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Journal articles on the topic 'Arid environments'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 20 February 2023

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1

Day, John, Reed Goodman, Zhongyuan Chen, Rachael Hunter, Liviu Giosan, and Yanna Wang. "Deltas in Arid Environments." Water 13, no. 12 (June 17, 2021): 1677. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13121677.

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Due to increasing water use, diversion and salinization, along with subsidence and sea-level rise, deltas in arid regions are shrinking worldwide. Some of the most ecologically important arid deltas include the Colorado, Indus, Nile, and Tigris-Euphrates. The primary stressors vary globally, but these deltas are threatened by increased salinization, water storage and diversion, eutrophication, and wetland loss. In order to make these deltas sustainable over time, some water flow, including seasonal flooding, needs to be re-established. Positive impacts have been seen in the Colorado River delta after flows to the delta were increased. In addition to increasing freshwater flow, collaboration among stakeholders and active management are necessary. For the Nile River, cooperation among different nations in the Nile drainage basin is important. River flow into the Tigris-Euphrates River delta has been affected by politics and civil strife in the Middle East, but some flow has been re-allocated to the delta. Studies commissioned for the Indus River delta recommended re-establishment of some monthly water flow to maintain the river channel and to fight saltwater intrusion. However, accelerating climate impacts, socio-political conflicts, and growing populations suggest a dire future for arid deltas.

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2

Yang, Xiaoping, and Martin Williams. "Landforms and processes in arid and semi-arid environments." CATENA 134 (November 2015): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2015.02.011.

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3

Hadas, A. "Arid and semi-arid environments: Geomorphological and pedological aspects." Soil and Tillage Research 22, no. 1-2 (January 1992): 191–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-1987(92)90033-8.

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4

Goddard, Stephen, and Fatma Saif Al-Abri. "Integrated aquaculture in arid environments." Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences [JAMS] 23 (January 10, 2019): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jams.vol23iss0pp52-57.

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Around one third of the globe is classified as desert or arid (<200mm rain annually) and most such regions lack food security. Traditional freshwater aquaculture is often a marginal activity and competes with agriculture for limited water resources. Developing technologies offer new opportunities to increase productivity of aquaculture through integration with vegetable production in aquaponic systems and to reduce water requirements through the application of biofloc technology. Aquaponic systems combine aquaculture and hydroponic plant production and are integrated within a re-cycled water system. Fish waste metabolites provide the nutrients for plants grown in soil-less, hydroponic systems. Biofloc farming systems operate with minimum or zero water exchange. Suspended biofloc particles develop in fish tanks under conditions of full aeration and controlled carbon to nitrogen ratios. They comprise algae, bacteria, protozoa and particulate organic matter held in a loose matrix. They provide in-situ treatment of harmful fish metabolites, are protein rich, contain essential fatty acids, vitamins and minerals and supplement the diets of filter-feeding farmed species. The integration of fish culture with vegetable production provides new opportunities for small and medium enterprises. Integrated farms occupy a small footprint, optimise the use of resources and can be built close to population centres. This paper reviews current developments in aquaponics and biofloc technology against the background of food security needs in arid regions.

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5

Goddard, Stephen, and Fatma Saif Al-Abri. "Integrated aquaculture in arid environments." Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences [JAMS] 23, no. 1 (January 10, 2019): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jams.vol23iss1pp52-57.

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Around one third of the globe is classified as desert or arid (<200mm rain annually) and most such regions lack food security. Traditional freshwater aquaculture is often a marginal activity and competes with agriculture for limited water resources. Developing technologies offer new opportunities to increase productivity of aquaculture through integration with vegetable production in aquaponic systems and to reduce water requirements through the application of biofloc technology. Aquaponic systems combine aquaculture and hydroponic plant production and are integrated within a re-cycled water system. Fish waste metabolites provide the nutrients for plants grown in soil-less, hydroponic systems. Biofloc farming systems operate with minimum or zero water exchange. Suspended biofloc particles develop in fish tanks under conditions of full aeration and controlled carbon to nitrogen ratios. They comprise algae, bacteria, protozoa and particulate organic matter held in a loose matrix. They provide in-situ treatment of harmful fish metabolites, are protein rich, contain essential fatty acids, vitamins and minerals and supplement the diets of filter-feeding farmed species. The integration of fish culture with vegetable production provides new opportunities for small and medium enterprises. Integrated farms occupy a small footprint, optimise the use of resources and can be built close to population centres. This paper reviews current developments in aquaponics and biofloc technology against the background of food security needs in arid regions.

