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Journal articles on the topic 'Arid regions ecology'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 February 2023

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1

Aboal, Marina, José Carlos Cristóbal, and José Pedro Marín-Murcia. "Sobre la presencia de Nostoc commune var. flagelliforme (Nostocaceae, Cyanophyceae) en suelos arcillosos de regiones áridas del sureste español." Acta Botanica Malacitana 35 (December 1, 2010): 156–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.24310/abm.v35i0.6955.

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About the presence of Nostoc commune var. flagelliforme (Nostocaceae, Cyanophyceae) on clay soils from arid regions of south east SpainPalabras clave. Cyanophyceae, Nostoc, distribución, ecología, morfología, regiones áridas, SE España.Keywords. Cyanophyceae, Nostoc, distribution, ecology, morphology, arid regions, Southeastern Spain.

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2

Aboal, Marina, José Carlos Cristóbal, and José Pedro Marín-Murcia. "Sobre la presencia de Nostoc commune var. flagelliforme (Nostocaceae, Cyanophyceae) en suelos arcillosos de regiones áridas del sureste español. About the presence of Nostoc commune var. flagelliforme (Nostocaceae, Cyanophyceae) on clay soils from arid regions of south east Spain." Acta Botanica Malacitana 35 (December 1, 2010): 156–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.24310/abm.v35i0.2859.

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About the presence of Nostoc commune var. ﬂ agelliforme (Nostocaceae, Cyanophyceae) on clay soils from arid regions of south east Spain Palabras clave. Cyanophyceae,Nostoc, distribución, ecología, morfología, regiones áridas, SE España. Keywords.Cyanophyceae, Nostoc, distribution, ecology, morphology, arid regions, Southeastern Spain.

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3

Zhang, Guo Zhen, Qian Wang, and Fu Ping Wu. "Research on Water Ecology of Tunnel Engineering in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions." Applied Mechanics and Materials 212-213 (October 2012): 647–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.212-213.647.

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This article focuses on the tunnel construction process in arid and semi-arid regions which producing water environment problems ,proposing to initialize the control for the water pollution, containment of surface water and groundwater quality deterioration and loss of water and soil in the process of tunnel construction.The water eco-system of tunnel engineering in the arid and semi-arid regions is researched and established, so as to achieve the control for the surface water and groundwater pollution problems of tunnel project in arid and semi-arid regions, and to provide relevant guidance for the tunnel project.

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4

Li, Xuehua, Xiaolan Li, Deming Jiang, Zhimin Liu, and Qinghe Yu. "Annual plants in arid and semi-arid desert regions." Frontiers of Biology in China 3, no. 3 (March 14, 2008): 259–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11515-008-0054-6.

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5

Cheng, Guo-dong, Du-ning Xiao, and Gen-xu Wang. "Characteristics and construction of landscape ecology in arid regions." Chinese Geographical Science 10, no. 1 (March 2000): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11769-000-0031-8.

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6

Sharma, K. D., and J. S. R. Murthy. "Ephemeral flow modelling in arid regions." Journal of Arid Environments 33, no. 2 (June 1996): 161–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jare.1996.0054.

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7

Green, J. "Small Water Impoundments in Semi-arid Regions." Journal of Arid Environments 16, no. 3 (May 1989): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-1963(18)30956-x.

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8

Delany, M. J. "Natural Resources and Development in Arid Regions." Journal of Arid Environments 9, no. 1 (July 1985): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-1963(18)31275-8.

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9

Sawyer, Benjamin. "Sandalwood (Santalum spicatum) establishment in the semi-arid and arid regions of Western Australia." Rangeland Journal 35, no. 1 (2013): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj12088.

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Harvesting of sandalwood (Santalum spicatum) occurs mainly from wild stands in the semi-arid and arid regions (typical annual rainfall 150–300 mm) of Western Australia. Regeneration of wild sandalwood in these regions is believed to be low since the occurrence of changes in land use associated with European settlement. This is thought to be due to factors including drought, poor seed dispersal and grazing. The objective of the study was to increase the germination and establishment of sandalwood through exploring seed response to rainfall. Additionally, the potential of soil-preparation techniques to utilise trace amounts of moisture was investigated. Two 25-ha plots were located either side of the semi-arid–arid divide. Into the plots 16 replicates of the control and 96 replicates of treatments were installed and sown with 11 200 seeds. Rainfall and other weather parameters were recorded at each site with an automated weather station. The study was replicated in 2008 and 2009. It was concluded from the study that there was a statistically significant relationship between germination and rainfall. It is proposed that the germination threshold is 264 mm per year which coincides with the long-term annual rainfall average of Kalgoorlie, Western Australia. Furthermore, a statistically significant relationship between germination and soil preparation was demonstrated. Ripping crust-forming soils before sowing and the construction of water-harvest banks had a positive effect. Information gained from these studies has led to the Western Australian State Government implementing a seeding program to increase sandalwood regeneration in the semi-arid region.

