Relevant bibliographies by topics / Arid zone plants

Academic literature on the topic 'Arid zone plants'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Arid zone plants"

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Jain, Satish C., B. Pancholi, R. Singh, and R. Jain. "Pharmacognostical studies of important arid zone plants." Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia 20, no. 5 (November 2010): 659–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-695x2010005000023.

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Francois, L. E. "Salinity effects on four arid zone plants." Journal of Arid Environments 11, no. 1 (July 1986): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-1963(18)31315-6.

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Lewis, Megan. "Spectral characterization of Australian arid zone plants." Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing 28, no. 2 (January 2002): 219–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5589/m02-023.

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Simpson, B. S., V. Bulone, S. J. Semple, G. W. Booker, R. A. McKinnon, and P. Weinstein. "Arid awakening: new opportunities for Australian plant natural product research." Rangeland Journal 38, no. 5 (2016): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj16004.

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The importance of plants and other natural reserves as sources for biologically important compounds, particularly for application in food and medicine, is undeniable. Herein we provide a historical context of the major scientific research programs conducted in Australia that have been aimed at discovering novel bioactive natural products from terrestrial plants. Generally speaking, the main approaches used to guide the discovery of novel bioactive compounds from natural resources have included random, ethnobotanical and chemotaxonomic strategies. Previous Australian plant natural product research campaigns appear to have lacked the use of a fourth strategy with equally high potential, namely the ecologically guided approach. In addition, many large studies have sampled plant material predominantly from tropical regions of Australia, even though arid and semi-arid zones make up 70% of mainland Australia. Therefore, plants growing in arid zone environments, which are exposed to different external stressors (e.g. low rainfall, high ultraviolet exposure) compared with tropical flora, remain an untapped reservoir of potentially novel bioactive compounds. Research of Australian arid zone plants that is ecologically guided creates a new opportunity for the discovery of novel bioactive compounds from plants (and potentially other biota) for application in health care, food and agricultural industries.
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Jain, SC, B. Pancholi, R. Singh, and R. Jain. "Antibacterial and antifungal potential of some arid zone plants." Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 72, no. 4 (2010): 510. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0250-474x.73939.

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Bona, Elisa, Nadia Massa, Omrane Toumatia, Giorgia Novello, Patrizia Cesaro, Valeria Todeschini, Lara Boatti, et al. "Climatic Zone and Soil Properties Determine the Biodiversity of the Soil Bacterial Communities Associated to Native Plants from Desert Areas of North-Central Algeria." Microorganisms 9, no. 7 (June 23, 2021): 1359. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9071359.

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Algeria is the largest country in Africa characterized by semi-arid and arid sites, located in the North, and hypersaline zones in the center and South of the country. Several autochthonous plants are well known as medicinal plants, having in common tolerance to aridity, drought and salinity. In their natural environment, they live with a great amount of microbial species that altogether are indicated as plant microbiota, while the plants are now viewed as a “holobiont”. In this work, the microbiota of the soil associated to the roots of fourteen economically relevant autochthonous plants from Algeria have been characterized by an innovative metagenomic approach with a dual purpose: (i) to deepen the knowledge of the arid and semi-arid environment and (ii) to characterize the composition of bacterial communities associated with indigenous plants with a strong economic/commercial interest, in order to make possible the improvement of their cultivation. The results presented in this work highlighted specific signatures which are mainly determined by climatic zone and soil properties more than by the plant species.
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Rathore, Mala. "Leaf Protein Concentrate as Food Supplement from Arid Zone Plants." Journal of Dietary Supplements 7, no. 2 (May 2010): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/19390211003766777.

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BIDINGER, F. R., O. P. YADAV, and E. WELTZIEN RATTUNDE. "GENETIC IMPROVEMENT OF PEARL MILLET FOR THE ARID ZONE OF NORTHWESTERN INDIA: LESSONS FROM TWO DECADES OF COLLABORATIVE ICRISAT-ICAR RESEARCH." Experimental Agriculture 45, no. 1 (January 2009): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479708007059.

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SUMMARYThe arid zone of northwestern India is a unique adaptation zone for crop plants because of its pervasive severe moisture stress and high temperatures. Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) is a major cereal in this zone as it represents approximately 25% of the total acreage of the crop in the country. Pearl millet hybrid cultivars, which have gained widespread acceptance from farmers elsewhere in the country, have not been adopted in the arid zone. Farmers continue to sow their traditional landraces because the yield advantage of current hybrids is not expressed in this zone, and the risk of failure in poor years with the hybrids is unacceptably high. The International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics and the Indian Council of Agricultural Research have been collaborating to understand the unique nature of pearl millet in the arid zone since the late 1980s. This collaboration has produced a better understanding of how arid zone farmers manage their germplasm, of the unique features of this invaluable resource and of a range of ways of using this germplasm to produce well-adapted new varieties and hybrids that will meet the requirements of the farmers of the arid zone. It has been shown that new cultivars for the arid zone need to be based on parental materials, including traditional landraces that are specifically adapted to the arid zone. This paper summarizes the main lessons of nearly 20 years of this collaborative research.
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Rakhimov, Tulkin, Ikram Yusupov, and Zafar Boirov. "Influence of Industrial Emissions on Morphological Signs of Leaves of Greening Plants." Natural Systems and Resources, no. 2 (October 2020): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/nsr.jvolsu.2020.2.3.

