Journal articles: 'Arid Zones'

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Zhou, Yanqing, Yaoming Li, Wei Li, Feng Li, and Qinchuan Xin. "Ecological Responses to Climate Change and Human Activities in the Arid and Semi-Arid Regions of Xinjiang in China." Remote Sensing 14, no. 16 (August 12, 2022): 3911. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14163911.

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Understanding the impacts and extent of both climate change and human activities on ecosystems is crucial to sustainable development. With low anti-interference ability, arid and semi-arid ecosystems are particularly sensitive to disturbances from both climate change and human activities. We investigated how and to what extent climate variation and human activities influenced major indicators that are related to ecosystem functions and conditions in the past decades in Xinjiang, a typical arid and semi-arid region in China. We analyzed the changing trends of evapotranspiration (ET), gross primary productivity (GPP) and leaf area index (LAI) derived from the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite product and the Breathing Earth System Simulator (BESS) model in Xinjiang for different climate zones. We separated and quantified the contributions of climate forcing and human activities on the trends of the studied ecosystem indicators using the residual analysis method for different climate zones in Xinjiang. The results show that GPP and LAI increased and ET decreased from 2001 to 2015 in Xinjiang. Factors that dominate the changes in ecosystem indicators vary considerably across different climate zones. Precipitation plays a positive role in impacting vegetation indicators in arid and hyper-arid zones and temperature has a negative correlation with both GPP and LAI in hyper-arid zones in Xinjiang. Results based on residual analysis indicate that human activities could account for over 72% of variation in the changes in each ecosystem indicator. Human activities have large impacts on each vegetation indicator change in hyper-arid and arid zones and their relative contribution has a mean value of 79%. This study quantifies the roles of climate forcing and human activities in the changes in ecosystem indicators across different climate zones, suggesting that human activities largely influence ecosystem processes in the arid and semi-arid regions of Xinjiang in China.

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Alonso, Jaime Latorre. "Reforestation of arid and semi-arid zones in Chile." Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 33, no. 2 (December 1990): 111–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-8809(90)90237-8.

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Jawad, Thaer K., Osama T. Al-Taai, and Yaseen K. Al-timimi. "Evaluation of Drought Characteristics in Iraq using SC-PDSI." Science Journal of University of Zakho 6, no. 3 (September 30, 2018): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2018.6.3.511.

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Evaluation of drought characteristics in Iraq by analysis annual growing season of Self-Calibrating Palmer Drought Severity Index (SC-PDSI) for three climatic zones using run theory method. The efficiency of SC-PDSI for drought monitoring was examined from compared with Rainfall Departure from the mean (RD) for three zones (Arid and Semi-Arid, Steppes and Desert) for the period 1981-2015, were derived from Climatic Research Unit (CRU). The spatial interpolation techniques in ArcGIS package has been used, to cover the whole extent of country and extracting the zones. Statistical methods were applied to compute the probability of drought events at every zone. The results showed the years 1999, 2000, 2008 and 2009 experienced droughts in all zones except the desert zone where was experienced severe drought in 2012, while the years 1982 and 1988 experienced received precipitation above-average in all zones. The values of standard deviation of precipitation were compared with precipitation anomalies for each zone, the drier seasons are (2007-2008) and (1998-1999) in all Zones. The wetter seasons are (1987-1988) in Arid and Semi-Arid and Steppes zone, (1994-1995) and (1997-1998) are wetter seasons in Desert zone. Using run theory, the steppes zone have experienced more severe droughts than other zones evaluated in this study and the most susceptible areas to dry spell are steppes and Arid and Semi-Arid Zones during study period. While the desert zone experienced less droughts.

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Jawad, Thaer K., Osama T. Al-Taai, and Yaseen K. Al-Timimi. "Evaluation of Drought Characteristics in Iraq using SC-PDSI." Science Journal of University of Zakho 6, no. 4 (December 30, 2018): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2018.6.4.547.

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Evaluation of drought characteristics in Iraq by analysis annual growing season of Self-Calibrating Palmer Drought Severity Index (SC-PDSI) for three climatic zones using run theory method. The efficiency of SC-PDSI for drought monitoring was examined from compared with Rainfall Departure from the mean (RD) for three zones (Arid and Semi-Arid, Steppes and Desert) for the period 1981-2015, were derived from Climatic Research Unit (CRU). The spatial interpolation techniques in ArcGIS package has been used, to cover the whole extent of country and extracting the zones. Statistical methods were applied to compute the probability of drought events at every zone. The results showed the years 1999, 2000, 2008 and 2009 experienced droughts in all zones except the desert zone where was experienced severe drought in 2012, while the years 1982 and 1988 experienced received precipitation above-average in all zones. The values of standard deviation of precipitation were compared with precipitation anomalies for each zone, the drier seasons are (2007-2008) and (1998-1999) in all Zones. The wetter seasons are (1987-1988) in Arid and Semi-Arid and Steppes zone, (1994-1995) and (1997-1998) are wetter seasons in Desert zone. Using run theory, the steppes zone have experienced more severe droughts than other zones evaluated in this study and the most susceptible areas to dry spell are steppes and Arid and Semi-Arid Zones during study period. While the desert zone experienced less droughts.

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Tyler, S. W., and G. R. Walker. "Root Zone Effects on Tracer Migration in Arid Zones." Soil Science Society of America Journal 58, no. 1 (January 1994): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1994.03615995005800010004x.

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H. HAFTOM, A. HAFTU, K. GOITOM, and H. MESERET. "Agroclimatic zonation of Tigray region of Ethiopia based on aridity index and traditional agro-climatic zones." Journal of Agrometeorology 21, no. 2 (November 10, 2021): 176–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.54386/jam.v21i2.229.

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The aim of this study was to identify the agroclimatic zones of Tigray region based on aridity index and traditional agroclimatic zone using 37-year (1981-2017) spatial climate data downloaded for Tigray region from Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data (CHIRPS) for rainfall and from Enhancing National Climate Services (ENACTS) data for temperature. Arc map 10.3 was used for mapping of all climatic variables and zonation of agro-climatic zones. Potential evapotranspiration (PET) was computed based on Hargreaves formula and the aridity index was computed. Besides, the digital elevation model was downloaded from ASTER data. The aridity map of Tigray divided into three index zones (0.03-0.2, 0.2–0.5 and 0.5–0.65) and five traditional agro-climate zones (<1500,1500-2000,2000- 2500, 2500-3000, >3000 m.a.s.l.) were overlaid, which divided entire region of Tigray into fifteen agroclimatic zones. Hot semi-arid, warm semi-arid, tepid semi-arid and hot arid were the dominant zones in the region.

