Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Aristote (0384-0322 av. J.-C. ; philosophe) – Critique et interprétation'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Aristote (0384-0322 av. J.-C. ; philosophe) – Critique et interprétation.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Châteauvieux, Marie de. "Justice et amitié selon Aristote." Paris 4, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA040100.
Full textBrague, Rémi. "Aristote et la question du monde." Paris 4, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040002.
Full textSome aspects of aristotle's metaphysics, physics, ethics and psychology can be accounted for as dim echoes of a concept a. Never dealt with thematically : being-in-theworld (heidegger's in-der-welt-sein). Classical greek though as a whole, although it was fascinated by the orderliness of the cosmos, hardly asked what being-in-the world means (ch. 1). The experience of facticity, which is one of its main features, enables a. To justify philosophical life in the protrepticus, but he conceives of this life as focussing on contemplation, i. E. Access to what emphatically is (ch. 2). A. Never got rid of this ambiguity, which arises from such a transposition : his ethics bear witness of his hesitating between two subjects of moral life : the i whom it behoves to act, because of his uniqueness, gives way to man as defined by his place among other parts of the universe (ch. 3 & 4). A. Therefore has to define man as the worldliest of all sublunar beings : he imitates the universe thanks to his universality and because he can grasp the highest beings (ch. 5). Nevertheless, a. Cannot define topos - the place in which things are - without his referring to our paculiar way of being there, although he later brings back the idea of universe through his theory of the dimensions of human body as rooted in the objective structure of the cosmos (ch. 6). The difficulties in a. "s definition of the soul as well as in his doctrine of the active intellect stem from his attempt at translating what he silently conceives of as the vey openness of the world through our presence, into the optics of worddly realitywhat compels him to reduce soul to consciousness of what takes place among things of the world. (ch. 7). A. Conceives the universe in a way which leads him to dis- card specifically human motion on behalf of the heavenly beings' absolute continuity. However, the first mover's self-contemplation mirrors the unresolved ambiguity of hu- man energeia : both the pure act of being there and the activity of contemplating the highest being coalesce in it (ch. 8). However, a. 's central ontological concept, en- ergeia, cannot be defined apart from the experience of our being there (ch. 9)
Lefebvre, René. "La ressemblance chez Aristote." Paris 4, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA040115.
Full textIt seems that the place of likeness is less important in Aristotle than in Plato and pre-Socratic philosophy: paradigmatism, cratylism, presocratic dynamics or fascination for pseudos and eidola are dead. However, even while breaking, Aristotle goes on speaking of the resemblance of the opposites, and of the likeness of forms in the perceived thing and the perceiving mind. More, he makes likeness become a semantic theme of henology, and lets it go on trying to unify the world, qua analogy in horizontality, and vertical mimesis in cosmo-theology. Dialectic considers it as an indispensable organon of definition, induction and hypothetical reasoning. Thoughts are called homoiomata, and Aristotle discovers phantasia. Contra Plato, he understands what is valuable in poetical mimesis. As a biologist, he stresses upon the resemblance between parents and children, because he considers that reproduction is the perpetuation of a type
Jaulin, Annick. "Genre, genèse et génération : de l'ousia prôtè chez Aristote." Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010529.
Full textSouchard, Bertrand. "Aristote, de la physique à la métaphysique, réceptivité et causalité." Dijon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DIJOL004.
Full textLemaire, Juliette. "La contradiction chez Aristote : analyse et problèmes." Paris 10, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA100088.
Full textAristotle is supposed to be the inventor of the concept of contradiction: contradiction is the opposition between propositions. But, the analysis of the Aristotelian Corpus shows that contradiction may be close to equivocity: contradiction is one of the four ways of saying " to be opposite ", and contradiction is one of the ways propositions oppose each other. How to link the fourfold classification of the different meanings of opposition with the distinction between opposing propositions? Are they complementary or competing divisions? Why is contrariety so close to contradiction? After the study of the texts using and defining contradiction, this thesis presents an analysis of Metaphysics Gamma. Aristotle is facing those who deny the principle of noncontradiction. Besides the nature and the different stages of his argumentation, its analysis leads to discuss the question of a plurality of principles of non-contradiction
Zingano, Marco Antonio de Avila. "Vertu et délibération : une étude de la notion de prohairesis chez Aristote." Paris, EHESS, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993EHESA311.
Full textThe concept of prohairesis (choice) is one of the most important in aristotle's ethics. This thesis is divided into three chapters : the first one introduces the concepts of reason and practical reason; the second one discusses ethical choice and ethical virtue; the third and last one, which serves as a conclusion, deals with the meaning of happiness and the types of life in aristotle's ethics
Crubellier, Michel. "Il libro Lambda della Metafisica di Aristotele." Lille 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL30082.
Full textMartínez, Lucía. "La théorie du rêve chez Aristote : principes physiologiques et psychologiques." Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040152.
Full textTavernier, Frédéric. "Structure d'une philosophie morale selon confucius et aristote." Paris 4, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040135.
Full textSong, Dae-Hyeon. "La critique par Aristote du non-être (to mê on) chez Platon." Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010540.
Full textViano, Cristina. "Héraclite dans Aristote." Paris 4, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040138.