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Currently, studies of the industrial environment and related theoretical and applied environmental problems are undoubtedly relevant. Therefore, the indicators of environmental monitoring of greening tree species are the main indicators of the ecological situation in the industrial zones of the arid zone of the South of Uzbekistan. The article investigates the effect of SO2 on the morphometric index of leaf blades of some planted trees. Based on the information collected, a morphometric indicator of leaf blades and its relationship with the concentration of sulfur in the atmosphere are provided. Based on the changes in morphological and anatomical and some biological indicators, the degree of stability of greening species is revealed. The results obtained can be used in monitoring green spaces of industrial regions, as well as for predicting the effects of environmental pollution. The research results can serve as a scientific basis for the selection and regionalization of tree species for landscaping the industrial centers of the arid zone. According to our observations, changes in signs towards xeromorphy show a direct relationship with gas resistance, because these indicators depend on the structural features of the leaf blade. In particular, xeromorphic signs are the following: a decrease in the leaf blade, an increase in pubescence, an increase in the number of stomata per mm2, length of venation, etc. We recommend using ash for landscaping streets and parks in the arid zone. Due to the high decorative and drought-resistant properties, they should be used in group, linear, alley, as well as mixed plantings. Considering gas resistance, drought resistance, as well as salt tolerance of elm and quince, we recommend using them for landscaping industrial regions, as well as for planting shelterbelts. In large industrial centers, we recommend using maple, ash and elm for landscaping, as they have more resistant signs to toxicants, in particular to sulphurous anhydride. The analysis of the obtained research data allows stating that there is a relationship between the concentration of sulphurous anhydride and the morphometric indicators of leaf blades of greening trees in industrial zones
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Schweingruber, Fritz Hans. "Anatomical Characteristics and Ecological Trends in the Xylem and Phloem of Brassicaceae and Resedacae." IAWA Journal 27, no. 4 (2006): 419–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90000164.

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The xylem and phloem of Brassicaceae (116 and 82 species respectively) and the xylem of Resedaceae (8 species) from arid, subtropical and temperate regions in Western Europe and North America is described and analysed, compared with taxonomic classifications, and assigned to their ecological range. The xylem of different life forms (herbaceous plants, dwarf shrubs and shrubs) of both families consists of libriform fibres and short, narrow vessels that are 20–50 μm in diameter and have alternate vestured pits and simple perforations. The axial parenchyma is paratracheal and, in most species, the ray cells are exclusively upright or square. Very few Brassicaceae species have helical thickening on the vessel walls, and crystals in fibres. The xylem anatomy of Resedaceae is in general very similar to that of the Brassicaceae. Vestured pits occur only in one species of Resedaceae.Brassicaceae show clear ecological trends: annual rings are usually distinct, except in arid and subtropical lowland zones; semi-ring-porosity decreases from the alpine zone to the hill zone at lower altitude. Plants with numerous narrow vessels are mainly found in the alpine zone. Xylem without rays is mainly present in plants growing in the Alps, both at low and high altitudes. The reaction wood of the Brassicaceae consists primarily of thick-walled fibres, whereas that of the Resedaceae contains gelatinous fibres. The frequency of sclereids in Brassicaceae bark is an indicator of ecological differences: sclereids are rare in plants from the alpine zone and frequent in plants from all other ecotones.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Arid zone plants"

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McGee, P. A. "Role of mycorrhizas in the regeneration of arid zone plants /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1987. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phm1448.pdf.

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Easton, Lyndlee Carol, and lyndlee easton@flinders edu au. "LIFE HISTORY STRATEGIES OF AUSTRALIAN SPECIES OF THE HALOPHYTE AND ARID ZONE GENUS FRANKENIA L. (FRANKENIACEAE)." Flinders University. Biological Sciences, 2008. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20081124.105244.

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This thesis is a comparative study of the life history strategies, and in particular seed germination requirements, in Australian species of the halophyte plant genus Frankenia L. (Frankeniaceae). Frankenia is a cosmopolitan genus that occurs in Mediterranean, semi-arid, and arid regions on distinctive soil types – commonly on saline, sodic or gypseous soils – in habitats such as coastal cliffs, and on the margins of salt lakes, salt-pans and saltmarshes (Summerhayes 1930; Barnsley 1982). The plants are small shrubs or cushion-bushes with pink, white or pale purple flowers, and salt-encrusted recurved leaves. This project investigates germination requirements for Frankenia in relation to seed age, light requirements, temperature preferences, salinity tolerance, and soil characteristics. It also explores two divergent reproductive strategies – notably seed packaging strategies – in relation to environmental variables. Within the 46 currently recognized endemic Australia species, some species have a few ovules per flower and produce only a few larger seeds per fruit, while other species have many ovules per flower and produce many small seeds per fruit. Large-seededness is thought to increase the probability of successful seedling establishment in drought and salt-stressed environments. As both larger- and smaller-seeded species of Frankenia co-occur in close geographical proximity, hypotheses regarding the advantages of large-seededness in stress environments can be tested. By restricting the analysis of seed mass variation to similar habitats and within a single plant genus, it is possible to test ecological correlates that would otherwise be masked by the strong effects of habitat differences and phylogenetic constraints. Overall, larger-seeded Frankenia species were demonstrated to be advantageous for rapid germination after transitory water availability, and for providing resources to seedlings if resources became limiting before their successful establishment. Smaller-seeded species delayed germination until both soil-water availability and cooler temperatures persisted over a longer time period, improving chances of successful establishment for the more slowly growing seedlings that are more reliant on their surroundings for resources. This study produces information on the seed and seedling biology of many Australian species of Frankenia including several that are of conservation significance, e.g. F. crispa with its isolated populations, and the rare and endangered F. plicata. This information is important for the development of conservation management plans for these and other arid zone, halophyte species. In addition, the results of this study are of practical significance in determining the suitability of Frankenia for inclusion in salinity remediation and mine-site rehabilitation projects, and for promoting Frankenia as a drought and salt tolerant garden plant.
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Magagi, Ramata D. "Étude de synergie optique et micro-onde active : estimation des paramètres de surface en zone semi-aride : cas du Sahel." Toulouse, INPT, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPT101H.

