Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Aristote (0384-0322 av. J.-C. ; philosophe) – Contribution à la physique'
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Cherif, Zahar Farah. "Le traité d’Aristote sur l’éternité du mouvement. Traduction et commentaire de Physique VIII." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040186.
Full textThe dissertation consists of a new translation of the eighth book of Aristotle’s Physics followed by a linear and analytical commentary of the treatise. Based on a study of the contemporary secondary literature and a close examination of the Greek and Arabic exegesis, the aim of this work is to identify and analyse the difficulties of interpretation as well as the philosophical problems that arise inside the Aristotelian system. It demonstrates that Book VIII is all the way long a study of the eternity of motion and gives rise to three very different interpretations according to the way one understands the nature of this eternity. After a presentation of the first reading of the treatise, common to the Neoplatonist tradition (Philoponus and Simplicius) and the first Arabic reception of the text (Fārābī, Ibn Bāǧǧa and the young Averroes), and of the second reading, specific to the late works of Averroes, this research distances itself from both historical interpretations and develops a new reading of the treatise closer to the Aristotelian text
Pralon, Didier. "Les témoignages d'Aristote sur les atomistes anciens dans le fragment 208, dans les traités de la Métaphysique, de la Physique, du De Caelo et du De Generatione et Corruptione." Aix-Marseille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX10016.
Full textCherif, Zahar Farah. "Le traité d’Aristote sur l’éternité du mouvement. Traduction et commentaire de Physique VIII." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040186.
Full textThe dissertation consists of a new translation of the eighth book of Aristotle’s Physics followed by a linear and analytical commentary of the treatise. Based on a study of the contemporary secondary literature and a close examination of the Greek and Arabic exegesis, the aim of this work is to identify and analyse the difficulties of interpretation as well as the philosophical problems that arise inside the Aristotelian system. It demonstrates that Book VIII is all the way long a study of the eternity of motion and gives rise to three very different interpretations according to the way one understands the nature of this eternity. After a presentation of the first reading of the treatise, common to the Neoplatonist tradition (Philoponus and Simplicius) and the first Arabic reception of the text (Fārābī, Ibn Bāǧǧa and the young Averroes), and of the second reading, specific to the late works of Averroes, this research distances itself from both historical interpretations and develops a new reading of the treatise closer to the Aristotelian text
Souchard, Bertrand. "Aristote, de la physique à la métaphysique, réceptivité et causalité." Dijon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DIJOL004.
Full textGuremen, Refik. "L'homme, le plus politique des animaux : essai sur les "Politiques" d'Aristote, livre I, chapitre 2." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010678.
Full textThis dissertation is dedicated to an exclusive study of Aristotle's "Politics", I, 2. It aims at analyzing Aristotle's affirmation that human beings are more political than the other political animals (Pol., I, 1, 1253a7-9). According to the most widely shared views about Aristotle's argument here, human beings would be more political either because they are rational, or because they have a natural capacity for speech or because they are perceptive about questions of morality. According to the idea defended in this study, although these exclusively human features are not impertinent to the specific form that human beings' political life takes, human beings' higher degree of politicalness cannot be explained on the basis of them. After a detailed examination of certain difficulties and shortcomings in contemporary commentaries on Politics, l, 2, we develop the thesis that according to Aristotle, the human being is more political because it is a gregarious animal of multiple communities. For Aristotle, human beings develop this multiplicity of communities for the sake of self-sufficiency. In order to show that this thesis is in conformity with Aristotle's other main idea that the polis exists for the sake of living-well, we demonstrate that elements of a different conception of living-well, based more on human being's animality than its rnorality, are present in Aristotle’s work. Aristotle's affirmation that the polis exists for the sake of living-well must be understood in this rather zoological sense of living-well
Torrente, Luca. "Génération, nature et individuation chez Aristote." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2022SORUL015.pdf.
Full textMy thesis proposes to examine the problem of individuation in Aristotle’s philosophy from a study on the generation of living beings. This choice has made possible to approach a controversial problem from an almost unprecedented perspective. The first part of the thesis is an analysis of the generation of physical substances in the Aristotelian corpus. This chapter aims to highlight the specific characteristics of the absolute generation of substances in relation to other types of becoming. The second part studies the embryogenesis of the living beings from a perspective that seeks to integrate the hylomorphic model into another, more complex and exhaustive model, which is that of dynamic development. In the third part, the problem of individuation is addressed. We complete the analysis of the animal generation to its end: the development of the hereditary and particular characteristics of each individual. The two best-known theses – the identification of the principle of individuation with matter or form – are discussed and criticized. Finally, a solution is proposed that establishes three particular causes capable of explaining the generation of an individual as an individual, based on a passage from Metaphysics Λ 5. The fourth part considers the specificity of the human being in the question of individuation. It is a question of the individualization of man, the process by which a certain individual seeks to constitute himself as an agent subject and autonomous legal person within a given community
Dos, Santos Nélio Gilberto. "Préservation et Usage. Le dualisme de la fin chez Aristote." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL142.