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10

Smanov, Zhassulan, Shakhislam Laiskhanov, Maksat Poshanov, Yerzhan Abikbayev, Saken Duisekov, and Yerdaulet Tulegenov. "Mapping of Cornfield Soil Salinity in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions." Journal of Ecological Engineering 24, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 146–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.12911/22998993/155952.

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11

Sharma, K. D., and J. S. R. Murthy. "A conceptual sediment transport model for arid regions." Journal of Arid Environments 33, no. 3 (July 1996): 281–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jare.1996.0065.

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12

Tranmer, Craig, Arie S. Issar, and Sol D. Resnick. "Runoff, Infiltration and Subsurface Flow of Water in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions." Journal of Range Management 51, no. 4 (July 1998): 480. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4003341.

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13

Liu, Xinyi, Quan Lai, Shan Yin, Yuhai Bao, Song Qing, Li Mei, and Lingxin Bu. "Exploring sandy vegetation sensitivities to water storage in China’s arid and semi-arid regions." Ecological Indicators 136 (March 2022): 108711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.108711.

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14

Issar, A. S. "Progressive development to sustain food supply in the arid and semi-arid regions (ASAR)." Journal of Arid Environments 73, no. 3 (March 2009): 396–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2008.10.010.

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15

Scarnecchia, David L., A. Henderson-Sellers, and A. J. Pitman. "Vegetation and Climate Interactions in Semi-Arid Regions." Journal of Range Management 46, no. 4 (July 1993): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4002477.

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16

Modarres, R. "Regional maximum wind speed frequency analysis for the arid and semi-arid regions of Iran." Journal of Arid Environments 72, no. 7 (July 2008): 1329–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2007.12.010.

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17

Tan, Z. Y., F. L. Kan, G. X. Peng, E. T. Wang, B. Reinhold-Hurek, and W. X. Chen. "Rhizobium yanglingense sp. nov., isolated from arid and semi-arid regions in China." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 51, no. 3 (May 1, 2001): 909–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/00207713-51-3-909.

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18

Yang, Weixi. "Trends and responses to global change of China’s arid regions." Frontiers of Forestry in China 4, no. 3 (June 4, 2009): 255–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11461-009-0055-x.

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19

Eamus, Derek, and Anthony R. Palmer. "Is Climate Change a Possible Explanation for Woody Thickening in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions?" Research Letters in Ecology 2007 (2007): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/37364.

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Increased woody plant density (woody encroachment or woody thickening) is a globally observed phenomenon. Similarly, increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and decreased pan evaporation rates are globally observed phenomena. In this paper, we propose that the former (increased woody plant density) is a product of the latter. We propose that decreased stomatal conductance and increased rates of carbon fixation arising from an enriched atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration, in conjunction with reduced rates of pan evaporation, result in increased woody plant density. We suggest that this is analogous to the increased woody plant density that is observed along rainfall gradients that span arid to mesic environments. From this conceptual model, we make three predictions, namely, that (a) long-term trends in tree water-use-efficiency should reveal increased values; (b) run-off data should show an increase where woody thickening is occurring; (c) enrichedCO2experiments should reveal an enhanced plant water status. These three predictions are discussed and shown to be supported by experimental data.

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20

Jung, Kichul, and Taha B. M. J. Ouarda. "Classification of drainage network types in the arid and semi-arid regions of Arizona and California." Journal of Arid Environments 144 (September 2017): 60–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2017.04.013.

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21

Ariati, Siti R., Daniel J. Murphy, Stuart Gardner, and Pauline Y. Ladiges. "Morphological and genetic variation within the widespread species Acacia victoriae (Mimosaceae)." Australian Systematic Botany 20, no. 1 (2007): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb06026.

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Morphological variation in Acacia victoriae, a species widespread in arid and semi-arid regions of Australia, was analysed by phenetic methods of classification and ordination. Three morphological groups were identified on the basis of phyllode characters and are treated as subspecies. Populations with short, elliptic and tomentose phyllodes are confirmed as A. victoriae subsp. arida Pedley; this form occurs mainly in central Australia. Populations with linear to oblong, non-tomentose phyllodes are referred to subsp. victoriae; this subspecies is the most variable and widely distributed across Australia. Populations with very long, narrow phyllodes, distributed in northern Australia from the Kimberley to Queensland, are described as fasciaria subsp. nov. A small number of non-tomentose specimens with broad elliptic phyllodes from central Australia require further assessment. Thirteen accessions previously sequenced for internal spacer regions and external spacer regions of ribosomal nuclear DNA showed genetic divergence. Six accessions of subsp. fasciaria formed a clade in a parsimony analysis, confirming that the long phyllode form is genetically distinct.

