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Academic literature on the topic 'Aristote (0384-0322 av. J.-C. ; philosophe)'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Aristote (0384-0322 av. J.-C. ; philosophe)"
Angelis, Nicolas K. "L'être et la justice chez Aristote." Paris 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA020008.
Full textThe being and the justice in accordance with aristotle are examined under the angle of the relationship existing between the knowing subject (man) and the object of knowledge. The knowledge enables the knowing subject to appropriate the qualities of its object and is divided in theory and in practice, in proportion to whether it refers to the universe or the man respectively. Thus the word being means either the universe or the human society. The universe is a total within which are included certain being, i. E. , the substances: god, substances of the heaven (planets) and natural substances (natural bodies). The component elements of the natural substances are the passive material and the active form the cause of the change and movement. The justice refers to the human political society. The unit of social relationships constitutes the particular object of justice. The relationship of governorgoverned is the object of distributive political science. In accordance with aristotle the governing of the state must be committed to the best citizen. The financial relationships and the distribution of wealth is the object of corrective justice
Brague, Rémi. "Aristote et la question du monde." Paris 4, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040002.
Full textSome aspects of aristotle's metaphysics, physics, ethics and psychology can be accounted for as dim echoes of a concept a. Never dealt with thematically : being-in-theworld (heidegger's in-der-welt-sein). Classical greek though as a whole, although it was fascinated by the orderliness of the cosmos, hardly asked what being-in-the world means (ch. 1). The experience of facticity, which is one of its main features, enables a. To justify philosophical life in the protrepticus, but he conceives of this life as focussing on contemplation, i. E. Access to what emphatically is (ch. 2). A. Never got rid of this ambiguity, which arises from such a transposition : his ethics bear witness of his hesitating between two subjects of moral life : the i whom it behoves to act, because of his uniqueness, gives way to man as defined by his place among other parts of the universe (ch. 3 & 4). A. Therefore has to define man as the worldliest of all sublunar beings : he imitates the universe thanks to his universality and because he can grasp the highest beings (ch. 5). Nevertheless, a. Cannot define topos - the place in which things are - without his referring to our paculiar way of being there, although he later brings back the idea of universe through his theory of the dimensions of human body as rooted in the objective structure of the cosmos (ch. 6). The difficulties in a. "s definition of the soul as well as in his doctrine of the active intellect stem from his attempt at translating what he silently conceives of as the vey openness of the world through our presence, into the optics of worddly realitywhat compels him to reduce soul to consciousness of what takes place among things of the world. (ch. 7). A. Conceives the universe in a way which leads him to dis- card specifically human motion on behalf of the heavenly beings' absolute continuity. However, the first mover's self-contemplation mirrors the unresolved ambiguity of hu- man energeia : both the pure act of being there and the activity of contemplating the highest being coalesce in it (ch. 8). However, a. 's central ontological concept, en- ergeia, cannot be defined apart from the experience of our being there (ch. 9)
Bégorre-Bret, Cyrille. "Aristote et la définition de l'homme." Paris 10, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA100167.
Full textScholars usually think that Aristode makes a de finition of man. But they don't analyze the different phrases made by Aristode on man through his own conception of de finition. Definition is a very specific kind of sentence which offers the most fondamental scientific knowledge about a being. It must comply certain characteristics. It must in particular be universal, i. E. Hold for ail the deftniendum. But if one tries to collect, compare and scrutinize these different formulas, one can unexpectedly see that none of them can be considered as the definition of man by the Philosopher. The famous phrases describing men as politicaI or rationaI animaIs can't be definitionnal in Aristode's view because they don't fit his own definitional standards: they don't show a characterist universally owned by men and by men only. Aristode's conception of man is not aimed at deflning him but at describing his naturaI features or at showing his dignity
Lefebvre, René. "La ressemblance chez Aristote." Paris 4, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA040115.
Full textIt seems that the place of likeness is less important in Aristotle than in Plato and pre-Socratic philosophy: paradigmatism, cratylism, presocratic dynamics or fascination for pseudos and eidola are dead. However, even while breaking, Aristotle goes on speaking of the resemblance of the opposites, and of the likeness of forms in the perceived thing and the perceiving mind. More, he makes likeness become a semantic theme of henology, and lets it go on trying to unify the world, qua analogy in horizontality, and vertical mimesis in cosmo-theology. Dialectic considers it as an indispensable organon of definition, induction and hypothetical reasoning. Thoughts are called homoiomata, and Aristotle discovers phantasia. Contra Plato, he understands what is valuable in poetical mimesis. As a biologist, he stresses upon the resemblance between parents and children, because he considers that reproduction is the perpetuation of a type
Châteauvieux, Marie de. "Justice et amitié selon Aristote." Paris 4, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA040100.
