Journal articles on the topic 'Arid flora'
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1
Beudel, Saskia, and Margo Daly. "Gallant Desert Flora: Olive Pink’s Australian Arid Regions Flora Reserve." Historical Records of Australian Science 25, no. 2 (2014): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr14016.
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In the mid-1950s Olive Pink campaigned to have an area of land in Alice Springs set aside as a flora reserve. In 1956 the area was gazetted as the Australian Arid Regions Flora Reserve, with Pink appointed as honorary curator. Although Pink was not a professional horticulturalist or botanist, she established a garden that marked itself out from contemporary gardens, such as Maranoa Gardens and the Australian National Botanic Gardens, which were similarly committed to showcasing indigenous Australian plants. Pink's approach was pioneering in that she aimed to create a collection of plants selected by a delineated ‘climatic zone' and geographic area rather than drawn from all parts of the continent. This article argues that Pink developed a distinctive form of horticultural work informed by her passion for and close artistic observation of desert flora; her long experience establishing and maintaining gardens under central Australian ecological conditions; along with her anthropological insight into Indigenous knowledge of flora gained through her studies with Arrernte and Warlpiri people. Today we might recognize the principles that informed Pink's garden through the concepts of ‘water-wise gardens' and environmental sustainability practices.
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Mendoza-Fernández, Antonio, Francisco J. Pérez-García, Fabián Martínez-Hernández, José M. Medina-Cazorla, Juan A. Garrido-Becerra, María E. Merlo Calvente, José S. Guirado Romero, and Juan F. Mota. "Threatened plants of arid ecosystems in the Mediterranean Basin: a case study of the south-eastern Iberian Peninsula." Oryx 48, no. 4 (April 29, 2014): 548–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605313000495.
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AbstractNetworks of protected areas are one of the main strategies used to address the biodiversity crisis. These should encompass as many species and ecosystems as possible, particularly in territories with high biological diversity, such as the Spanish arid zones. We produce a priority ranking of the arid zones of south-east Spain according to the rarity and richness of their characteristic flora and the level of endangerment. The resulting hierarchy shows that optimal zones for the preservation of the flora are located outside the network of protected areas. In particular, it is important to extend the network and encourage the creation of microreserves in the depression of the River Guadiana Menor (Granada), where there is least protection. This river valley is a particularly important arid site because of its unique flora and fauna, and palaeontological and archaeological findings.
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Gomes, P., and M. Alves. "FLORISTIC AND VEGETATIONAL ASPECTS OF AN INSELBERG IN THE SEMI-ARID REGION OF NORTHEAST BRAZIL." Edinburgh Journal of Botany 66, no. 2 (July 2009): 329–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960428609005241.
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Inselbergs are rocky environments that support a unique flora distinct from that of the surrounding area. The objectives of this work were to conduct a floristic inventory of an inselberg in the semi-arid region of Northeast Brazil, and to investigate the relationship between its flora and the flora of the surrounding area. The following questions were addressed: is the species richness comparable to other inselbergs in northeastern Brazil; is the floristic composition of the inselberg more similar to other inselbergs or to the surrounding Caatinga vegetation; and do the similarities in the floristic composition of inselbergs depend on the distance between them? This work documents 201 species in 62 families. Cyperaceae (28 spp.), Euphorbiaceae (19), Poaceae (15), Orchidaceae (11) and Bromeliaceae (9) are the most species-rich families. On the inselberg the plants are distributed in islands found on exposed rock, in fissures and in depressions in the rock. Variations in species richness in the region were assessed by comparison of floristic inventories conducted in other inselbergs of the semi-arid region with those of this study. The flora of the inselberg under investigation is more similar to the flora of other nearby inselbergs than to the vegetation of the surrounding semi-arid region.
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Adel Dhief, Samira Aschi-Smiti, and Mohamed Neffati. "Floristic diversity and plant composition of the arid and Saharan zones of southern Tunisia." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 18, no. 3 (March 30, 2022): 250–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2022.18.3.0081.
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Spontaneous plants in arid and desert areas of Tunisia are now experiencing a resurgence of interest not only because of the possibilities of their use for multiple economic and ecological purposes, but also because of their great capacity for potential climate change adaptation. Often considered underused and neglected species, plants in arid and desert areas are of considerable importance. The purpose of this work is to provide knowledge relating to flora and Tunisian vegetation in arid zones. They are structured around various aspects relating to the characterization of this natural and biological wealth and its impact on the quality of the environment. In this work, we studied the flora of the different regions visited (Tataouine, Medenine, Tozeur, Gabes and Kebeli) in southern Tunisia and we surveyed the botanical composition and species diversity in the governorate of Tataouine region during the spring season of 2018. The flora contained about 279 species belonging to 58 families, with 54% annuals and 46% perennials.
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F., Alekbarov,. "Botanical-Geographical Characteristic of Lichens and Mosses of Korchay State Nature Reserve." Bulletin of Science and Practice, no. 1 (January 15, 2023): 76–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/86/09.
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The geographical analysis shows that the mosses flora of the Korchay State Nature Reserve was not genetically homogeneous but was composed of various geographical elements included in different botanical-geographic regions. The mosses flora as a whole is boreal — 39.5%, arid — 23.7%. Euryholarctic — 15.8% and mountain species — 10.5% play a certain role in the flora. The flora of lichenes has a nemoral-continental character as a whole. Boreal — 14.0%, euryholarctic — 10.7% and hypoarctomontane — 10.7% species also play a significant role in the flora.
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Fikrət qızı Rüstəmova, Reyhan. "Differentification features of modern arid landscapes of Middle Araz plain." NATURE AND SCIENCE 07, no. 02 (April 23, 2021): 64–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2707-1146/07/64-67.
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The article d4remonstrated Sadarak, Sharur, Boyukduz, Nakhchivan, Julfa, Yayji, Kangarli, Deste, Ordubad, etc., located in the territory of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic along the left bank of the Araz River and covering a large area. The features of modern arid-denudation landscape forms formed in such plains as. In the presented scientific work the altered relief, location features of flora and fauna, exposed to anthropogenic influences in the Arazboyu plains of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, as well as the factors that create modern arid landscapes in the area. Key words: Plains of Arazboyu, landscape, anthropogenesis, arid-denudation, differentiation
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Silcock, J. L., R. J. Fensham, and T. G. Martin. "Assessing rarity and threat in an arid-zone flora." Australian Journal of Botany 59, no. 4 (2011): 336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt10318.
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An understanding of rarity and how it relates to extinction risk is a central concern of conservation biology. Classic conceptions of rarity revolve around spatial rarity, based on distribution and abundance, rather than temporal rarity, where species may be common following certain conditions but rare for most of the time. This form of rarity is likely to be especially prevalent in highly variable arid systems. Rarity in the arid zone is also characterised by poorly understood threats, such as grazing, and may also reflect low collection effort given the vast and inaccessible areas involved. This study explores rarity and threat in the arid zone, based on the flora of a large region of western Queensland. The status of all species known to occur in the study area was systematically assessed, and the current list of threatened species was examined for bias in forms of rarity, life forms and habitats. Five threat syndromes were identified, arising from the interaction of plant biology and threatening processes. Over 60 potentially threatened species have been overlooked in the listing process. The list is dominated by narrow endemics from residual and spring habitats and the species from springs at least are genuinely threatened. Widespread but sparsely occurring species are under-represented in the current list, as are grasses. With the exception of spring-dependent species, plant conservation in western Queensland is currently constrained by lack of basic data on distribution, abundance, population dynamics and realistic threat syndromes for nearly all species. Separating the influence of genuine rarity, temporal rarity and low collection effort, as well as a more detailed understanding of threatening processes are needed to address plant conservation in the arid zone.