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Li, Xiaoyang, Lei Zou, Jun Xia, Feiyu Wang, and Hongwei Li. "Identifying the Responses of Vegetation Gross Primary Productivity and Water Use Efficiency to Climate Change under Different Aridity Gradients across China." Remote Sensing 15, no. 6 (March 13, 2023): 1563. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15061563.

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Despite the fact that gross primary productivity (GPP) and water use efficiency (WUE) have been widely used as indicators to evaluate the water-carbon cycle, uncertainties exist in the patterns of GPP and WUE responses to climate variability along different aridity gradients. In this study, the aridity index was used to divide China into four arid-humid zones. The spatiotemporal variability of multiple vegetation types GPP and WUE in response to climate change under different arid-humid zones were investigated based on remote sensing data. The results indicated that the increasing trend of WUE in the four arid-humid zones of China was less pronounced than GPP from 2001 to 2021. The GPP value decreased gradually from the humid to the arid zone, and the WUE value in the arid zone was slightly higher than in the semi-arid zone. The GPP of all vegetation types in China showed a tendency to increase, while shrubland and wetland WUE tended to decrease. The major vegetation types (e.g., forest, cropland and grassland) in each aridity gradient contributed to the changes in local GPP and WUE. However, in individual arid-humid zones, wetland and shrubland also exhibited high GPP and WUE values that were not inferior to forest and cropland. Temperature and precipitation were the main climatic factors responsible for the increase in vegetation GPP in different aridity gradients, with a higher positive correlation for temperature than precipitation. WUE showed a distinct positive and negative correlation with the thermal factors (temperature and net radiation) and the moisture factors (precipitation and relative humidity); this pattern was more pronounced in the humid and semi-humid zones. Net radiation and precipitation may be the main climatic factors causing a slight upward trend in WUE across the arid-humid zones, while the decrease in shrubland and wetland WUE may be related to relative humidity and precipitation.

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Scarnecchia, David L., G. Gintzburger, K. N. Toderich, B. K. Mardonov, and M. M. Mahmudov. "Rangelands of the Arid and Semi-Arid Zones of Uzbekistan." Journal of Range Management 57, no. 2 (March 2004): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4003924.

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Scarnecchia, David L. "Rangelands of the Arid and Semi-arid Zones of Uzbekistan." Rangeland Ecology & Management 57, no. 2 (March 2004): 227–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2111/1551-5028(2004)057[0227:rotaas]2.0.co;2.

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Kalankesh, Laleh R., Susana Rodriguez-Couto, Ali Alami, Shahla Khosravan, Mehdi Meshki, Elshen Ahmadov, Ali Mohammadpour, and Narges Bahri. "Socio-Environmental Determinants and Human Health Exposures in Arid and Semi-Arid Zones of Iran—Narrative Review." Environmental Health Insights 16 (January 2022): 117863022210897. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/11786302221089738.

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Lifestyle is different in arid and semi-arid zones. However, where people are born and live have a lasting influence on their social and environmental exposure. This review focuses on the, various dimensions of environmental health imbalance inequality especially in significant environmental sources such as (ie, air, water, soil) among provinces that creates a big health gap in the center, East and the Southeast of Iran. Thus, the population of the arid and semi-arid zones of Iran is facing respiratory, cardiovascular, cancer and infection diseases linked to environmental problems such as chemical and microbial pollution due to air pollution and unsafe water sources, respectively. The prevalence of certain types of cancer such as skin, stomach, bladder, prostate and colorectal cancer together with some respiratory and cardiovascular diseases in arid and semiarid zones such as Kerman, Yazd, etc., has been reported in comparison with other provinces frequently. These impacts have effects on multiple levels of health security in those zones. Based on these concerns, we propose key questions that should guide research in the context of the socio environmental science to support science-based management actions in Iran and other similar semi-arid areas worldwide.

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Hazaymeh, Khaled, Mohammad Zeitoun, Ali Almagbile, and Areej Al Refaee. "Exploring the Dynamics of Land Surface Temperature in Jordan’s Local Climate Zones: A Comprehensive Assessment through Landsat Entire Archive and Google Earth Engine." Atmosphere 15, no. 3 (March 4, 2024): 318. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos15030318.

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This study aimed to analyze the trend in land surface temperature (LST) over time using the entire archive of the available cloud-free Landsat images from 1986 to 2022 for Jordan and its nine local climate zones (LCZs). Two primary datasets were used (i) Landsat-5; -8 imagery, and (ii) map of LCZs of Jordan. All LST images were clipped, preprocessed, and checked for cloud contamination and bad pixels using the quality control bands. Then, time-series of monthly LST images were generated through compositing and mosaicking processes using cloud computing functions and Java scripts in Google Earth Engine (GEE). The Mann–Kendall (MK) test and Sen’s slope estimator (SSE) were used to detect and quantify the magnitude of LST trends. Results showed a warming trend in the maximum LST values for all LCZs while there was annual fluctuation in the trend line of the minimum LST values in the nine zones. The monthly average LST values showed a consistent upward trajectory, indicating a warming condition, but with variations in the magnitude. The annual rate of change in LST for the LCZs showed that the three Saharan zones are experiencing the highest rate of increase at 0.0184 K/year for Saharan Mediterranean Warm (SMW), 0.0185 K/year for Saharan Mediterranean Cool (SMC), and 0.0169 K/year for Saharan Mediterranean very Warm (SMvW), indicating rapid warming in these regions. The three arid zones came in the middle, with values of 0.0156 K/year for Arid Mediterranean Warm (AMW), 0.0151 for Arid Mediterranean very Warm (AMvW), and 0.0139 for Arid Mediterranean Cool (AMC), suggesting a slower warming trend. The two semi-arid zones and the sub-humid zone showed lower values at 0.0138, 0.0127, and 0.0117 K/year for the Semi-arid Mediterranean Cool (SaMC), Semi-arid Mediterranean Warm (SaMW) zones, and Semi-humid Mediterranean (ShM) zones, respectively, suggesting the lowest rate of change compared to other zones. These findings would provide an overall understanding of LST change and its impact in Jordan’s LCZs for sustainable development and water resources demand and management.

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Hibbs, Barry J. "Foreword: Ground Water in Arid Zones." Ground Water 46, no. 3 (May 2008): 345–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2008.00444.x.

