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1
August-Wilhelm, Scheer, and Scheer August-Wilhelm, eds. ARIS--business process modeling. 2nd ed. Berlin: Springer, 1999.
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August-Wilhelm, Scheer, and Scheer August-Wilhelm, eds. ARIS--business process frameworks. 2nd ed. Berlin: Springer, 1998.
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3
United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Technology and the Law. Legal issues that arise when color is added to films orginally produced, sold, and distributed in black and white: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Technology and the Law of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, One Hundredth Congress, first session ... May 12, 1987. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1988.
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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Technology and the Law. Legal issues that arise when color is added to films originally produced, sold, and distributed in black and white: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Technology and the Law of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, One Hundredth Congress, first session on ... May 12, 1987. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1988.
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5
Architecture of integrated information systems: Foundations of enterprise modelling. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1992.
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Malcolm, McConnell, ed. Zhuang zhi ling yun: "Zhong" Mei nan hai zhuang ji shi jian de mu hou gu shi. Taibei Shi: Mai tian chu ban, 2002.
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Osborn, Shane. Born to fly: The heroic story of downed U.S. Navy pilot Lt. Shane Osborn. New York: Delacorte Press, 2001.
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Osborn, Shane. Born to Fly. New York: Broadway Books, 2001.
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Malcolm, McConnell, ed. Born to fly: The untold story of the downed American reconnaissance plane. New York: Broadway Books, 2001.
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Mortimore, Michael. Roots in the African dust: Sustaining the sub-Saharan drylands. Cambridge, [Eng.]: Cambridge University Press, 1998.
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11
Wachbroit, Robert, and David Wasserman. Reproductive Technology. Edited by Hugh LaFollette. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199284238.003.0007.
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Reproductive technologies enable a couple to have, or avoid having, a particular kind of child. Couples can learn much about some of the medical problems their offspring might have even before their child is born; and, in some cases, even before conception. These developments have had a profound effect in framing reproductive decisions. This article focuses the discussion on these issues, which arise directly from the convergence of reproductive and genetic technologies. But it also explores some important, and related, implications that convergence has for the other three groups of issues: the moral assessment of risks, the involvement of third parties, and the status and disposition of various reproductive materials. In examining these issues, the article distinguishes concerns about the products, processes, and reasons involved in the use of new reproductive and genetic technologies, an approach which is described here.
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Brown, Andrew, Christopher T. Flinton, Josh Gibson, Brian Grant, Barrie Greiff, Duane Hagen, Stephen Heidel, et al. Use Technology Wisely. Edited by Andrew Brown, Christopher T. Flinton, Josh Gibson, Brian Grant, Barrie Greiff, Duane Hagen, Stephen Heidel, et al. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190697068.003.0010.
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This chapter provides information on the wise use of technology in the workplace. In a world where electronic communication is ubiquitous, face-to-face interactions are critical. Technology can be used to promote depth in relationships, but the use of technology needs to be tailored to the individual. Relationship problems and difficult feelings have always been present in the workplace, but with electronic communication they now present more quickly, at unpredictable times, in larger numbers, and often with greater urgency. Managers face relationship repercussions from technology on a daily basis. Generally speaking, in many of the relationships in which difficulties arise, coworkers and managers have only a superficial understanding of the other party’s emotional needs due to decreased face-to-face interaction.
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White, Trevor N., and Seth D. Baum. Liability for Present and Future Robotics Technology. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190652951.003.0005.
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Advances in robotics technology are causing major changes in manufacturing, transportation, medicine, and numerous other sectors. While many of these changes are beneficial, some will inevitably lead to harm. Who should be liable when a robot causes harm? This chapter addresses how the law can and should account for robot liability, including robots that exist today and that could potentially be built in the future. Current and near-future robots pose no significant challenge: existing law or minor variations therein can readily handle them. A greater challenge will arise if it becomes possible to build robots that merit legal personhood and thus can be held liable, as well as if future robots can cause major global catastrophe.
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Narlikar, A. V., and Y. Y. Fu, eds. Oxford Handbook of Nanoscience and Technology. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199533060.001.0001.