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6

Enciso, Juan, Jose C. Chavez, Girisha Ganjegunte, and Samuel D. Zapata. "Energy Sorghum Production under Arid and Semi-Arid Environments of Texas." Water 11, no. 7 (June 28, 2019): 1344. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11071344.

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Water availability and supply are critical factors in the production of bioenergy. Dry biomass productivity and water use efficiency (WUE) of two biomass sorghum cultivars (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) were studied in two different climatic locations during 2014 and 2015. The objective of this field study was to evaluate the dry biomass productivity and water use efficiency of two energy sorghum cultivars grown in two different climatic environments: one at Pecos located in the Chihuahuan Desert and a second one located at Weslaco in the Lower Rio Grande bordering Mexico and with a semiarid environment. There were significant differences between locations in dry biomass and WUE. Dry biomass productivity ranged from 22.4 to 31.9 Mg ha−1 in Weslaco, while in Pecos it ranged from 7.4 to 17.6 Mg ha−1. Even though it was possible to produce energy sorghum biomass in an arid environment with saline-sodic soils and saline irrigation, the energy sorghum dry biomass yield was reduced more than 50% in the arid environment compared to production in a semiarid environment with good soil and water quality, and it required approximately twice as much water. Harsh production conditions combined with low energy prices resulted in negative net returns for all treatments. However, a moderate increase in ethanol price could make the semiarid cropland of Texas an economically feasible feedstock production location.

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7

Meerow, Sara, Mukunth Natarajan, and David Krantz. "Green infrastructure performance in arid and semi-arid urban environments." Urban Water Journal 18, no. 4 (February 8, 2021): 275–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1573062x.2021.1877741.

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8

Gauvin-Bourdon, Phillipe, James King, and Liliana Perez. "Impacts of grazing on vegetation dynamics in a sediment transport complex model." Earth Surface Dynamics 9, no. 1 (February 2, 2021): 29–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-29-2021.

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Abstract. Arid environments are characterized by the complex interaction between vegetation cover, surface soil properties, and the climate. The dynamic balance between these components makes arid environments highly susceptible to swift changes in vegetation cover and surface morphology in response to climate change. Furthermore, arid environments often support grazing activities, which influence other ecogeomorphic processes and alter the stability of vegetation cover in these environments. Despite growing knowledge and the parallel modeling advances to simulate the sediment transport, vegetation distribution, and grazing, in arid environments, relatively little progress has been accomplished on the interaction between all these components. Here we present an adaptation of an already established sediment transport–vegetation cellular automata model (Vegetation and Sediment TrAnsport or ViSTA) that represents landscape dynamics with an agent-based model (GrAM) representing the activity of grazers on the landscape. In this study, our resulting model, ViSTA_GrAM, is subjected to a series of 100-year-long tests that aim to highlight the capacity of the model to represent ecogeomorphic processes linked to vegetation composition, rainfall, wind speed, and grazing pressure. While these simulations do not allow us to evaluate the performance of the new model to reproduce realistic semi-arid environments, they present the capacity of the model to reproduce and explain major feedback complexities between grazers and the vegetation, in addition to providing insight on the vegetation and wind shear sensitivity of the original model. The simulations reinforce our current knowledge of the resilience of grass-based landscapes to foraging activities and highlight the need to identify growth response rates at the species level to fully understand the complexity of the interactions between individual components within arid environments. Overall, the ViSTA_GrAM model presents the foundation for a better assessment of semi-arid environment response to landscape management measures and a better understanding of the complex interactions shaping semi-arid landscapes.

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9

Burke, Antje. "Biodiversity Patterns in Arid, Variable Environments." Mountain Research and Development 25, no. 3 (August 2005): 228–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1659/0276-4741(2005)025[0228:bpiave]2.0.co;2.

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10

Fennemore, G. G., W. Chad Neller, and Andy Davis. "Modeling Pyrite Oxidation in Arid Environments." Environmental Science & Technology 32, no. 18 (September 1998): 2680–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es970900o.