Full textThe subject of this research is heraclitus' aristotelician source. The conceptual schemas through which aristotle exposes the ephesian's doctrine consist of two main themes one can also find in plato : being and becoming. Heraclitus is an ancient physiologist and according to him fire is the material cause and the arche (the principe of all beings). The choice of fire seems to distinguish him as "the most coherent" with monist vision of reality. In fact aristotle says that caracteristics of fire are extreme and belont more to form than to matter. Continuously all things have their origin in fire and come back to him. This becoming looks like a river stream. The only "persisting" thing is fire. Heraclitus' knowledge and ethics are in his physiology of fire. The resulting image is a total thought without qualitative breaks. Aristotle offen alludes to the heracliteans' mediation, of whose cratylus is the most representative. Heraclitismus appears as a theoretical involution : cratylus forgets ontological element of arche and makes absolue the river's speed and renonces to knowledge and to words. Heraclitus' sceptical interpretation begins in aristotle's source. The doctrine of becoming follows an ideal line which begins in poetical past, reaches his hight speculative level in heraclitus, and falls into decline with heracliteans' agnosticism, the echos of whose will get to sceptics
Gain, Frédéric. "Logos et genesis : étude sur les modalités d'une approche rationnelle du devenir chez Platon et Aristote." Lille 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LIL30034.
Full textSohn, Yun-Rak. "Hylê au seuil de l’ontologie : une recherche sur l’Etre et la matière chez Aristote." Paris 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040098.
Full textDealing with the notion of matter in Aristotle, this thesis takes a critical regard to the traditional interpretation that considers the problem of matter as a burden on the Aristotelian ontology. In effect, the charge on this theory is caused not only by matter but by the fact that it has a frame of hylomorphism. The study begins by seizing a strange concept in Metaphysics Z 3, the matter qua subject, and this qua substance, from which issue two puzzling questions : that of prime matter and of substantial predication. The author makes an analysis on passages of the Categories, and enlarges his research in Aristotle’s texts of natural philosophy such as the Physics, On the Heavens, and On generation and corruption, and will return in the Metaphysics for an attempt to answer some important ontological questions
Chindea, Gabriel. "Le problème de la transcendance chez Aristote et Plotin." Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010613.
Full textKim, Heon. "Logoi devant la foule : la rhétorique et la poétique selon Aristote." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STR20002.
Full textIn the Aristotelian philosophy, the rhetoric and the poetics are part of the productive science. The philosopher endeavars to give the theoretical base to the practice in the two verbal creations. .
Dos, Santos Nélio Gilberto. "Préservation et Usage. Le dualisme de la fin chez Aristote." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL142.
Full textAccording to Aristotle, the final cause is twofold, as it indicates in five strategic places of the corpus: concerning the causal relation between finality and matter, in Physics II; with respect to the purpose of animal reproduction, in De Anima II; and a little further on, in this same work, this dualism is affirmed to enlighten the way in which the soul is end for the body; in Eudemian Ethics, where is it to specify the way in which the god is an end for practical wisdom; finally, concerning the teleological causality of the Prime Mover, in Metaphysics Λ. This teleological dualism, formulated in the occurrences of De Anima II through the technical expression τὸ οὗ and τὸ ᾧ, having been developed in a study that has not survived to our times, is frequently understood in terms of purpose in technical production and translated by "purpose" and "beneficiary". However, this attempt to clarify this laconic expression raises quite significant problems, including that of its relevance for the approach of the natural phenomena that it is supposed to explain. This study attempts to restore this dualism of the end at the centre of Aristotelian understanding of teleology. The examination of occurrences, as well as the study of the major themes of finality in Aristotle's philosophy of nature, lead us to put forward two notions that make explicit what the teleological dualism refers to: the notion of usage, χρῆσις, and that of preservation, σωτηρία
Dorion, Louis-André. "Les réfutations sophistiques d'Aristote : introduction, traduction et commentaire." Paris 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA010535.
Full textThis thesis on the sophistical refutations of Aristotle is divided into three main sections: an introduction, a translation and a commentary. The introduction subdivides itself in two parts; in the first part we relate the semantic evolution of the term elenchus ("refutation"). This evolution is altogether remarkable as this word originally signifies "shame". We attempt to demonstrate that Aristotle’s' definition of elenchus is a radical break from the traditional conception that had prevailed from homer to Plato inclusively. Aristotle’s' definition, which is purely logical, is in fact opposed to an ethical conception of elenchus. Next we submit an overall view of the sophistical refutations and examine in detail the main interpretative problems that arise in this text. Our translation of the sophistical refutations differs in several places from the two other French translations of this essay, both the one by J. Barthelemy Saint-Hilaire (1843) and the one by J. Tricot (1939). The commentary is composed of 472 notes attempting to confer a maximum of clarity to this often difficult text by Aristotle. It fills a blatant void, since the last overall study of the sophistical refutations goes back to 1866
Brière, Véronique. "Langage, sémantique et ontologie : une étude de la problématique catégoriale dans l'oeuvre d'Aristote (Des Catégories aux catégories)." Paris 10, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA100171.