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Le travail presente s'inscrit dans le contexte de l'experience hapex-sahel dont l'une des finalites est la parametrisation de l'hydrologie de surface en zone semi-aride. Cet objectif demande necessairement une connaissance des etats de surface (humidite et rugosite du sol, couverture vegetale), qui influencent le bilan hydrique. L'apport de la teledetection spatiale pour un suivi des parametres de surface est presente par l'utilisation du diffusiometre vent a bord de ers-1. Concu pour determiner les caracteristiques du vent au-dessus des oceans, l'aptitude du capteur pour des applications terrestres est analysee. La zone d'etude couvre un pixel du diffusiometre vent autour du site central est de la campagne hapex. Une analyse qualitative du coefficient de retrodiffusion pris dans differentes plages angulaires, indique que le signal mesure a l'echelle satellitaire repond bien au concept theorique de retrodiffusion, mis au point sur des sites controles. L'extraction des parametres de surface peut etre envisagee. La methodologie repose sur une etude de synergie visible, proche infra-rouge et micro-onde active. L'albedo de simple diffusion du couvert suit l'evolution de la vegetation, contrairement aux resultats obtenus en micro-onde passive sur une zone semi-aride d'afrique australe. Afin d'ameliorer l'estimation de l'humidite du sol, une prise en compte de la variabilite de la rugosite de surface s'impose. Une parametrisation simple du coefficient de retrodiffusion est proposee. Elle permet d'acceder a la reponse de la rugosite de surface a un angle d'incidence donne. Ce signal traduit beaucoup plus le concept de rugosite a grandes echelles que les parametres physiques de rugosite. Les resultats d'humidite estimee indiquent l'importance de la rugosite de surface aussi bien pour un sol nu que pour un sol vegetalise
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Chaieb, Mohamed. "Influence des réserves hydriques du sol sur le comportement comparé de quelques espèces végétales de la zone aride tunisienne." Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20126.

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L'etude porte sur le comportement vis-a-vis de l'eau du sol de quelques especes pastorales autochtones de la zone aride tunisienne installees en peuplements purs et en melanges, en cases lysimetriques et en parcelles experimentales. Les mesures et observations realisees portent principalement sur le cycle de vie des especes et les potentiels de l'eau dans le sol et dans la plante. Les resultats montrent que cenchrus ciliaris l. Et digitaria commutata sch. Ssp. Nodosa (parl. ) maire, especes d'origine tropicale, presentent sous climat mediterraneen, deux periodes de croissance et deux periodes repos hivernal et estival. En revanche, stipa lagascae r. Et sch. Ssp. Normalis maire, plantago albicans l. Ssp. Albicans et argyrolobium uniflorum (d. C. ) jaub. Et spach. , especes d'origine mediterraneenne, peuvent croitre meme a basses temperatures (hiver). On verifie que l'efficacite vis-a-vis de l'eau du sol pour la production est plus elevee pour les especes en c#4 que pour les especes en c#3. Les decalages dans les cycles de vie et les structures du systeme racinaire observes sur les especes, permettent d'expliquer certains aspects de la concurrence et de la complementarite dans le partage des ressources entre les especes quand elles sont installees en melanges
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Heshmatti, Gholam Ali. "Plant and soil indicators for detecting zones around water points in arid perennial chenopod shrublands of South Australia /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phh584.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Botany, 1997.
Errata page is behind title page (p. i). Copies of author's previously published articles inserted. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 121-156).
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Monroy, Ata Arcadio. "Installation de plantes pérennes de la zone aride soumises à des contraintes hydriques contrôlées et à des coupes." Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20025.

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Ce travail presente une etude comparative concernant l'installation de cinq especes vegetales perennes, originaires de la zone presaharienne du sud de la tunisie. Deux de ces especes sont des chamephytes: argyrolobium uniflorum et artemisia herba-alba, et trois des hemicryptophytes: cenchrus ciliaris, plantago albicans et stipa lagascae. Des plantules de ces especes ont ete transplantees dans des pots et soumises a des contraintes hydriques controlees et a des coupes simulant l'herbivorie. Au niveau individuel, la plasxticite phenotypique des especes dans la distribution de phytomasse entre les racines et la partie aerienne, ainsi que les possibilites d'ajustement de l'allocation de ressources entre la reproduction et la survie, apparaissent comme les elements cles pour la reussite de leur installation. Au niveau communautaire l'existence d'une complementarite fonctionnelle inter et intra-strate doit permettre de faire face a une vaste gamme d'aleas du milieu. Le corollaire de cette recherche est la proposition de trois modeles mathematiques portant sur l'ecologie fonctionnelle: un indice descriptif de l'etat phenologique de la plante, un modele sur l'allocation de ressources entre les racines et la partie aerienne et une theorie synthetique sur un systeme de coordination fonctionnelle au niveau de la plante entiere
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Pierre, Caroline. "Variabilité interannuelle des émissions d'aérosols minéraux en zone semi-aride sahélienne." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00921688.