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Clifford, H. T. "Evolution of the flora and fauna of Arid Australia." Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 52, no. 1-2 (November 1985): 169–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(85)90041-0.
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Singh, H. P., and Samir Sarkar. "Vegetational dynamics of Tertiary Himalaya." Journal of Palaeosciences 38 (December 31, 1989): 333–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.54991/jop.1989.1668.
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Selected palaeobotanical and palynological records published from the Tertiary Period of Himalaya have been examined and a generalized vegetational frame work has been reconstructed. The diverse Palaeogene floras of Himalaya are marked by moist deciduous and wet semi-evergreen forest types growing mostly under tropical climate in varying type of environments. The tropical families register a decline in the Early Miocene time. The Middle Miocene Himalayan orogeny coincides with proliferation of Abietineae and by the appearance of several subtropical floral elements. Development and diversity of forest types are controlled by the altitudinal belts. The Pliocene floral diversification is related to climatic changes and increased continentality. The wet tropical forests disappeared from the low altitudes, whereas wet subtropical and temperate forests were transformed into dry or moist vegetational types. The appearance of semi-arid and cold conditions forced several moisture-loving plants, either to migrate or perish. The modern composition of the Himalayan flora reveals that it is a partial continuum of Neogene floras which have been progressively enriched by the appearance of several immigrant elements and also by the changes brought in due to evolutionary processes.
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Urbanavichus, G. P. "The lichen coefficient and its meaning in regional lichen flora studies." Novosti sistematiki nizshikh rastenii 43 (2009): 246–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/nsnr/2009.43.246.
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The particularities of the lichen coefficient LC (the ratio of lichens to vascular plants, or L : P-ratio) in different geographical regions of the Earth and different areas of Russia are determined on the basis of analysis of numerous quantitative estimations of lichen and vascular plant diversity. High values of LC in Arctic regions are caused by adverse conditions for growth of the vascular plants, while low LC values in plain regions with arid climate are caused by adverse influence of bioclimatic conditions on development of lichen flora. The mountains in temperate latitudes (especially near oceans) and tropics are optimal for forming rich and diverse lichen floras. Data on LC in different nature zones can be used for estimation of lichen species diversity, and to indicate some gaps in researches of regional lichen floras.
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Kumar, Amit, Monideepa Mitra, Bhupendra S. Adhikari, and Gopal S. Rawat. "Flora of Niti Valley: a cold arid region of Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve, Western Himalaya, India." Check List 12, no. 1 (January 6, 2016): 1824. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/12.1.1824.
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Located in the extended buffer zone of Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve in Western Himalaya, Niti valley represents a cold arid region. The reserve has been extensively surveyed in terms of floral diversity by various workers, albeit highly confined to the core zones. The current survey recorded 495 species belonging to 267 genera and 73 families of vascular plants through systematic collection in the years 2011, 2012 and 2014. Of the recorded species, 383 were dicots, 93 monocots, 9 pteridophytes and 10 gymnosperms. Asteraceae was most diverse family (32 genera with 58 species), followed by Poaceae (22 genera with 41 species), Lamiaceae (15 genera with 19 species) Fabaceae (14 genera with 22 species), Brassicaceae (12 genera with 12 species) and Rosaceae (11 genera with 36 species). The present survey also updates the existing flora of Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve (801 species) with addition of 167 species. This study reveals that the Niti valley forms a transition zone, as the floral elements have affinity with Trans as well as Greater Himalaya.
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Bellstedt, Dirk U., Chloé Galley, Michael D. Pirie, and H. Peter Linder. "The Migration of the Palaeotropical Arid Flora: Zygophylloideae as an Example." Systematic Botany 37, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 951–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1600/036364412x656608.
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Byrne, Margaret, and Daniel J. Murphy. "The origins and evolutionary history of xerophytic vegetation in Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 68, no. 3 (2020): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt20022.
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The xeromorphic vegetation is a significant component of the Australian flora and phylogenetic and phylogeographic analysis of xeromorphic plants provides a basis for understanding the origins and evolutionary history of the Australian vegetation. Here we expand on previous reviews of the origins and maintenance of the Australian flora with an emphasis on the xeromorphic component. Phylogenetic evidence supports fossil evidence for evolution of sclerophyll and xeromorphic vegetation from the Eocene with lineages becoming more common in the Oligocene and Miocene, a time of major change in climate and vegetation in Australia. Phylogenetic evidence supports the mesic biome as ancestral to the arid zone biome in Australia in phylogenies of key groups. The diversification and radiation of Australian species shows single origins of xeromorphic group mainly at deeper levels in phylogenies as well as multiple origins of arid occurring species at shallower levels. Divergence across the Nullarbor is also evident and speciation rates in south-western Australia were higher than in the south-east in several plant families. Estimates of timing of diversification generally show either constant rates of diversification or increased diversification from the mid to late Miocene. Phylogeographic studies consistently demonstrate high localised genetic diversity and geographic structure in xeromorphic species occupying both mesic and arid biomes.
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Nazarenko, Nazar Nikolayevich, and Maria Dmitrievna Novgorodova. "Ecological and coenotical structure of the Regional Natural Monument «Chelyabinsk city pine forest» vegetation." Samara Journal of Science 8, no. 2 (April 1, 2019): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201982107.
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The following paper deals with the ecological and coenotical structure of the Regional Natural Monument Chelyabinsk city pine forest vegetation. The estimation was done by a cluster analysis with Sorensen-Chekanovsky (Bray-Curtis) distance measure and a flexible beta group linkage method - by non-metric multidimensional scaling, phytoindication and general discriminant analysis algorithms. The flora and coenotical structure of Chelyabinsk city pine forest plant communities are characterized by significant anthropogenic transformation. Forest-margin and meadow, ruderal and synanthropic species are insinuating and naturalizing in pine forest communities actively and supplanting typical pine forest species off communities. The studied pine forest flora synanthropic index is 32 percent. 15 plant associations were detected; its flora, dominant and constant species, coenotical structure and biotopes were characterized by principal ecological factors. The biotopes series of ecological factors replacement were identified. Biotopes series are specified by forest stand ecological structure, that determining ecological regime changes from semi-light to semi-shade and from more arid to more damp. Also biotopes form series from wet more variable moistening bad-aerated not-acid and salt enriched soils to acid aerated poor soils with contrast arid moistening. The detected Chelyabinsk city pine forest biotopes are characterized by not so fluctuation of principal ecological factors.
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Zhang, Tingting, Xin Zhang, Qiuxia Yang, and Xinli Wei. "Hidden Species Diversity was Explored in Two Genera of Catapyrenioid Lichens (Verrucariaceae, Ascomycota) from the Deserts of China." Journal of Fungi 8, no. 7 (July 13, 2022): 729. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8070729.
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Verrucariaceae is the third-largest lichen family with high species diversity. However, this diversity has not been well-explored in China. We carried out a wide-scale field investigation in the arid and semi-arid regions of Northwest China from 2017 to 2021. A large number of lichen groups, especially those commonly distributed in deserts, were collected. Based on molecular phylogeny using ITS and nuLSU sequences by Bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses, combining morphological characters, seven taxa of catapyrenioid lichens in Verricariaceae were found in this study, including one genus (Clavascidium) and one species (Clavascidium lacinulatum) new to China; one genus (Placidium) new to the mainland of China; and four species (Clavascidium sinense, Placidium nitidulum, Placidium nigrum, and Placidium varium) new to science. It enriched our understanding of the high species diversity in Verrucariaceae and the lichen flora of Chinese arid and semi-arid deserts.