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22

Toit, Pierre C. V. Du. "Estimating Grazing Index Values for Plants from Arid Regions." Journal of Range Management 53, no. 5 (September 2000): 529. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4003654.

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23

Rybka, K. Yu, and N. M. Shchegol’kova. "Features of Functioning of Constructed Wetlands in Arid Regions." Arid Ecosystems 11, no. 3 (July 2021): 304–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s2079096121030112.

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24

Xu, Yanyun, Junyong Ye, Ahlam Khalofah, Ali Tan Kee Zuan, Rehmat Ullah, and Ahmed M. El-Shehawi. "Seed germination ecology of Conyza sumatrensis populations stemming from different habitats and implications for management." PLOS ONE 16, no. 12 (December 2, 2021): e0260674. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260674.

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Conyza sumatrensis (Retz.) E. H. Walker is an obnoxious weed, emerging as an invasive species globally. Seed germination biology of four populations of the species stemming from arid, semi-arid, temperate, and humid regions was determined in this study. Seed germination was recorded under six different environmental cues (i.e., light/dark periods, constant and alternating day and night temperatures, pH, salinity, and osmotic potential levels) in separate experiment for each cue. Populations were main factor, whereas levels of each environmental cue were considered as sub-factor. The impact of seed burial depths on seedling emergence was inferred in a greenhouse pot experiment. Seed germination was recorded daily and four germination indices, i.e., seed germination percentage, mean germination time, time to reach 50% germination, and mean daily germination were computed. Tested populations and levels of different environmental cues had significant impact on various seed germination indices. Overall, seeds stemming from arid and semi-arid regions had higher seed germination potential under stressful and benign environmental conditions compared to temperate and humid populations. Seed of all populations required a definite light period for germination and 12 hours alternating light and dark period resulted in the highest seed germination. Seed germination of all populations occurred under 5–30°C constant and all tested alternate day and night temperatures. However, the highest seed germination was recorded under 20°C. Seeds of arid and semi-arid populations exhibited higher germination under increased temperature, salinity and osmotic potential levels indicating that maternal environment strongly affected germination traits of the tested populations. The highest seed germination of the tested populations was noted under neutral pH, while higher and lower pH than neutral had negative impact on seed germination. Arid and semi-arid populations exhibited higher seed germination under increased pH compared to temperate and humid populations. Seed burial depth had a significant effect on the seedling emergence of all tested populations. An initial increase was noted in seedling emergence percentage with increasing soil depth. However, a steep decline was recorded after 2 cm seed burial depth. These results indicate that maternal environment strongly mediates germination traits of different populations. Lower emergence from >4 cm seed burial depth warrants that deep burial of seeds and subsequent zero or minimum soil disturbance could aid the management of the species in agricultural habitats. However, management strategies should be developed for other habitats to halt the spread of the species.

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25

Atazadeh, Ehsan, Andrew Barton, Mozhgan Shirinpour, Mahdi Zarghami, and Abbas Rajabifard. "River management and environmental water allocation in regulated ecosystems of arid and semi-arid regions – A review." Fundamental and Applied Limnology / Archiv für Hydrobiologie 193, no. 4 (June 23, 2020): 327–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/fal/2020/1286.

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Rivers make a significant contribution in providing goods and services for human well-being. Today, many rivers and streams have been heavily regulated to ensure adequate provision of water resources for anthropogenic uses. Riverine ecosystems, especially those in arid and semi-arid regions, are experiencing severe stress due to the increasing demands on the ecosystem services they provide, coupled with anthropogenic catchment-scale impacts and factors associated with natural and human-induced climate variability and change. In this paper, the various flow components in regulated riverine ecosystems and the methods to determine environmental flows are reviewed. The review also focuses on the concurrent developments of eco-hydrological models and on the new opportunities for improving environmental flows of rivers by sustainably adjusting consumptive flows to fine-tune environmental flows and maximize the ecological benefit. In fact, the present paper highlights the role of consumptive flows, towards improving environmental flows, which has largely been neglected by river scientists and water managers. Indeed, consumptive flows can provide an opportunity to improve and support environmental flows in regulated riverine ecosystems. Addressing these challenges may aid water management efforts in finding sustainable solutions in riverine ecosystems by balancing environmental/ecological and human water requirements.

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26

Turner, D., B. Ostendorf, and M. Lewis. "An introduction to patterns of fire in arid and semi-arid Australia, 1998 - 2004." Rangeland Journal 30, no. 1 (2008): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj07039.