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13

Nativ, Ronit. "Radioactive waste isolation in arid zones." Journal of Arid Environments 20, no. 2 (March 1991): 129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-1963(18)30704-3.

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Oron, Gideon. "Marginal-water application in arid zones." GeoJournal 15, no. 3 (October 1987): 259–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00213453.

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NISHA SAHU, G. P. OBI REDDY, B. DASH, NIRMAL KUMAR, and S. K. SINGH. "Assessment on spatial extent of arid and semi-arid climatic zones of India using GIS." Journal of Agrometeorology 23, no. 2 (October 24, 2021): 189–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.54386/jam.v23i2.66.

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In this study, a quantitative assessment of spatial extent of arid and semi-arid climatic zones of India was performed for the period from 1988 to 2018 using potential evapo-transpiration (PET) calculated by Modified Penman Method, estimated from global climate data sets. Climatic water balances computed for 625 stations across the country are used for classifying to bio-climate types based on moisture index and areas falling under arid climatic zones in India are delineated using ArcGIS 10.5. It was noticed a considerable changes in the country’s arid and semi-arid climatic zones between the two periods; 1992 and 2018. Overall, there has been a net percent change in hyper arid, typic arid and semi arid (dry) areas is 5.62, 1.62 and 7.17 percent, respectively. Dryness and wetness are increasing in different parts of the country. There is also change in rainfall, PET and moisture index over a period of time which is vital to determine aridity pattern of any region. Thus, results are of great significance for studying the assessment of temporal and spatial dry climatic water balance of India, which can help immensely in the management of water resources and sustainability of crop production under changing climatic conditions.

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Paul, Ranjit Kumar, and P. S. Birthal. "Investigating rainfall trend over India using the wavelet technique." Journal of Water and Climate Change 7, no. 2 (November 4, 2015): 353–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2015.079.

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In this paper, using the wavelet technique we analysed rainfall behaviour in the country across different agro-climatic zones over a century. Findings indicate that at the national level there is no significant trend in rainfall in the long run, but there are pockets of change in the rainfall pattern. There was a significant increase in the rainfall in the arid zone, whereas in the humid, semi-arid tropics and semi-arid temperate zones the trend was downward but insignificant. The behaviour of rainfall was different during this period. Except in the arid zone, we find a similar trend in other zones – increasing initially, tapering off in the middle and then declining but with some difference in time intervals. In the arid zone, the behaviour of rainfall had been erratic. In the short run, the direction of change in trend remains the same as in the long run but the change is statistically significant.

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Assis, Janilson Pinheiro de, Roberto Pequeno de Sousa, Walter Rodrigues Martins, Paulo César Ferreira Linhares, Eudes de Almeida Cardoso, José Aluísio de Araújo Paula, Mateus de Freitas Almeida dos Santos, Isadora Lorrayne Basilio de Sousa, and Misael Bruno de Araújo. "Stochastic modeling of reference evapotranspiration in arid and semi-arid zones." January 2020, no. 14(01) 2020 (January 20, 2020): 204–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.20.14.01.p2334.

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The objective of this work was to estimate the probabilities of the reference evapotranspiration (mm), as well as its accumulated values during 10 days (decendial), in Mossoró, RN, Brazil. It wass done through the daily records of evapotranspirations obtained at the Meteorological Station of the Federal Rural University of Semi-Arid (UFERSA), in Mossoró, RN, using the Penman-Monteith method. No previous transformation of the data was necessary since the construction of the tables was based on the approximation of the variable to the Normal distribution. The odds were estimated by the Normal distribution for the confidence levels of 1% to 95% in the data period from 1970 to 2007, taking into account the results of the chi-square and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests at 10% probability. From the adequacy of the process of construction of the tables, it can be conclude and that studied values have important subsidies for planning of agricultural activities in the region, where the maximum benefits of their benefits are taken, avoiding their harmful effects.

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Galaty, John g., and Susan Asch. "Pastoralisme, sédentarisation et État en Afrique de l’Est." Politique africaine 34, no. 1 (1989): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/polaf.1989.5271.

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Pastoralism, sedentarisation and state in East Africa. To consider sédentarisation as a solution to current problems of recurrent food crisis in pastoral societies located in arid and semi-arid zones is a preconceived notion. In reality, the crisis is caused by sédentarisation rather than nomadism. Confronted with settlement policies, nomadism, thanks to extensive grazing, remains an indispensable strategy for the human occupation of arid zones. The political challenge is not to adopt nomads to preconceived sedentary systems but to improve pastoral life.

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Musa, Abuelgasim I. I., Mitsuru Tsubo, Shaoxiu Ma, Yasunori Kurosaki, Yasuomi Ibaraki, and Imad-Eldin A. Ali-Babiker. "Evaluation of WRF Cumulus Parameterization Schemes for the Hot Climate of Sudan Emphasizing Crop Growing Seasons." Atmosphere 13, no. 4 (April 2, 2022): 572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13040572.

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High spatiotemporal resolution climate data are essential for climate-related impact studies. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is widely used to downscale climate data for different regions with regional-specific physics configurations. This study aimed to identify robust configurations of the WRF model, especially cumulus parameterization schemes, for different climatic zones of Sudan. We focused on wet season (June–September) rainfall and dry season (November–February) temperature, which are determinants of summer crop and irrigated wheat yields, respectively. Downscaling experiments were carried out to compare the following schemes: Betts–Miller–Janjic (BMJ), improved Kain–Fritch (KFT), modified Tiedtke (TDK), and Grell–Freitas (GF). Results revealed that the BMJ performed better for wet season rainfall in the hyper-arid and arid zones; KFT performed better for rainfall in July and August in the semi-arid zone where most summer crops are cultivated. For dry season temperature, the BMJ and TDK outperformed the other schemes in all three zones, except that the GF performed best for the minimum temperature in December and January in the arid zone, where irrigated wheat is produced, and in the semi-arid zone. Specific parameterization schemes therefore need to be selected for specific seasons and climatic zones of Sudan.

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Dassamiour, Saliha, Selsabil Meguellati, Hdouda Lamraoui, Mohamed Sabri Bensaad, Rokayya Sami, Garsa Alshehry, Eman Hillal Althubaiti, and Areej Suliman Al-Meshal. "HPLC-DAD phenolic screening and in vitro assessment of antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Tanteboucht dates." RSC Advances 12, no. 21 (2022): 13330–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2ra01630c.