Full textAccording to Aristotle, the final cause is twofold, as it indicates in five strategic places of the corpus: concerning the causal relation between finality and matter, in Physics II; with respect to the purpose of animal reproduction, in De Anima II; and a little further on, in this same work, this dualism is affirmed to enlighten the way in which the soul is end for the body; in Eudemian Ethics, where is it to specify the way in which the god is an end for practical wisdom; finally, concerning the teleological causality of the Prime Mover, in Metaphysics Λ. This teleological dualism, formulated in the occurrences of De Anima II through the technical expression τὸ οὗ and τὸ ᾧ, having been developed in a study that has not survived to our times, is frequently understood in terms of purpose in technical production and translated by "purpose" and "beneficiary". However, this attempt to clarify this laconic expression raises quite significant problems, including that of its relevance for the approach of the natural phenomena that it is supposed to explain. This study attempts to restore this dualism of the end at the centre of Aristotelian understanding of teleology. The examination of occurrences, as well as the study of the major themes of finality in Aristotle's philosophy of nature, lead us to put forward two notions that make explicit what the teleological dualism refers to: the notion of usage, χρῆσις, and that of preservation, σωτηρία
Aluze, Vincent. "Rhétorique et politique dans les "Librorum deperditorum Fragmenta" d'Aristote : avec présentation, édition, traduction, annotations et commentaire des fragments relatifs à la rhétorique, à l'éthique et à la politique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM3111.
Full textThe thesis investigates the relationship between rhetoric, ethics and politics in the fragments of Aristotle’s lost works, and more globally its relation in Aristotle’s entire philosophy. This study intends to understand if Aristotle, in opposition to his predecessors, is the « inventor » of the rhetoric – to which he awards the value of technique with a proper methodology and object in the eponym treatise – from is early years works, or if his conception of it evolved in time. In doing so, and considering the ethico-political aspects of these lost works, the thesis discusses the main interpretative hypothesis that have been proposed on this subject in order to support the theory of Aristotle’s thought consistency, more than its evolution. The study stands in two main parts. The first one consists in the edition, the translation sometimes unprecedented in French language, and the annotation of Librorum deperditorum’s fragments related to rhetoric and politics, including the corresponding critical apparatus. The second inspects the consistency of Aristotle’s thought using the fragments’ comments and in comparison to the works of the sophists (Protagoras, Gorgias, Isocrates, Lycophron), of Plato (Gorgias, Phaedrus) and of the aristotelian treatises. To proceed, a lexical study of the vocabulary used by Aristotle, a philosophic analysis of a few main concepts (andreia, eleutheriotês, eugeneia, metron, orgê, phronêsis) justified by their presence in the fragments and the rest of the Corpus aristotelicum, and a comprehensive textual exegesis have been undertaken
Soulier, Philippe. "De l'illimité à l'infini : l'interprétation néoplatonicienne de l'ἄπειρον selon le commentaire de Simplicius à la "Physique" d'Aristote (livre III, ch. 4-8)." Paris, EPHE, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EPHE5020.
Full textThe core of this thesis is the first translation into French of about sixty-seven pages from Simplicius’ Greek text in the Diels edition (Commentaria in Aristotelem Graeca, vol. IX, Berlin, 1882, p. 451. 10–518. 31). It is preceded by a general introduction which brings to light the Neoplatonic background of this section of the Commentary. This introduction, presented in the first volume, includes four chief sections. The first one brings out what philosophical meaning Simplicius recognizes in the Aristotelian text about apeiron. The second one underscores how his interpretation is anchored in Neoplatonism. It studies the “orthodox” doctrine of apeiron as presented by Proclus (In Parmenidem, VI, col. 1118. 7 -1124. 37 Cousin). We offer an original translation of this text, which allows us to set the levels of apeiron which concerns Simplicius. We also consider how the latter involves the transcendent infinite in interpreting the doctrines of the Pythagoreans, Anaxagoras and Plato. The third section gives a historical account of Neoplatonic apeiron from Plotinus to Damascius and studies its interference with the Neopythagorean history of the Indefinite Dyad. The fourth section analyses the method of exegesis used by Simplicius. The second volume includes the translation of Simplicius’ text, provided with subheads and footnotes. It is preceded by an analytical summary and followed by a metacommentary which offers a detailed analysis of each lemma’s structure and also further notes. We lastly offer a thematical bibliography and a Greek-French index
Vanandruel, Jean-Pierre. "L'analyse du mouvement dans les traités de philosophie de la nature et dans les traités métaphysiques d'Aristote." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H230.