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This volume highlights engineering and related developments in the field of nanoscience and technology, with a focus on frontal application areas like silicon nanotechnologies, spintronics, quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, and protein-based devices as well as various biomolecular, clinical and medical applications. Topics include: the role of computational sciences in Si nanotechnologies and devices; few-electron quantum-dot spintronics; spintronics with metallic nanowires; Si/SiGe heterostructures in nanoelectronics; nanoionics and its device applications; and molecular electronics based on self-assembled monolayers. The volume also explores the self-assembly strategy of nanomanufacturing of hybrid devices; templated carbon nanotubes and the use of their cavities for nanomaterial synthesis; nanocatalysis; bifunctional nanomaterials for the imaging and treatment of cancer; protein-based nanodevices; bioconjugated quantum dots for tumor molecular imaging and profiling; modulation design of plasmonics for diagnostic and drug screening; theory of hydrogen storage in nanoscale materials; nanolithography using molecular films and processing; and laser applications in nanotechnology. The volume concludes with an analysis of the various risks that arise when using nanomaterials.
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Perez-Garcia, Gonzalo J. Ethics of Telepsychiatry. Edited by John Z. Sadler, K. W. M. Fulford, and Werdie (C W. ). van Staden. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198732372.013.40.
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Recent technological advances have led to the use of telemedicine as way to increase access to health care to those who have limited resources. Telepsychiatry, also called telemental health, involves the delivery of mental health care over long distances through the use of videoconferencing equipment. The increasing accessibility of broadband internet have allowed this technology to reach more parts of the world, while the increasing sophistication of equipment such as high definition televisions and remote-controlled webcams has allowed this technology to feel less impersonal. This chapter discusses the history of telepsychiatry and different examples of how such technology is used and in which sorts of situations it can be employed. The chapter also examines the ethical issues that arise in telepsychiatry and reviews some of the literature that is currently available, focusing on the four ethical principles of medicine. Clinical vignettes are used both to highlight potential dilemmas that can arise through the technology as well as to demonstrate how in certain situations, the technology can potentially be more beneficial than face-to-face assessments.
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Brown, Andrew, Christopher T. Flinton, Josh Gibson, Brian Grant, Barrie Greiff, Duane Hagen, Stephen Heidel, et al. Supporting Workers in Distress. Edited by Andrew Brown, Christopher T. Flinton, Josh Gibson, Brian Grant, Barrie Greiff, Duane Hagen, Stephen Heidel, et al. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190697068.003.0007.
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Employees look to their managers and their company to provide support and understanding. When problems arise in the workplace, employees want their company to address them and quickly resolve them. Employees know their company cannot solve all the problems that arise both within and outside the workplace, but they appreciate expressions of concern and support from their manager. Managers who become aware of an employee in distress need to take action. They should approach these situations with an understanding of the Credibility Cross and the psychological contract. The manager should develop a plan to address the concerns of the employee and/or organization. Whether disruptive problems are the result of globalization, technology, or litigation, addressing them in a timely manner will have a positive impact on the workplace.
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Giovannini, Alberto. Information in the Financial System. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198815815.003.0020.
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The financial system is one of the primary users of information technology, which in recent decades has experienced phenomenal progress. This chapter discusses how information and communication technology has changed the financial system, and what policy challenges arise from the interactions of information technology progress and financial innovation. I focus on the asset management and banking industries. In the case of asset management, progress in information technology has partially transformed the industry, and potentially made it more efficient. In the case of banking, the industry has been changed profoundly, has grown significantly, but at the same time it has become more fragile. The chapter discusses the implications of these phenomena for policymaking.
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Mandel, Gregory N. Legal Evolution in Response to Technological Change. Edited by Roger Brownsword, Eloise Scotford, and Karen Yeung. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199680832.013.45.
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This introductory chapter to Part III examines whether there are generalizable lessons concerning law and its regulation of technology that we can learn from past experience with the law reacting to technological evolution. I suggest three insights from historical interactions between law and technological change: (1) pre-existing legal categories may no longer apply to new law and technology disputes; (2) legal decision makers should be mindful to avoid letting the marvels of a new technology distort their legal analysis; and (3) the types of legal disputes that will arise from new technology are often unforeseeable. These lessons are applicable across a wide range of technologies, legal fields, and contexts to aid in determining current and future legal responses to technological development.