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Fire is a crucial element in shaping our world, whether of natural or anthropogenic origin. These fires can have both positive and negative consequences and impacts on our natural environment, society and its economics, not to mention global climate. Previous analyses of fire regimes in arid and semi-arid Australia have been of limited spatial or temporal extent. This lack of knowledge has hampered attempts at effective fire management. Satellite imagery allows the continuous detection, monitoring and mapping of fires. Active fires can be detected as fire hotspots, and burned areas mapped as patches from the change of surface reflectance properties in successive images. Data from NOAA’s advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) were used to assess the distribution, seasonality, frequency, number and extent of fire hotspots (FHS) and fire affected areas (FAA) across the entire arid and semi-arid country of Australia from 1998 to 2004. Utilising both of these fire datasets is important, as they complement each other and provide a more robust analysis of fire patterns. Between 1998 and 2004 almost 27% of arid and semi-arid Australia burnt at least once. The main trends in fire distribution follow latitudinal rainfall gradients. Regression analysis also shows a strong relationship with the pattern of antecedent rainfall. The seasonality of fire events varies between climate zones in accordance with the varying distribution of precipitation and temperature, which influence fuel accumulation and curing. For the first time we have a picture of fire patterns across the entire arid and semi-arid regions of the country. This includes several high fire years in certain areas following above-average rainfall. This analysis highlights similarities and differences between regions, giving policy makers and managers a basis from which to make more informed decisions in the present, and with which to compare future regimes.

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27

Moiwo, Juana Paul, and Fulu Tao. "Groundwater recharge and discharge analysis for land use conditions suitable for the hydrology and ecology of semiarid regions." Hydrology Research 45, no. 4-5 (October 15, 2013): 563–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2013.103.

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Land use is critical for the hydrology of arid/semiarid regions with fragile/valuable ecosystems. Using Western Jilin as proxy for arid/semiarid, four land use conditions were investigated for the sustainability of fragile/valuable ecosystems – land use conditions for 1930 (pre-development), 2010 (post-development), forestland and grassland. For forestland/grassland, barren/bare-lands and land surfaces with ≥10% slope in 2010 were replaced with grass and forest. Error analysis showed good agreements among the model-simulated and field-measured values, with average error <10%. Shifting from 1930 to 2010 land use condition decreased annual recharge and discharge by 17.09% (21.46 mm/yr or 1.01 × 109m3) and 34.14% (10.03 mm/yr or 4.70 × 108m3), respectively, in the 4.69 × 1010m2 study area. Rehabilitating 2010 land use with forest increased recharge and discharge, respectively, by 6.25% (6.51 mm/yr or 3.05 × 108m3) and 12.82% (2.88 mm/yr or 1.16 × 108m3). Replacing the forest with grass increased recharge and discharge, respectively, by 15.22% (15.85 mm/yr or 7.43 × 108m3) and 35.85% (6.93 mm/yr or 3.25 × 108m3). Although pre-development land use condition was most conducive, grass performed better than forest in the study area. Rehabilitation with grass little affects food production in the region, and is thus applicable to other arid/semiarid regions.

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28

Gafforov, Yusufjon, Janett Riebesehl, Alexander Ordynets, Ewald Langer, Manzura Yarasheva, Masoomeh Ghobad-Nejhad, Li-Wei Zhou, Xue-Wei Wang, and Adriana de Mello Gugliotta. "Hyphodontia (Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota) and similar taxa from Central Asia." Botany 95, no. 11 (November 2017): 1041–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2017-0115.

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Wood-inhabiting fungi are noteworthy components of woody ecosystems that are responsible for the decomposition and turnover of wood nutrients. While the diversity and ecology of these fungi in the temperate forests has been relatively well explored, little is known on diversity of these fungi in the arid and semi-arid forest ecosystems. This is the first study on diversity, distribution, and ecology of the fungal genus Hyphodontia s.l. in the five countries of Central Asia, viz., Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. Altogether, 11 species are confirmed for the region, among which the following six species are reported for the first time from Central Asia: Hyphodontia alutaria, H. pallidula, Kneiffiella alutacea, Lyomyces crustosus, L. erastii, and L. sambuci. In addition to the morphological evidence, the identity of three species is confirmed with phylogenetic analysis based on ITS nuclear ribosomal DNA region. The spectra of known hosts for many of the studied species were expanded. An annotated species list and geo-referenced distribution maps are provided as well as notes on taxonomy, ecology, and local, regional, and global distribution. An identification key to the species of Hyphodontia s.l. recorded in arid and semi-arid regions of Central Asia is also provided.

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29

Lumsden, IF, and AF Bennet. "Bats of a semi-arid environment in south-eastern Australia: biogeography, ecology and conservation." Wildlife Research 22, no. 2 (1995): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9950217.

