of this exclusion through an analysis of the historical development of the notion of "grace", a central concept in the modern actor's art. In sociological terms, my conclusion is simple: an actor in modern theatre refrained from dancing and singing because his mode) was the Roman orator, not ancient Roman actors who sang and danced. The Roman notion of gratia represented the orator's body, which strived to be as far removed as possible from that of professionals of physical techniques. The ideology of Roman rhetoric made its way into the modern actor's art through theatrical practices that were carried out in the framework of a humanist education, "reviving" ancient theatre in a totally different form. The history of the idea is more complex, however. Whereas, in the Archaic Period, the notion of grace - kharis in Greek - represented the charm of dance and song, in the later Hellenistic Period it embodied the Aristotelian critique of the spectacular. Gratia in Roman rhetoric received this paradoxical history as its legacy. "Grace" to the moderns was based on the theatrical mode) of truth established by Aristotle. In this sense, modern theatre is a vector of the Aristotelian morphology of the truth: the truth is told when the body remains Bilent
El, Hachimi Lucile. "Métaphysique et perfection : l’articulation fārābīenne du théorique et du pratique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL111.
Full textThis PhD thesis is a study of the thought of al-Fārābī, the first of the main Aristotelian Arabic philosophers, and presents it as a systematic philosophy of realisation. Starting with the problematic crux of the articulation between the theoretical and the practical, it questions the totalizing unification that characterizes the “Second Master’s” work. Our hypothesis is that this realisation, both in its intensive form as completion and its extensive form as integration, takes place through a redefinition of two (neo-)Aristotelian concepts: metaphysics and perfection. These two notions, that al-Fārābī transforms in order to offer answers to tensions proper to the Aristotelian positions, lead to an original philosophical system. The notion of fiṭra, which defines the Fārābīan human figure, is based on Alexander of Aphrodisias’ essentialist interpretation of perfection. It enables an elaboration of human nature as a disposition in the logic of substantialization. With this new concept, al-Fārābī inscribes a dynamic at the heart of the substance while rendering its completion essential. From this foundational step, he erects a genuine practical science built around the deliberative virtue and the rules it produces. This is only possible through major ontological transformations: thus the concept of thing appears, as well as the formal ontology it enables and the distinction between essence and existence which it presupposes. Through his substantialization, the philosopher offers everyone their realisation in the form of religion, so that his political action enables the architectonic integration of all existents, hence showing what it is to be a principle
Rua, Zarauza Begoña. "Ricoeur. L'historicité de la liberté." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0185.
Full textA wide preface opens this work, therefore, to explain Ricceur's major philosophical presuppositions about the question of freedom. 1) Chapters I and II are devoted to show the theoretical assumptions of Ricosur about freedom and 2) Chapters III, IV and V are the development and implementation of such presuppositions. Moreover, an important part of the work is built around what I consider as his three masterpieces: The Rule of Metaphor, Time and Narrative and Oneself as Another. Starting from the presuppositions treated on the preface and on chapters I and II, these works attain its unity in relation to historicity of freedom. It is thus concluded that it is not a matter of freedom restricted to its essential characteristics, but to the understanding of what freedom is in the world, among human works (namely the most important, the work's written such as laws, literature, history, holy books. . . ), and what it is in time. It is also understood the turning point of contemporary philosophy to hermeneutics, to textual hermeneutics in the case of Ricceur, and how convincing is that stories have a cognitive aspect completely legitimate. Finally, if there is an expression of Ricceur that evokes this issue in all its density is as follows: "Everything that is recounted occurs in time, takes time and unfolds temporally. " ("De l'lnterpretation" Du texte a Taction, Ed. Poche "Points-Essais, 377", Paris, Seuil, 1998)
Di, Martino Carla. ""Ratio particularis". Immaginazione, cogitativa ed estimativa da Ibn Sînâ a Tommaso d'Aquino : Contributo allo studio della tradizione arabo-latina della psicologia di Aristotele." Paris, EPHE, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EPHE5015.
Full textThrough an aware methodological choice, this study has been organized following two different ways: the first one deals with the history of texts, and it studies the Arabic and Latin tradition of Aristotle’s psychological works, i. E. “De Anima” and “Parva Naturalia” ; the second way deals with a doctrinal history and it studies how these works were interpreted and both the direct (exegesis) and indirect (psychological traits) reactions to the doctrines that were in these works. The precise awareness of the influence of the Arabic psychological science, especially Ibn Sînâ / Avicenna and Ibn Rushd / Averroes, to the themes of the Latin psychological tradition, originally Augustinian, and also of the integration of the three traditions, i. E. The Augustinian one, the Arabic ones and that of Aristotle, in the Albert and Aquina’s works, which are two excellent representatives of the Latin philosophical theories of the 13th century, is the first important result of this work. The historical and doctrinal framing of very important concepts in the arabo-latin lexicon that is “intention”, memory, Spiritual Form, “reditio”, “ratio particularis” and the study of their integration onto the Latin philosophy is the second result. This study is nothing but a contribution to the study of the arabo-latin tradition of the Aristotle’s psychology. It is the first contribution to a more general picture, to which I hope to keep on contributing with my own studies, to rediscover our medieval origins both Christian, Jewish or Islamic, since the history of thought is above al a human history: we cannot channel it in a fixed route and, least of all, try to stop it
Arli, Merve. "La matière, l'âme et le monde dans la critique aristotélicienne du Timée de Platon." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021PA01H205.