Full textThis dissertation interrogates the notion of categories in Aristotle's work in ils various formulations as it ranges across the registers of physics and metaphysics, dialectics, and logic. A detailed rereading of Categories that focuses on Aristotle's interpretation of the origins of the ontological aporias -- of Platonism in particular-- reveals how the text adumbrates a philosophical strategy meant to deconstruct such aporias. A reading of On Sophistical Refutations, of Topics, and Prio rAnalytics confirms that at the basis of ibis strategy is a reflection on semantics. Semantics, however, cannot be reduced to ontology, although it is founded upon it. Rather, it represents the means to establish a new ontology. Consequently, categories should be understood as unity forms, and forms for determination, which supplant the domination of the logic of substance. As for metaphysics, it does not reduce categories to "genres" that would replace platonic ones (Sophist) nor to ontological accidents of substance. At stake here is the reinterpretation of the entire study of ousia in metaphysics as much as the supposed status of « categories. » My aim is to foreground the full scope of Aristotle's conceptualization of language, for it is neither a work of strict formalism nor simply a work on the rules of common speech. Not even the apophantic perspective of the sciences can ignore the semantic nature of language and the fact that the symbolic function it supposedly guarantees is thrown into question. This dissertation connects the understanding of katêgorein to Aristotle's interpretation of the aporias of Platonism, of the Eleates and of the physiologues. It connects it as well to what constitutes sophistics, i. E. The absence of semantics, a saturation based on the conflation of all units of meaning as well ac of any determined unit, with the form of substance, tode it. It is precisely against this dominant scheme, thought to be deleterious for language and ontology both, that Aristotle generates the concepts of categories. For this reason, I argue, we must no longer interpret categories as forms imposed on logos in predication or as types of "things" reduced to a naïve phenomenology. This new approach, rather, invites us to trace, from one text to another and within given texts, metaphorical slippages responsible for the ontological transformation of certain notions
Labarrière, Jean-Louis. "L'intelligence et la vie des animaux selon Aristote." Paris, EHESS, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EHES0034.
Full textRichard, Christophe. "La théorie aristotélicienne de la mimesis poétique." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010562.
Full textStudy of Aristotle's poetics aiming at showing the original feature of the Aristotelian conception of the poetical "mimesis" and this, in comparison with the platonic approach of the question. Tn this aim, the following points will be analyzed : the origin (nature), the different domains where it can be found (education, poetical expression, painting, music) as well as the main effects (pleasure, purification) characteristic of the "mimesis" determined by Aristotle
Guéguen, Haud. "La mesure du possible chez Aristote : étude sur la notion aristotélicienne de "dunaton"." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010692.
Full textKleltz, Françoise. "La figure du philosophe chez Platon et chez Aristote confrontée à l'image de la sagesse dans des œuvres littéraires antérieures." Paris 4, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA040052.
Full textThe subject of this thesis is a study of the philosopher's appearance in Plato and in Aristotle compared to the wisdom's figure in anterior literature. Therefore, the matter of this analyze is not the wisdom and the philosophy considered from the point of view of their true nature, but a reflection on their images. There is three parts in that work: an analyze of the wise's figure for the authors of fictions; a presentation of the "character" of the philosopher in Plato’s and Aristotle’s texts; the questions revealed by these two figures. In the literary works, we have collected a selection of the texts which allowed to precise the image of the wisdom, then we have studied this problem successively in Homer, Hesiod, Aesop, Pindar, Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides, Herodotus, Thucydides, Aristophanes and Xenophon. Afterwards, in Plato and Aristotle, we have analyzed firstly the appearance and the behavior of the philosopher; secondly, his confrontation to the city; thirdly, his relationship with the people who are already wise but not completely philosopher according to Plato and Aristotle. In conclusion, we have tried to set the outline of the problem posed by the necessity of a "characterization" of philosophy
Gauthier-Muzellec, Marie-Hélène. "Eidos et ousia : les rapports de la forme et de la substance dans les livres centraux de la métaphysique (Z-H-O) : le cas particulier de l'âme." Paris 4, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA040038.
Full textThe aim is to demonstrate, using as one's starting point, the study of the elaboration of a minimal structure of relations between form and substance, the truly central role of books z-h-o, which play a fundamental part in the elaboration, while at the same time defining the conditions for applying and legitimating the structure involved. A systematic appraisal of the examples used by Aristotle may serve as a proof of this hypothesis and, at once, reveal the judiciousness of a graded scale of reference to the specific case of the soul, considered from a metaphysical point a view, but also from a psycho-physiological one. There are, therefore, two reasons for the privileged case of the soul, in so far as it governs the achievement of the structure, which has become a general model for the analysis of being and natural evolution, as well as resisting validity of the model it has permitted. Psycho-physiology of faculties becomes the unthinkable of the system it founds, which may coincide with the silent premiss of any rigorous metaphysic
Joachim, Henri-Gaël. "Heidegger et Aristote : pour une métaphysique de l'être-en-acte." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010538.