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Ragsdale, Lyn, and Jerrold G. Rusk. The National Campaign Context in Retrospect. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190670702.003.0010.
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This chapter summarizes the book. The central conclusion of the book is that when uncertainty is high, nonvoting decreases. Three generalizations arise about this uncertainty. First, dramatic changes in economic conditions reduce nonvoting. This is true when the economy is moving upward or downward. When there is economic stability, nonvoting rates increase. Second, technology shocks with the advent of new forms of mass communication technology decrease nonvoting. The rise of radio, network television, and the Internet creates uncertainty about how the communication will work and nonvoting decreases. Third, in general, the rising costs of war reduce nonvoting. The greater the uncertainty about the war the more likely people will go to the polls.
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Scheer, August-Wilhelm. ARIS - Modellierungsmethoden, Metamodelle, Anwendungen. 4th ed. Springer, 2001.
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ARIS - Business Process Frameworks. 3rd ed. Springer, 2000.
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ARIS - Business Process Modeling. 3rd ed. Springer, 2000.
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Brumby, Duncan P., Christian P. Janssen, Tuomo Kujala, and Dario D. Salvucci. Computational Models of User Multitasking. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198799603.003.0013.
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When users interact with computers and technology ‘in the wild’, multitasking is a practically ubiquitous part of their interactions. Human-computer interaction (HCI) researchers and practitioners have increasingly used computational models to better understand these multitasking behaviours and to build new interactive technologies that facilitate interaction and/or mitigate the problems that arise from multitasking and distraction. This chapter outlines three approaches for modelling: cognitive architectures, cognitive constraint modelling, and uncertainty modelling. These approaches are some of the most common and powerful approaches to computational models of user multitasking, and have complementary strengths. It draws on examples from several domains for which multitasking is a central component, giving a particular focus to in-car multitasking and driver distraction.
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August-Wilhelm, Scheer, ed. Business process change management: ARIS in practice. Berlin: Springer, 2003.
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(Foreword), August-Wilhelm Scheer, Ferri Abolhassan (Editor), Wolfram Jost (Editor), and Mathias Kirchmer (Editor), eds. Business Process Change Management: ARIS in Practice. Springer, 2003.
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26
Grosse Ruse-Khan, Henning. IP Rights in International Environmental Law. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199663392.003.0011.
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This chapter focusses on the two core aspects of the relationship between intellectual property (IP) rights and international environmental law. This interface is embodied in two related, but discernible rule systems. On the one hand, natural and biological resources are increasingly serving as important input or source for innovative human activities, often leading to IP rights granted over the resulting technology. On the other, whenever IP rights are granted over technologies or plant varieties that involve genetic resources, conflicts between the property rights of an individual IP holder and those who claim ownership (such as a state) over the biological resources may arise. The main international treaties applicable here are the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and its Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization (NP).
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Greasley, Alinka E., and Helen M. Prior. Shaping popular music. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199351411.003.0017.
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Much of the research on musical shaping in performance focuses on western classical music. This chapter explores musical shaping from the perspectives of popular musicians. First, we examine the performer’s role in shaping music in live performance, drawing on recent survey research and existing work. Second, the roles of performer, producer and technology in shaping music in the recording studio are examined, including an investigation of how popular music recordings are shaped by technological practices. Third, we discuss ways in which popular music recordings may be used in performance, with a focus on DJs using the idea of musical shaping in their work. A final section summarizes the varied notions of musical shaping that arise from these perspectives and explores their implications, as well as the limitations of studying a flexible and widely applicable metaphor such as shape in a genre as diverse as popular music.
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Barley, Stephen R. Work and Technological Change. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198795209.001.0001.