Full textThis dissertation aims to examine Aristotle’s reading of Plato's Timaeus. In accordance with this objective, many questions on universe, nature, matter, soul, movement, already addressed in the Timaeus, are re-raised in the main areas of Aristotle’s studies. We therefore devote a great deal of attention to the analysis of each of these concepts. It deals with the comparison between the Timaeus as Aristotle presents it and the text of Plato, in order to analyze and expose the way in which Aristotle relates to Plato in the development of his own philosophy. These references are sometimes in the order of citation; sometimes also of the order of explicit criticism, but also implicit, when the Aristotelian text is based on what Plato has already expressed without citing it, nor criticizing it openly. According to the idea held in this study, the Stagirite does not systematically read the Timaeus literally. When he criticizes Plato, it is not always in order to confirm his own philosophical position. We have shown that this reading is above all a work of distinction between essential concepts such as matter, place, etc. In doing so, Aristotle systematizes Plato's thought, which was based on the likely account about the genesis of the cosmos
Nūṣīrī, Muḥammad. "Le Burhān d'Avenpace." Bordeaux 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR30010.
Full textBoulègue, Laurence, and Agostino Nifo. "Le De amore d'Agostino Nifo : édition, traduction et commentaire." Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA040188.
Full textAngelis, Nicolas K. "L'être et la justice chez Aristote." Paris 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA020008.
Full textThe being and the justice in accordance with aristotle are examined under the angle of the relationship existing between the knowing subject (man) and the object of knowledge. The knowledge enables the knowing subject to appropriate the qualities of its object and is divided in theory and in practice, in proportion to whether it refers to the universe or the man respectively. Thus the word being means either the universe or the human society. The universe is a total within which are included certain being, i. E. , the substances: god, substances of the heaven (planets) and natural substances (natural bodies). The component elements of the natural substances are the passive material and the active form the cause of the change and movement. The justice refers to the human political society. The unit of social relationships constitutes the particular object of justice. The relationship of governorgoverned is the object of distributive political science. In accordance with aristotle the governing of the state must be committed to the best citizen. The financial relationships and the distribution of wealth is the object of corrective justice
Cordonier, Valérie. "Les formes de l'auctoritas : lieux d'émergences d'un "averroïsme théologique" dans la lecture thomasienne de Maïmonide, d'Avicenne et d'Averroès sur la science du premier moteur." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040011.
Full textThis study gives a detailed analysis of the various forms adopted by the authorities of Aristotle, Avicenna, Averroes and Maimonides in the work of Thomas Aquinas. A particularly interesting topic for such an analysis is that of the divine science. So, as starting point of my study, i compile a full list of texts related to this question. On this basis, i proceed to analyse these passages, comparing them with its implicit or explicit sources by the Greek, Arabic and Jewish predecessors of Thomas in the aristotelian tradition. The particular treatment imposed on these texts displays significant differences in various phases of Aquinas' career, that i try to compare with the very different approach of such authorities by Albertus Magnus. In this way, this study will establish an evolution in the thomasian attitude toward these thinkers, and try to relate it to the intellectual context of this time, particularly to the articles in the condemnations of 1270 and 1277 concerning divine science, providence and knowledge of the future contingents
Guerbet, Marine. "Thomas d'Aquin et le Manichéisme." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPSLP007.