Full textAristotle's Metaphysics contains analyses of movement. The present thesis seeks to determine the reasons for their presence in these texts, and the point of view - different from that of physics - under which Aristotle studies what the causes and principles of natural movements are. A study of previous opinions and the construction of correlative aporias shows that Aristotle situates the inquiry of the Metaphysics in continuity with those of other philosophers: the aim is to conceive what the first principles of all things, or of all beings, are, in a way that improves on the Physicists and the Platonists. Now, since he criticises his predecessors’ principles on the ground that they are incapable of explaining natural movements, we can conclude that the solutions conceived by Aristotle do provide first principles capable of accounting for natural movements. The wisdom and the first science of the Metaphysics is, in my view, this search for the first principles and the first causes. This science is the science of substance, and so is distinguished from physical science, in that it establishes that substances are the first principles of all things, and this in three different senses: (1) substances are principles of all things, since without them there can be no other beings and no movement; (2) the form is first substance and principle of compound substances; and, with matter, it is an ungenerated principle for their generations and their movements; (3) there are substances that are prior to natural substances: the ordered movers of the movements of the celestial spheres
Moor, Mieke de. "Aristote et la question du temps : avec la traduction française de l'ouvrage de Gernot Böhme, "Zeit und Zahl" introduction, première et deuxième parties relatives à Platon et Aristote." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3090.
Full textThe dissertation provides an analysis of the Aristotelian theory of time based on Physics IV, 10–14, and does so from a new perspective examining the historical and intellectual context of the study of time in Aristotle's work, which leads to the presentation of a theoretical and practical history of the notion χρόνος in ancient Greece. This analysis is subsequently related to the question as to how Aristotle himself uses this concept in his so-called descriptive works. In this respect, Aristotle's History of Animals occupies a special place in this analysis, to the extent that a detailed examination of all the occurrences of χρόνος in this work provides elements corroborating the interpretation of Physics IV, 10-14 as well as of Aristotle's attempt to provide foundations for a theory of time based on physics and not on mathematics. The objective of this analysis is to show that the question of time as presented by Aristotle amounts to a proper attempt to think of time and present as single concepts based on their respective multiplicities. Furthermore, this dissertation is accompanied by a partial translation of the German work of Gernot Böhme : Zeit und Zahl, Studien zur Zeittheorie Bei Platon, Aristoteles, Leibniz und Kant, 1974, which is the published version of the Habilitationsschrift of the author. The translation concerns, in addition to the introduction, the chapters on Plato and Aristotle
Ribas, Marie-Noëlle. "EMPEIRIA. La querelle de l'expérience (Aristote, Platon, Isocrate)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2015. https://acces.bibliotheque-diderot.fr/login?url=https://doi.org/10.15122/isbn.978-2-406-08717-5.
Full textThis dissertation investigates how Aristotle, Plato and Isocrates use the notion of empeiria and promote a certain conception of experience, in order to defend themselves from the charge of inexperience made against them, and also in order to debate about the question of excellence in the theoretical, technical and practical fields. This study sheds some new lights on ancient empiricism, by investigating, on one hand, Plato’s and Aristotle’s criticism against an empiricist sophistic approach of knowledge and action, and, on the other hand, the so-called Aristotelian empiricism. Although the concept of ‘empiricism’ has no equivalent in Greek, Plato uses the notion of empeiria to designate a non-technical form of action, in order to underlie a lack of technicality and to question the value of what some sophists claim to teach under the name of technai. While insisting on a philosophical kind of experience of truth, Plato criticizes what appears to be the empiricism of those who ignore the theoretical and practical value of the knowledge of intelligible realities. Aristotle goes beyond this stance by re-evaluating positively the role of empeiria, both in its cognitive and practical aspects, as a specific kind of knowledge, derived from sense-perception. He still criticizes the empiricism of those who fail to reach a certain kind of knowledge, namely the knowledge of universals, but also adds a criticism against those who lack the knowledge of particulars acquired through sense-perception and experience.If Aristotle is no more an empiricist than Plato, since he does not recognize sense-perception as the principle of knowledge and as the criterion of the truth, his rationalism is quite different from Plato’s, because of the important role he gives to sense-perception and experience in all areas. This study intends to break through in the direction of some distinctions in ancient philosophy, such as the distinction between Plato’s logical rationalism and Aristotle’s empirical rationalism, which would enable us to re-evaluate the originality of the Ancients on some fundamental issues like the problem of the origin and principle of knowledge and of good action
Zambiasi, Roberto. "'Minima sensibilia'. The Medieval Latin Debate (ca. 1250-ca. 1350) and Its Roots." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPSLP006.