Full textThe confrontation between Heidegger and Aristotle allows to raise the problem of being in act. According to Heidegger, the apex of Aristotle’s thought lies in the discovery of being as energeia. In the course of his works on Aristotle, Heidegger has underlined the importance of the Aristotelian conception of the anteriority of actuality over potentiality. However, in his own philosophy, he has reversed this hierarchical relation by giving primacy to the possible over the actual. From the Heideggerian point of view, this inversion can be explained by his rejection of any form of onto-theo-logy. Now, from an Aristotelian point of view, it can also be explained by the "forgetting" of the distinction between the determination and the conditioning. Neglecting this distinction makes it impossible to discover actuality as principle and final cause of that which is. This amounts to a move from a theological inquiry in the order of being to a quest for the foundation or condition of possibility. As a matter of fact, Heidegger, in his commentaries on Aristotle’s metaphysics says nothing of the induction of being in act of book 9 chapter 6. It appears then that a rediscovery of being in act is necessary. The way leading to such a discovery must start from the judgment of existence, and go on with the inquiry into the principles of that which is. But after being and time, it is impossible to neglect the study of dasein. This is why, today, it is necessary to develop Aristotle’s perspective with a thinking of the "i am", in the light of being in act. M. D. Philippe has already attempted such an endeavor. It seems to us that his philosophical reflection enables us to go beyond the dilemma between Aristotle and Heidegger, and to articulate a metaphysics of being in act
Ehrmann, Sabine. "Laisser voir : contemplation et photographie." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010626.
Full textCarbone, Andrea L. "La représentation de l'organisation spatiale du corps chez Aristote." Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010691.
Full textGullino, Silvia. "L'Autarkeia e i suoi significati in Aristotele." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010593.
Full textCharfeddine, Slim. "Immédiateté et médiation dans le discours sur l'être chez Aristote et Hegel." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL30044.
Full textAs Nature - which loves to hide - mediation appears at first as missing or forgotten. Ontology develops spontaneously as a discourse affirming the immediacy of being. But if being is immediate, that is to say simple identity in itself, then no discourse on being is possible. Only mediation, which is negative identity, or even identity which exists through the articulation of otherness, enables ontology to exist as a discourse on being. But not only does the concept ofmediation enable ontology, but it also remarkably enlightens Aristotle’s Metaphysics. That is why we suggest an interpretation of Aristotle’s Metaphysics which shows its thematical unity through the concept of mediation.Then, the core of mediation is logic grasped thanks through the following steps : first of all through Plato’s philosophy of language, that interprets predicating as unity of the same nessand of the difference, then through Aristotle’s syllogistic logic based on the middle term, the true mediator of the terms of the conclusion, and finally through Hegel’s speculative logic.Finally, the concept of mediation enables the reader to somewhat make sense of the Historyof Philosophy and especially to sort typical answers (that is ideal types) regarding ontology’sforemost disputed point i.e. the relationship between being and discourse. Moreover, we will study two periods in the History of Philosophy : ancient philosophy starting from Parmenides’claim that being is immediate to Aristotle’s mediation, perceived as a purpose or the actualization of a potentiality or even entelechy and modern History from Descartes to Hegel during which a similar movement occurs but with a different starting point : the concept of actual infinity vs the concept of being
Gautier, Timothée. "Législation et éducation dans la politique d' Aristote." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022PA01H214.
Full textIn the first lines of Book VIII of the Politics, Aristotle affirms: “That therefore the legislator should above all be concerned with the education of young people, no one can dispute it. And, indeed, in cities where this is not the case, it is damaging to the constitution.” For Aristotle, the fundamental and primary role of the legislator is to lead the members of the city for which they are responsible to virtue by thereby guaranteeing its stability, its durability and its justice. It is on this pedagogical function of the politician that the present work focuses, which tries to bring to light "the circle of political action" by which good education produces good rulers who, in return, establish a political and pedagogical system favoring the diffusion of virtue in the city. The main challenge of the reflection is to determine the purposes of the action of the true politician and the privileged modalities of his intervention in the city in order to understand how, for Aristotle, a man becomes virtuous. Our intuition is as follows: the pedagogical perspective that can be brought to bear on the political work of Aristotle, from the point of view of the nomothete, makes it possible to understand its coherence and, if not to dissipate, at least to enlighten a certain number of the traditional difficulties encountered by exegesis. This intuition unfolds through three main axes relating to the nature and meaning of Aristotle's political and philosophical project, the purpose of education and the means and modalities of a true paideia
Guyomarc'h, Gweltaz. "Aux origines de la métaphysique : l’interprétation par Alexandre d’Aphrodise de la Métaphysique d’Aristote." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL30004.
Full textAristotle does not use the word "metaphysics". The books called "Metaphysics" clearly lack unity. The science called "metaphysics" seems to break the common epistemological rules set by Aristotle himself. From that point of view, it seems problematic to consider Aristotle as the "founding father of metaphysics". The present dissertation aims to show that the foundation of metaphysics as a science is also based on the work of the Ancient Commentators, especially Alexander of Aphrodisias (fl. 200 AD). Paradoxically, the "Exegete par excellence" makes it possible to be engaged in metaphysics without limiting metaphysics to explaining Aristotle's books. The reason is that he tries in fact to makes explicit and to enhance the unity of this work as well as to establish the unity of the corresponding science. According to him, metaphysics is both universal and the first true science. As such it constitutes the condition for any type of knowledge to be established as a science. Metaphysics is devoted to three main programs : the general study of being, the study of substance, the study of the first cause. These different programs are closed enough to be carried out within one single science. The passage from one level to another is guided by what I propose to call the Principle of Maximum Casuality. In this way, the substance is the higher being and the cause of being for all the rest ; the first cause is the higher and most thinkable substance, the cause of the order on the world, and what makes it intelligible. So the Exegete offers a strong view of the unity of metaphysics and thanks to this reappropriation Aristotle's work became the origin of a long-lasting tradition
Ogien, Ruwen. "La faiblesse de la volonté : (Aristote, Davidson)." Paris 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA010648.