Full textThomas Aquinas may have had many reasons to be interested in Manichaeism. The 13th century was the time of the Cathars, considered in a sense as "neo-Manichaeans"; Thomas also sometimes mentions dualist "contemporary heretics" whom he brings closer to and distinguishes from the ancient Manichaeans, and even speaks of a Cathar author. Manichaeism is very important in the patristic tradition, especially Augustinian, taken up by Aquinas. Finally, the issues linked to Manichaeism are among the most important in philosophy: the first principle, evil, freedom, the body and so on. Yet this theme has never been studied for its own sake, even though allusions to Thomas's connection with the Manichaeans and Cathars are regular in the writings of scholars.This thesis studies Manichaeism in the works of Thomas Aquinas through its 250 explicit occurrences and numerous other indirect mentions, comparing it with his predecessors since the dawn of the 13th century. How does Thomas identify and refute the major Manichaean theses? And why is he interested in Manichaeism? Was it a current that was still active and that he directly opposed? Was it a patristic heritage that he used for theological reflection? A conceptual issue used to structure his thought?The study shows that Manichaeism is seen as a coherent whole by St Thomas, but that this coherence needs to be reconstructed on the basis of questions treated separately in his work. The issues are varied, as Manichaeism is above all a "figure of thought", taken from the Church Fathers, which he uses for speculative purposes. Thomas knows the contemporary Cathars well, but doesn't seem to have much interest in them.To counter Manichaeism, Thomas Aquinas generally takes up St. Augustine and the Fathers, but substitutes the philosophy employed by Augustine with one that owes much to Aristotle, notably on the first principle, the nature and cause of evil, the place of the body and passions in man, the analysis of choice, natural inclinations and habitus in relation to the goodness of man and his actions. But above all, the concepts and theses developed in response to Manichaeism are developed first and foremost in response to problems that are different from and of greater interest to Manichaeism: responding to distorted interpretations of Aristotle, countering those who attack the legitimacy of beggars, or simply finding a more balanced response to important philosophical and/or theological problems, concerning the body or human action for example. This study also shows how, on many points, Thomas evolves his thinking thanks to an in-depth reading of Aristotle and Augustine: he integrates new theses and analyses from the latter to transform his own theology.It is undoubtedly in the place he accords to the flesh and the consistency of the natural order that he differs most from Augustine, and that he responds most directly to a theological, spiritual and cultural context that has given rise to a resurgence of Gnostic movements. The challenge is not to flee the world, but to restore it in all its dimensions and return it to itself. Augustine spoke of sin and redemption, two fundamental keys to explaining how evil entered the world and how it leaves it; beings are not evil by their very nature, but insofar as they corrupt themselves. However, it is Aristotle who enables Thomas to give a concrete account of the goodness of nature and its dynamisms, which have not been destroyed by sin, by giving greater honor to what belongs to the body
Raffray, Matthieu. "« De Relativis » : La doctrine des relatifs jusqu’aux synthèses d’Albert le Grand et de Thomas d’Aquin." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040095.
Full textThe primacy of relation is a fundamental characteristic of contemporary philosophies as well as recent evolutions of Christian theology: the goal of this study is to describe the first developments of the notion of relation up to the great theological synthesis of the 13th century, in order to evaluate the historical foundations and the conceptual validity of the contemporary “relationalisms”. After studying the birth of the ontology of relative beings by Plato and Aristotle, as well as through the ambiguities of their transmissions, we show how the theologians of Antiquity exploited those philosophical sources using two models: the “differentiated attribution” with Augustine, and the “differentiated accidentality” with Boethius. During the 12th century, those two antique models became in their turns the origin of a change of paradigm on the problem of predicatio in divinis, from Gilbert of Poitiers to Peter Lombard. We then center our study on the sentential synthesis of Albert the Great and Thomas Aquinas, who both exploited the notion of relation as a key-element of a united and well-structured description of their theological thought. Albert uses a typical Aristotelian notion of relation as a tool for building a coherent and rational theology; Thomas develops those albertian intuitions and organizes a well-ordered view of the World in its relations to God, whose condition, contrary to many thomistic interpretations, is a strictly accidental conception of the relative beings. At the end of this historical path, we will then have shown the Platonist temptation which constitutes the conceptual source of the contemporary “relationalisms”
Châteauvieux, Marie de. "Justice et amitié selon Aristote." Paris 4, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA040100.
Full textBégorre-Bret, Cyrille. "Aristote et la définition de l'homme." Paris 10, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA100167.
Full textScholars usually think that Aristode makes a de finition of man. But they don't analyze the different phrases made by Aristode on man through his own conception of de finition. Definition is a very specific kind of sentence which offers the most fondamental scientific knowledge about a being. It must comply certain characteristics. It must in particular be universal, i. E. Hold for ail the deftniendum. But if one tries to collect, compare and scrutinize these different formulas, one can unexpectedly see that none of them can be considered as the definition of man by the Philosopher. The famous phrases describing men as politicaI or rationaI animaIs can't be definitionnal in Aristode's view because they don't fit his own definitional standards: they don't show a characterist universally owned by men and by men only. Aristode's conception of man is not aimed at deflning him but at describing his naturaI features or at showing his dignity
Murgier, Charlotte. "Recherches sur le platonisme d'Aristote et ses limites en philosophie pratique." Lille 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL30052.