Full textThe thesis focuses on one of the least studied topics in Medieval Latin Aristotelian natural philosophy (ca. 1250-ca. 1350), i.e., the so-called topic of "minima sensibilia". If, as claimed most notably in "Physics" VI, magnitudes are (potentially) infinitely divisible, a dilemma arises with respect to the limits of the divisibility of sensible qualities through the division of the matter (considered as an extended magnitude) with which they are united. Either sensible qualities are also (potentially) infinitely divisible (but this implies that the senses should have an infinite power in order to perceive them, against a fundamental Aristotelian assumption concerning the limits of every power existing in nature), or they are not (potentially) infinitely divisible (in this case, however, there would be portions of matter that can neither be cognised by the senses nor, evidently, by the intellect, and, what is worse, sensible entities would be ultimately composed of them, something entirely unacceptable in the Aristotelian worldview). To solve the dilemma, Aristotle, in Chapter 6 of the "De sensu et sensato" (445b3-446a20), makes use of the distinction between act and potency, affirming that sensible qualities are infinitely divisible in potency as part of the whole to which they belong, but there are minimal quantities of matter that can exist in act on their own endowed with their sensible qualities. The thesis investigates the reflection conducted by Medieval Latin commentators of the "De sensu et sensato" (always read in connection with their Greek and Islamic sources) on the subject of "minima sensibilia", using it as a privileged gateway to study from a new and original point of view the Medieval Latin conception of the ontology and of the epistemology of sensible qualities. Indeed, through a close scrutiny of the debate (which is accompanied by a thorough reconstruction of the complex manuscript tradition of Medieval Latin "De sensu" commentaries, that have hitherto been largely neglected by scholars) it is demonstrated that Medieval Latin commentators progressively developed a conception according to which sensible qualities can exist on their own in the natural world without being perceptible in act due to the smallness of the matter with which they are united. Such sensible qualities (that are sometimes called "insensibilia propter parvitatem") can, nevertheless, become perceptible in act by uniting with each other. Thanks to this fundamental development, not only sensible qualities started to be understood mostly in autonomy from their role in perception, but the sensible world became suddenly much more extended than the world that can be perceived by the senses, with the consequence that the confidence in the human ability to cognise its ultimate structure began to crumble
Valdivia, Fuenzalida José Antonio. "La démonstration selon Thomas d’Aquin. Une étude sur la réception des Seconds Analytiques au XIIIème siècle." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL004.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to reconstruct the set of theoretical questionings supposed by the authors who participate in Posterior Analytics’ reception during the 13th century. Considering that the doctrine contained in this Aristotle’s work is difficult to interpret in a systematical approach is inevitable that its progressive reception would have been guided by metaphysics and epistemological questionings, partially shared by these authors. The present research is an attempt to track down these questionings, with the objective of proposing a systematic reconstruction of the theory contained in the commentaries of the Posterior Analytics during that period. This systematic reconstruction offers a unified vision of the aspects assessed in this investigation. This due to the identification of a general question which would determine the orientation of specific ones. Thomas Aquinas is the author about whom most of the analyses are focused. But always considering the aim of comprehending questions which guide all this tradition of comments, two other comments have been studied: Robert Grosseteste and Alberto the Great. The thesis proposed is that the Posterior Analytics’ reception during the 13th century, reflects an attempt to answer the following question: which characteristics must a perfect knowledge possess? In accordance with this thesis, the doctrines developed in commentaries regarding this Aristotle’s work did not seek to propose a method of true knowledge of reality. The properties of a demonstration, regarding its shape and content of the propositions that compose it, would describe an ideal of perfect knowledge
Spaak, Claude Vishnu. "Interprétations phénoménologiques de la Physique d'Aristote chez Heidegger et Patočka." Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040171.
Full textThis thesis confronts the Heideggerian and Patočkian interpretations of the fundamental concepts of Aristotelian Physics. Both interpretations share a point in common: according to Heidegger and Patočka, Aristotle conceives movement as a fundamental ontological determination of Being. Indeed, movement (κίνησις/μεταβολή) is conceived by Aristotle as a process of unconcealment, of coming into presence of entities in the openness of manifest being. Nevertheless, Heidegger and Patočka disagree on the way that one should understand the meaning of this ontological movement at the core of nature (φύσις). This thesis is entirely dedicated to examining these differences. Our aim is to show, through Heidegger’s and Patočka’s interpretations of Aristotle, that there are two distinct and by all means opposed conceptions of the meaning and status of phenomenological ontology itself. This thesis concludes both to Heidegger’s philosophical idealism, and to Patočka’s contrary attempt to build a cosmological realism that challenges to a certain extent the identity between Being and meaning. In the working out of this thesis, a very particular focus is drawn on the concept that concentrates the entire charge of the tension, i.e. the concept of matter (ὕλη)