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Les aérosols minéraux constituent une des plus importantes sources en masse des aérosols atmosphériques. Ces particules ont différents impacts sur l'environnement : elles exercent un forçage radiatif, et peuvent intervenir dans la chimie hétérogène atmosphérique, ainsi que dans la dynamique des nuages. Elles jouent aussi un rôle dans la redistribution de matière à l'échelle globale, notamment par leur dépôt loin des zones sources. L'estimation des quantités d'aérosols minéraux présents dans l'atmosphère, et donc de leurs flux d'émission, qui se font sous l'action du vent en zones arides et semi-arides, demeure l'objet de fortes incertitudes. Si les émissions de particules minérales en zones arides sont relativement bien contraintes à l'heure actuelle, les processus d'érosion éolienne en zones semi-arides sont plus complexes, en raison notamment de la dynamique des états de surface. L'objectif de cette étude est de quantifier les émissions d'aérosols minéraux par érosion éolienne en zone semi-aride sahélienne, et plus précisément d'estimer l'impact de la végétation saisonnière sur ces émissions, sans prendre en compte à ce stade les perturbations induites par l'action de l'homme. Nous avons mis en œuvre des outils de modélisation pour simuler le couvert végétal saisonnier et l'émission d'aérosols par érosion éolienne. La zone d'étude est la ceinture sahélienne, de 10°N à 20°N et de 20°W à 35°E. Les résolutions spatiales retenues sont de 0.10° à 0.25° et 0.5°, et la résolution temporelle de 1 à 10 jours. Afin de pouvoir tenir compte de la variabilité interannuelle des phénomènes observés, la couverture temporelle de l'étude est de 4 ans, sur la période 2004-2007. En régions semi-arides, la disponibilité en eau est le principal facteur limitant le développement de la végétation. Trois produits d'estimation des précipitations issus d'observations satellitaires (CMORPH, RFE2.0 et TRMM3B42) ont donc été comparés entre eux et comparés à des mesures de pluviomètres spatialement interpolées (AGHRYMET), au cours de la saison des pluies au Sahel. Trois critères de comparaisons ont été définis pour qualifier leur pertinence en termes de dynamique de la végétation (distribution spatiale, fréquence journalière et quantités des précipitations). Les trois produits sélectionnés montrent un bon accord sur la ceinture sahélienne, et ce pour les trois critères. De plus, le niveau d'accord est stable au cours du temps, de l'échelle intrasaisonnière à l'échelle interannuelle. La végétation est simulée avec le modèle STEP, conçu spécifiquement pour reproduire la dynamique de la végétation sahélienne. Les simulations sont réalisées en utilisant en entrée les trois champs de pluie issus de l'étape précédente. Les résultats sont comparés à des observations régionales issues de mesures satellitaires (LAI MODIS). Les critères de comparaisons sont déterminés pour leur pertinence en termes de caractérisation de l'état de la surface (limite nord, dates de démarrage et de maximum, et valeurs du maximum de végétation). Ces comparaisons montrent la capacité du modèle utilisé à reproduire la dynamique régionale annuelle. Les différentes phases du cycle végétatif sont bien restituées, avec toutefois des réserves sur le démarrage précis de la pousse. Les émissions d'aérosols désertiques sont simulées en utilisant le modèle DPM, qui repose sur la description explicite des processus physiques mis en jeu. Les caractéristiques des états de surface en l'absence de végétation (rugosité, types de sol) sont décrites en se basant sur des produits de surface satellitaires et de données issus de d'analyses géomorphologiques. En période végétative, les caractéristiques du couvert végétal simulé (hauteur, taux de couverture) sont converties en termes de rugosité dynamique de la surface. L'effet de l'humidité gravimétrique de la couche superficielle du sol est également pris en compte. L'impact de ces différents facteurs est alors illustré, notamment les différences dues à la présence du couvert végétal, en termes d'émissions d'aérosols minéraux, dans une zone définie comme la " frange émissive saisonnièrement végétalisée ", et dont l'étendue varie selon l'année et le produit de pluie utilisé en forçage. Pour la période 2004 à 2007, la strate herbacée saisonnière présente ainsi une capacité d'inhibition des émissions de l'ordre de 8 à 28% en masse du flux total annuel de cette frange, qui lui peut varier de 1 à 30 Mt environ.
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Karimi, Rachid. "Hydrogéologie et aménagement des eaux en zône aride exemple des plaines de Tagmoute et Tata (sud marocain) /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37614694c.

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Costa, Carlos Alexandre Gomes. "Umidade do solo e disponibilidade hídrica na zona das raízes em condições naturais de caatinga preservada." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2012. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/18822.