Full textThis dissertation challenges the view that the question of Aristotle's relationship to Platonism has been settled, being reduced either to a strong opposition to the theory of Ideas or, following the developmental account, to a progressive departure from platonic views. The notion of Aristotle as a close reader of Plato proves far more enlightening : being problematical rather than doctrinal, his Platonism inherits aporiai rather than claims. This approach gives greater intelligibility to the main concepts of Aristotelian ethics (pleasure, happiness, friendship, phronesis) the genesis of which is indebted to the questions raised in the Dialogues. Furthermore, it enables us to grasp the thread that runs through Aristotle's confrontation with Platonic ethics. Far from being reductible to a simple dismissial of the metaphysics of Ideas, his criticism proceeds more positively, attempting to go beyond the limits of the Platonic account of action, wether they be manifested in the aporiai of friendship or practical knowledge, or in the ethical and ontological condemnation of pleasure, tragedy or democracy. By giving pleasure its dignity and status in the happy life, by accounting for the role of friendship in the virtuous life and by rethinking the kind of knowledge required for acting. Aristotle gives sense and consistency to the various aspects of our practical life. His debate with Platonism enables us to understand how action gives shape to an agent, in that it allows him to fulfil himself. Thus, it elucidates the simple and singular fact that justifies the human need of ethics, namely that a human being has to act in order to be
Pellegrin, Pierre. "Biologie et politique chez Aristote." Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010517.
Full textJaulin, Annick. "Genre, genèse et génération : de l'ousia prôtè chez Aristote." Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010529.
Full textLefebvre, René. "La ressemblance chez Aristote." Paris 4, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA040115.
Full textIt seems that the place of likeness is less important in Aristotle than in Plato and pre-Socratic philosophy: paradigmatism, cratylism, presocratic dynamics or fascination for pseudos and eidola are dead. However, even while breaking, Aristotle goes on speaking of the resemblance of the opposites, and of the likeness of forms in the perceived thing and the perceiving mind. More, he makes likeness become a semantic theme of henology, and lets it go on trying to unify the world, qua analogy in horizontality, and vertical mimesis in cosmo-theology. Dialectic considers it as an indispensable organon of definition, induction and hypothetical reasoning. Thoughts are called homoiomata, and Aristotle discovers phantasia. Contra Plato, he understands what is valuable in poetical mimesis. As a biologist, he stresses upon the resemblance between parents and children, because he considers that reproduction is the perpetuation of a type
Lamrani, Lila. "La psychologie aristotélicienne dans l'Islam classique : traduction et commentaire de l'Épître sur le retour d'Avicenne." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040199.
Full textAvicenna’s Risala al-adhawiya fi al-ma`ad, dealing with the question of Return to life once death has occurred, comes up with various original theses that do not appear in Avicenna’s other writings. The Return cannot affect the body : it is indeed dedicated to souls inasmuch as the essence of man lies in his soul. Bodies get corrupted once and for all when death occurs. The Quran has nothing to do with a demonstrative text, it is a rhetorical text that aims at provoking in its readers the appropriate moral behaviour. It is therefore impossible to deduce from the repeated coranic assertion saying that bodies will come back to life that bodies will effectively resurrect. If in the physical world there is a plurality of souls, it is only because of the multiplicity of the corporeal matter that receives them. If souls have to survive independently from bodies that allow their individuation, how then could they individually exist ? There will not be any individual existence of souls in the hereafter, but a Return of these souls to the Principle (the Agent Intellect, or, at last, the First Principle, God) from which they emanate : therefore souls resorb in their origin and do not have any separate existence. It is an absolute Return
Souchard, Bertrand. "Aristote, de la physique à la métaphysique, réceptivité et causalité." Dijon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DIJOL004.
Full textLemaire, Juliette. "La contradiction chez Aristote : analyse et problèmes." Paris 10, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA100088.
Full textAristotle is supposed to be the inventor of the concept of contradiction: contradiction is the opposition between propositions. But, the analysis of the Aristotelian Corpus shows that contradiction may be close to equivocity: contradiction is one of the four ways of saying " to be opposite ", and contradiction is one of the ways propositions oppose each other. How to link the fourfold classification of the different meanings of opposition with the distinction between opposing propositions? Are they complementary or competing divisions? Why is contrariety so close to contradiction? After the study of the texts using and defining contradiction, this thesis presents an analysis of Metaphysics Gamma. Aristotle is facing those who deny the principle of noncontradiction. Besides the nature and the different stages of his argumentation, its analysis leads to discuss the question of a plurality of principles of non-contradiction
Borel, Denis. "L'habitus des principes selon aristote." Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA040213.
Full textMartínez, Lucía. "La théorie du rêve chez Aristote : principes physiologiques et psychologiques." Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040152.
Full textFouoména. "Relativité de l'axiomatisation et vues logistiques de l'ancienne logique : essai sur les restrictions des systèmes d'axiomes formalisés de la syllogistique d'Aristote et de la dialectique des Stoi͏̈ciens en logique formelle contemporaine." Lyon 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO31012.