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Finestone, Emma M., Paul S. Breeze, Sebastian F. M. Breitenbach, Nick Drake, Laura Bergmann, Farhod Maksudov, Akmal Muhammadiyev, et al. "Paleolithic occupation of arid Central Asia in the Middle Pleistocene." PLOS ONE 17, no. 10 (October 21, 2022): e0273984. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0273984.

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Central Asia is positioned at a crossroads linking several zones important to hominin dispersal during the Middle Pleistocene. However, the scarcity of stratified and dated archaeological material and paleoclimate records makes it difficult to understand dispersal and occupation dynamics during this time period, especially in arid zones. Here we compile and analyze paleoclimatic and archaeological data from Pleistocene Central Asia, including examination of a new layer-counted speleothem-based multiproxy record of hydrological changes in southern Uzbekistan at the end of MIS 11. Our findings indicate that Lower Palaeolithic sites in the steppe, semi-arid, and desert zones of Central Asia may have served as key areas for the dispersal of hominins into Eurasia during the Middle Pleistocene. In agreement with previous studies, we find that bifaces occur across these zones at higher latitudes and in lower altitudes relative to the other Paleolithic assemblages. We argue that arid Central Asia would have been intermittently habitable during the Middle Pleistocene when long warm interglacial phases coincided with periods when the Caspian Sea was experiencing consistently high water levels, resulting in greater moisture availability and more temperate conditions in otherwise arid regions. During periodic intervals in the Middle Pleistocene, the local environment of arid Central Asia was likely a favorable habitat for paleolithic hominins and was frequented by Lower Paleolithic toolmakers producing bifaces.

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Martínez de Azagra Paredes, Andrés, Jorge Del Río San José, José Reque Kilchenmann, Juan Manuel Diez Hernández, and Francisco Javier Sanz Ronda. "Methods for Watering Seedlings in Arid Zones." Forests 13, no. 2 (February 19, 2022): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13020351.

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This paper reviews different existing systems of seedling microirrigation in afforestation. These systems differ from agricultural irrigation methods since they only pursue the establishment of the planted seedlings instead of achieving good agricultural yields. They, therefore, involve very low irrigation doses compared to the usual irrigation doses found in the agricultural sector. These approaches are nonconventional localized irrigation systems with high efficiency in water application. Based on the water discharge equations they use, these methods can be classified into four groups: direct deep irrigation, irrigation through porous walls, irrigation with wicks, and irrigation with solar distillers. This paper describes a total of sixteen different systems suitable for afforestation. All the systems are compared with each other. To make the comparisons, four key parameters are considered: the cost of acquiring and installing the system, the water application efficiency, the maintenance of the system, and the possibility of irrigating several plants at the same time. The irrigation systems described in this review represent an important technical advance not only for dryland forestry but also for rainfed arboriculture, xeriscaping, and xerogardening. These systems make it possible to widely extend the planting period to almost throughout the year, not only in arid regions but also in less dry or even humid climates, especially when critical areas have to be afforested, including shallow, sandy, saline, or gypseous soils, suntraps, windy and desertified areas, open pit mines, and other areas. Seedling microirrigation is an emerging sector of the irrigation industry that is rapidly developing with new devices and patents. Two foreseeable future trends can be identified: the growing use of new permeable materials and the possibility of connecting individual emitters to irrigation lines.

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Abbas, B., A. el Tayeb, and Y. Sulleiman. "Calotropis procera: feed potential for arid zones." Veterinary Record 131, no. 6 (August 8, 1992): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.131.6.132-a.

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Kafkafi, Uzi. "COMBINED IRRIGATION AND FERTILIZATION IN ARID ZONES." Israel Journal of Plant Sciences 42, no. 4 (May 13, 1994): 301–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07929978.1994.10676582.

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Sand dunes and highly calcareous soils occupy vast areas in arid zones. The soils are characterized by low available nutrient content and low to medium water-holding capacity of the upper soil surface. These features result in low vegetation density under arid climate conditions. The introduction of trickle irrigation coupled with liquid fertilizers turned desert sand dunes and highly calcareous soils into productive agricultural soils for high cash crops. The intensity of daily nutrient supply dictates the farmer's consideration of the form of nitrogen supplied to the crop and to the variable sensitivity of plants to the different forms of N supplied by various fertilizers through the irrigation system. The combination of high root temperature and high ammonium concentration is of particular importance. Plants that have relatively low carbohydrate content in their roots might suffer from ammonia toxicity if a high daily supply of ammonium is available. High concentrations of urea and very high calcium carbonate content in the soil are also dangerous to ammonium- sensitive plants like tomatoes. Planning the irrigation system and nutrient supply to the crops according to their physiological stage of development, and consideration of the soil and climate characteristics, can give high yields and high quality crops with minimum pollution, but salt accumulation on the soil surface should be prevented, either by sprinkle irrigation, or by plastic mulch during the growing season.

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Sadgrove, N. J., I. M. Hulley, O. Sobiyi, and B. E. Van Wyk. "Chemically unusual essential oils from arid zones." South African Journal of Botany 109 (March 2017): 368. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2017.01.173.

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Shankarnarayan, K. A., L. N. Harsh, and S. Kathju. "Agroforestry in the arid zones of India." Agroforestry Systems 5, no. 1 (1987): 69–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00046414.

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SHAHABFAR, A., and J. EITZINGER. "Agricultural drought monitoring in semi-arid and arid areas using MODIS data." Journal of Agricultural Science 149, no. 4 (January 18, 2011): 403–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859610001309.

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SUMMARYThe performances of two remote sensing drought indices were evaluated at selected agricultural sites in different agro-climatic zones in Iran to detect the severity of drought phenomena related to temporal variation and different climatic conditions. The indices used were the perpendicular drought index (PDI) and the modified perpendicular drought index (MPDI), which are derived from moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite images (MOD13A3 V005). The correlations between these perpendicular indices and two other remote sensing indices in ten different agro-climatic zones of Iran from February 2000 to December 2005 were analysed. The additional indices evaluated were the enhanced vegetation index (EVI) and the vegetation condition index (VCI) along with five water balance parameters, including climatic water balance (CL), crop water balance (CR), monthly reference crop evapotranspiration (ET0), crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and required irrigation water (I). Winter wheat was selected as the reference crop because it is grown in the majority of climatic conditions in Iran.The results show that in several climatic regions, there is a statistically significant correlation between PDI and MPDI and the water balance parameters, indicating an acceptable performance in detecting crop drought stress conditions. In all zones except at the sites located in northwest and northeast of Iran, VCI and EVI are less correlated with the applied water balance indicators compared to PDI and MPDI. In a temporal analysis, PDI and MPDI showed a greater ability to detect CR conditions than VCI and EVI in the most drought-sensitive winter wheat-growing stages. Since Iran is characterized by arid or semi-arid climatic conditions and winter wheat is a major agricultural crop, a combination of both PDI and MPDI could be used as simple remote sensing-based tool to map drought conditions for crops in Iran and in other developing countries with similar climatic conditions.