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A total of 2075 captures of 11 taxa of bats was recorded during an extensive survey of the vertebrate fauna of the semi-arid Mallee region of Victoria. A further two species, Pteropus scapulatus and Saccolaimus flaviventris, are known from previous records, thus bringing the total to 13 taxa known from the region. There was a marked seasonality in activity patterns and in reproduction. Activity, as revealed by trap captures, peaked over the spring to early autumn months when daytime temperatures are high and nights are mild. Births occurred from October to December, lactating females were recorded from November to February, and juveniles were trapped between December and late February, with minor variation in timing between species. Morphometric measurements revealed that females were generally larger and heavier than males. There was a high level of overlap of species between broad vegetation types. Woodland habitats, especially Riverine Woodland, tended to have a higher frequency of capture and a greater species richness of bats per trapping event than did Mallee Shrubland. The assemblage of bats in the Mallee region, Victoria, like those in other semi-arid regions of southern Australia, includes species that are widespread in Australia (e.g. Chalinolobus gouldii and Nyctophilus geoffroyi), together with species that primarily occur in semi-arid and arid environments (e.g. N. timoriensis, Scotorepens balstoni and Vespadelus baverstocki). This region, which includes mesic riverine habitats, also supports a group of species that are characteristic of temperate south-eastern Australia (e.g. C. morio, V. regulus and V. vulturnus). In comparison with assemblages from temperate and tropical environmental regions, those from the semi-arid region tend to have a lower species richness with fewer families represented, a higher level of insectivory, and a smaller modal body size. The conservation status of bats from the Mallee region, Victoria, is believed to be secure, although the status of N. timoriensis warrants further attention.

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Terra, Bianca de Freitas, Elvio Sergio Figueredo Medeiros, Jorge Iván Sánchez Botero, José Luis Costa Novaes, and Carla Ferreira Rezende. "ECOLOGIA DE PEIXES DE RIACHOS INTERMITENTES." Oecologia Australis 25, no. 02 (June 16, 2021): 605–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4257/oeco.2021.2502.23.

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The ecology of fish from intermittent streams in the Brazilian semi-arid region is still little known. In the past twenty years, the number of researchers dedicated to this topic has increased considerably. However, significant gaps still exist when compared to the perennial streams of other regions of Brazil. Questions that address seasonal variations come up against the determination of capture methods and techniques that are efficient in the different phases of the hydrological cycle. In addition, techniques widely used in perennial systems, such as electrofishing, in most cases, have not been effective. Aspects related to biology, physiology, behavior, functional and taxonomic ecology of fish still need to be investigated taking into account seasonal and spatial scale variations. In view of the growing transformation imposed on the Brazilian semi-arid region by the extensive use of natural resources and by climate change, aquatic environments and their biodiversity are threatened by the transformation of riparian vegetation, the sewage release, the species introduction, the modification of its course and artificial perennialization. Thus, we will present and discuss, in this paper, the studies developed on the ecology of fish in the intermittent streams of the Brazilian semi-arid region and the gaps and challenges to be faced by future research.

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31

Zhao, Y., and Q. F. Sun. "Reliability of pollen concentration as the indicator of effective moisture in arid and semi-arid regions of China." Journal of Arid Environments 74, no. 3 (March 2010): 423–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2009.09.012.

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32

Guo, M., X. F. Wang, J. Li, K. P. Yi, G. S. Zhong, H. M. Wang, and H. Tani. "Spatial distribution of greenhouse gas concentrations in arid and semi-arid regions: A case study in East Asia." Journal of Arid Environments 91 (April 2013): 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2013.01.001.

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33

Zhao, Yan, Hongyan Liu, Furong Li, Xiaozhong Huang, Jinghui Sun, Wenwei Zhao, Ulrike Herzschuh, and Yu Tang. "Application and limitations of the Artemisia/Chenopodiaceae pollen ratio in arid and semi-arid China." Holocene 22, no. 12 (July 24, 2012): 1385–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683612449762.

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The Artemisia/Chenopodiaceae (A/C) ratio is assumed to be a useful index for reconstructing moisture changes in arid and semi-arid regions. Thorough modern pollen studies are still lacking to understand the reliability and limitation of A/C ratio as a moisture indicator, however. Here we review how well this ratio can be applied in arid and semi-arid China on the basis of new surface pollen data, previous data synthesis and other publications. Results indicate that variance in the A/C ratio can permit identification of modern vegetation types and that the A/C ratio generally has a positive relationship with annual precipitation. However, soil salinity, vegetation community composition, human activity and sample provenance (e.g. soil and lake sediments) will affect the values of the A/C ratio in different vegetation zones and therefore the A/C ratio is not comparable in different regions. We argue that the A/C ratio can only be used to reconstruct vegetation types and climate change in regions with precipitation <450–500 mm, and in steppe, steppe desert and desert areas. Careful studies should be undertaken to understand the modern pollen–vegetation–climate relationships in various regions before using the A/C ratio to interpret vegetation and climate.