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11

Rausch, Randolf, Christoph Schüth, and Heidi Megerle. "Hydrogeology of arid and semiarid environments." Grundwasser 23, no. 1 (December 18, 2017): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00767-017-0383-y.

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12

Sprent, Janet I., and Hukam S. Gehlot. "Nodulated legumes in arid and semi-arid environments: are they important?" Plant Ecology & Diversity 3, no. 3 (December 2010): 211–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17550874.2010.538740.

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13

Richer, R. A. "Industrial growth and anthropogenic pollutants in arid and hyper-arid environments." Journal of Arid Environments 112 (January 2015): 145–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2014.02.014.

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14

Yang, Xiao-Dong, Nai-Cheng Wu, and Xue-Wei Gong. "Plant Adaptation to Extreme Environments in Drylands." Forests 14, no. 2 (February 14, 2023): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14020390.

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Arid and semi-arid lands cover more than one-third of the earth’s terrestrial area and are typically characterized by rainfall scarcity, higher temperatures and evapotranspiration, salinization, nutrient-poor soil, and a paucity of vegetation cover [...]

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15

Fagg, C. W., and J. L. Stewart. "The value of Acacia and Prosopis in arid and semi-arid environments." Journal of Arid Environments 27, no. 1 (May 1994): 3–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jare.1994.1041.

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16

Shoemaker, Vaughan H. "Physiological ecology of amphibians in arid environments." Journal of Arid Environments 14, no. 2 (March 1988): 145–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-1963(18)31084-x.

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17

Lockley, Martin G., and Rubén A. Rodríguez-de la Rosa. "Preservation of Human Tracks in Arid Environments." Ichnos 16, no. 1-2 (January 6, 2009): 98–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10420940802470920.

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18

Cloudsley-Thompson, John L. "Desertification or Sustainable Yields from Arid Environments." Environmental Conservation 15, no. 3 (1988): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900029325.

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Throughout their existence, civilized peoples have been turning their environment into desert. The causes of desertification are well known—overgrazing, the felling of trees for fuel, and bad agricultural practices. Their effects are apparent in disasters such as the Sahel drought and recent famines in Ethiopia, the Sudan, and elsewhere. The population explosion enhances the extent of the environmental degradation. More agricultural land is currently being lost through salinization and waterlogging than is being created by new irrigation schemes, but this is only part of a problem that faces all tropical third-world countries and for which multinational organizations and the affluent nations of temperate regions are, regrettably and often unknowingly, largely responsible.Because the poorer countries receive, for their agricultural products, cash of which the market value does not take into account the cost to the environment of overexploiting the land, they are apparently doomed to a vicious circle of increasing poverty, deprivation, and famine. Yet it is not beyond the abilities of civilization to devise a viable scheme, based upon sound ecological principles, by which the quality of life of desert peoples could be immeasurably improved. Instead of trying to change the land to make it conform to present economic and political expectations, development should be adapted to exploit the potentialities of the environment as it exists. Such a scheme, profiting from the diversity of microenvironments that occur in desert regions, would encompass multiple land-use and the development of numerous small agricultural and other projects—rather than the large-scale schemes hitherto initiated in fragile environments, and which have so often led to large-scale disaster. By adopting it, the world would simultaneously be made both more stable and more productive for the benefit of all its inhabitants.

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19

Puech, Suzette, Jean-Pierre Rascol, Valérie Michel, and Claude Andary. "Cytogenetics and adaptation to increasingly arid environments." Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 26, no. 3 (April 1998): 267–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0305-1978(97)00111-7.

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20

Urbano, L. D., M. Person, and J. Hanor. "Groundwater–lake interactions in semi-arid environments." Journal of Geochemical Exploration 69-70 (June 2000): 423–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0375-6742(00)00079-0.

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21

Carrasco‐Puga, Gabriela, Francisca P. Díaz, Daniela C. Soto, Catalina Hernández‐Castro, Orlando Contreras‐López, Antonio Maldonado, Claudio Latorre, and Rodrigo A. Gutiérrez. "Revealing hidden plant diversity in arid environments." Ecography 44, no. 1 (October 11, 2020): 98–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ecog.05100.