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The four chapters of this book summarize the results of thirty-five years dedicated to studying how technologies change work and organizations. The first chapter places current developments in artificial intelligence into the historical context of previous technological revolutions by drawing on William Faunce’s argument that the history of technology is one of progressive automation of the four components of any production system: energy, transformation, and transfer and control technologies. The second chapter lays out a role-based theory of how technologies occasion changes in organizations. The third chapter tackles the issue of how to conceptualize a more thorough approach to assessing how intelligent technologies, such as artificial intelligence, can shape work and employment. The fourth chapter discusses what has been learned over the years about the fears that arise when one sets out to study technical work and technical workers and methods for controlling those fears.
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de Saille, Stevienna, Fabien Medvecky, Michiel Van Oudheusden, Kevin Albertson, Effie Amanatidou, Timothy Birabi, and Mario Pansera. Responsibility Beyond Growth. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529208177.001.0001.
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Innovation is generally considered to be the antidote to economic stagnation. But while the coupling of ‘responsible' and 'innovation’ has been much discussed, that of 'responsible stagnation' has gone largely unexplored. In this book, we take this concept seriously as a means to question the political economy of science, technology and innovation, both as policy and as process, and the problems which arise from unquestioned emphasis on innovation as the means to increase GDP. The book argues that examining what 'responsible stagnation' might contribute opens new space in the growing global discussion about RI, incorporating innovation in non-market oriented processes, goods and services which have strong societal benefit but do not necessarily contribute to GDP. It examines the conundrum of diminishing productivity returns and increased environmental and social hazards associated with attempts to increase GDP, and how taking a growth-agnostic approach contributes to recalibrating innovation around responsibility as its focal point. Drawing on insights from ecological and steady state economics, Science and Technology Studies, and social innovation across the world, this interdisciplinary group of scholars questions how the growth paradigm shapes and limits the innovation space, and how decoupling innovation from growth points toward myriad possibilities for facilitating human well-being in more environmentally and socially responsible ways.
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Davis, Rob. Business Process Modelling with ARIS: A Practical Guide. Springer, 2001.
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Maslen, Hannah, and Julian Savulescu. The ethics of virtual reality and telepresence. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199674923.003.0062.
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Present-day biohybrid technologies increasingly allow us to escape the experiential confines of our biological bodies. However, as human agents spend more time in virtual environments, and as the prospects for telepresence become more sophisticated, a number of philosophical and ethical questions arise. This chapter considers a range of examples of virtual reality and telepresence technologies. It examines the value of the virtual experience, asking how virtual experiences contribute to our wellbeing. It asks whether human agents can be authentically “themselves” in virtual environments, and how to understand the relationship between virtual and real acts. It considers the ethical principles governing behavior in virtual environments, addressing how these will or will not differ from the ethical principles governing behavior in non-virtual life. Finally, the chapter addresses the ethical questions raised by the prospect of acting at a distance through telepresence technology, focusing particularly on the moral responsibility of the telepresent agent for her remote acts, and on the harm that might be inflicted on the telepresent agent.
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Hertz, Rosanna, and Margaret K. Nelson. Random Families. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190888275.001.0001.
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This is a book about unprecedented families—networks of strangers linked by genes, medical technology, and the human desire for affinity and identity. It chronicles the chain of choices that couples and single mothers make—how to conceive, how to place sperm donors in their family tree, and what to do when it suddenly becomes clear that there are children out there that share half their child’s DNA. Do shared genes make you family? Do children find anything in common? What becomes of the random networks that arise once the members of the families of donor siblings find one another? Based on over 350 interviews with children and parents from all over the United States, Hertz and Nelson explore what it means to children to be a donor sibling and what it’s like to be a parent who discovers four, six, or even a dozen children who share half the DNA of one’s own child. At the heart of their investigation are remarkable relationships woven from tenuous bits of information and fueled by intense curiosity. The authors suggest that donor siblings are expanding the possibilities for extended kinship in the United States.
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Martin, Keith. Everyday Cryptography. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198788003.001.0001.