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Perez-Aguilar, Lidia Yadira, Wenseslao Plata-Rocha, Sergio Alberto Monjardin-Armenta, Cuauhtémoc Franco-Ochoa, and Yedid Guadalupe Zambrano-Medina. "The Identification and Classification of Arid Zones through Multicriteria Evaluation and Geographic Information Systems—Case Study: Arid Regions of Northwest Mexico." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 11 (October 26, 2021): 720. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10110720.

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Arid and semiarid regions are geographic units that cover approximately 43% of the earth’s surface worldwide, and conditions of extreme drought and reduced vegetation cover predominate in these regions. In Mexico, arid and semiarid ecosystems cover more than half of the territory, with desertification, mainly caused by anthropogenic activities and climatic events, as the main problem in these regions. The present research aimed to assess, identify, and classify arid and semiarid zones by employing a methodology based on multicriteria evaluation analysis (MCA) using the weighted linear combination (WLC) technique and geographic information systems (GIS) in the hydrological administrative regions (HARs) of the North Pacific, Northwest, and Baja California Peninsula, located in Northwest Mexico. Data related to aridity, desertification, degradation, and drought were investigated, and the main factors involved in the aridity process, such as surface temperature, soil humidity, precipitation, slopes, orientations, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and evapotranspiration, were obtained. For the standardization of factors, a fuzzy inference system was used. The weight of each factor was then determined with the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). To delimit arid regions, the classification of arid zones proposed by the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) was used, and the result was an aridity suitability map. To validate the results, the sensitivity analysis method was applied. Quantitative and geospatial aridity indicators were obtained at the administrative hydrological level and by state. The main results indicated that semiarid and dry subhumid zones predominated, representing 40% and 43% of the surface of the study area, respectively, while arid regions represented 17%, and humid regions represented less than 1%. In addition, of the states for which 100% of the surface lay in the study area, it was observed that Baja California and Baja California Sur had the largest arid and semiarid zones, while subhumid regions predominated in Sonora and Sinaloa.

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KRISHNAN, A., and R. S. KUSHWAHA. "Mathematical distribution of rainfall in arid and semi-arid zones of Rajasthan." MAUSAM 23, no. 2 (February 3, 2022): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v23i2.5270.

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The mathematical distribution of accumulated rainfall for 2 pentads, 4 pentads….. 20 pentade commencing from the onset of monsoon has been studied in respect of a typical arid one station, viz., Jodhpur and semi-arid stations, namely, Jaipur in Rajasthan. In case of Jaipur, disribution beyond a month is normal while for Jodhpur, all accumulated pentads including the entire season is not normal at all. Probability charts using these theoretical distributions have been prepared and their utility discussed.

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Mokgehle, Salmina, Nadia Araya, Motiki Mofokeng, Manaka Makgato, Stephen Amoo, Khomotso Maboka, Christian du Plooy, and Hintsa Araya. "Regrowth Response and Nutritional Composition of Moringa oleifera to Cutting Back in Three Agro-Ecological Zones in South Africa." Horticulturae 8, no. 10 (October 18, 2022): 963. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8100963.

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Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) is a fast-growing tree that can reach a height of 3 m when left to grow naturally. Cutting-back management can enhance lateral branching, water use efficiency, regrowth, and leaf biomass production. Although M. oleifera can thrive in diverse ecological environments, including areas with high temperatures and drought where most crops cannot survive, the prevailing agro-ecological conditions can influence the tree’s response to cut-back and nutritional composition. An observation trial on the re-sprouting of M. oleifera after cutting back was conducted in three agro-ecological zones, including arid, semi-arid, and dry sub-humid regions. The soil analysis from the three agro-ecological zones showed variations, with the soil collected from the arid area recording the highest clay content (24.4%), nitrogen (8.14%), and phosphorus (168.2 mg/kg). The nutritional composition of the M. oleifera leaves in response to the cutting back was assessed. The trees planted in the arid region responded well to the cutting back by producing considerable new vegetative growth in the spring (13.4 sprouts averaging 21.50 cm in length) compared to semi-arid and dry sub-humid regions. The region’s climatic conditions favoured M. oleifera re-sprouting, and the stems did not die after cutting back. During the winter, the stems die back, sprout from the root collar area during more favourable weather conditions, and take longer to reach the harvestable stage. The leaves of M. oleifera harvested from the arid and dry sub-humid regions exhibited increased total fat, magnesium, sodium, phosphorus, potassium, and zinc content when compared to the semi-arid agro-ecological zone. In contrast, the calcium content of the leaves was higher in the semi-arid region than in the other agro-ecological zones. The influence of cutting back M. oleifera trees on biomass production and quality in varying agro-ecological zones requires further investigation to ensure that smallholder farmers use appropriate crop management practices in those regions for long-term, economically viable tree production.

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Mendoza-Fernández, Antonio, Francisco J. Pérez-García, Fabián Martínez-Hernández, José M. Medina-Cazorla, Juan A. Garrido-Becerra, María E. Merlo Calvente, José S. Guirado Romero, and Juan F. Mota. "Threatened plants of arid ecosystems in the Mediterranean Basin: a case study of the south-eastern Iberian Peninsula." Oryx 48, no. 4 (April 29, 2014): 548–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605313000495.

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AbstractNetworks of protected areas are one of the main strategies used to address the biodiversity crisis. These should encompass as many species and ecosystems as possible, particularly in territories with high biological diversity, such as the Spanish arid zones. We produce a priority ranking of the arid zones of south-east Spain according to the rarity and richness of their characteristic flora and the level of endangerment. The resulting hierarchy shows that optimal zones for the preservation of the flora are located outside the network of protected areas. In particular, it is important to extend the network and encourage the creation of microreserves in the depression of the River Guadiana Menor (Granada), where there is least protection. This river valley is a particularly important arid site because of its unique flora and fauna, and palaeontological and archaeological findings.