Full textThree types of esplanation of human action are submitted to the aristotelician test of acrasia (weakness of will, intentional action aginst one's own better judgement) : the causal, the logical (the so-called practical syllogism) and the mixed (the aristotelician theory of phronesis or the davidsonian theory of practical reasoning). The conclusion is sceptical or negative. We don't have any convincing explantation or any good rational justification for our ordinary talk about the power of our desires and beliefs in the production and orientation of our actions
Aluze, Vincent. "Rhétorique et politique dans les "Librorum deperditorum Fragmenta" d'Aristote : avec présentation, édition, traduction, annotations et commentaire des fragments relatifs à la rhétorique, à l'éthique et à la politique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM3111.
Full textThe thesis investigates the relationship between rhetoric, ethics and politics in the fragments of Aristotle’s lost works, and more globally its relation in Aristotle’s entire philosophy. This study intends to understand if Aristotle, in opposition to his predecessors, is the « inventor » of the rhetoric – to which he awards the value of technique with a proper methodology and object in the eponym treatise – from is early years works, or if his conception of it evolved in time. In doing so, and considering the ethico-political aspects of these lost works, the thesis discusses the main interpretative hypothesis that have been proposed on this subject in order to support the theory of Aristotle’s thought consistency, more than its evolution. The study stands in two main parts. The first one consists in the edition, the translation sometimes unprecedented in French language, and the annotation of Librorum deperditorum’s fragments related to rhetoric and politics, including the corresponding critical apparatus. The second inspects the consistency of Aristotle’s thought using the fragments’ comments and in comparison to the works of the sophists (Protagoras, Gorgias, Isocrates, Lycophron), of Plato (Gorgias, Phaedrus) and of the aristotelian treatises. To proceed, a lexical study of the vocabulary used by Aristotle, a philosophic analysis of a few main concepts (andreia, eleutheriotês, eugeneia, metron, orgê, phronêsis) justified by their presence in the fragments and the rest of the Corpus aristotelicum, and a comprehensive textual exegesis have been undertaken
Bassu, Sébastien. ""Métron", entre "logos" et "praxis" dans la philosophie grecque, d'Homère à Aristote." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM3135.
Full textThis study is concerned with the notion of μέτρον in Greek Antiquity from Homer to Aristotle. This notion means the « measure ». Mέτρον is a term which goes across in the same time the History of Ideas and the different domains of the philosophical thought. So the question is the determination of the meaning and function of μέτρον. In the first time, the study undertakes the determination of the ethical and practical notion about the « due measure » in the archaïc thought, from archaïc poetry (Homer, Hesiod) to Seven Wise Men and Elegy (Solo and Theognis).Then, the study undertakes to show how the « measure » is elevated to a scientifical function thanks to the mathematical development. By this development, the notion of « measure » is integrated in the rationality (logos) and study of the Physics by the first Presocratic Philosophers (Milesians, Pythagoreans, Heraclitus and Parmenides) : the « measure » is applicated to the Time and Space in Universe. Then, Plato makes metron a central notion of his philosophical thought as an ethical, epistemological and metaphysical term. He develops his own conception of « measure » against the relativism of the measure inherited from the sophistic (Protagoras and Gorgias). Finally, this study is closed on an examen about the function of μέτρον in Aristotle’s Metaphysics, Physics and Ethics
Torrente, Luca. "Génération, nature et individuation chez Aristote." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2022SORUL015.pdf.
Full textMy thesis proposes to examine the problem of individuation in Aristotle’s philosophy from a study on the generation of living beings. This choice has made possible to approach a controversial problem from an almost unprecedented perspective. The first part of the thesis is an analysis of the generation of physical substances in the Aristotelian corpus. This chapter aims to highlight the specific characteristics of the absolute generation of substances in relation to other types of becoming. The second part studies the embryogenesis of the living beings from a perspective that seeks to integrate the hylomorphic model into another, more complex and exhaustive model, which is that of dynamic development. In the third part, the problem of individuation is addressed. We complete the analysis of the animal generation to its end: the development of the hereditary and particular characteristics of each individual. The two best-known theses – the identification of the principle of individuation with matter or form – are discussed and criticized. Finally, a solution is proposed that establishes three particular causes capable of explaining the generation of an individual as an individual, based on a passage from Metaphysics Λ 5. The fourth part considers the specificity of the human being in the question of individuation. It is a question of the individualization of man, the process by which a certain individual seeks to constitute himself as an agent subject and autonomous legal person within a given community
Groisard, Jocelyn, and Alexandre d'Aphrodisias. "Le "De mixtione" d'Alexandre d'Aphrodise : édition critique, traduction, commentaire, précédés d’une introduction à l’histoire du problème philosophique du mélange." Paris, EPHE, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EPHE5013.