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COSTA, Alexandre Gomes da. Umidade do solo e disponibilidade hídrica na zona das raízes em condições naturais de caatinga preservada. 2012. 182 f. : Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, 2012. Fortaleza-CE, 2012.
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Regarding ecohydrology, the catchment water is distributed over several important compartments. Many studies in semiarid re gions indicate the surface reservoirs as the main water compartments. However, the watershed has greater scope than the water reservoirs contained therein, and water resources in compartments distributed in the watershed (like in soil) should be analyzed not only with regard to ecological uses, but also as spaces of water availability. Therefore, the object ive of this work was to analyze, based on measurements and modeling, the water dynamics in th e soils of a semi-arid basin in preserved Caatinga, and its impact on water availability. Wit h this in mind, it was measured, among others, the soil moisture, every hour, from 2003 to 2010 (2923 days) in the Aiuaba Experimental Basin (AEB, 12 km ²), fully preserved and with average annual rainfall of 560 mm. Monitoring was carried out through three TDR se nsors, one installed in each of the three soil and vegetation associations (SVA) identified in the basin. The research method considered six main steps: i) assessment of the eff ective root depth of preserved Caatinga ii) calibration of humidity TDR sensors iii) space-time representation of soil moisture in each SVA unit iv) analysis of soil water availability in the root zone, v) parameterization of the WASA-SED hydrological model, and vi) parameterizati on of the DiCaSM hydrological model. The results of this research indicate the importance of addressing the temporal analysis of soil moisture and soil water availability in the root zone to maintain the Caatinga biome. More specifically, it was observed that the effecti ve depth of the root system on AEB ranged between 70 and 80 cm in areas with deep soils, but in areas with shallow soils, it was observed that the effective depth of the roots had adapted to the constraints, having been reduced to less than 40 cm. Furthermore, the season al analysis showed that in the dry season, the roots have lengths up to 11 cm smaller, openin g, therefore, secondary pores that facilitate the penetration of what little rain water falls in the dry months (June-December), as well as in the first rains of the wet season. In the two SVAs whose soils are deep and the vegetation is dense, the soil water is 'not available' (ie below the permanent wilting point - WP) during nearly nine months a year (72% of the time), and on ly during three months of the year (25% of the time) the soil water is available. In the re maining 3% of the year (about 10 days) there is gravitational water in these SVAs. In the SVAs whose soil is shallow and whose vegetation is sparse, the dynamics of soil water are different : the time when there is gravitational water, available and unavailable, is practically the same (four months a year). This is due to, among other things, the low soil moisture at the permanen t wilting point of the Udorthent, and to its limited thickness, generating saturation much more frequently than in others that - unlike this one - have deep drainage. The depletion of soil wat er under conditions of moisture below the wilting point was another important result of this research. In the two associations with deep soils and thick vegetation, it was observed – throu ghout the observation period – continuous fall of moisture level until it approached asymptot ically the residual moisture. More detailed analysis showed that the reduction of soil moisture between the WP and the residual moisture level always followed the exponential decay. It was observed, in the association of shallow soil and sparse vegetation, that the moisture did not fall to below the WP, even subjected to the same rigorous climate of the other associations . Considering: (i) that in such a dry soil, the drainage is unlikely, and (ii) that the associated processes of percolation and evaporation should not be responsible for the removal of soil w ater either (since the phenomenon is not observed in SVAs whose soil is shallow and therefor e warmer) , it is raised the hypothesis that the soil drying under these conditions must be caused by water extraction by vegetation. This would strengthen the argument that the Caating a has adapted to survive under water stress. The hydrological models WASA-SED and DiCaSM failed to adequately represent the temporal dynamics of soil water in the AEB. However , the models did satisfactorily reproduce the retention curves of soil moisture, al lowing the representation of the water availability in the root zone for planning purposes . Finally, we managed to evaluate - quantitatively, spatially and temporally – the soil water availability. This availability is of the same order of magnitude of the availability of an o ptimal surface reservoir. The availability in the soil, in quantitative terms, can be almost five times higher than that of the surface reservoir. However, the security associated with su rface water (90%) is much higher than the water permanence available in the AEB: just 28% in areas with deep soils and 65% in areas with shallow soils.
A água na bacia hidrográfica está distribuída em diversos compartimentos importantes no que se refere à ecohidrologia. Muitos estudos em regiões semiáridas apontam os reservatórios superficiais como principais compartimentos de água. Entretanto, a bacia hidrográfica tem maior abrangência que as bacias hidráulicas nela contida, e os recursos hídricos nos compartimentos distribuídos na bacia hidrográfica (como no solo) devem ser analisados não somente no que se refere aos usos ecológicos, mas também como espaço de disponibilidade hídrica. Portanto, o objetivo do trabalho foi analisar, com base em medidas e modelagem, a dinâmica da água nos solos de uma bacia semiárida de Caatinga preservada e seu impacto sobre a disponibilidade hídrica. Para isso foi medida, entre outros, a umidade do solo a cada hora, de 2003 a 2010 (2923 dias) na Bacia Experimental de Aiuaba (BEA, 12 km²), totalmente preservada e com precipitação média anual de 560 mm. O monitoramento foi realizado através de três sensores TDR, um instalado em cada uma das três associações entre solo e vegetação (SVA) identificadas na bacia. O método de investigação considerou seis etapas principais: i) determinação da profundidade efetiva das raízes da Caatinga preservada; ii) calibração dos sensores de umidade tipo TDR; iii) representação espaço-temporal da umidade do solo em cada unidade de SVA; iv) análise da disponibilidade hídrica do solo na zona das raízes; v) parametrização do modelo hidrológico WASA-SED; e vi) parametrização do modelo hidrológico DiCaSM. Os resultados obtidos nesta pesquisa indicam a importância da abordagem da análise temporal da umidade do solo e da disponibilidade hídrica do solo na zona das raízes para a manutenção do bioma Caatinga. Mais especificamente, foi observado que a profundidade efetiva do sistema radicular na BEA oscilou entre 70 e 80 cm nas regiões com solos profundos, porém, em regiões com solos rasos, observou-se que a profundidade efetiva das raízes adaptou-se às restrições, ficando reduzida a menos de 40 cm. Além disso, a análise sazonal demonstrou que, na estação de estio, as raízes têm comprimentos até 11 cm menores, abrindo, portanto, poros secundários que facilitarão a penetração da água nas eventuais chuvas dos meses secos (junho a dezembro), assim como nas primeiras chuvas da estação úmida. Nas duas SVAs cujos solos são profundos e cuja vegetação é densa, a água no solo encontra-se ‘não-disponível’ (isto é, abaixo do ponto de murcha permanente – WP) em quase nove meses ao ano (72% do tempo); e somente durante três meses ao ano (25%) a água no solo encontra-se disponível. Nos 3% restantes do ano (cerca de 10 dias) há água gravitacional nessas SVAs. Na SVA cujo solo é raso e cuja vegetação é esparsa, a dinâmica da água no solo é diferente: o tempo em que há água gravitacional, disponível e não disponível é praticamente o mesmo (quatro meses ao ano). Isso se deve, entre outros, à baixa umidade do solo no ponto de murcha permanente do neossolo litólico; e à sua restrita espessura, gerando saturação muito mais frequentemente que nos demais solos que – ao contrário deste – dispõem de drenagem profunda. A depleção da água no solo sob condições de umidade abaixo do ponto de murcha foi outro resultado importante desta pesquisa. Nas duas associações com solos profundos e vegetação densa, observou-se – ao longo de todo o período investigado – decaimento contínuo da umidade até que a mesma se aproximasse assintoticamente da umidade residual. Análise mais detalhada demonstrou que a redução da umidade do solo entre o WP e a umidade residual sempre obedecia ao decaimento exponencial. Na associação com solo raso e vegetação esparsa observou-se que a umidade não caía para valores inferiores ao WP, mesmo sujeita ao mesmo rigor climático das demais associações. Considerando-se: (i) que em solo tão seco, a drenagem é improvável; e (ii) que os processos associados de percolação e evaporação tampouco devam ser os responsáveis pela retirada de água do solo (posto que o fenômeno não se observa na SVA cujo solo é raso e, portanto, mais quente); levanta-se a hipótese que o secamento do solo nessas condições deva ser causado por extração de água pela vegetação. Isso reforçaria a tese de que a Caatinga dispõe de adaptação para sobreviver mesmo em condições de estresse hídrico. Os modelos hidrológicos WASA-SED e DiCaSM não conseguiram representar adequadamente a dinâmica temporal da água nos solos da BEA. No entanto, os modelos reproduziram satisfatoriamente as curvas de permanência da umidade dos solos, permitindo representar a disponibilidade hídrica na zona das raízes para fins de planejamento. Por fim, logrou-se avaliar – quantitativa, espacial e temporalmente – a disponibilidade hídrica do solo. Esta é da mesma ordem de grandeza da disponibilidade de um reservatório superficial ótimo. Em termos quantitativos, a disponibilidade no solo chega a ser quase cinco vezes superior à do reservatório superficial, entretanto, a garantia associada da água superficial (90%) é bem superior à permanência da água disponível na BEA: apenas 28% nas áreas com solos profundos e 65% nas áreas com solos rasos.
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Osorio, Barahona Rodomiro. "Conséquences biologiques des variations du climat, de l'intensité de la coupe mécanique et du pâturage sur deux espèces arbustives de la région aride du Chili." Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20089.