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Nemati, Ahmad, Seyed Hossein Ghoreishi Najafabadi, Gholamreza Joodaki, and S. Saeid Mousavi Nadoushani. "Monitoring and Analysis of Drought Using Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE)." Hydrology 6, no. 3 (August 25, 2019): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology6030075.

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Drought monitoring needs comprehensive and integrated meteorological and hydrologic data. However, such data are generally not available in extensive catchments. The present study aimed to analyze drought in the central plateau catchment of Iran using the terrestrial water storage deficit index (TSDI). In this arid catchment, the meteorological and hydrologic observed data are scarce. First, the time series of terrestrial water storage changes (TWSC) obtained from the gravity recovery and climate experiment (GRACE) was calculated and validated by the water budget output. Then, the studied area was divided into semi-arid, arid, and hyper-arid zones and the common drought indices of SPI and RDIe within a timescale of 3, 6, and 12 months were calculated to compare the results obtained from the TSDI by using the meteorological data of 105 synoptic stations. Based on the results, the study area experienced a drought with extreme severity and expansion during 2007–2008. The drought spatial distribution map obtained from three indices indicated good conformity. Based on the maps, the severity, duration, and frequency of drought in the semi-arid zone were greater than that in other zones, while no significant drought occurred in the hyper-arid zone. Furthermore, the temporal distribution of drought in all three zones indicated that the TSDI could detect all short- and long-term droughts. The study results showed that the TSDI is a reliable, integrated, and comprehensive index. Using this index in arid areas with little field data led to some valuable results for planning and water resource management.

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Nabinejad, Shima, and Holger Schüttrumpf. "Flood Risk Management in Arid and Semi-Arid Areas: A Comprehensive Review of Challenges, Needs, and Opportunities." Water 15, no. 17 (August 30, 2023): 3113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15173113.

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Despite water shortages and infrequent rainfall in arid and semi-arid areas, their recent floods show that flooding tends to be more severe and life-threatening. However, flooding is a poorly understood natural hazard in arid and semi-arid areas and its management needs to address a set of challenges, some of which are unique to these zones. Hence, it is of great demand to develop a comprehensive understanding of Flood Risk Management (FRM) difficulties and needs that are significant in these regions. This review paper aimed to understand the current state of FRM in arid and semi-arid areas and to explore challenges existing in FRM of these zones, based on the authors’ experiences from practice-based research. The study identified four main classes of challenges: (i) regional features and flood characteristics, (ii) operational challenges, (iii) technical challenges, and (iv) management/organizational challenges. It was then concluded that these FRM challenges are multidimensional and coupled together. After discussing the challenges, the study addressed requirements and provided an outlook on solutions, further improvements, and possibilities for FRM in these regions.

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Abdullahi, A. Y., M. Nasir, A. G. Khalee, R. M. Ashiru, H. M. Zango, S. Madaki, H. C. Ha, N. Ismail, and K. Ahmad-Syazni. "GENETIC DIVERSITY OF BROILER CHICKEN BRANDS RAISED IN ARID AND SEMI-ARID ZONES OF NORTHERN NIGERIA USING MITOCHONDRIAL DNA." FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES 5, no. 2 (July 13, 2021): 456–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2021-0502-650.

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A sector of broiler production is growing very fast to meet the high demand of meat in Nigeria. However, high mortality rates among the broilers especially during the hot dry season in arid and semi-arid zones is worrisome. There is a need for molecular genetics study that could aid in management, conservation and sustainable exploitation of this species. To evaluate the genetic diversity of broilers raised in these regions, a total of forty-six broilers were randomly sampled from eight different brands (Agrited, Amo, Chi, Fol-hope, Obasanjo, Olam, Yammfy and Zatech) for mitochondrial DNA analysis. Four haplotypes were detected among all the samples used that belong to the four strains. The sequences of mitochondrial regions revealed high haplotype diversity (0.78600) and low nucleotide diversity (0.00286). Lower genetic diversity observed may increase the chances of rapid disease infection and distribution during any disease outbreak. Introduction of new strains of broilers with high genetic diversity is highly recommended. Future study should be conducted on the performance of these strains during the extremely hot temperature period in arid and semi-arid zones of Nigeria. This is to provide reliable information for the sake of local broiler farmer’s benefit who invests largely on this sector. The study will also help the geneticists from these brands to develop a strain that could survive and perform excellently under severe climatic conditions of the rural areas of arid and semi-arid zones of Nigeria

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Dávila-Rangel, Irma E., Ana V. Charles-Rodríguez, Julio C. López-Romero, and María L. Flores-López. "Plants from Arid and Semi-Arid Zones of Mexico Used to Treat Respiratory Diseases: A Review." Plants 13, no. 6 (March 11, 2024): 792. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants13060792.

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Medicinal plants have been a traditional remedy for numerous ailments for centuries. However, their usage is limited due to a lack of evidence-based studies elucidating their mechanisms of action. In some countries, they are still considered the first treatment due to their low cost, accessibility, and minor adverse effects. Mexico is in second place, after China, in inventoried plants for medicinal use. It has around 4000 species of medicinal plants; however, pharmacological studies have only been carried out in 5% of its entirety. The species of the Mexican arid zones, particularly in semi-desert areas, exhibit outstanding characteristics, as their adverse growing conditions (e.g., low rainfall and high temperatures) prompt these plants to produce interesting metabolites with diverse biological activities. This review explores medicinal plants belonging to the arid and semi-arid zones of Mexico, focusing on those that have stood out for their bioactive potential, such as Jatropha dioica, Turnera diffusa, Larrea tridentata, Opuntia ficus-indica, Flourensia cernua, Fouquieria splendes, and Prosopis glandulosa. Their extraction conditions, bioactive compounds, mechanisms of action, and biological efficacy are presented, with emphasis on their role in the treatment of respiratory diseases. Additionally, current research, novel applications, and perspectives concerning medicinal plants from these zones are also discussed.

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Morte, Asuncion, Varda Kagan-Zur, Alfonso Navarro-Ródenas, and Yaron Sitrit. "Cultivation of Desert Truffles—A Crop Suitable for Arid and Semi-Arid Zones." Agronomy 11, no. 8 (July 22, 2021): 1462. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11081462.