Full textThis PhD research deals with mixture theories in ancient Greek philosophy and focuses on the treatise On mixture by the Peripatetic philosopher Alexander of Aphrodisias (ca. 200 A. D. ). This treatise is the only surviving work from antiquity devoted to the philosophical issue of mixture, that is, to the problem of how a plurality of things can be unified into one product and how one should account for both their reciprocal relation in process of mixture and their relation to the mixed product. This thesis is on the one hand philological nature as it provides a complete translation of Alexander ‘s treatise based on a new critical edition of the text from the manuscript tradition ; a first critical edition has been published by Buns in 1892, but from incomplete collations and without using one of the only two independent manuscripts, discovered only later by Vitelli ; a re-examination of the whole manuscript tradition was necessary and indeed allowed to improve on the text of former editions. This PhD thesis is also concerned with history of philosophy ; the edition of Alexander’s On mixture is followed by an analytical commentary and comes after a general study situating this work in the long-term history of ancient mixture theories, which is divided into three major trends : the Peripatetic tradition, of which Alexander is a main representative ; the mixture theory of the Stoics, which was sharply criticised by Alexander ; and eventually the transposition of physical mixture schemes in Neoplatonic metaphysics, a move initiated by Plotinus who was probably dependant on Alexander’s treatment of the mixture issue
Maskaleut, Steve. "Έξις (état) et πως έχειv (se-conduire-d'une certaine-manière) dans la pensée d'Aristote : attitude subjective, forme de l'action et du mouvement." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010628.
Full textCampbell, Matthieu. "Le plaisir dans la pensée d’Aristote : physiologie, essence, valeur et usage." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040069.
Full textI scrutinize Aristotle’s theory of pleasure by analysing the texts that define the concept as closely as can be, and by assessing the presuppositions and the stakes of this definition within Aristotle’s philosophy as a whole. My study is centred upon a commentary of Nicomachean Ethics X, 3-4 where the status of pleasure is enlightened with precision: located within a unique act of cognition (which is essentially a perfect and perpetual activity), pleasure is both an aspect that reveals our good functioning, and an incentive for us to keep it working in the exact same way. I explore the elements presupposed by this account, elucidating the opposition between “activity” (energeia) and process, and before, giving a new light to the formal features of the paradigm of a pleasant activity, i. e. perception, as it is conceived in the psychological treatises. I also explain how pleasures that do not follow this paradigm, i. e. bodily pleasures, are not seen by Aristotle as some effective pleasures at all. The last phase in this work is devoted to an assessment of the discourse on pleasure according to its aim: delivering to a teacher the knowledge he needs in order to produce virtues and happiness. I underline that, from the elements given by Aristotle, it is difficult, but necessary, to make a distinction between the pleasure one can feel at goodness and this very same goodness towards which one must strive. It is quite as difficult to conceive and evaluate all the forms of pleasure education has to regulate, as well as those that it must lead one to feel (pleasure deriving from the best practice, or from the best contemplation)
Garcia, Gilles. "Pour une conception du passage à l'acte à partir de Aristote et Lacan." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010661.
Full textSoulier, Philippe. "De l'illimité à l'infini : l'interprétation néoplatonicienne de l'ἄπειρον selon le commentaire de Simplicius à la "Physique" d'Aristote (livre III, ch. 4-8)." Paris, EPHE, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EPHE5020.
Full textThe core of this thesis is the first translation into French of about sixty-seven pages from Simplicius’ Greek text in the Diels edition (Commentaria in Aristotelem Graeca, vol. IX, Berlin, 1882, p. 451. 10–518. 31). It is preceded by a general introduction which brings to light the Neoplatonic background of this section of the Commentary. This introduction, presented in the first volume, includes four chief sections. The first one brings out what philosophical meaning Simplicius recognizes in the Aristotelian text about apeiron. The second one underscores how his interpretation is anchored in Neoplatonism. It studies the “orthodox” doctrine of apeiron as presented by Proclus (In Parmenidem, VI, col. 1118. 7 -1124. 37 Cousin). We offer an original translation of this text, which allows us to set the levels of apeiron which concerns Simplicius. We also consider how the latter involves the transcendent infinite in interpreting the doctrines of the Pythagoreans, Anaxagoras and Plato. The third section gives a historical account of Neoplatonic apeiron from Plotinus to Damascius and studies its interference with the Neopythagorean history of the Indefinite Dyad. The fourth section analyses the method of exegesis used by Simplicius. The second volume includes the translation of Simplicius’ text, provided with subheads and footnotes. It is preceded by an analytical summary and followed by a metacommentary which offers a detailed analysis of each lemma’s structure and also further notes. We lastly offer a thematical bibliography and a Greek-French index
Margel, Serge. "Le reste et le temps : étude sur la représentation temporelle de l'étant chez Aristote, Hegel et Heidegger." Paris, EHESS, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992EHES0328.