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Books on the topic "Arid zone plants"

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Booth, F. E. M. Non-timber uses of selected arid zone trees and shrubs in Africa. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1988.

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Houérou, H. N. Le. Les plantations sylvo-pastorales dans la zone aride de Tunisie. Paris: Unesco, 1987.

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Lalymenko, N. K. Vozdelyvanie kormovykh kulʹtur v aridnoĭ zone na oroshenii khozi͡a︡ĭstvenno-bytovymi stochnymi vodami: Na primere g. Nebitdaga. Ashgabat: Ylym, 1992.

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Gintzburger, Gustave. Rangelands of the arid and semi-arid zones in Uzbekistan. Montpellier, France: CIRAD, 2003.

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Khamdamov, I. Kh. Morfologo-biologicheskie osobennosti kormovykh rasteniĭ aridnoĭ zony Uzbekistana. Tashkent: "Mekhnat", 1987.

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Roy, M. M. Status of plant genetic resources at Central Arid Zone Research Institute. Jodhpur: Central Arid Zone Research Institute, 2012.

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P, Gupta J. Biomass production and rehabilitation of degraded lands in arid zone. Jodhpur: Division of Integrated Landuse Management and Farming System, Central Arid Zone Research Institute, 2002.

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Arbonnier, Michel. Trees, shrubs and lianas of West African dry zones. Paris: CIRAD, 2004.

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Severtoka, Iosif Iosifovich. Dekorativnye formy khvoĭnykh rasteniĭ dli͡a︡ ozelenenii͡a︡: Umerennye i aridnye zony. Ashgabat: Ylym, 1993.

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Plisak, R. P. Vlii͡a︡nie vodokhranilishch aridnoĭ zony na rastitelʹnostʹ. Alma-Ata: "Gylym", 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Arid zone plants"

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Maconochie, J. R. "Plants of the Australian arid zone — an undeveloped potential." In Plants for Arid Lands, 289–301. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-6830-4_21.

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Le Houérou, H. N. "Forage and fuel plants in the arid zone of North Africa, the Near and Middle East." In Plants for Arid Lands, 117–41. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-6830-4_10.

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He, Honghua, David J. Eldridge, and Hans Lambers. "Mineral Nutrition of Plants in Australia’s Arid Zone." In On the Ecology of Australia’s Arid Zone, 77–102. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93943-8_4.

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Bhansali, R. Raj, and Manjit Singh. "Somatic Embryogenesis in Fruit and Forest Trees of Arid Zone." In Somatic Embryogenesis in Woody Plants, 141–67. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3030-3_5.

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Pathak, Rakesh, Praveen Gehlot, and S. K. Singh. "Seed Priming-Mediated Induced Disease Resistance in Arid Zone Plants." In Microbial-mediated Induced Systemic Resistance in Plants, 57–67. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0388-2_5.

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Pathak, Rakesh, S. K. Singh, and Praveen Gehlot. "Diversity, Nitrogen fixation, and Biotechnology of Rhizobia from Arid Zone Plants." In Soil Biology, 61–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64982-5_5.

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Le Houérou, H. N. "Salt-tolerant plants for the arid regions of the Mediterranean isoclimatic zone." In Towards the rational use of high salinity tolerant plants, 403–22. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1858-3_42.