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Xavier, Sergio Romero da Silva, Iva Carneiro Leão Barros, and Augusto César Pessôa Santiago. "Ferns and lycophytes in Brazil's semi-arid region." Rodriguésia 63, no. 2 (June 2012): 483–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2175-78602012000200021.
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Little knowledge has been gathered on ferns and lycophytes occurring in the semi-arid region of Brazil known as the Caatinga, perhaps due to the widespread idea that a semi-arid climate would be incompatible with environmental demands of ferns and lycophytes (high humidity and shade). Ferns and lycophytes are represented in the semi-arid region of Brazil by at least 41 species, 20 genera and 11 families, distributed in the northeastern states (except Maranhão) and Minas Gerais. In this region, most of the species were recorded in moist, shaded microhabitats: cracks in rocks, ravines in shaded areas, springs, temporary lakes or areas with temporarily flooded soil. Although the majority of species recorded are widely distributed throughout Brazil, the high representation of aquatic species and low representation of epiphytes demonstrate the unique identity of the fern and lycophyte flora of the semi-arid region.
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ROGERS, R. W. "Soil surface lichens on a 1500 kilometre climatic gradient in subtropical eastern Australia." Lichenologist 38, no. 6 (October 19, 2006): 565–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0024282906006098.
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Soil lichens are taxonomically diverse in subtropical eastern Australia. A total of 61 species in 25 genera is reported from a transect 1500 km long, running from the humid sub-tropical coast to the arid interior of the continent. The distribution of the lichen species and genera is associated with climatic pattern and with the growth form of the species. The total number of species found in bands of one degree of longitude along the transect decreases from the wet coastal region to the arid interior. Fruticose and foliose species dominated the flora in wetter regions and squamulose species in the dry interior.
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Frey, Wolfgang. "Bryophyte flora and vegetation of South-West Asia." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section B. Biological Sciences 89 (1986): 217–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269727000009040.
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Synopsis176 liverwort species and 649 moss species are known from SW Asia; the total number of species in the different countries is indicated. Families of outstanding bryo-geographical interest or with endemic taxa are the Aytoniaceac, Frullaniaceae, Ricciaceae, Southbyaceae, Targioniaceae, Wiesnerellaceae, Grimmiaceae, Bryaceae, Fabroniaceae, Funariaceae, Orthotrichaceae, Pottiaceae and Splachnobryaceae.The “Northern”, Euxine-Hyrcanian, Afromontane and Circum-Tethyan elements and their characteristic taxa are discussed. Emphasis is given to the Circum-Tethyan element and its characteristic species; also to endemic taxa especially in the genera Tortula, Crossidium and Targionia. As in the phanerogams, the bryoflora of the arid parts of SW Asia includes a considerable percentage of endemic species. The published information on the bryophytic vegetation of SW Asia is summarised.
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Santos, Artai A., André Nel, Iván Rodríguez-Barreiro, Luis M. Sender, Torsten Wappler, and José B. Diez. "Insect and Plant Diversity in Hot-Spring Ecosystems during the Jurassic-Cretaceous Boundary from Spain (Aguilar Fm., Palencia)." Biology 11, no. 2 (February 9, 2022): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11020273.
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Hydrothermal palaeoenvironments are very uncommon in Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous deposits worldwide. We present new plant and insect remains from travertines formed during the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary in northern Spain (Aguilar Fm., Palencia province). A total of 136 plant specimens and three insect wings were collected and studied. This entomofauna consists of dragonfly (Odonata) wings including Cymatophlebiidae and an undetermined new genus and species of Aktassiidae, representing the first report of these families for the Iberian Peninsula. The fossil flora shows different morphotypes of plants, which have been tentatively assigned to three different genera. The taphocoenosis of the flora was dominated by Bennettitales (98.5%) including cf. Pterophyllum sp., Ptilophyllum cf. acutifolium, Ptilophyllum cf. pecten, Ptilophyllum cf. pectiniformis and cf. Ptilophyllum sp., and the occasional presence of ferns (1.5%) represented by the taxon Cladophlebis cf. denticulata. The presence of the Anisoptera Cymatophlebia cf. longialata suggests a higher affinity for a Tithonian age of the studied site, and the anatomy and palaeogeographical distribution of this species suggest capacity to migrate for rather long distances. The floristic composition of the site differs remarkably from other Tithonian-Berriasian floras of the Iberian Peninsula. The presence of Odonata and the distinctive flora in (semi)arid conditions could be due to the hot-spring providing an environmental niche with constant conditions of warmth and humidity forming an ‘ecological oasis’.
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Imanbayeva, Akzhunis, and Ivan Belozerov. "Prospects for the development of electronic databases of the Mangyshlak experimental botanical garden." BIO Web of Conferences 38 (2021): 00045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213800045.
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The paper describes four computer programs (BD-PLANT-KZ, DInCeR, PLANT-EST-KZ and Feno-S) designed at the MEBS in relation to the arid conditions of Mangystau for cadastral registration of plants of natural flora (ex-situ); registration and determination of the introduction value of collection plants (ex-situ); diagnosis of aesthetics of green spaces, registration and statistical processing of phenological observations.
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Sokolova, Viktoriya. "Plants from Red Book of Russia in the collection of Caucasus Flora of the Main Botanical Garden RAS." АгроЭкоИнфо 4, no. 52 (August 31, 2022): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.51419/202124428.
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For 77 years, 77 species included in the Red Book of Russia, that is, almost 15% of all species included in it, have been introduced at the exposition of the flora of the Caucasus of the Main Botanical Garden RAS. According to the results of the test, rare species were identified, the most promising for preservation in culture in the agro-climatic conditions of Moscow. The promising species are those confined to mountain forests, subalpine tall grass and intrazonal and riverine meadows of the Caucasus. Some of them are able to naturalize in the conditions of the Central part of Russia. Only if special agricultural techniques are observed, the species of alpine meadows and carpets, subalpine meadows, high-altitude rocks and scree, meadow-steppes, steppes and subtropical Colchian and Talysh forests are stable in Moscow. Rare species of arid habitats (upland xerophytes, arid woodlands) and thermophilic coastal plants are not promising for ex situ conservation. The majority of the studied species of the Orchidaceae family belong to the category of unstable, which is due to the difficulty of their cultivation. Keywords: RED BOOK OF RUSSIA, RARE PLANT SPECIES, BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION, CAUCASUS FLORA, MAIN BOTANICAL GARDEN, MOSCOW
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Sokolova, Viktoriya. "Plants from Red Book of Russia in the collection of Caucasus Flora of the Main Botanical Garden RAS." АгроЭкоИнфо 4, no. 52 (August 31, 2022): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.51419/202124428.
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For 77 years, 77 species included in the Red Book of Russia, that is, almost 15% of all species included in it, have been introduced at the exposition of the flora of the Caucasus of the Main Botanical Garden RAS. According to the results of the test, rare species were identified, the most promising for preservation in culture in the agro-climatic conditions of Moscow. The promising species are those confined to mountain forests, subalpine tall grass and intrazonal and riverine meadows of the Caucasus. Some of them are able to naturalize in the conditions of the Central part of Russia. Only if special agricultural techniques are observed, the species of alpine meadows and carpets, subalpine meadows, high-altitude rocks and scree, meadow-steppes, steppes and subtropical Colchian and Talysh forests are stable in Moscow. Rare species of arid habitats (upland xerophytes, arid woodlands) and thermophilic coastal plants are not promising for ex situ conservation. The majority of the studied species of the Orchidaceae family belong to the category of unstable, which is due to the difficulty of their cultivation. Keywords: RED BOOK OF RUSSIA, RARE PLANT SPECIES, BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION, CAUCASUS FLORA, MAIN BOTANICAL GARDEN, MOSCOW
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Mendes, Maura Rejane de Araújo, and Antonio Alberto Jorge Farias Castro. "Vascular flora of semi-arid region, São José do Piauí, state of Piauí, Brazil." Check List 6, no. 1 (February 1, 2009): 039. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/6.1.039.