Full textThe object of this study on the question of time in aristotle, hegel res, , ), gthned by his correspondence andheidegger is to determine the metaphysical boudaries which limit res, , ), gthned by his correspondence the traditional concept of time. - we will follow closely the heideg- res, , ), gthned by his correspondence gerian interpretation of the history of metaphysics and will analyse res, , ), gthned by his correspondence his conception of the historial relation between being and time inse res, , ), gthned by his correspondence which the meaning of being is always already determined by the horizon res, , ), gthned by his correspondence of time. From there, we will try to understand in the first book how res, , ), gthned by his correspondence this inevitable temporal predetermination is concieved by aristotle res, , ), gthned by his correspondence and hegel. In the second book, we will attempt to analyse how the me- res, , ), gthned by his correspondence taphysical presuppositions of this predetermination can befound, albeit res, , ), gthned by his correspondence stronly displaced, in heidegger's work. Rmination can befound, albeit res, , ), gthned by his correspondence
Bartocci, Barbara. "Dialectical reasoning and topical argument in the middle ages : an inquiry into the commentaries on aristotle's "topics" (1250-1500)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR2035.
Full textFor anyone who intends to inquiry into the reception fo the Arisotelian Topics in the Middle Age, the inevitable starting point is the unique monography dealing with this issue, namely The Tradition of the Topics in the Middle Ages. The Commentaries on Aristotie‘s and Boethius ‘Topics’, published by Nigel Jørgen Green-Pedersen in 1984. Since the publication of this volume, scholarly research on medieval logic has shown the need to define better there suits of Green-Pedersens ‘s analysis. My PhD thesis aims at placing the commentators of the Topics in their intellectual context. Through the analysis of manuscript material, I have tried to show the bearing of authors’ diverse philosophical orientations on their approach to and reflections on the Aristotelian work. The earliest Parisian masters who commented on the Topics were concemed with issues that originated from the literaI explanation of the text, e.g. whether the various types of syllogisms had different forms or whether they differentiated only materially. Their prosecutors, namely the modistic authors Boethius of Dacia, Simon of Faversham and Radulphus Brito analysed the Topics in a different way. They paid special attention to metalogical questions, which were beyond the scope of the mere literal explication of the text. In mid-14th century, the Parisian master of art John Buridan proposed an innovative view about the proper subject of dialectic: it was dialectical argumentation, namely a probative or convincing reasoning which brought the agent an epistemic gain, although it could be formally invaiid. Buridan’s opinion about the subject matter of dialectic was adopted by 15th century masters, who taught in University that were nominalist in orientation. In those 15th century Universities in which the via antiqua provided the intellectual setting for masters and scholars, commentators of Aristotle’s Topics were influenced by 13th century commentators, such as Albert the Great. The English reception of the Aristotelian Topics was significantly diverse from the continental or Parisian tradition. The commentaries written by Pseudo-Bonaventure, John Duns Scotus and Walter Burley shared common features, which were strictly connected to terministic logic and which were not present in Parisian commentaries of the same period
Lurson, Guillaume. "Ravaisson et le problème de la métaphysique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU20054.
Full textFar from a mere label created for the purpose of historical classification, Ravaisson’s spiritualism opens the horizon of a refoundation of metaphysics at the heart of the French 19th century. From Aristotle’s Metaphysics, Ravaisson puts together a critique of what can be called “the metaphysics of separation”, the starting point of which is to be found in the writings of the Stagira-born philosopher. From there, he will endeavor to elaborate a philosophy that affirms the identity of Being and Thought far from any transcendence or dualism. That is how the question of metaphysics can be posed: can one overcome the aporia inherited from Aristotle’s Metaphysics, and stitch up the gap between the entity and the Being, Nature and the Spirit, or even Man and God? Or should one, on the contrary, consider that separation defines the inaugural gesture of metaphysics? By refusing this latter possibility, Ravaisson builds a philosophy that entirely refutes Kant’s transcendental idealism, or Comte’s positivism and, more broadly even, any materialistic way of thinking. The lost unity of metaphysics, that is, its possibility, must thus be sought by questioning Aristotle’s heritage, in order to determine whether one should think with, or against it
Goncalves, de Oliveira Eraci. "Membre articulé : modèle anatomique de l'automotricité dans le De motu animalium d'Aristote : un opérateur de la pensée de l'immanence." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H233.
Full textThis thesis proposes to reflect on the kinetic character of the analogical method adopted in De Motu Animalium of Aristotle. Considering that the object of the treatise is the common cause of the movement of animais, in general, automotricity is the "thème" while the articulated member is the ''phore" in De Motu's analogical reasoning. Hypothetically we consider that the plastic strategies of the analogical method of De motu are the guiding thread of the reasoning undertaken in the research on the common cause of the motility of ail animal movements. Our general double aim is: on the one hand, to take philosophical acquisitions on the immanent character of the principle of movement, and on the other hand, to grasp the kinetic and plastic character of this philosophical enterprise, which involves dynamic methodological procedures in view of the adaptation of the method to the object. We seek to achieve these objectives through two analyses: first, the analysis of the stages of the establishment of the articulated member paradigm (AMP), and then the analysis of the main analogy of the treatise, between the articulated limb and the animated automotricity. Through the two analyses we must gather the necessary elements to confront the two tenns of the main analogy, as well as to verify the general validity of the thesis and also the consideration according to which the analogical method of De Motu Animalium is a plastic instrument of the thought of immanence
Alloa, Emmanuel. "Das durchscheinende Bild." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010518.
Full textManzini, Frédéric. "Spinoza : lecteur d'Aristote." Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040157.