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34

Colomer, J. Silva, and C. B. Passera. "The nutritional value of Atriplex spp. as fodder for arid regions." Journal of Arid Environments 19, no. 3 (November 1990): 289–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-1963(18)30793-6.

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35

Obot, E. A. "Echinochloa stagnina, a potential dry season livestock fodder for arid regions." Journal of Arid Environments 12, no. 2 (March 1987): 175–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-1963(18)31188-1.

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36

Zhou, Lizhi, and MA Yong. "Distribution patterns of rodent diversity in arid regions of West China." Biodiversity Science 10, no. 1 (2002): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17520/biods.2002007.

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37

Yadav, S. S., and Rattan Lal. "Vulnerability of women to climate change in arid and semi-arid regions: The case of India and South Asia." Journal of Arid Environments 149 (February 2018): 4–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2017.08.001.

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JIANG, WENYING, JOÃL GUIOT, GUOQIANG CHU, HAIBIN WU, BAOYIN YUAN, CHRISTINE HATTÃ, and ZHENGTANG GUO. "An improved methodology of the modern analogues technique for palaeoclimate reconstruction in arid and semi-arid regions." Boreas 39, no. 1 (January 2010): 145–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3885.2009.00115.x.

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Batanouny, K. H. "Environmental effects of off-road vehicles. Impacts and management in arid regions." Vegetatio 60, no. 2 (March 1985): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00040349.

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Soti, Pushpa, and Vanessa Thomas. "Review of the invasive forage Grass, Guinea grass ( Megathyrsus maximus ): Ecology and potential impacts in arid and semi‐arid regions." Weed Research 62, no. 1 (October 24, 2021): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/wre.12512.

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McAllister, R. R. J., B. Cheers, T. Darbas, J. Davies, C. Richards, C. J. Robinson, M. Ashley, D. Fernando, and Y. T. Maru. "Social networks in arid Australia: a review of concepts and evidence." Rangeland Journal 30, no. 1 (2008): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj07040.

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Arid systems are markedly different from non-arid systems. This distinctiveness extends to arid-social networks, by which we mean social networks which are influenced by the suite of factors driving arid and semi-arid regions. Neither the process of how aridity interacts with social structure, nor what happens as a result of this interaction, is adequately understood. This paper postulates three relative characteristics which make arid-social networks distinct: that they are tightly bound, are hierarchical in structure and, hence, prone to power abuses, and contain a relatively higher proportion of weak links, making them reactive to crisis. These ideas were modified from workshop discussions during 2006. Although they are neither tested nor presented as strong beliefs, they are based on the anecdotal observations of arid-system scientists with many years of experience. This paper does not test the ideas, but rather examines them in the context of five arid-social network case studies with the aim of hypotheses building. Our cases are networks related to pastoralism, Aboriginal outstations, the ‘Far West Coast Aboriginal Enterprise Network’ and natural resources in both the Lake-Eyre basin and the Murray–Darling catchment. Our cases highlight that (1) social networks do not have clear boundaries, and that how participants perceive their network boundaries may differ from what network data imply, (2) although network structures are important determinants of system behaviour, the role of participants as individuals is still pivotal, (3) and while in certain arid cases weak links are engaged in crisis, the exact structure of all weak links in terms of how they place participants in relation to other communities is what matters.

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Ambrose, SJ, and SD Bradshaw. "The Water and Electrolyte Metabolism of Free-Ranging and Captive White-Browed Scrubwrens, Sericornis-Frontalis (Acanthizidae), From Arid, Semi-Arid and Mesic Environments." Australian Journal of Zoology 36, no. 1 (1988): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9880029.

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Seasonal variations in water and sodium turnover of resident populations of free-ranging Sericornis frontalis were measured at three sites in Western Australia ranging from arid, through semi-arid to mesic environments. Scrubwrens at all three sites maintained water and sodium balance despite the wide variation in environment. During winter at semi-arid Eyre, however, scrubwrens had a greatly increased dietary sodium intake resulting from the deposition of airborne oceanic salt over the coastal dunes. Scrubwrens at arid Hamelin had significantly lower water turnover rates (e.g. 1.3 ml 10 g-'d-') than those at Eyre and mesic Rockingham during hot, dry periods. The highest rates of water turnover were recorded at Rockingham during wet winters. We discuss the ecological implications of these results. In laboratory studies, scrubwrens from arid regions consumed NaCl solutions of up to 0.8 mol l-', compared with a maximum of only 0.6 ml l-' by scrubwrens from semi-arid and mesic regions. Shark Bay scrubwrens also had a much greater renal-concentrating ability which may be partially accounted for by the larger proportion of medullary tissue in the kidneys of these birds.