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The Caatinga biome is located in the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil and covers about 37 % of Piauí state. The main objective of the present study was a characterization of the Caatinga flora of the farm of Morro do Baixio, in state of Piauí, Brazil (06°51’13” S; 41°28’15” W, at 400 to 540 m above sea level) in view of the fact that very few such surveys were conducted in the state. The flora of the farm was surveyed monthly, during a year, to gather herbs, epiphytes, parasites, sub shrubs, shrubs and trees. We encountered 136 species belonging to 46 families, including a new species of Bauhinia. The richest families were Caesalpiniaceae (15 spp.), Fabaceae (11 spp.), Bignoniaceae and Mimosaceae (both with nine spp.). We observed a higher frequency of typical species from sedimentary Caatinga. However, local conditions favor the appearance of species that occur in Carrasco and Cerrado.
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Samatova, Sh A. "Arealogical structure of flower-ornamental plants of the cultural flora of the Karshi oasis." Проблемы ботаники Южной Сибири и Монголии 21, no. 2 (November 17, 2022): 180–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/pbssm.2022079.
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The article presents the results of botanical and geographical analysis of the cultivated flora of the Karshi oasis. It was revealed that the assortment of flower and ornamental plants of the cultivated flora of the Karshi oasis consists of 41 species. The largest number of species comes from the Caribbean (24.3 %), Mediterranean (19.5 %), Brazilian (14.6 %) and Atlantic-North American (14.6 %) floristic regions. It has been established that xerophilic representatives of the arid regions of North America and the Mediterranean region are promising for the Karshi oasis. For a successful culture of representatives of Caribbean and Brazilian origin, it is recommended to use a seedling method of growing and plant them in open ground as early as possible.
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Cross, Adam T., and Hans Lambers. "Calcicole–calcifuge plant strategies limit restoration potential in a regional semi‐arid flora." Ecology and Evolution 11, no. 11 (May 2021): 6941–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.7544.
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Zedam, Abdelghani, Djamel Khoudour, Azzeddine Haddad, and Fateh Mimeche. "Weed flora analysis in El-Maadher agrosystem (Boussaada Oasis - Algeria)." Revista Agraria Academica 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 135–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.32406/v4n12021/135-151/agrariacad.
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The weed inventory in an arid land takes place to know and further control these plants. The study aims are to determine taxonomy, life form, chorology and to appreciate the weed harmfulness. A non-probabilistic sampling was conducted on five crops. We identified 41 species especially therophytes and mostly belong to the Mediterranean biogeographic element. The floristic richness by crop lets an average of 17 species and 24 for the richest. To assess the noxiousness, the partial indication of noxious obtains 21 potentially harmful weeds according to the frequencies. The numerical analysis of the data identified five groups. The weed noxiousness estimated by the abundance, frequency, and recovery, remains simple and efficient.
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Simpson, B. S., V. Bulone, S. J. Semple, G. W. Booker, R. A. McKinnon, and P. Weinstein. "Arid awakening: new opportunities for Australian plant natural product research." Rangeland Journal 38, no. 5 (2016): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj16004.
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The importance of plants and other natural reserves as sources for biologically important compounds, particularly for application in food and medicine, is undeniable. Herein we provide a historical context of the major scientific research programs conducted in Australia that have been aimed at discovering novel bioactive natural products from terrestrial plants. Generally speaking, the main approaches used to guide the discovery of novel bioactive compounds from natural resources have included random, ethnobotanical and chemotaxonomic strategies. Previous Australian plant natural product research campaigns appear to have lacked the use of a fourth strategy with equally high potential, namely the ecologically guided approach. In addition, many large studies have sampled plant material predominantly from tropical regions of Australia, even though arid and semi-arid zones make up 70% of mainland Australia. Therefore, plants growing in arid zone environments, which are exposed to different external stressors (e.g. low rainfall, high ultraviolet exposure) compared with tropical flora, remain an untapped reservoir of potentially novel bioactive compounds. Research of Australian arid zone plants that is ecologically guided creates a new opportunity for the discovery of novel bioactive compounds from plants (and potentially other biota) for application in health care, food and agricultural industries.
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Magallón-Puebla, Susana, and Sergio R. S. Cevallos-Ferriz. "Fossil legume fruits from tertiary strata of Puebla, Mexico." Canadian Journal of Botany 72, no. 7 (July 1, 1994): 1027–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b94-129.
Full textAbstract:
A small assemblage of fossil legume fruits, leaf fragments, and leaflets has been recovered from the Tertiary (Oligocene) "Los Ahuehuetes" flora near the town of Tepexi de Rodríguez, Puebla, in south-central Mexico. Five legume fruits are described and compared with fruits of extant genera. Four fruit types were identified as belonging to the modern genera Prosopis (Mimoseae; Mimosoideae), Mimosa (Mimoseae; Mimosoideae), Lysiloma (Ingeae; Mimosoideae), and Sophora (Sophoreae; Papilionoideae). Another fruit exhibits a combination of characters unknown among extant legumes, and although superficially similar to some species of Papilionoideae, it represents an extinct genus. The four identified genera are diverse in the extant vegetation of Mexico; in fact, Mexico represents an important area of distribution for them. The presence of Prosopis, Mimosa, Lysiloma, and Sophora in the fossil flora of Puebla documents the occurrence of these genera in this part of their present area of distribution by the Oligocene. The climatic affinities of modern species of Mimosa, Lysiloma, and Sophora are so varied as to preclude any useful paleoclimatic inference. Prosopis is regularly associated with arid environments; however, the genus has been reported from fossil localities where humid conditions prevailed. This observation, together with the assemblage of plants that co-occur in the Los Ahuehuetes flora, suggests that plant communities of the past may have been composed, at least partly, of elements that today are associated with different habitats and environmental conditions. The fossil legume fruits from Los Ahuehuetes flora add to the previously known diversity of Leguminosae by the Tertiary, confirm tropical America as one of the important areas of radiation and diversification for Leguminosae, and contribute to the knowledge of Tertiary floras of southern North America. Key words: Leguminosae, Tertiary, Mexico, paleobotany, fossil legume.
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Wittig, Rüdiger. "Shared species of the spontaneous flora of a West African (Burkina Faso) and a Central European country (Germany)." Flora et Vegetatio Sudano-Sambesica 18 (December 1, 2015): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/fvss.18.30.
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In spite of enormous climatic differences between Burkina Faso and Germany, 20 species belong to the spontaneous flora of both countries, i.e. 1% of the flora of Burkina Faso and 0.15 % of the German flora. All of them are either ruderal and segetal species (16) or water and reed plants (4). All of the 16 ruderals/segetals are therophytes. From a recent point of view, most of the 20 species can be classified as cosmopolitan, because they cover three and more floristic zones, and/or at least three climatic zones, and/or are represented in at least three continents. Although Burkina Faso has a semi-arid climate, none of the species can be called a sclero- or xerophyte. Therefore, in Burkina Faso, all are more or less bound to habitats at least temporarily flooded or to humid soils. In Germany, however, the concerned ruderals, with one exception, are indicators of medium dry or dry habitats.