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Cryptography is a vital technology that underpins the security of information in computer networks. This book presents a comprehensive introduction to the role that cryptography plays in providing information security for technologies such as the Internet, mobile phones, payment cards, and wireless local area networks. Focusing on the fundamental principles that ground modern cryptography as they arise in modern applications, it avoids both an over-reliance on transient technologies and overwhelming theoretical research. The first part of the book provides essential background, identifying the core security services provided by cryptography. The next part introduces the main cryptographic mechanisms that deliver these security services such as encryption, hash functions, and digital signatures, discussing why they work and how to deploy them, without delving into any significant mathematical detail. In the third part, the important practical aspects of key management are introduced, which is essential for making cryptography work in real systems. The last part considers the application of cryptography. A range of application case studies is presented, alongside a discussion of the wider societal issues arising from use of cryptography to support contemporary cyber security.
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Scott-Smith, Tom. On an Empty Stomach. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501748653.001.0001.
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This book examines the practical techniques humanitarians have used to manage and measure starvation, from Victorian “scientific” soup kitchens to space-age, high-protein foods. Tracing the evolution of these techniques since the start of the nineteenth century, the book argues that humanitarianism is not a simple story of progress and improvement, but rather is profoundly shaped by sociopolitical conditions. Aid is often presented as an apolitical and technical project, but the way humanitarians conceive and tackle human needs has always been deeply influenced by culture, politics, and society. These influences extend down to the most detailed mechanisms for measuring malnutrition and providing sustenance. As the book shows, over the past century, the humanitarian approach to hunger has redefined food as nutrients and hunger as a medical condition. Aid has become more individualized, medicalized, and rationalized, shaped by modernism in bureaucracy, commerce, and food technology. The book focuses on the gains and losses that result, examining the complex compromises that arise between efficiency of distribution and quality of care. It concludes that humanitarian groups have developed an approach to the empty stomach that is dependent on compact, commercially produced devices and is often paternalistic and culturally insensitive.
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Hoof, Florian. Angels of Efficiency. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190886363.001.0001.
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Corporate consulting, a one-time seemingly marvelous mixture of bare-knuckle rationalization, esoterica, and visionary futurism, is invariably deployed when business structures threaten to lose their equilibrium. What it actually means to be consulted, the part played by media in consulting, and how the branch of corporate consulting became a system of knowledge with such a socially important role is the object of this book. For the first time, it explores the ways in which the latest media technology, avant-garde aesthetics, economic pressures, and holistic philosophy together constituted the form of consulting dominant today, and which consequences arise from this. Thus it follows the work of early corporate consultants like Frank and Lillian Gilbreth and H. L. Gantt, while analyzing and describing their visual consulting models. The book develops a new, innovative, interdisciplinary approach, situated between media and business history, media archeology, and social theory, and thereby charts the genesis of modern consulting knowledge. It reveals that corporate consulting must be conceptualized in close relation to the visual culture that prevailed during this time, one which drew from nineteenth-century visualization methods and, more particularly, the new medium of film. Consulting is a cultural technique that is markedly characterized by media processes, in which the boundaries of economic logic and legitimacy emerge, and which, at the same time, considerably shapes and stabilizes this modus operandi up to the present day.
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Scheer, August-Wilhelm. Architecture of Integrated Information Systems: Foundations of Enterprise Modelling. Springer, 1994.
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Scheer, August-Wilhelm. Architecture of Integrated Information Systems: Foundations of Enterprise Modelling. Springer, 1994.
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Eyre, Harris A., Michael Berk, Helen Lavretsky, and Charles Reynolds, eds. Convergence Mental Health. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197506271.001.0001.