Full textMurgier, Charlotte. "Recherches sur le platonisme d'Aristote et ses limites en philosophie pratique." Lille 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL30052.
Full textThis dissertation challenges the view that the question of Aristotle's relationship to Platonism has been settled, being reduced either to a strong opposition to the theory of Ideas or, following the developmental account, to a progressive departure from platonic views. The notion of Aristotle as a close reader of Plato proves far more enlightening : being problematical rather than doctrinal, his Platonism inherits aporiai rather than claims. This approach gives greater intelligibility to the main concepts of Aristotelian ethics (pleasure, happiness, friendship, phronesis) the genesis of which is indebted to the questions raised in the Dialogues. Furthermore, it enables us to grasp the thread that runs through Aristotle's confrontation with Platonic ethics. Far from being reductible to a simple dismissial of the metaphysics of Ideas, his criticism proceeds more positively, attempting to go beyond the limits of the Platonic account of action, wether they be manifested in the aporiai of friendship or practical knowledge, or in the ethical and ontological condemnation of pleasure, tragedy or democracy. By giving pleasure its dignity and status in the happy life, by accounting for the role of friendship in the virtuous life and by rethinking the kind of knowledge required for acting. Aristotle gives sense and consistency to the various aspects of our practical life. His debate with Platonism enables us to understand how action gives shape to an agent, in that it allows him to fulfil himself. Thus, it elucidates the simple and singular fact that justifies the human need of ethics, namely that a human being has to act in order to be
Pellegrin, Pierre. "Biologie et politique chez Aristote." Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010517.
Full textJournée, Gérard. ""Rien ne saurait naître de rien" : l'émergence du problème de l'être dans la philosophie préplatonicienne." Lille 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LIL30005.
Full textAccording to Aristotle, "nothing should come from what-is-not" had constituted the physicians' common opinion. This claim seems to be linked to his other idea that all physicians, from Thales to Democritus, had renounced the notion of coming-to-be in the strict sense. Many modern scholars want yet to see in this principle the work of Parmenides : he would indeed have enounced it for the first time in his Poem in view to destroy precisely coming-to-be. This conception has made a lot to change the modern perception of the thinkers before Parmenides, especially the Milesians. However, is it possible to deny them an implicit respect, at least, for the principle ? And if it is not the case, is it possible to claim that the principle constitutes immediately a principle of no-becoming ? In this study, we will wonder about the schemes linked to natural causality in Milesian philosophy, about their relations with the classical problem of conservation and the absence of coming-to-be in the strict sense. From Aristotle, we will wonder about the conceptions which are reasonably ascribable to Milesians. We will then study the occurences of the principle in the work of Parmenides and in the physics of the fifth century B. C. : Anaxagoras, Empedocles and Democritus
Jaulin, Annick. "Genre, genèse et génération : de l'ousia prôtè chez Aristote." Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010529.
Full textViano, Cristina. "Héraclite dans Aristote." Paris 4, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040138.
Full textThe subject of this research is heraclitus' aristotelician source. The conceptual schemas through which aristotle exposes the ephesian's doctrine consist of two main themes one can also find in plato : being and becoming. Heraclitus is an ancient physiologist and according to him fire is the material cause and the arche (the principe of all beings). The choice of fire seems to distinguish him as "the most coherent" with monist vision of reality. In fact aristotle says that caracteristics of fire are extreme and belont more to form than to matter. Continuously all things have their origin in fire and come back to him. This becoming looks like a river stream. The only "persisting" thing is fire. Heraclitus' knowledge and ethics are in his physiology of fire. The resulting image is a total thought without qualitative breaks. Aristotle offen alludes to the heracliteans' mediation, of whose cratylus is the most representative. Heraclitismus appears as a theoretical involution : cratylus forgets ontological element of arche and makes absolue the river's speed and renonces to knowledge and to words. Heraclitus' sceptical interpretation begins in aristotle's source. The doctrine of becoming follows an ideal line which begins in poetical past, reaches his hight speculative level in heraclitus, and falls into decline with heracliteans' agnosticism, the echos of whose will get to sceptics