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Silcock, J. L., A. J. Healy, and R. J. Fensham. "Lost in time and space: re-assessment of conservation status in an arid-zone flora through targeted field survey." Australian Journal of Botany 62, no. 8 (2014): 674. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt14279.
Full textAbstract:
Lack of basic data to assess plant species against IUCN Red List criteria is a major impediment to assigning accurate conservation status throughout large areas of the world. Erroneous assessments will be most prevalent in vast poorly surveyed areas where herbarium collections are sparse. In arid environments, assessments are further confounded by extreme temporal variability and poor understanding of the nature and magnitude of threats. We systematically re-assess the conservation status of an arid-zone flora. The status of all 1781 vascular plant species occurring across 635 300 km2 of inland eastern Australia was initially assessed through herbarium records and expert interviews. This process generated a list of apparently rare and potentially threatened species, which guided a targeted survey program over 4 years. Search effort and key data on populations of candidate species found were recorded and used to assess 91 species against IUCN criteria. One-third of species were widespread and abundant at least in certain seasons, but had been deemed rare due to sparse collections. The conservation status of 20, mostly newly recognised species from restricted habitats, was upgraded and 14 remained listed because of having restricted areas of occupancy. With the exception of 12 artesian spring species, continuing declines were documented for just six species. The criterion that allows for listing of species because of extreme fluctuations (in combination with restricted and fragmented populations) needs to be carefully interpreted in arid zones, where these fluctuations may be apparent rather than real, and may actually confer resilience to grazing for some species. Our approach facilitates robust conservation assessments across vast and poorly known arid regions, distinguishing species that have merely been lost in space and time from those that are at risk of extinction.
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Veals, Amanda M., Alexandra D. Burnett, Marina Morandini, Marine Drouilly, and John L. Koprowski. "Caracal caracal (Carnivora: Felidae)." Mammalian Species 52, no. 993 (December 2, 2020): 71–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mspecies/seaa006.
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Abstract Caracal caracal (Schreber, 1776) is a felid commonly called the caracal. It is a slender, medium-sized cat (5.8–22 kg) characterized by a short tail and long ear tufts. C. caracal has a wide distribution and is found throughout Africa, north to the Arabian Peninsula, the Middle East, central and southwest Asia into India; its habitat includes arid woodlands, savanna, scrublands, hilly steppes, and arid mountainous regions. It is globally listed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources as “Least Concern” despite population trends unknown across most of its geographic distribution. The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora lists Asian populations under Appendix I and African populations under Appendix II.
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Oberlander, Kenneth Carl, Francois Roets, and Leanne Laurette Dreyer. "Discovery of substantial Oxalis (Oxalidaceae) diversity and endemism in an arid biodiversity hotspot." Phytotaxa 181, no. 2 (October 1, 2014): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.181.2.2.
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Despite globally acknowledged diversity levels, the flora of the arid Richtersveld of South Africa remains poorly known for certain plant lineages, including the eudicot genus Oxalis. Cryptic habit, inaccessible and harsh terrain and the lack of focussed systematic attention has led to the assumption that the region is depauperate in this genus. However, recent exploration proved quite the opposite and revealed a wealth of Oxalis species, including at least ten undescribed species and many significant range extensions of known taxa. We are in the process of describing these new species, but an overarching work, placing the abundant new knowledge in the context of southern African Oxalis, is necessary. In this study we revise the state of knowledge regarding Richtersveld Oxalis and provide brief descriptions, diagnostic characters and a morphological identification key for the 20 species confirmed to occur in the region. Nine of the ten new species are currently only known from the Richtersveld, with seven having extremely limited known distributions. Surprisingly, levels of endemism in the Richtersveld are higher than the relatively well-explored central Namaqualand Oxalis flora, and suggest that, far from being depauperate in Oxalis, the Richtersveld region should be considered a centre of endemism for the genus in southern Africa.
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Khafaga, Tamer, Greg Simkins, and David Gallacher. "Proximity to urban fringe recreational facilities increases native biodiversity in an arid rangeland." Rangeland Journal 40, no. 6 (2018): 555. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj17041.
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Urban developments affect neighbouring ecosystems in multiple ways, usually decreasing native biodiversity. Arabian arid rangeland was studied to identify the primary causes of biodiversity variation. Al Marmoum is a 990km2 area on the urban edge of Dubai, designated for ecological ‘enhancement’ and outdoor recreational use. The area lacks historical biodiversity data, but is thought to be primarily influenced by Arabian camel (Camelus dromedarius Linnaeus, 1758) herbivory. Perennial floral and faunal diversity was assessed at 54 sites. Counts of reintroduced ungulates (Arabian oryx Oryx leucoryx (Pallas, 1777), Arabian gazelle Gazella gazella cora (C.H. Smith, 1827) and sand gazelle G.subgutturosa marica (Thomas, 1897)) were made at 79 separate sites. Correlations of observed biodiversity with substrate type, anthropogenic structures, and ungulate distribution were assessed. Native biodiversity was substantially higher in north-north-west locations near recreational facilities, with the most likely cause being differential browsing pressure. Camel browsing faced greater communal regulation in the north-north-west, whereas oryx and gazelles congregated at feed points in the south-south-east that were farther from human activity. Arid rangeland in this socioecological landscape exhibits greater natural biodiversity at the urban fringe. Human activity reduces ungulate density, enabling a greater diversity of perennial flora, which then attracts non-ungulate fauna. Anthropogenic features can therefore offer conservation value in landscapes where ungulate populations are artificially elevated.
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Smyth, A., M. Friedel, and C. O'Malley. "The influence of buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) on biodiversity in an arid Australian landscape." Rangeland Journal 31, no. 3 (2009): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj08026.
Full textAbstract:
Buffel grass [Cenchrus ciliaris L. syn. Pennisetum ciliare (L.) Link] is an exotic species that has been widely planted in Australian arid and semi-arid grazing lands, and has become an important resource for livestock. It establishes readily and has expanded into such a diversity of land types beyond grazing lands that it is also regarded as a serious environmental weed. Although there is an abundance of literature on the production benefits of buffel grass, there is relatively little about its influence on native flora and fauna in arid Australia, particularly when its cover levels are low. This study attempted to clarify the influence of buffel grass and environmental patterns on the occurrence of ground vegetation, birds, reptiles and ants in a gneissic hill habitat in central Australia where buffel grass has encroached. Despite poor conditions for growth, we were able to distinguish the influence of buffel grass from that of other variables like overstorey cover, soil pH, fire and transect orientation. Cover of buffel grass did not exceed ~20% but it still accounted for a small amount of the variation in the composition of ground vegetation and birds, and of the ‘ground-dwelling’ bird guild and the ‘hot climate specialist’ functional group of ants. There were insufficient reptiles for analysis. We conclude that, even when cover is low, buffel grass can have a detectable influence on some aspects of community dynamics. Given the evidence from published literature and from this study, we expect the influence of buffel grass on the diversity of native flora and fauna to increase, particularly if buffel grass expands into land types previously thought unsuited to its environmental needs.
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Villaseñor, José Luis, Patricia Dávila, and Fernando Chiang. "Fitogeografía del Valle de Tehuacán-Cuicatlán." Botanical Sciences, no. 50 (April 10, 2017): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.17129/botsci.1381.