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The world is in the throes of a global health, economic, and mental health crisis with severe physical, societal, and economic ramifications. Modern mental health problems are characterized by their complexity, multisystemic nature, and broad societal impact, making them poorly suited to siloed approaches of thinking and innovation. To solve the unprecedented complexities and challenges associated with the current global crisis, a paradigm shift is needed. Convergence science integrates knowledge, tools, and thought strategies from various fields and is the focal point where novel insights arise. In the context of mental health, convergence involves integration of scientists, clinicians, bioinformaticists, global health experts, engineers, technology entrepreneurs, medical educators, caregivers, and patients; synergy between government, academia, and industry is also vital. A convergence mental health approach will lead to improved outcomes for patients and healthcare systems. Predicate examples of convergence science in adjacent fields to mental health provide a model for the path forward. Further, within the field of mental health, there are examples of convergence science currently in action that include early-stage companies, neuroscience initiatives, public health projects, and unconventional funding mechanisms. The world has a historic opportunity to leverage convergence science to lead to a new era of innovation and progress in global mental health. Contributions for this book come from authors affiliated with the Milken Institute, Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, the National Academies of Science, Medicine and Engineering, Stanford University, and Harvard University. This book is written for practitioners and leaders in mental health innovation, including clinicians, researchers, policymakers, investors, entrepreneurs, and philanthropists.
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Honorato, Hercules Guimarães. Relato de uma experiência acadêmica: O "eu" professor-pesquisador - Vol III. Brazil Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-5861-378-7.
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This study aims to present the plurality of the teacher’s perception, which emerges from the actions taken to minimize the difficulties that come up in remote education. Its relevance is found in the actions and reactions of those involved, and make up possibilities for generating public policies that motivate and foster quality education. The following research question guided this work: What lessons could be learned by those involved in their teaching practice after schools reopen? An exploratory research was carried out, by choosing the methodological approach of qualitative research. Data collection was performed using an online questionnaire, directed to teachers who worked in the classroom and started working in remote education. Sharing knowledge is complex and demands a variety of actions, interventions, processes that, however sophisticated the technology used, it certainly does not allow to develop all the strategies that the teacher uses in the classroom. Technologies help with physical distance. But we believe the exchange that happens naturally between teacher and student, and between student and student, exists only when everyone is in the same physical environment, under the same physical and human conditions, especially in basic education. The lessons learned: (i) improve our training or post-training with the introduction of disciplines related to digital and technological means; (ii) understand that remote education is a possibility to be applied in our teaching practice; (iii) include viable teaching, learning and assessment alternatives in the Political Pedagogical Project; (iv) at parent-teacher conferences or class meetings, seek to collect all possible observations, both positive and negative. We need to considerate new routes, minimize the questions that arise during practice, in order to adapt to the new technological strategies of the art of teaching.
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McElvenny, James. Introduction. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474425032.003.0001.
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This chapter sets the scene for the case studies that follow in the rest of the book by characterising the ‘age of modernism’ and identifying problems relating to language and meaning that arose in this context. Emphasis is laid on the social and political issues that dominated the era, in particular the rapid developments in technology, which inspired both hope and fear, and the international political tensions that led to the two World Wars. The chapter also sketches the approach to historiography taken in the book, interdisciplinary history of ideas.
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Martin, Keith M. Control of Cryptography. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198788003.003.0014.
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In this chapter, we will discuss the complex issue of controlling the use of cryptography. We will identify a societal dilemma that arises from the use of cryptography. We will present arguments for and against control of use of cryptography, as well as identifying a number of different strategies for doing so. We will then review various historical approaches that have been adopted for trying to control the use of cryptography, including backdoors, export controls, and key escrow. We then consider the control of cryptography in the modern era, illustrating that the ubiquity and complexity of technology using cryptography provides both challenges and opportunities for undermining cryptographic protection.
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Solomon, William. Theoretical Interlude. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040245.003.0007.
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Lookout honey, ’cause I’m using technology Ain’t got no time to make no apology—The Stooges, “Search and Destroy”Walter Benjamin’s Depression-era reflections on the collective functions of modernist poetry and slapstick film, on the ways they both struggled to negotiate the psychosomatic impact of capitalist modernity, provide a strong model for grasping the utopian impulses structuring the phenomenon I have termed “slapstick modernism.” The strain of his thought that is most valuable in this regard is the one tending in the direction of an anthropological materialism. Particularly promising is the constellation of concepts that he was still in the process of elaborating at the end of his life: innervation, (corporeal) mimesis, second technology, and play. Holding these concepts together is the idea that affectively charged cultural practices may play a crucial role in fashioning an antifascist social body, one capable of adjusting to its technologically mediated environment. For Benjamin, literary modernism and silent comedy participated in the same general project: the historical mission or task they assigned themselves was to contribute to the construction of a collective agent that would be capable of determining its own future. If, as Miriam Hansen argues, Benjamin’s investment in film was not the result of a “futurist or constructivist enthusiasm for the machine-age,” but arose from his hope that the medium “might yet counter the devastating effects of humanity’s ‘bungled reception of technology,’ which had come to a head with World War I” (...