Full textOur essay analyses the limitations of the formalized and axiomatic interpretations of the theories of the ancient logic, spcially the aristotle's system. On one hand, in relation with the philosophical purposes which found epistemologically the theorical requirements and the semantical nature of the systems of the ancient logic. For, these systems coming within their author's pjilosophical conceptions, their formalization and axiomatization produce a kind of methodical abstraction inside the philosophical doctrines which express their reach. On the other hand, according to the relativity of the foremost notions and axioms which are freely choosen as the indefinable concepts and undemonstrable theorems in the formalized and axiomatic presentation of the aristotle's system. Thus, we settle that, the aristotle's syllogistic could not be interpreted as a formal axiomatic system which brings to the notion of thelogical law. So, like the stoic logic, it should be considered as a inferential system built on the formal inference rules which warrant the security of reasoning. Thereby, their modern readings as the systems of logical laws or thesis, would only have a reducing value which rectify and roughly adapt them to the methods of new logic
Journée, Gérard. ""Rien ne saurait naître de rien" : l'émergence du problème de l'être dans la philosophie préplatonicienne." Lille 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LIL30005.
Full textAccording to Aristotle, "nothing should come from what-is-not" had constituted the physicians' common opinion. This claim seems to be linked to his other idea that all physicians, from Thales to Democritus, had renounced the notion of coming-to-be in the strict sense. Many modern scholars want yet to see in this principle the work of Parmenides : he would indeed have enounced it for the first time in his Poem in view to destroy precisely coming-to-be. This conception has made a lot to change the modern perception of the thinkers before Parmenides, especially the Milesians. However, is it possible to deny them an implicit respect, at least, for the principle ? And if it is not the case, is it possible to claim that the principle constitutes immediately a principle of no-becoming ? In this study, we will wonder about the schemes linked to natural causality in Milesian philosophy, about their relations with the classical problem of conservation and the absence of coming-to-be in the strict sense. From Aristotle, we will wonder about the conceptions which are reasonably ascribable to Milesians. We will then study the occurences of the principle in the work of Parmenides and in the physics of the fifth century B. C. : Anaxagoras, Empedocles and Democritus
Guremen, Refik. "L'homme, le plus politique des animaux : essai sur les "Politiques" d'Aristote, livre I, chapitre 2." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010678.
Full textThis dissertation is dedicated to an exclusive study of Aristotle's "Politics", I, 2. It aims at analyzing Aristotle's affirmation that human beings are more political than the other political animals (Pol., I, 1, 1253a7-9). According to the most widely shared views about Aristotle's argument here, human beings would be more political either because they are rational, or because they have a natural capacity for speech or because they are perceptive about questions of morality. According to the idea defended in this study, although these exclusively human features are not impertinent to the specific form that human beings' political life takes, human beings' higher degree of politicalness cannot be explained on the basis of them. After a detailed examination of certain difficulties and shortcomings in contemporary commentaries on Politics, l, 2, we develop the thesis that according to Aristotle, the human being is more political because it is a gregarious animal of multiple communities. For Aristotle, human beings develop this multiplicity of communities for the sake of self-sufficiency. In order to show that this thesis is in conformity with Aristotle's other main idea that the polis exists for the sake of living-well, we demonstrate that elements of a different conception of living-well, based more on human being's animality than its rnorality, are present in Aristotle’s work. Aristotle's affirmation that the polis exists for the sake of living-well must be understood in this rather zoological sense of living-well
Ducos, Joëlle. "La météorologie en français : réception des Météorologiques d'Aristote (XIIIe et XIVe siècles)." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA040305.
Full textThe object of this research is to investigate the mediaeval reception in French of Aristotle’s Meteorologica. Through a comparative examination of French and Latin translators ‘practices in the 13th and 14th centuries, a preliminary analysis of the difficulties of the translation from Aristotle is carried out, bringing to light the mediaeval definition of an Aristotelian text. A lexis of meteorology gradually forms up and the semantic field of air exemplifies the alterations in the language induced by those translations. The scholastic reading of Meteorologica reveals a multifarious questioning, while meteorology seems a merely marginal concern. Rational reflection on hydrometeors and wind however takes shape, involving original developments, and indue course, the observation of the real as well. On the contrary, the French Encyclopaedia, in constructing a synthesis of all cultures, apparently does not popularize the newest advances of knowledge. In fact, as an echo of the disputes of scholastics, it requires several levels of reading. French meteorology thus appears as the outcome of a cultural encounter rather than the reflection of popular lore. It evidences how difficult it was for Aristotelian theories to be assimilated, on account of epistemological obstacles and of a still present underlying symbolism. Nevertheless, thanks to Aristotle, a French discourse on meteorology was building up
Zingano, Marco Antonio de Avila. "Vertu et délibération : une étude de la notion de prohairesis chez Aristote." Paris, EHESS, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993EHESA311.
Full textThe concept of prohairesis (choice) is one of the most important in aristotle's ethics. This thesis is divided into three chapters : the first one introduces the concepts of reason and practical reason; the second one discusses ethical choice and ethical virtue; the third and last one, which serves as a conclusion, deals with the meaning of happiness and the types of life in aristotle's ethics
Crubellier, Michel. "Il libro Lambda della Metafisica di Aristotele." Lille 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL30082.
Full textBataillard, Marie-Christine. "La structure de la doctrine aristotélicienne des vertus éthiques." Paris 4, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA040116.