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The Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Valley Floristic Povince covers an area of approximately 10,000 km- , with ca. 630 genera and 1,400 species of vascular plants (Davila, 1983). Its climate is predominantly semiarid and its endemic flora is notably rich. The generic flora is analyzed from the viewpoint of its geographic and climatic affinities, as well as its floristic relationships with other geographical regions. The tropical affinities, particularly the neotropical ones, of this generic flora , prevail over all others: the characteristically Mexican element being second in importance. The floristic relationships with other geographical regions are significant, pointing to a strong correspondence with most of them, especially with those with a xerophytic vegetation, showing also a stronger floristic resemblance to some South American regions than with western North America. All of this places the Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Valley in a strategic phytogeographic position, where the commingling of the typically tropical component with that which is characteristic of more northern arid zones can be best observed, which accounts for the great floristic richness found in such a small area.
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Scavo, Aurelio, Alessia Restuccia, Mario Bannò, and Giovanni Mauromicale. "Differentiated Weed-Suppressive Ability of Modern and Old Durum Wheat Cultivars after Long-Term Cultivation under Semi-Arid Climate." Plants 11, no. 23 (December 4, 2022): 3368. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11233368.
Full textAbstract:
Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum spp. durum) is one of the most important grain crops cultivated across the Mediterranean Basin, where a strong return to local landraces cultivation is occurring to meet the market demand for high-quality food and low-input cropping systems. A characterisation of the long-term effect (10 years) of durum wheat landraces and modern cultivars on the potential and real weed flora is still lacking. Hence, a multilocation trial over 10 farms in Central-Eastern Sicily was carried out to investigate the repeated cultivation of several old landraces (OLD) and modern cultivars (MOD) on the abundance and diversity of weed flora. Overall, OLD was associated with a 47% reduction of the soil seedbank size and to −64% of the aboveground weed biomass compared to MOD. In addition, diversity indices pointed out a high similarity between MOD and OLD farm groups for the soil seedbank, while a lower diversity was found in OLD for aboveground weed communities. From the principal component analysis emerged that the species compositions of MOD and OLD were quite separated for both soil seedbank and real flora, with the latter showing few specific associations with major weeds. These findings demonstrated the indirect effect of durum wheat landraces in sustainably reducing weed pressure without the adoption of chemical weed control.
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Miller, Georgia, Margaret Friedel, Paul Adam, and Vanessa Chewings. "Ecological impacts of buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris L.) invasion in central Australia - does field evidence support a fire-invasion feedback?" Rangeland Journal 32, no. 4 (2010): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj09076.
Full textAbstract:
Buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris L.) has invaded extensive areas of arid and semi-arid Australia following its introduction as a pasture species and for erosion control. It has been suggested that buffel grass has initiated a positive fire-invasion feedback in central Australia, disrupting existing fire regimes, encouraging further buffel grass invasion, and disadvantaging the native woody flora in particular, but this hypothesis has not been tested quantitatively. This study investigated recently burnt woodland areas near Alice Springs for evidence of a fire-invasion feedback, including the impact of changing fire behaviour (intensity) on the native woodland overstorey flora. Despite the limitations inherent in a short study of ecological processes in a highly heterogeneous environment, substantial field evidence was found to support the existence of a buffel grass-initiated fire-invasion feedback. Buffel grass invasion was significantly correlated with increased fuel loads. Increased fuel loads were significantly correlated with increased burn severity, although the direct relationship between the proportion of buffel grass and increased burn severity was marginally non-significant. High field variance resulted in inadequate power to test whether or not the relative abundance of buffel grass had increased in the post-fire community. Burn severity was significantly correlated with the mortality of woodland overstorey species, and with the proportion of fire survivors that were reduced to basal resprouts. Seedling density of canopy species was low. It appears likely that future recruitment of canopy species will be hindered by the dense post-fire reestablishment of buffel grass cover at some sites. The overstorey flora is thus likely to be adversely affected by increased severity of fire associated with buffel grass invasion. As a result, there may be major change in the structure and composition of some woodlands.
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Rasal, Vishal, Meenu Dhakad, and Dharmendra Khandal. "Ecological invasion of the giant African snail Lissachatina fulica (Bowdich, 1822) in a semi-arid forest of western India." Biodiversity Observations 12 (June 14, 2022): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15641/bo.876.
Full textAbstract:
The giant African snail Lissachatina fulica (Bowdich, 1822) (also known as Achatina fulica) is indigenous to the coastal region of con-tinental East Africa. It is one of the most invasive ecological pests in the world and threatens native flora, agriculture, human and animal health outside its natural range. While dry and semi-arid climatic re-gions are supposed to be immune to its invasion, our data show that this is not always the case. Ranthambhore National Park is dry, de-ciduous forest located in semi-arid part of western India. We have observed the progressive invasion of L. fulica in this fragile land-scape since its first introduction in 2010. Subsequently, it has spread over a large area at an alarming rate. We discuss the observations on behaviour and the factors responsible for the rapid spread of L. fulica in the park.
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Poljakoff-Mayber, A., DE Symon, GP Jones, BP Naidu, and LG Paleg. "Nitrogenous Compatible Solutes in Native South Australian Plants." Functional Plant Biology 14, no. 3 (1987): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp9870341.
Full textAbstract:
Australian native flora was examined with nuclear magnetic resonance (n.m.r.) techniques for its content of nitrogenous compatible solutes. Plants were sampled from four habitats: two arid, one subhumid, and one saline estuarine marsh. Eight and two of the 15 plants in the subhumid area accumulated proline and glycinebetaine, respectively, whereas many of the plants in the two arid habitats accumulated these solutes. With only two exceptions plants in the saline marsh could be described as either proline accumulators (six species) or glycinebetaine accumulators (eight species). Attempts to correlate the glycinebetaine and proline contents with the relative water content (RWC) were not successful. Some plants accumulate compounds other than, or in addition to, proline or glycinebetaine, such as trans- 4-hydroxy-N-methyl-L-proline, which was accumulated in Melaleuca lanceolata. Exocarpos aphyllus accumulated an as yet unidentified compound.
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ELÍAS, GABRIELA DEL VALLE, and LONE AAGESEN. "Areas of vascular plants endemism in the Monte desert (Argentina)." Phytotaxa 266, no. 3 (June 24, 2016): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.266.3.1.
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In order to identify concordant distributions of endemic vascular plants in the Monte desert, we analyzed the distributional data of 180 species endemic to the Monte desert with the optimality criterion implemented in the program VNDM. We detected 13 partially overlapping areas of vascular plant endemism.The main areas of endemism are distributed from north to south associated with the mountainous region of the Precordillera of the Andes towards the west of the study region. These main areas correspond to environments with important variation in elevation and aridity, whereas minor areas correspond to patches of the steppe vegetation towards the east of the study region. We also obtained extensive areas covering much of the Monte desert, coincident with the two classical biogeographic units proposed. In agreement with the general arid climate of the Monte, most of the endemic flora inhabits arid and/or semiarid environments.
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Dörken, V. M., P. G. Ladd, and R. F. Parsons. "Anatomical aspects of xeromorphy in arid-adapted plants of Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 68, no. 3 (2020): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt19073.