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Bhansali, Rikhab Raj. "Ganoderma Diseases of Woody Plants of Indian Arid Zone and their Biological Control." In Plant Defence: Biological Control, 209–39. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1933-0_9.

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Najjaa, Hanen, Abdelkarim Ben Arfa, Ákos Máthé, and Mohamed Neffati. "Aromatic and Medicinal Plants of Tunisian Arid and Desert Zone Used in Traditional Medicine, for Drug Discovery and Biotechnological Applications." In Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of the World, 157–230. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1120-1_8.

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Bouwer, H. "Water Conservation in Arid Zones." In Water Saving Techniques for Plant Growth, 21–31. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2767-7_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Arid zone plants"

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Davlatova, D. М., M. В. Niyzmuhamedova, D. Berdiev, M. М. Rahimov, F. Kosumbekova, and N. Kamolov. "WATER CONTENT IN LEAVES OF HALOPHYTES AND XEROPHYTES GROWING IN ARID ZONE OF TAJIKISTAN." In The All-Russian Scientific Conference with International Participation and Schools of Young Scientists "Mechanisms of resistance of plants and microorganisms to unfavorable environmental". SIPPB SB RAS, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31255/978-5-94797-319-8-256-258.

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Umarov, B. R. "Association of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms in the surface of nodules in wild perennial leguminous plants Onobrychis transcaucasica and Onobrychis chorassanica." In 2nd International Scientific Conference "Plants and Microbes: the Future of Biotechnology". PLAMIC2020 Organizing committee, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/plamic2020.262.

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The results of molecular genetic analysis root nodule bacteria wild leguminous plants germinating in the Arid zones Central Asia can penetrate into various nitrogen-fixing microorganisms. Bacteria of plants Onobrychis transcaucasica and Onobrychis chorossanica origin are found bacteria in the class Alphaproteobacteria and some nitrogen-fixing bacteria which we are write were in the class of Betaproteobacteria.
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Velasco, I. "Growing vulnerability of the arid zones to drought and its impacts." In RAVAGE OF THE PLANET 2006. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/rav060451.

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Tan Yuen, P., A. Savchenko, N. Broit, G. Boyle, P. Parsons, and C. Williams. "The First Plant Seco-Steroid and a New lignan from the Australian Arid Zone." In GA 2017 – Book of Abstracts. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1608084.

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Kostenkova, E. V., and A. S. Bushnev. "Improvement the technology of sunflower cultivation to increase the yield and oil collection." In CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-20205-9-10-30.

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The research results indicate the high adaptive potential of hybrids and varieties of sunflower of domestic breeding in the arid zone of the Crimea. The optimized cultivation technology under contrasting weather conditions, taking into account optimal sowing period and plant density, allows you to obtain yield up to 1.71 t/ha for hybrids; up to 1.92 t/ha for confectionery varieties with an oil content of seeds up to 45.5 %.
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Palapin, I. V., M. V. Marchenko, S. A. Kiryachek, and T. R. Toloraya. "Yields of maize hybrids depending on their early ripeness, usage of fertilizer and plant density in the central zone of the Krasnodar Territory." In CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2020-5-9-10-38.

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Research results include the study of grain productivity of maize hybrids of three groups of ripeness against the background of fertilizer usage in autumn, nitrogen dressing in spring, and plant density. In the arid 2018, top dressing against the background without fertilization in autumn was more effective; in 2019, early ripening hybrid ‘Krasnodar 194 MV’ provided maximum yield at a rate of 6.05 t/ha when N30P30K60 fertilization was carried out in autumn and N30 top dressing in spring. The average yield (6.30 t/ha) provided early ripening hybrid when plant density was 70 thousand per hectare and fertilizer levels reached N60P60K60. Mid-season hybrid ‘Krasnodar 377 AMV’ under similar plant density and a half-dose of fertilizer led to obtaining maximum yield (7.67 t/ha).
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Faibish, R. S., T. Konishi, and M. Gasparini. "Application of Nuclear Energy for Seawater Desalination: Design Concepts of Nuclear Desalination Plants." In 10th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone10-22071.

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Nuclear energy is playing an important role in electricity generation, producing 16% of the world’s electricity. However, most of the world’s energy consumption is in the form of heat, in which case nuclear energy could also play an important role. In particular, process heat for seawater desalination using nuclear energy has been of growing interest to some Member States of the International Atomic Energy Agency over the past two decades. This growing interest stems from increasingly acute freshwater shortages in many arid and semi-arid zones around the world. Indeed, several national and international nuclear desalination demonstration programs are already under way or being planned. Of particular interest are projects for seawater nuclear desalination plants in coastal regions, where saline feed water can serve the dual purpose of cooling water for the nuclear reactor and as feed water for the desalination plant. In principle any nuclear reactor can provide energy (low-grade heat and/or electricity), as required by desalination processes. However, there are some additional requirements to be met under specific conditions in order to introduce nuclear desalination. Technical issues include meeting more stringent safety requirements (nuclear reactors themselves and nuclear-desalination integrated complexes in particular), and performance improvement of the integrated systems. Economic competitiveness is another important factor to be considered for a broader deployment of nuclear desalination. For technical robustness and economic competitiveness a number of design variants of coupling configurations of nuclear desalination integrated plant concepts are being evaluated. This paper identifies and discusses various factors, which support the attractiveness of nuclear desalination. It further summarizes some of the key approaches recommended for nuclear desalination complex design and gives an overview of various design concepts of nuclear desalination plants, which are experienced, being implemented or evaluated by several IAEA Member States. Operating experience with nuclear desalination using a liquid-metal reactor BN-350 in Kazakhstan and several Pressurized Water Reactor units in Japan is discussed. Results of economic analyses of nuclear desalination are also presented in order to illustrate the competitiveness of this technology with other conventional desalination operations.
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Kazanbayeva, L. M. "ANTHROPOGENIC FACTORS AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON FORMATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF GROUNDWATER WITHIN THE PLATFORM DEN-UDATION PLAINS OF THE ARID ZONE OF KAZAKHSTAN (CENTRAL KAZAKHSTAN)." In 19th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference EXPO Proceedings. STEF92 Technology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2019/1.2/s02.009.