Full textAristotle's doctrine of the moral virtues is not a confuse illustration of his theory that virtue is a mean, but a problematisation of his ethics. The successive analysis of the method in which the virtues are exposed, then of the objective aspects (sphere of each virtue, nomber, ordrer), lastly of the subjective aspects (nature of the mean, vices, excess and defect) leads indeed to determinate two patterns of morality : on the one hand, the moral virtues point out the praise of a well-tempered character, disposed to fulfil the political rules ; on the other hand, they combine desire and reason so that they produce the objective mean (that is a perfect balance of circumstances) and so become not only good, but also noble. This double conception is neither a contradiction nor the sign of an evolution of aristotle's thought ; it must be conserved in the form of the fecund opposition between letter and spirit, this according to the structure of the aristotelian moral doctrine
Sohn, Yun-Rak. "Hylê au seuil de l’ontologie : une recherche sur l’Etre et la matière chez Aristote." Paris 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040098.
Full textDealing with the notion of matter in Aristotle, this thesis takes a critical regard to the traditional interpretation that considers the problem of matter as a burden on the Aristotelian ontology. In effect, the charge on this theory is caused not only by matter but by the fact that it has a frame of hylomorphism. The study begins by seizing a strange concept in Metaphysics Z 3, the matter qua subject, and this qua substance, from which issue two puzzling questions : that of prime matter and of substantial predication. The author makes an analysis on passages of the Categories, and enlarges his research in Aristotle’s texts of natural philosophy such as the Physics, On the Heavens, and On generation and corruption, and will return in the Metaphysics for an attempt to answer some important ontological questions
Mittelmann, Jorge. "La cohérence de l'hylémorphisme : problèmes d’ontologie soulevés par la conception aristotélicienne de l’âme." Paris 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040018.
Full textThe dissertation discusses the strain that the Aristotelian formula of soul imposes on the basic categories of natural philosophy, challenging the expectations of a literal transposition of those categories to the explanation of the relationship between body and soul. The usual analysis of a hylomorphic composite into matter and form is disturbed by the irruption of a substrate which is animate per se, whereas it is supposed to have life potentially. This difficulty invites an examination of those usual articulations called into question by psychology, and requires bringing in some adjustments, in order to save the coherence of the whole definitional enterprise. Following the exposition of the troubles which faces the general project of defining sensible composites, the dissertation suggests an interpretative hypothesis as to the ontological status that should be bestowed on the relata of a matter–form relationship. Accordingly, the categorical demarcation between function and object is taken into account, given that it displays certain conceptual features that could help to clear up some of the issues involved in the Aristotelian distinction. A discussion of the different ways of “having life potentially” closes the work, which proposes to read the seemingly awkward potentiality of the body in the light of the connection between blood and its natural heat, sketched in the treatise on the Parts of Animals
Magoulas, Charalampos. "Aristote dans les théories sémiotiques contemporaines." Besançon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BESA1001.
Full textAristotle's philosophy has given the ground to scientific debates since the antiquity. We have chosen to study the reception of the philosopher's thought and the means of its interpretation, appropriation and transformation in the modern semiotic theories in order to illuminate some specific domains of the modern semiotic theory such as discourse analysis, semiotics of reception and the relation between semiotics and philosophy of language. The founding hypothesis of this research is that the investigation of the references to Aristotle in the semiotic texts can bring to light the differences between the Paris School of semiotics and Eco as far as it concerns the methodological basis on which they found their semiotics (linguistics for the Paris School and philosophy for Eco) and the filters they use in the treatment of modern semiotic questions such as everyday and literary speech, the image and art. From this differentiation derives the epistemological question about the connection and the continuity of the disciplines of language in the scientific area (ontology, philosophy of language, semiotics, semantics, rhetorics) and time (antiquity, the middle ages, today). This thesis demonstrates the necessity of an interdisciplinary approach of communicatory activities by applying this methodological point of view to the examination of two fields of the modern problematics in semiotics, the theory of sign and the semiotics of reception. The interdisciplinary work in humanities and social sciences should be valued in the future research on human communication
Hatakeyama, Kana. "La faute dans la tragédie française du XVIIe siècle." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BOR30007.