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Plants from arid environments have some of the most diverse morphological and anatomical modifications of any terrestrial plants. Most perennials are classified as xerophytes, and have structures that limit water loss during dry weather, provide structural support to help prevent cell collapse during dry periods or store water in photosynthetic tissues. Some of these traits are also found in sclerophyllous plants and traits that may have developed due to evolution of taxa on nutrient poor soils may also benefit the plants under arid conditions. We examined the morpho-anatomical features of photosynthetic organs of three tree and four shrub species with reduced leaves or photosynthetic stems that occur in arid or semiarid sites in Australia to see if there were patterns of tissue formation particularly associated with xeromorphy. In addition, we reviewed information on succulent and resurrection species. In the tree species (Callitris spp.) with decurrent leaves clothing the stems, the close association between the water transport system and stomata, along with anisotropic physiology would allow the species to fix carbon under increasingly dry conditions in contrast to more broad-leaved species. The shrub species (Tetratheca species and Glischrocaryon flavescens) with photosynthetic stems had extensive sclerenchyma and very dense chlorenchyma. The lack of major anatomical differences between leafless species of Tetratheca from arid areas compared with more mesic sites indicates that quite extreme morphological modifications may not exclude species from growing successfully in competition with species from less arid areas. The sclerophyll flora now characteristic of Australian vegetation from seasonally arid climates may have evolved during mesic times in the past but with relatively minor modifications was able to adjust to the gradually drying climate of much of Australia up to the present time.
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Alqarni, Abdulaziz S., Javaid Iqbal, Hael S. Raweh, Awad M. A. Hassan, and Ayman A. Owayss. "Beekeeping in the Desert: Foraging Activities of Honey Bee during Major Honeyflow in a Hot-Arid Ecosystem." Applied Sciences 11, no. 20 (October 19, 2021): 9756. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11209756.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigated the outgoing and pollen-gathering foraging activities of Apis mellifera jemenitica (AMJ) and Apis mellifera carnica (AMC) under a hot-arid environment in the presence of nectar-rich melliferous Ziziphus nummularia flora. The data revealed the differential effects of weather conditions and Z. nummularia flora on the foraging activities of the studied honey bee subspecies in the Rawdat-Khuraim oasis in central Saudi Arabia. Z. nummularia exhibited two flowering seasons, from June–July (season I) and August–October (season II), with a significantly higher mean flowering density observed during season II (404 flowers/m2) than during season I (235 flowers/m2). AMJ showed significantly higher foraging activities (outgoing and pollen-gathering) than AMC (exotic bees) during all months in each flowering season. The mean outgoing and pollen-gathering foraging rates of AMJ (32.40 ± 0.67 and 4.88 ± 0.40 workers/colony/min, respectively) were significantly higher than those of AMC (15.93 ± 1.20 and 2.39 ± 0.23 workers/colony/min, respectively). The outgoing and pollen-gathering foraging activities of the two subspecies fluctuated throughout the different times of day. Foraging activities were considerably high at sunrise (SR) and low at noon (N) during both flowering seasons. We also observed seasonal variations in the foraging activities of both bee subspecies. The mean foraging activities (outgoing and pollen-gathering) were slightly higher in season I (27.43 ± 1.21 and 4.46 ± 0.45 workers/colony/min, respectively) than in season II (21.71 ± 0.86 and 3.02 ± 0.22 workers/colony/min, respectively). The thermal window analysis revealed a significant difference between the flight activities (bees exiting and returning to the nest throughout the day) of AMJ and AMC; AMJ had a higher temperature threshold than AMC. The outgoing and pollen-gathering foraging activities within each bee subspecies were positively correlated. The present study can help researchers understand the performances of honeybees and the association of their performances with weather and nectar-rich flora conditions.
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León, José Luis, and Enrique Troyo-Diéguez. "PRELIMINAR STUDIES ON `CIMARRON' WILD PLUM AS A NEW FRUIT CROP FOR ARID LANDS." HortScience 27, no. 6 (June 1992): 639e—639. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.639e.
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The high cost of inputs and water deficit in arid lands demand the use of more drought tolerant species into the agricultue. The flora of the deserts offer a variety of fruits and vegetables that may diversify horticulture. `Cimarrón' wild plum tree or “ciruelo cimarrón” (Cyrtocarpa edulis Brand.:Anacardiaceae) is one of the species with potential importance in arid lands. C. edulis is an endemic tree of the meridional portion of the Baja California peninsula, occurring along arroyos and on gentle slopes in sandy soils. The flesh of the fruits is edible, with a slight acid tang, and is used locally. Actual exploitation is based on the fruit harvest in natural dry forest and xerophilous shrubs, where average density is near 100 trees/Ha. There is a growing interest in marketing the dried fruits, especially for the snack industry, hence, the need to develop a breeding program in order to establish it as a reliable fruit crop.
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Luković, Milica, and Urban Šilc. "Management of continental saline ecosystems in the Republic of Serbia: Are these ecosystems suitable for nature-based tourism?" Menadzment u hotelijerstvu i turizmu 9, no. 2 (2021): 37–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/menhottur2102037l.
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Continental saline habitats represent unique, authentic and rare ecosystems. These ecosystems are typically distributed in arid and semi-arid regions; however, they are also found in inland areas in temperate climate zones. Usually, the general public is not familiar with this particular type of ecosystem. In order to present saline habitats to tourists, a broadly applied method of ecosystem suitability assessment (ESI-ecosystem suitability index) was used and adjusted to the purposes of this research. The research aims to estimate the nature-based tourism potentials of selected sites. Thus, six representative halophytic habitats distributed along the geographic gradient, from the Pannonian Plain to the south of Serbia, were chosen. In terms of each site, seven indicators (e.g., flora and vegetation, bird fauna, landscape, protection status, accessibility, and ecotourism facilities), important for nature-based tourism, were analyzed. The results show that the Pannonian saline habitats have greater opportunities for development of this type of tourism in almost all categories compared to southern sites.
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Miller, G. H., J. W. Magee, M. L. Fogel, and M. K. Gagan. "Detecting human impacts on the flora, fauna, and summer monsoon of Pleistocene Australia." Climate of the Past 3, no. 3 (August 6, 2007): 463–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-3-463-2007.
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Abstract. The moisture balance across northern and central Australia is dominated by changes in the strength of the Australian Summer Monsoon. Lake-level records that record changes in monsoon strength on orbital timescales are most consistent with a Northern Hemisphere insolation control on monsoon strength, a result consistent with recent modeling studies. A weak Holocene monsoon relative to monsoon strength 65–60 ka, despite stronger forcing, suggests a changed monsoon regime after 60 ka. Shortly after 60 ka humans colonized Australia and all of Australia's largest mammals became extinct. Between 60 and 40 ka Australian climate was similar to present and not changing rapidly. Consequently, attention has turned toward plausible human mechanisms for the extinction, with proponents for over-hunting, ecosystem change, and introduced disease. To differentiate between these options we utilize isotopic tracers of diet preserved in eggshells of two large, flightless birds to track the status of ecosystems before and after human colonization. More than 800 dated eggshells of the Australian emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae), an opportunistic, dominantly herbivorous feeder, provide a 140-kyr dietary reconstruction that reveals unprecedented reduction in the bird's food resources about 50 ka, coeval in three distant regions. These data suggest a tree/shrub savannah with occasionally rich grasslands was converted abruptly to the modern desert scrub. The diet of the heavier, extinct Genyornis newtoni, derived from >550 dated eggshells, was more restricted than in co-existing Dromaius, implying a more specialized feeding strategy. We suggest that generalist feeders, such as Dromaius, were able to adapt to a changed vegetation regime, whereas more specialized feeders, such as Genyornis, became extinct. We speculate that ecosystem collapse across arid and semi-arid zones was a consequence of systematic burning by early humans. We also suggest that altered climate feedbacks linked to changes in vegetation may have weakened the penetration of monsoon moisture into the continental interior, explaining the failure of the Holocene monsoon. Climate modeling suggests a vegetation shift may reduce monsoon rain in the interior by as much as 50%.