Full textMoor, Mieke de. "Aristote et la question du temps : avec la traduction française de l'ouvrage de Gernot Böhme, "Zeit und Zahl" introduction, première et deuxième parties relatives à Platon et Aristote." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3090.
Full textThe dissertation provides an analysis of the Aristotelian theory of time based on Physics IV, 10–14, and does so from a new perspective examining the historical and intellectual context of the study of time in Aristotle's work, which leads to the presentation of a theoretical and practical history of the notion χρόνος in ancient Greece. This analysis is subsequently related to the question as to how Aristotle himself uses this concept in his so-called descriptive works. In this respect, Aristotle's History of Animals occupies a special place in this analysis, to the extent that a detailed examination of all the occurrences of χρόνος in this work provides elements corroborating the interpretation of Physics IV, 10-14 as well as of Aristotle's attempt to provide foundations for a theory of time based on physics and not on mathematics. The objective of this analysis is to show that the question of time as presented by Aristotle amounts to a proper attempt to think of time and present as single concepts based on their respective multiplicities. Furthermore, this dissertation is accompanied by a partial translation of the German work of Gernot Böhme : Zeit und Zahl, Studien zur Zeittheorie Bei Platon, Aristoteles, Leibniz und Kant, 1974, which is the published version of the Habilitationsschrift of the author. The translation concerns, in addition to the introduction, the chapters on Plato and Aristotle
Guérin, Charles. "L'élaboration de la notion rhétorique de "persona" au Ier siècle av. J. -C. : antécédents grecs et enjeux cicéroniens." Paris 12, 2006. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002535200204611&vid=upec.
Full textThis thesis intends to study the theoretical means by which the Latin rhetoric of the first century BCE has understood the ethical aspect of rhetorical performances and has progressively built a category suited to the peculiarities of the late Roman republic : the notion of persona, which, in its rhetorical meaning, corresponds to the merits mentioned by the orator in his own speech and to the ethos he conveys through his argumentation, style, voice and gestures. This work seeks to demonstrate that the notion of persona is no strict equivalent of the Greek notion of h\qo". It emphasizes therefore how historical and ideological contexts must be taken into account when rhetorical theory tries to deal with oratorical ethos. The first part of this study uses the Athenian theory of h\qo" and its political value as a reference in order to give the notion of persona its particular rhetorical meaning. It then becomes possible to study how this notion slowly emerges, detaches itself from Greek rhetorical tradition and takes into account the symbolical, ideological and practical realities of the Roman aristocratic environment in the anonymous Rhetorica ad Herennium and Cicero’s De inuentione. The last part of this study analyzes how Cicero gives a true theoretical status to the notion of persona in his mature works and uses it for philosophical and rhetorical purposes that are wider than they were in the first Latin rhetorical texts
Vanandruel, Jean-Pierre. "L'analyse du mouvement dans les traités de philosophie de la nature et dans les traités métaphysiques d'Aristote." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H230.
Full textAristotle's Metaphysics contains analyses of movement. The present thesis seeks to determine the reasons for their presence in these texts, and the point of view - different from that of physics - under which Aristotle studies what the causes and principles of natural movements are. A study of previous opinions and the construction of correlative aporias shows that Aristotle situates the inquiry of the Metaphysics in continuity with those of other philosophers: the aim is to conceive what the first principles of all things, or of all beings, are, in a way that improves on the Physicists and the Platonists. Now, since he criticises his predecessors’ principles on the ground that they are incapable of explaining natural movements, we can conclude that the solutions conceived by Aristotle do provide first principles capable of accounting for natural movements. The wisdom and the first science of the Metaphysics is, in my view, this search for the first principles and the first causes. This science is the science of substance, and so is distinguished from physical science, in that it establishes that substances are the first principles of all things, and this in three different senses: (1) substances are principles of all things, since without them there can be no other beings and no movement; (2) the form is first substance and principle of compound substances; and, with matter, it is an ungenerated principle for their generations and their movements; (3) there are substances that are prior to natural substances: the ordered movers of the movements of the celestial spheres
Graziani, Françoise. "La pensée fossile mythe et poésie : d’Aristote a Vico." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040187.
Full textThe old dispute between the Philosopher and the Poet, which leads to the dichotomy betweenLogos and Mythos, can be turned into a settlement as long as one changes one’s viewpoint. WhilePlato only considered their difference as a source of discord and division, Aristotle drew from it aPoetic and a Rhetoric, the Renaissance poets a Poetical Philosophy, and Vico a language’sAnthropology and an Archeology of the Thought. What is considered by the Moderns to be a « wildthinking » was seen by the Ancients as an archaic wisdom, expressed through figures and« translating the voices of nature into the language of gods ».The purpose here is to reassess the concepts of Poetic and Mythic thought by adopting theviewpoint of the poets of the Renaissance and the Baroque era. Those cleary identified these twospecific thinkings with the wit’s power to produce metaphors, figures and fictions. In order to achievethis research, it is important to revisit the antic sources, so as to enlight the effective polysemysupporting the ancient ways used to interpret myths. Far from categorising the stance of the physics,the morals and the theology, the Ancients used to gather them into a comprehensive « poeticscience » : it reunited the synthesis of all knowledge but has become a fossilised science