Full textThe purpose of this doctoral thesis is to study the French tragedy in the seventeenth century researching into the notion of tragic flaw, hamartia, and to show the originality and the diversity of the French classical tragedy. This notion, commented by Aristotle in "Poetics" originally differs from either an intentional crime or an accidental one. The tragic flaw presupposes the participation of an agent without denying the presence of fortuity. Although a tragic hero is responsible for his misfortune, as it proceeded from his fault, the result exceeds his intention. And this disparity between intention and misfortune makes the audience feel compassion for the hero suffering from his misfortune. If this compassion is one of the emotions caused only by tragedies, the tragic flaw constitutes in this respect an essential element of tragedy. But is the concept of fault identical in the Christendom society of the seventeenth century? To answer this question, I deal with the tragedies of seven dramaturges, Alexandre Hardy, Pierre Du Ryer, Jean Rotrou, Tristan L’Hermite, Pierre Corneille, Jean Racine and Jean-Galbert de Campistron, to cover the seventeenth century. In the first section of this work, I examine the notion of fault in the theoretical texts. The second section consists in studying the tragic figure. The third section is about the nature of the fault, the private fault and the politic fault. The fourth section concerns the status of fault on the dramaturgical level, before examining moral questions in the final section. This work reveals the importance of Aristotle’s Poetics in the French tragedy of the seventeenth century
Xiao, Lin. "Confucius et Aristote : éléments d'un essai de comparaison -le "Ren", la vertu, le juste milieu- à partir des textes originaux et de traductions françaises." Limoges, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIMO2002.
Full textConfucius and Aristote are among the great thinkers of the "axial age" (Karl Jaspers). Value systems built during this period found and nurture the thoughts of humanity until today. So what are the conceptions of men for this two sages? How do they build the ideals of human relations? What are the contextual factors that underlie their thoughts? Through a new and constrastive analysis of the thoughts of Confucius and Aristote, concepts and words, Chinese and Greek, we try to present this work to highlight what are their common and complementary ideas beyond their differences
Cordell, Paris Crystal. "La science politique d'Aristote : la cité et son régime." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0021.
Full textThis doctoral thesis is an examination of Aristotle's political science. In the first part, the relation between modern political science and Aristotelian political science will be considered. This part includes three lines of argument: a comparison between the ancient conception of the political animal and the modern conception of the individual, originating in a pre-political state of nature; an examination of the modern rejection of Aristotelian teleology; and an analysis of contemporary uses of Aristotle's political science. The second part is devoted to an interpretation of Aristotle's political thought, and to the Aristotelian science of the political regime, in particular. This science is examined through the notions of community (koinônia), political rule (archè politikè), and prudence (phronèsis). These notions will enable us to elucidate crucial analyses concerning the political nature of man; the best regime; and the status of practical and political science
Couillaud, Bruno. "Le discours rhétorique et le bien de la cité selon Aristote." Paris 4, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040186.
Full textRhetoric, usual weapon of the demagogues or the ambitious, be useful to the politicians? Plato is severe and appears to mean, very unlike his disciple, Aristotle, that we cannot seek for common good using it. Thus we must first settle the legitimacy of rhetoric as a reasoning. Human reason uses it in probable matter, in the field of human conduct, moral or politic, dialectics being directly useful in thought field. However, one and the other are distinct from sophistic and eristic which aim at appearance or error. Then we look for the nature of the practical reasoning at the end of which we apply us to good. The light brought by Aristotle makes us distinguish between politics as certain knowledge which formulates common principles of human conduct and, first of all, common good as end of the city, and prudence which leans upon experience and formulates principles more circumstantial. As examples of practical reasoning, we study two discourses of Pericles and Isocrates. The third part tries at last to bring a solution : speculative and common first, distinguishing practical judgment from the judgment to which the orator leads; practical and applicated then, showing how rhetoric, subordinated to political prudence can serve to the common good of a city. This under three aspects: the one of argumentation where value and efficacy of example and enthymeme are shown; the one of the passions of the hearers, bound to the subjects entered upon by the orator (educator, suitor or counsellor); he must have them become his allies; at last, the one of the moral virtue of the orator who brings the argument of his person itself to oratorical art. Thus, mastering these three gifts, rational, affective and moral, may help serving common good in this part of its quest where speech is conclusive
Kim, Heon. "Logoi devant la foule : la rhétorique et la poétique selon Aristote." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STR20002.
Full textIn the Aristotelian philosophy, the rhetoric and the poetics are part of the productive science. The philosopher endeavars to give the theoretical base to the practice in the two verbal creations. .
Brière, Véronique. "Langage, sémantique et ontologie : une étude de la problématique catégoriale dans l'oeuvre d'Aristote (Des Catégories aux catégories)." Paris 10, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA100171.