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Diaconu, Daniela, Kay Birdsell, and George Zyvoloski. "Natural and Engineered Barriers in a Romanian Disposal Site for Low and Intermediate Level Waste." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4638.

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The operational waste generated by the Cernavoda Nuclear Power Plant will be disposed in a near-surface facility. The low and intermediate level wastes, containing particularly large concentrations of C-14 and H-3, are treated and conditioned in steel drums, which will be placed in the disposal cells and then immobilized in concrete. The Saligny site has been proposed for LIL waste disposal. Geologically, the main components of this site are the quaternary loess, the Precambrian and pre-quaternary clays, and the Eocene and Barremian limestones. Hydrologically, the site can be divided into a vadose zone down to 45–50m and three distinct aquifers, two of them in the limestone beds and the third into the lenses of sand and limestone existing in the pre-quaternary clay layer. Preliminary performance assessments, presented in this paper, indicate that the geologic layers are efficient natural barriers against water flow and radionuclide migration from the vadose zone to the Barremian aquifer. The semi-arid climate and the low precipitation rate prevent contaminant transport from the disposal site to the Eocene aquifer. FEHM simulations of transient groundwater flow showed that seasonal variations influence the moisture content profile in the top of the vadose zone, but the influence over the long term is not significant for contaminant transport. The Danube River level variations control water movement in the Barremian aquifer, especially in the upper part where the limestone is highly fractured and water moves toward the river when its level is low and toward the site when the river level is high. The disposal concept tries to combine the natural and engineered barriers in order to ensure the safety of the environment and population. Therefore, the concrete filling the disposal cells surrounds the waste with a medium that facilitates C-14 retention by precipitation, thus reducing the C-14 releases in the atmosphere and geosphere.
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Kruis, Nathanael J., and Matthew K. Heun. "Analysis of the Performance of Earthship Housing in Various Global Climates." In ASME 2007 Energy Sustainability Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2007-36030.

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Earthships are houses that use walls of recycled automobile tires packed with soil to retain a berm on three sides of the home while glazing on the sunny side (south in the Northern Hemisphere, north in the Southern Hemisphere) allows solar heat into the home’s interior. This paper discusses the design and application of earthships and assesses the feasibility of earthships as sustainable and healthy places of residence. The paper begins by describing the aspects of earthship design which contribute to sustainability, including the construction of the thermal envelope and its effect on the thermal comfort of the occupants; the building’s ability to harness renewable energy; and the catchwater and water reuse system. Each of these aspects is analyzed with computer models that simulate homes in four distinct climate zones to determine (a) whether the design meets the comfort, electrical, and water demand for each location, and (b) the financial implications for construction and operation of an earthship in each location in comparison with a standard wood-frame house. The study shows that earthships are a financially feasible design alternative for dry/arid, humid continental, and continental sub-arctic climates; but are not feasible for tropical wet/dry climates.
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Reports on the topic "Arid zone plants"

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Brandt, Leslie A., Cait Rottler, Wendy S. Gordon, Stacey L. Clark, Lisa O'Donnell, April Rose, Annamarie Rutledge, and Emily King. Vulnerability of Austin’s urban forest and natural areas: A report from the Urban Forestry Climate Change Response Framework. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Northern Forests Climate Hub, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2020.7204069.ch.

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The trees, developed green spaces, and natural areas within the City of Austin’s 400,882 acres will face direct and indirect impacts from a changing climate over the 21st century. This assessment evaluates the vulnerability of urban trees and natural and developed landscapes within the City Austin to a range of future climates. We synthesized and summarized information on the contemporary landscape, provided information on past climate trends, and illustrated a range of projected future climates. We used this information to inform models of habitat suitability for trees native to the area. Projected shifts in plant hardiness and heat zones were used to understand how less common native species, nonnative species, and cultivars may tolerate future conditions. We also assessed the adaptability of planted and naturally occurring trees to stressors that may not be accounted for in habitat suitability models such as drought, flooding, wind damage, and air pollution. The summary of the contemporary landscape identifies major stressors currently threatening trees and forests in Austin. Major current threats to the region’s urban forest include invasive species, pests and disease, and development. Austin has been warming at a rate of about 0.4°F per decade since measurements began in 1938 and temperature is expected to increase by 5 to 10°F by the end of this century compared to the most recent 30-year average. Both increases in heavy rain events and severe droughts are projected for the future, and the overall balance of precipitation and temperature may shift Austin’s climate to be more similar to the arid Southwest. Species distribution modeling of native trees suggests that suitable habitat may decrease for 14 primarily northern species, and increase for four more southern species. An analysis of tree species vulnerability that combines model projections, shifts in hardiness and heat zones, and adaptive capacity showed that only 3% of the trees estimated to be present in Austin based on the most recent Urban FIA estimate were considered to have low vulnerability in developed areas. Using a panel of local experts, we also assessed the vulnerability of developed and natural areas. All areas were rated as having moderate to moderate-high vulnerability, but the underlying factors driving that vulnerability differed by natural community and between East and West Austin. These projected changes in climate and their associated impacts and vulnerabilities will have important implications for urban forest management, including the planting and maintenance of street and park trees, management of natural areas, and long-term planning.
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