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Ablat, Xarapat, Qi Wang, Nurmemet Arkin, Tang Guoping, and Rukeya Sawut. "Spatiotemporal variations and underlying mechanism of the floodplain wetlands in the meandering Yellow River in arid and semi-arid regions." Ecological Indicators 136 (March 2022): 108709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.108709.

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Jaglan, Mahabir Singh, and Mohammad Hashim Qureshi. "Irrigation development and its environmental consequences in arid regions of India." Environmental Management 20, no. 3 (May 1996): 323–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01203841.

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Wellman, Peter. "Australian corticolous myxomycetes: models of distribution and development." Australian Journal of Botany 67, no. 8 (2019): 617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt19155.

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This paper presents an integrated model of the variation over a continental landmass of myxomycetes, a single-celled organism in the phylum Amoebozoa. Bark samples were collected on long traverses across Australia, and cultivated in Petri dishes by the moist chamber technique to obtain large assemblages of common species. The results of this survey and previous surveys are consistent with there being four major myxomycete assemblages: Tropical, Northern Arid, Southern Arid and Temperate. Where mapped, these species assemblage regions are consistent with the Australian phytogeographical regions. The myxomycetes differ between arid and non-arid areas; the arid areas have slightly higher productivity per wetting event, with members of the Physarales and Liceales relatively important and the Stemonitidales, Trichiales and Cribrariales less important. When the bark samples are placed in a moist culture there is a myxomycete growth cycle and then the population declines to resting phases. The population increase during a growth phase can be modelled by a linear plot of log(abundance) against species rank, where abundance is total harvested spore volume of a species. The population decline appears to be linear from two weeks after watering, declining to negligible activity 4 weeks after watering.

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Zbiri, Asmae, Azeddine Hachmi, Dominique Haesen, and Fatima Ezzahrae El Alaoui-Faris. "New Investigation and Challenge for Spatiotemporal Drought Monitoring Using Bottom-Up Precipitation Dataset (SM2RAIN-ASCAT) and NDVI in Moroccan Arid and Semi-Arid Rangelands." Ekológia (Bratislava) 41, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 90–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eko-2022-0010.

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Abstract Remotely sensed soil moisture products showed sensitivity to vegetation cover density and soil typology at regional dryland level. In these regions, drought monitoring is significantly performed using soil moisture index and rainfall data. Recently, rainfall and soil moisture observations have increasingly become available. This has hampered scientific progress as regards characterization of land surface processes not just in meteorology. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between a newly developed precipitation dataset, SM2RAIN (Advanced SCATterometer (SM2RAIN-ASCAT), and NDVI (eMODIS-TERRA) in monitoring drought events over diverse rangeland regions of Morocco. Results indicated that the highest polynomial correlation coefficient and the lowest root mean square error (RMSE) between SM2RAIN-ASCAT and NDVI were found in a 10-year period from 2007 to 2017 in all rangelands (R = 0.81; RMSE = 0.05). This relationship was strong for degraded rangeland, where there were strong positive correlation coefficients for NDVI and SM2RAIN (R = 0.99). High correlations were found for sparse and moderate correlations for shrub rangeland (R = 0.82 and 0.61, respectively). The anomalies maps showed a very good similarity between SM2RAIN and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data. The results revealed that the SM2RAIN-ASCAT and NDVI product could accurately predict drought events in arid and semi-arid rangelands.

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Van Jaarsveld, E. J., and A. E. Van Wyk. "HYACINTHACEAE AND CRASSULACEAE." Bothalia 33, no. 1 (September 12, 2003): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v33i1.437.

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Tooth, Stephen. "Arid geomorphology: emerging research themes and new frontiers." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 33, no. 2 (April 2009): 251–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133309338135.

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Research conducted at the interfaces between traditionally disparate academic disciplines can provide fresh perspectives that catalyse novel research approaches and themes. With particular reference to publications from the last few years, this report focuses on a selection of emerging research themes that highlight the growing links between arid geomorphology and other disciplines, including ecology and soil science, sedimentology and petroleum geology, and planetary science. Three themes are addressed: (1) the role of fire in arid geomorphological systems, characterized by investigations that tend to focus on surface processes and landforms at relatively small spatial scales (plot to short channel reach) and short timescales (hours to years); (2) arid fluvial sedimentary systems, characterized by investigations that commonly focus on processes, landforms and sedimentary products at larger spatial scales (channel reach to basin) and longer timescales (years to millions of years); and (3) arid geomorphology on Mars, commonly characterized by process-landform investigations at very large spatial scales (entire physiographic regions to full planetary contexts) and yet longer timescales (millions to billions of years). For each theme, research gaps are identified, which provides an indication of where the research frontier currently lies. In particular, geomorphological research on Mars and other planetary bodies represents a new physical and intellectual frontier that offers great potential for further interplay with Earth landscape studies in arid and other climatic regions. While there are concerns about the present health and direction of geomorphology and physical geography, this rich diversity of themes provides evidence for vigorous and focused research in arid geomorphology.