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Mason, Owen. The Old Bering Sea Florescence about Bering Strait. Edited by Max Friesen and Owen Mason. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199766956.013.24.
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Dependent on whaling, a series of complex, sedentary societies termed Old Bering Sea arose around Bering Strait at proximity to resource hot spots, ca. 250 B.C. to A.D. 400, thrived between A.D. 600 and 800 and with influences as late as A.D. 1300. Old Bering Sea developed adjacent to walrus haul-outs and was associated with the most elaborate aesthetic system known in the Arctic. Virtually every artifact was overlain with formalized motifs, as figural representations were crafted, of both animals and humans. This breakthrough was due either to internal societal dynamics or, alternatively, was an artifact of taphonomic factors, such as fortuitous site preservation. The origins of the culture remain obscure, as does its fate; its technology is related to subsequent Punuk and Thule cultures.
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Jutz, Gabriele. Audiovisual Aesthetics in Contemporary Experimental Film. Edited by Yael Kaduri. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199841547.013.10.
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This chapter maps the territory of the contemporary audiovisual cinematic avant-garde, which arose at the very moment of celluloid’s passage from mass use to obsolescence. It presents films that bear witness to the avant-garde’s ongoing interest in the formal organization of sound/image relationships. If one of the main concerns of sound in conventional film is to “naturalize” the image, experimental film is interested instead in ananti-naturalistic use of sound. Films without sound or even without images (which still can be called “films”), the use of audiovisual polysemy, asynchronous, or even synchronous sound, as well as the visualization of code-based music, are all means of revealing the constructed nature of the cinesonic event. The chapter examines the realm of the sound of technology itself, pointing out the creative potential ofoptically synthesized soundsas well aslive generated sounds and images, which attest to the agility of current projection performances.
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Hammer, Olav. Tradition and Innovation. Edited by Michael Stausberg and Steven Engler. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198729570.013.48.
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All religions change over time. Although tradition and innovation used to be seen as opposites, it is now generally recognized that there is a close connection between the two. Examples of how religious narratives and actions are transmitted over time illustrate some mechanisms by which a historical tradition arises. These include cultural transmission from one person to another or across generations through the particularities of human memory. A range of mechanisms introduce innovative practices into these traditions. For example, religions can have lifecycles of birth, maturity, stagnation, reform or schism, decay and stagnation, and death. There is also the work of religious entrepreneurs, e.g. prophets and leaders of new religious movements. In addition, religions adapt to changes in such structural factors as legislation and technology. Although innovation is ubiquitous, theological elites will often deny that any significant change has taken place, and accuse their ideological opponents of being excessively innovative.
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Jones, Emily. Learning Conservatism. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198799429.003.0007.
Full textAbstract:
The construction of Burke as the ‘founder of conservatism’ was also a product of developments in education. The increasing study of Burke arose out of several converging movements: in publishing and technology; in philosophical thought; in the increasing disposable income and leisure time of greater portions of the population; and in education movements for men and women at all levels. The popularity of topics such as the French Revolution, Romanticism, and late eighteenth-century history meant that Burke became a feature of lectures and examinations. At university, Burke was of particular interest to philosophical Idealists, English literature professors and students, and a generation of historians who taught increasingly modern courses. By analysing how Burke was studied at this much more popular, general level it is possible to pinpoint how Burke’s ‘conservative’ political thought was taught to swathes of new students—it took more than gentlemanly erudition to establish a scholarly orthodoxy.