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Miller, G. H., J. W. Magee, M. L. Fogel, and M. K. Gagan. "Detecting human impacts on the flora, fauna, and summer monsoon of Pleistocene Australia." Climate of the Past Discussions 2, no. 4 (August 18, 2006): 535–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-2-535-2006.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. All of Australia's largest mammalian vertebrates became extinct 50 to 45 ka (thousand years ago), shortly after human colonization. Between 60 and 40 ka Australian climate was similar to present and not changing rapidly. Consequently, attention has turned toward plausible human mechanisms for the extinction, with proponents for over-hunting, ecosystem change, and introduced disease. To differentiate between these options we utilize isotopic tracers of diet preserved in eggshells of two large, flightless birds to track the status of ecosystems before and after human colonization. δ13C preserved in their eggshells monitor a bird's dietary intake in the weeks to months before egg-laying. More than 500 dated eggshells from central Australia of the Australian emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae), an opportunistic, dominantly herbivorous feeder, provide a continuous 140 kyr dietary δ 13C reconstruction. More than 350 dated eggshells from the same region of the heavier, extinct, giant bird Genyornis newtoni define its dietary intake from 140 ka until its extinction about 50 ka. Additional dietary records for both species were developed from two distant regions. Dromaius eggshell dietary δ13C reveals an unprecedented reduction in the bird's food resources about 50 ka, coeval in all three regions, suggesting conversion at that time of a tree/shrub savannah with occasionally rich grasslands to the modern desert scrub. We speculate that ecosystem collapse across the arid and semi-arid zones is a consequence of systematic burning by early humans. Genyornis diet everywhere is more restricted than in co-existing Dromaius, implying a more specialized feeding strategy. These data suggest that generalist feeders, such as Dromaius, were able to adapt to a changed vegetation regime, whereas more specialized feeders, such as Genyornis, became extinct. The altered vegetation may have also impacted Australian climate. Changes in the strength of climate feedbacks linked to vegetation and soil type (moisture recycling, surface roughness, albedo) may have weakened the penetration of monsoon moisture into the continental interior under the new ecosystem. Climate modeling suggests such a shift may have reduced monsoon rain in the interior by as much as 50%.
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Džigurski, Dejana, Branka Ljevnaić-Mašić, and Ljiljana Nikolić. "Weeds in Organic Bean Crops (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) (Fabaceae Lindl., Fabales)." Contemporary Agriculture 69, no. 3-4 (December 1, 2020): 110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/contagri-2020-0014.
Full textAbstract:
SummaryIn the organic bean crops (Phaseolus vulgaris) grown in open cultivation during the vegetation period of 2012, 14 weed species were found in the villages Ljutovo and Orom. The percentage of invasive species was 28.57%. Ambrosia artemisiifolia was characterized as highly invasive, Sorghum halepense as sporadically invasive, and Amaranthus retroflexus and Datura stramonium as potentially invasive species. Low diversity and low density of weed flora in organic bean crops are the factors causing a high percentage of invasive species in the floristic composition, so monitoring of these species is necessary. The weed flora dominated by therophytes (71.43%), the dominance of weed-ruderal plants (64.29%), and the presence of widespread taxa in the bean crops indicate strong anthropogenic influence and instability of the weed flora. The largest number of the weed species bloom from June to August (71.43%). According to the ecological analysis of the weed flora, the studied agroecosystems were characterized as moderately arid (F-2.36), neutral to weakly alkaline (R-3.07), eutrophic-mesotrophic (N-3.71), well-aerated (D-3.64), non-saline (S-, 78.57%) with medium humus content (H-2.86), favorable light (L-3.86) and temperature (T-4.14) regime, and with temperate continental climatic conditions (K-2.93). Correlation analysis showed that invasive weed species began to bloom later and favored well-aerated and warmer habitats compared to other weeds. PCA analysis singled out habitat aeration and salinity as the main factors separating weeds in organic bean crops.
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Abdoul-Salam, Koroney, Souley Issaka Mayaki, Naroua Illiassou, and Garba Hamani Farouk. "IMPACTS OFTHE DEGRADATION OF THE FOREST FORMATIONS OF THE GUESSELBODI FOREST ON THE RIPARIAN POPULATIONS." International Journal of Advanced Research 10, no. 12 (December 31, 2022): 231–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/15831.
Full textAbstract:
The Sahel, like most arid and semi-arid environments, is clearly a geographical area where the question of the degradation of natural resources is of concern. In this context, we have initiated a study on the socio-economic and cultural impact of the degradation of dry forest formations on the local population of Guesselbodi in Niger. The methodology mainly consisted of surveys using a participatory approach with the local population and forestry agents of the municipality of Kollo. This approach has made it possible (i) to identify the climatic risks that have a greater influence on the forest, (ii) to determine the socio-economic and cultural impacts of the effects of the degradation of dry forest formations on the local populations. The results of these investigations were able to reveal the various impacts that the local population faces such as the reduction of fauna and flora, land grabbing attempts, the dumping of incinerated toxic waste, etc. As for the adaptation strategies put in place, they are very unfortunately inadequate and contribute intensely to the degradation of the forest. The study also made it possible to make a comparison of both plant and animal species that existed in the past and today. Thus, it has been identified that 30 plant species out of the 61 initially present in the forest and 20 animal species out of the 40 initially present. This drastic decrease in the fauna and flora of the Guesselbodi forest is due not only to the destruction of their habitat but also to anthropogenic pressure.
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Santos-Filho, Francisco Soares, Eduardo Bezerra de Almeida Jr., Patrícia Barbosa Lima, and Caio Jefiter dos Reis Santos Soares. "Checklist of the flora of the restingas of Piauí state, Northeast Brazil." Check List 11, no. 2 (March 5, 2015): 1598. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/11.2.1598.
Full textAbstract:
Sandy coastal plain vegetation (Restinga) is composed of communities of plants that grow on Quaternary Neosols along the entire extension of the Brazilian coast. The state of Piauí has a coastal extension of 66 km and is entirely located in the semi-arid zone of Northeastern Brazil. This study catalogued the phanerogam species found along the coast of the state of Piauí, the data of which was compiled from surveys in online databases and literature, and herbarium collections. A total of 363 species distributed among 235 genera, and 74 families were identified. The families with the greatest number of species included Fabaceae (108 species), Euphorbiaceae (19), Amaranthaceae (13), Apocynaceae (12), Cyperaceae (12), Rubiaceae (12), Bignoniaceae (11), Malvaceae (11) and Poaceae (11) and represent over 57.6% of the species collected. Approximately 87% of the species were common to other restinga areas in Northeastern Brazil, and ca. 13% were restricted to the coast of the state of Piauí.
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Chandra, Shaila, and Anil Chandra. "Vegetational changes and their climatic implications in coal-bearing Gondwana." Journal of Palaeosciences 36 (December 31, 1987): 74–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.54991/jop.1987.1563.
Full textAbstract:
An attempt has been made to decipher the climatic changes during the Lower Gondwana times of India, particularly during the coal forming period. The synthesis has been done mainly on the available data of plant characteristics flora and vegetation. It is observed that the climate was essentially temperate during the Lower Gondwana. The climate was very cold during the sedimentation of Talchir rocks and it has gradually ameliorated in Kharharbari, Barakar, Kulti and Raniganj period with increase in humidity and rain fall, sudden fluctuations of dry and semi-arid conditions were experienced in the deposition of Kulti and Kamthi formations.