Full textThis dissertation interrogates the notion of categories in Aristotle's work in ils various formulations as it ranges across the registers of physics and metaphysics, dialectics, and logic. A detailed rereading of Categories that focuses on Aristotle's interpretation of the origins of the ontological aporias -- of Platonism in particular-- reveals how the text adumbrates a philosophical strategy meant to deconstruct such aporias. A reading of On Sophistical Refutations, of Topics, and Prio rAnalytics confirms that at the basis of ibis strategy is a reflection on semantics. Semantics, however, cannot be reduced to ontology, although it is founded upon it. Rather, it represents the means to establish a new ontology. Consequently, categories should be understood as unity forms, and forms for determination, which supplant the domination of the logic of substance. As for metaphysics, it does not reduce categories to "genres" that would replace platonic ones (Sophist) nor to ontological accidents of substance. At stake here is the reinterpretation of the entire study of ousia in metaphysics as much as the supposed status of « categories. » My aim is to foreground the full scope of Aristotle's conceptualization of language, for it is neither a work of strict formalism nor simply a work on the rules of common speech. Not even the apophantic perspective of the sciences can ignore the semantic nature of language and the fact that the symbolic function it supposedly guarantees is thrown into question. This dissertation connects the understanding of katêgorein to Aristotle's interpretation of the aporias of Platonism, of the Eleates and of the physiologues. It connects it as well to what constitutes sophistics, i. E. The absence of semantics, a saturation based on the conflation of all units of meaning as well ac of any determined unit, with the form of substance, tode it. It is precisely against this dominant scheme, thought to be deleterious for language and ontology both, that Aristotle generates the concepts of categories. For this reason, I argue, we must no longer interpret categories as forms imposed on logos in predication or as types of "things" reduced to a naïve phenomenology. This new approach, rather, invites us to trace, from one text to another and within given texts, metaphorical slippages responsible for the ontological transformation of certain notions
Girard, Charles. "Le réalisme des relations : étude des réponses apportées au problème de la différence entre la relation et son fondement (1250-1350)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040047.
Full textWhether relation is really distinct from its foundation or not is a question that can easily be found in medieval texts from the mid-thirteenth century onwards. It comes from an aristotelian background, the discussion about the categories, and asks if the category of relation really posits another thing, i.e. a relation, in reality. It results from a realist perspective on relations. In fact, most thirteenth and fourteenth century thinkers held without doubt that things outside the mind are really connected between them. Two men sharing the same height are really equal, that is, really linked to each other by a relation of equality. What is then left to understand is how these things are linked between them, or the exact nature of the aforementioned relation. Should we say that the equality in each of the equally sized men is a new thing that adds to the substance of each of them and to the accidents of height, belonging tho the category of quantity, on which these relations are founded? Or should we say that equality is real in another way, that is, without adding a new thing to the subject acquiring it? We can already find this issue in Aristotle himself, emerging from disagreeing texts devoted to this category. It received various answers that enable us to understand better how reality was defined in the Middle Age and some of the ontological debates of the time. The work that is here summed up attempts to precisely delineate these various answers and to provide a way of classifying them
Timbert, Anne. "Individuations manières d'être." Nice, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NICE2004.
Full textHow can we speak of individuation? How far can we go into individuations? Twenty four centuries separate these two ways of considerating the same question. Through those two interrogation means Aristote and G. Deleuze seem both to refer the question of individuation to that of consistency, but through very different ways. If the problem of consistency has still a sens outside the thought of substance, then what does that kind of non-substantial consitency cover? Indeed, individuals differ, distinguish themselves the one from the other. But does this statement concern the question of individuation to such an extent? Philosophers (like H. Bergson, M. Merleau-ponty, G. Simondon) but artists as well (P. Cezanne, P. Klee, A. Artaud, M. Blanchot) will help us no doubt to lay out the essential stakes of such an interrogation. In fact, we can wonder wether we do not always differ from someone or something according to extrinsic differences - whereas we become the patient of an individuating difference as we actualize a background or as we resolve a given configuration of problematic regions according to the scope of a certain ability or singular way of being
Martini, Bernard. "Les éléments d'Euclide et l'épistémologie aristotélicienne." Aix-Marseille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX10029.
Full textRichard, Christophe. "La théorie aristotélicienne de la mimesis poétique." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010562.
Full textStudy of Aristotle's poetics aiming at showing the original feature of the Aristotelian conception of the poetical "mimesis" and this, in comparison with the platonic approach of the question. Tn this aim, the following points will be analyzed : the origin (nature), the different domains where it can be found (education, poetical expression, painting, music) as well as the main effects (pleasure, purification) characteristic of the "mimesis" determined by Aristotle
Dorion, Louis-André. "Les réfutations sophistiques d'Aristote : introduction, traduction et commentaire." Paris 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA010535.
Full textThis thesis on the sophistical refutations of Aristotle is divided into three main sections: an introduction, a translation and a commentary. The introduction subdivides itself in two parts; in the first part we relate the semantic evolution of the term elenchus ("refutation"). This evolution is altogether remarkable as this word originally signifies "shame". We attempt to demonstrate that Aristotle’s' definition of elenchus is a radical break from the traditional conception that had prevailed from homer to Plato inclusively. Aristotle’s' definition, which is purely logical, is in fact opposed to an ethical conception of elenchus. Next we submit an overall view of the sophistical refutations and examine in detail the main interpretative problems that arise in this text. Our translation of the sophistical refutations differs in several places from the two other French translations of this essay, both the one by J. Barthelemy Saint-Hilaire (1843) and the one by J. Tricot (1939). The commentary is composed of 472 notes attempting to confer a maximum of clarity to this often difficult text by Aristotle. It fills a blatant void, since the last overall study of the sophistical refutations goes back to 1866