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Ben-Haim, Yakov. The Dilemmas of Wonderland. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198822233.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Innovations create both opportunities and dilemmas. Innovations provide new and purportedly better opportunities, but—because of their newness—they are often more uncertain and potentially worse than existing options. There are new drugs, new energy sources, new foods, new manufacturing technologies, new toys and new pedagogical methods, new weapon systems, new home appliances, and many other discoveries and inventions. To use or not to use a new and promising but unfamiliar and hence uncertain innovation? That dilemma faces just about everybody. Furthermore, the paradigm of the innovation dilemma characterizes many situations even when a new technology is not actually involved. The dilemma arises from new attitudes, like individual responsibility for the global environment, or new social conceptions, like global allegiance and self-identity transcending all nation-states. These dilemmas have far-reaching implications for individuals, organizations, and society at large as they make decisions in the age of innovation. The uncritical belief in outcome optimization—“more is better, so most is best”—pervades decision-making in all domains, but this is often irresponsible when facing the uncertainties of innovation. There is a great need for practical conceptual tools for understanding and managing the dilemmas of innovation. This book offers a new direction for a wide audience. It discusses examples from many fields, including e-reading, online learning, bipolar disorder and pregnancy, disruptive technology in industry, stock markets, agricultural productivity and world hunger, military hardware, military intelligence, biological conservation, and more.
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Provenzano, Catherine. Auto-Tune, Labor, and the Pop-Music Voice. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199985227.003.0008.
Full textAbstract:
Long used in popular music to smooth vocal imperfections, Auto-Tune has become a much-discussed production tool since the early 2000s through artists including Cher, Daft Punk, and Kanye West. This chapter examines the relationship among artist skill, Auto-Tune, and reception. Artist T-Pain overtly used Auto-Tune to give his voice a synthetic, often robotic quality. Through T-Pain, overt use of Auto-Tune became associated with black music and was often reviled by the general public. T-Pain’s acoustic performance on NPR’s Tiny Desk Concert series redeemed him in the eyes of many listeners whose disdain for Auto-Tune arises from a belief that the technology erodes authenticity by making skillful singing irrelevant. In contrast, Taylor Swift’s producers also use Auto-Tune as well, but rather than treating it as a special effect, they use it to correct intonation and amplify desirable vocal timbre. This use is also controversial, as Swift’s recordings are often considered disingenuous.
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Baecker, Ronald M. Computers and Society. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198827085.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
The last century has seen enormous leaps in the development of digital technologies, and most aspects of modern life have changed significantly with their widespread availability and use. Technology at various scales - supercomputers, corporate networks, desktop and laptop computers, the internet, tablets, mobile phones, and processors that are hidden in everyday devices and are so small you can barely see them with the naked eye - all pervade our world in a major way. Computers and Society: Modern Perspectives is a wide-ranging and comprehensive textbook that critically assesses the global technical achievements in digital technologies and how are they are applied in media; education and learning; medicine and health; free speech, democracy, and government; and war and peace. Ronald M. Baecker reviews critical ethical issues raised by computers, such as digital inclusion, security, safety, privacy,automation, and work, and discusses social, political, and ethical controversies and choices now faced by society. Particular attention is paid to new and exciting developments in artificial intelligence and machine learning, and the issues that have arisen from our complex relationship with AI.
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Singleton, Jermaine. The Melancholy of Faith. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039621.003.0004.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter addresses the question of how unresolved racial grief works through the demands of capital, racialization, and sacred ritual practice to enact a gender hierarchy. It thinks through James Baldwin's first novel, Go Tell It on the Mountain (1953), to explore how testifying serves as a technology of black patriarchy—a ritual that arises out of the need for racial and economic redemption yet unfolds within and propagates gendered power relations. It examines how the content and structure of Baldwin's Bildungsroman, set in Harlem's Pentecostal community during the Great Depression, allegorizes the conversion of John Grimes, who embodies the “weak, feminine flesh” of his matrilineal line that is sacrificed to secure his “manchild” status of salvation. The chapter is punctuated by a section that situates Baldwin's novel as a form of sexual testifying on the part of Baldwin himself. In doing so, it places Baldwin's novel in conversation with its dramatic sequel, The Amen Corner (1954), to explore how both texts anticipate and extend queer theoretical conversations about the social construction of black, gay subject-formations.