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Desert truffles are edible hypogeous (forming fruit bodies below ground) fungi that grow in semi-arid and arid areas. They are highly valued for both their culinary and medicinal properties in the Mediterranean basin, the Middle East and the Gulf areas. Desert truffles form mycorrhizae mostly with plants belonging to the Cistaceae family, mainly with Helianthemum species. These truffles are still, usually, collected from the wild, but loss of habitats due to urbanization, desertification, intensive agriculture and global warming, along with an urgent need to develop new crops adapted to arid conditions, are currently hastening efforts towards their domestication. Here, we sum up the successful research leading to cultivation of this crop, based on plots that were established in sandy to silt soils with high pH values and low mineral contents. We report suitable methods for production of mycorrhized seedlings and preferred planting methods. We found that under natural conditions yields are affected by water availability, so irrigation regimes to ensure good yields were sought. Although good yields were indeed obtained in some years, fluctuations in yields over the years were significant; the reasons for this are not entirely clear and are currently under study. This crop is particularly well suited to relatively marginal conditions but prospects for establishment of desert truffles as a niche crop for arid and semi-arid areas depend on further improvements in yields.

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Idris Medugu, Nasiru, M. Rafee Majid, and Foziah Johar. "Drought and desertification management in arid and semi‐arid zones of Northern Nigeria." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 22, no. 5 (August 9, 2011): 595–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14777831111159725.

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Dong, Tong, Jing Liu, Mingjie Shi, Panxing He, Ping Li, and Dahai Liu. "Seasonal Scale Climatic Factors on Grassland Phenology in Arid and Semi-Arid Zones." Land 13, no. 5 (May 10, 2024): 653. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land13050653.

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Influenced by climate change, significant alterations in vegetation phenology have been observed globally. Grassland phenology is highly sensitive to climate change. However, research on the variations in grassland phenology and its responses to seasonal climatic changes in arid and semi-arid regions remains scarce. This study, utilizing Solar-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence (SIF) data, meteorological station data, and grassland type data, employs trend analysis and time series analysis to explore the trends of seasonal climatic variability and the sensitivity response of grassland phenology in Xinjiang to seasonal climates. The findings reveal the following: (1) The region experiences more pronounced warming in winter and spring than in summer and autumn, with ground temperature increments outpacing those of air temperatures. The summer season registers the peak in precipitation volume and rate of increase, where mountainous zones accrue more rainfall compared to basins and plains. The distribution of sunshine duration is characterized by higher values in eastern areas than in the west and more in the plains than in mountainous regions, potentially due to escalating cloudiness, which has contributed to a diminishing trend in sunshine hours across Xinjiang over the past 20 years. (2) Over the past two decades, the perennial greening phase of Xinjiang grasslands has predominantly occurred in early May, showing an overall trend of occurring earlier by approximately 5.47 days per decade, while the yellowing phase mainly occurs at the end of September and the beginning of October, demonstrating a delaying trend (6.61 days/decade). The average length of the growing season is 145 days, generally showing a slightly increasing trend (11.97 days/decade). (3) In spring, the rise in air and ground temperatures, along with increased sunshine duration, all promote grassland growth, leading to an earlier greening phase. Conversely, in autumn, increases in air temperature, ground temperature, and sunshine duration can inhibit grassland growth, resulting in an earlier yellowing phase. Increased precipitation in summer and autumn can delay the yellowing phase and extend the length of the grassland growing season. This research provides new insights into the factors influencing large-scale grassland phenology and offers references for grassland adaptation to future climate changes.

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Lado, Carlos, Diana Wrigley de Basanta, Arturo Estrada-Torres, Steven L. Stephenson, and I. Treviño. "Diversity of Myxomycetes in arid zones of Peru part II: the cactus belt and transition zones." Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid 76, no. 2 (November 15, 2019): 083. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/ajbm.2520.

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The results obtained from a second survey for Myxomycetes in the arid areas of Peru are reported. A total of 37 localities from the cactus belt (‘cardonal’), between 1500 and 3000 m a.s.l., were sampled over six years. This survey is based on 601 identifiable collections of myxomycetes, developed in the field under natural conditions or those that were recovered from moist chamber cultures. In total, 84 taxa representing 19 genera were recorded. One new species, Cribraria spinispora Lado & D.Wrigley sp. nov., is described, three species new to South America and 22 additional new species for Peru are reported as well. Endemic plants, expecially cacti, had a particular relevance as myxomycete substrates. The predominance of the order Physarales T.Macbr. in arid areas is reinforced. Comments are included on some collections, as well as SEM micrographs of several species. A statistical evaluation of the diversity of myxomycetes in the cardonal area and a comparison of this area with the dry coastal desert of Peru and other Neotropical xeric environments are also included. Results show that the arid areas are rich in myxomycetes, and that each area has a unique assemblage. The differences appear to be related to the host plants.

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Vethanayagam, Vijayantha, and Bassam Abu-Hijleh. "Increasing efficiency of atriums in hot, arid zones." Frontiers of Architectural Research 8, no. 3 (September 2019): 284–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foar.2019.05.001.

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Abdul-Fattah, A. F. "Supply of desalted water to remote arid zones." Desalination 60, no. 2 (January 1986): 151–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0011-9164(86)90006-8.

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Tabbagh, Alain. "Geophysical prospecting for water resources in arid zones." Comptes Rendus Geoscience 338, no. 16 (December 2006): 1131–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crte.2006.09.016.

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Eldridge, DJ. "Distribution and Floristics of Terricolous Lichens in Soil Crusts in Arid and Semi-Arid New South Wales, Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 44, no. 5 (1996): 581. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9960581.

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This paper examines the distribution of terricolous lichens at a regional scale across seven landscape types over 60 000 km2 in western New South Wales. Data are also presented on the distribution of lichens within a geomorphic sequence of runoff and runon zones on a red earth soil near Cobar. On a regional scale, 48 taxa from 23 genera were collected from 282 sites in semi-arid and arid eastern Australia, Of these, 74% were crustose or squamulose, and the remainder (26%) were foliose. Six genera (Acarospora, Endocarpon, Catapyrenium, Diploschistes, Peltula and Xanthoparmelia) accounted for 57% of species. Landscape type was a poor predictor of lichen floristics or crust cover. Instead, a core group of species comprising Collema coccophorum, Heppia despreauxii, Endocarpon rogersii, E. simplicatum var. bisporum, E. pallidum, Psora decipiens, Peltula patellata ssp. australiensis, Catapyrenium squamulosum and Synalissa symphorea, occurred in all landscape types. Plains with red earths had the greatest mean number of species per site (11.2) and the greatest mean crust cover (27.7%). Plains of calcareous earths yielded the greatest number of species (38). Across all sites, crust cover was a poor predictor of lichen species richness. However, on landscape types with non-calcareous soils, mean crust cover explained 88% of the variation in mean number of species. Whilst there was no difference in total number of species across a sequence of geomorphic zones, crust cover was significantly greater in the interception zones (79.0%) compared with either the run-on (6.6%) or run-off (24.0%) zones. These distributional data are compared with other published and unpublished studies from similar areas in Australia. The role of terricolous crusts as indicators of ecosystem health, and the influence of land management on crust cover and subsequent landscape stability are discussed.