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Reid, J., and M. Fleming. "The conservation status of birds in arid Australia." Rangeland Journal 14, no. 2 (1992): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9920065.

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The impression has been given in previous studies that there are few bird conservation problems in the arid zone, particularly because not one of a total of 230 species has become extinct. In stark contrast, almost half of the native terrestrial mammalian fauna of the Australian arid zone has become extinct on the mainland since European occupation. Here we show that the status of one half of the avifauna has changed since European occupation, and conclude there are many threats to avian biodiversity at the regional scale in the arid zone. There are 19 species (8%) in the arid zone classified as rare and threatened nationally. Twelve more (5%) are uncommon species which have declined or are at risk in two or more regions. A further 40 species (17%) have declined in at least one arid region, although many of these remain common and some have increased elsewhere in arid Australia. At least 45 species (20%) have increased in range or abundance, including a suite of ground-feeding birds associated with degraded landscapes. Striking patterns emerged from analysis of 29 threatened and declining species: • birds associated with chenopod shrublands and grassy, riparian or floodplain environments have been most affected whereas mulga inhabitants and canopy-dwellers of riparian woodland have been little affected; • birds generally with a northem distribution have declined in the south of the arid zone and birds with a southern distribution have declined in the north of the arid zone, and these patterns contrast with many birds with a southern or continental distribution which have declined more in southern semiarid regions than within the arid zone itself; • birds which feed at ground and low shrub height have been most adversely affected; • sedentary bushbirds (passerines) are more at risk than nomads and their limited mobility seems to be a risk factor; • among non-passerines, parrots, cockatoos and pigeons are most at risk, while three passerine families stand out, namely wrens, quail-thrushes, and thornbills and allies; • contrary to findings for mammals, size does not generally appear to be an important risk factor. Land degradation and habitat alteration such as shifts in abundance or dominance of plant species caused by the introduction of exotic herbivores appear to be the principal factors causing change in status while the provision of reliable water sources in pastoral districts is also important. Introduced predators are implicated in some cases and altered fire regimes may have played a part in spinifex and mallee habitats. Competitive interactions between increasing and declining species, although not demonstrated, appear to be likely for some species. We have documented a hitherto unsuspected degree of change in avian biodiversity in the Australian arid zone. In the absence of widespread regeneration of dominant plant species in the southern arid zone, the decline of many arid zone birds will accelerate dramatically. Also, unless better management ensues, the next major drought could cause accelerated declines and extinctions. We advocate a range of measures designed to improve the conservation prospects for arid Australian birds, including lower stocking rates on pastoral properties, rehabilitation of critical habitats and their protection from exotic herbivores, experimental research on the impact of grazing and predation, and monitoring of both threatened species and a range of sedentary passerines typically associated with representative habitats in the arid zone.

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Khaitov, Botir, Aziz Karimov, Jamila Khaitbaeva, Obidjon Sindarov, Akmal Karimov, and Yongqing Li. "Perspectives of Licorice Production in Harsh Environments of the Aral Sea Regions." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 18 (September 18, 2022): 11770. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811770.

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Along with pharmacological applications due to bioactive elements such as flavonoids and glycyrrhizin, licorice has positive influences on the rehabilitation, rejuvenation, and management of salt-affected degraded lands in arid regions. These features made this plant widely appreciated worldwide when climate change is showing detrimental impacts for crop production and food security. However, a growing demand followed by irrational harvesting of wild licorice plants has led to substantial dwindling of its natural habitat. There is an increasing need to protect the plant biodiversity since sustainability can be a problem with wild harvesting. Therefore, it is important to investigate cultivation technologies of licorice under harsh environments, while this plant can adapt to a wide range of climates. Thus, in this review, we studied, analyzed and summarized the literature on licorice cultivation methods counteracting the most common environmental stresses in the Aral Sea region. Particularly, the current knowledge was rationalized regarding on cultivation technologies for alleviating salt stress thereby improving crop production. We also highlighted that future research directions on licorice breeding and genomics that might facilitate to produce more resilient and sustainable licorice genotypes to renovate agricultural productivity under disastrous ecology and climate change of the arid regions. Whereas this area possesses all prerequisite conditions needed for successful cultivation of the alternative cash crop.

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