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Selek, Bulent, I. Kaan Tuncok, and Zeliha Selek. "Changes in climate zones across Turkey." Journal of Water and Climate Change 9, no. 1 (October 27, 2017): 178–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2017.121.

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Abstract Turkey lies in a critical region that is projected to be one of the most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change in the Mediterranean region. In this study, climatic zones of Turkey were classified with respect to their climatic and meteorological characteristics. The Thornthwaite precipitation efficiency index was used to identify aridity and humidity characteristics. The index values were mapped to determine climate zones and associated climate classes and to evaluate change in time and space. Two distinct periods (1950–1980 and 1981–2010) were used to assess climatic conditions and evaluate historical changes. The Thornthwaite index indicated significant spatial variations of climate parameters across Turkey with varying degrees of vulnerability. The results indicate that during the 60-year time frame, no arid zones had been experienced in Turkey. On the other hand, an increase of semi-dry and dry humid zones and a decrease of semi-dry–less humid, semi-humid and humid zones had been experienced. In this context, it is important to note that semi-arid zones have increased substantially (approximately 14%) between the two 30-year periods.

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Whiting, J. P., M. F. Lambert, A. V. Metcalfe, P. T. Adamson, S. W. Franks, and G. Kuczera. "Relationships between the El-Niño Southern Oscillation and spate flows in southern Africa and Australia." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 8, no. 6 (December 31, 2004): 1118–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-8-1118-2004.

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Abstract. The flow records of arid zone rivers are characterised by a high degree of seasonal variability, being dominated by long periods of very low or zero flow. Discrete flow events in these rivers are influenced by aseasonal factors such as global climate forcings. The atmospheric circulations of the El-Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) have been shown to influence climate regimes across many parts of the world. Strong teleconnections between changing ENSO regimes and discharges are likely to be observed in highly variable arid zones. In this paper, the influence of ENSO mechanisms on the flow records of two arid zone rivers in each of Australia and Southern Africa are identified. ENSO signals, together with multi-decadal variability in their impact as identified through seasonal values of the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) index, are shown to influence both the rate of occurrence and the size of discrete flow episodes in these rivers. Keywords: arid zones, streamflow, spates, climate variability, ENSO, Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation, IPO

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Chen, Zhizhong, Mei Zan, Jingjing Kong, Shunfa Yang, and Cong Xue. "Phenology of Vegetation in Arid Northwest China Based on Sun-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence." Forests 14, no. 12 (November 24, 2023): 2310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14122310.

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The accurate monitoring of vegetation phenology is critical for carbon sequestration and sink enhancement. Vegetation phenology in arid zones is more sensitive to climate responses; therefore, it is important to conduct research on phenology in arid zones in response to global climate change. This study compared the applicability of the enhanced vegetation index (EVI), which is superior in arid zones, and global solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (GOSIF), which has a high spatial resolution, in extracting vegetation phenology in arid zones, and explored the mechanism of the differences in the effects of environmental factors on the phenology of different vegetation types. Therefore, this study employed a global solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (GOSIF) dataset to determine the start and end of the vegetation growth season (SOSSIF and EOSSIF, respectively) in the arid zone of Northwest China from 2001 to 2019. The results were compared with those from the EVI-based MODIS climate product MCD12Q2 (SOSEVI and EOSEVI). Variations in the sensitivity of these climatic datasets concerning temperature, precipitation, and standardised precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) were assessed through partial correlation analysis. Results: Compared to the MCD12Q2 climatic products, SOSSIF and EOSSIF closely matched the observed climate data in the study area. Spring onset was delayed at higher altitudes and latitudes, and the end of the growing season occurred earlier in these areas. Both SOSSIF and EOSSIF significantly advanced from 2001 to 2019 (trend degrees −0.22 and −0.48, respectively). Spring vegetation phenology was chiefly influenced by precipitation while autumn vegetation phenology was driven by both precipitation and SPEI. GOSIF-based climate data provides a more accurate representation of vegetation phenology compared to traditional vegetation indices. The findings of this study contribute to a deeper understanding of the potential ability of EVI and SIF to reveal the influence of vegetation phenology on the carbon cycle.

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Hughes, F. M. R. "The Ecology of African Floodplain Forests in Semi-Arid and Arid Zones: A Review." Journal of Biogeography 15, no. 1 (January 1988): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2845053.

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SRIVASTAVA, J. P., and J. C. HETHERINGTON. "KHEJRI (PROSOPIS CINERARIA): A TREE FOR THE ARID AND SEMI-ARID ZONES OF RAJASTHAN." International Tree Crops Journal 7, no. 1-2 (January 1991): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01435698.1991.9752898.

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Mezghani, I., Y. Ben Salah, and M. Chaieb. "Germination behaviour of Tricholaena teneriffae, a perennial grass from arid and semi-arid zones." Seed Science and Technology 45, no. 1 (April 1, 2017): 230–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15258/sst.2017.45.1.23.

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MONDAL, S. S. "Moisture availability and its application in evaluating agriculture potential in semi-arid region." MAUSAM 42, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v42i1.2845.

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The States of Punjab and. Haryana generally belong to part of arid and semi-arid regions of India. An Index known as Moisture Availability Index (MAI) has been used to demarcate it into different agroclimatic zones. The four zones Identified were named Very Low Potential (VLP) Low Potential (LP) Moderate Potential (MP) and High Potential (HP) zones. The zone V.LP had the lowest crop potential area where crops are possible in only 20.30% of the years A short duration rainfed crop of 10-12 weeks duration may be grown from zone LP while in area MP the crop growing potential is slightly more. From agricultural point of view area HP appears best suited with minimum risk. Crop prospects at one station In each zone at various risk levels have also been discussed.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Arid Zones'

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