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22

Pearson, Stuart, and Julio L. Betancourt. "Understanding arid environments using fossil rodent middens." Journal of Arid Environments 50, no. 3 (March 2002): 499–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jare.2001.0901.

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23

Tueller, Paul T. "Remote sensing science applications in arid environments." Remote Sensing of Environment 23, no. 2 (November 1987): 143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0034-4257(87)90034-4.

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24

Lancaster, Nicholas. "Arid geomorphology." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 20, no. 1 (March 1996): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913339602000107.

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Geomorphic research in arid environments continues to attract a wide variety of researchers who employ a range of techniques to understand modem processes and landscape evolution in dry lands. A notable feature of much contemporary research is the collaboration between geomorphologists and those with specialized geochemical and geophysical knowledge, for example in the areas of exposure-age dating. Another significant development is the synergism (at least in the western USA) between environ mental and public policy concerns and fundamental geomorphic research. For example, the need to understand landform development and the history of climate in the region of the proposed high-level nuclear-waste storage facility at Yucca Mountain in southern Nevada has generated important fundamental research on soil-forming processes (Reheis et al., 1995), soil-landscape relations (Peterson et al., 1995), slope stability (Whitney and Harrington, 1993) and evidence for past groundwater discharge conditions (Quade et al., 1995). Similarly, concerns about the response of sensitive semi-arid areas to possible future climate change has stimulated research into the Holocene climatic history and aeolian environments of the Great Plains (Muhs and Maat, 1993; Forman et al., 1995; Loope et al., 1995; Madole, 1995; Muhs and Holliday, 1995; Wolfe et al., 1995) and the Negev Desert (Tsoar, 1995). Of particular importance is the realization that droughts and changes in sediment supply from fluvial systems within the past 150 yr have had effects on dune mobility that are comparable to some inferred Holocene climate changes (Muhs and Holliday, 1995).

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25

Whittington-Jones, G. M., R. T. F. Bernard, and D. M. Parker. "Aardvark Burrows: A Potential Resource for Animals in Arid and Semi-Arid Environments." African Zoology 46, no. 2 (October 2011): 362–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3377/004.046.0215.

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26

Whittington-Jones, G. M., R. T. F. Bernard, and D. M. Parker. "Aardvark burrows: a potential resource for animals in arid and semi-arid environments." African Zoology 46, no. 2 (October 2011): 362–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15627020.2011.11407509.

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27

Sadek, S., S. Ghanimeh, and M. El-Fadel. "Predicted performance of clay-barrier landfill covers in arid and semi-arid environments." Waste Management 27, no. 4 (January 2007): 572–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2006.06.008.

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28

Chesson, Peter, Renate L. E. Gebauer, Susan Schwinning, Nancy Huntly, Kerstin Wiegand, Morgan S. K. Ernest, Anna Sher, Ariel Novoplansky, and Jake F. Weltzin. "Resource pulses, species interactions, and diversity maintenance in arid and semi-arid environments." Oecologia 141, no. 2 (April 7, 2004): 236–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-004-1551-1.

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29

Ataei, Reza, and Mohammad Shiri. "Multi-environment evaluation of foxtail millet advanced lines for forage yield stability." Genetika 52, no. 3 (2020): 835–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr2003835a.

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Foxtail millet (Setaria italica L. P. Beauv.) is a very important crop in the arid and semi-arid areas. In the present study, five advanced lines and one commercial check (Bastan) were tested across12 (six locations and two years) environments. An attempt was made to identify superior line(s) with emphasis on high forage yield potential and yield stability over multi-environment trials using GGE biplot analysis. The study was conducted using a randomized complete block design with four replications. Combined analysis of variance for forage yield showed that the genotypes, environments, and the interaction effects were highly significant (P ? 0.01). The environment, genotype and interaction effects accounted for 76.38%, 6.97% and 8.92% of the total forage yield variation, respectively. GGE biplot analysis showed that G5 has both high forage yield and stability across the studied environments and E3 and E4 were high-yielding environments in this study. Which-won-where study partitioned the testing locations into two mega-environments with G5 and G3 as winning genotypes in the first and second mega-environment, respectively. According to discriminate ability and representativeness, the E4 and E12 environments were perfect environments. Overall, existence of extensive crossover interaction clearly suggested that efforts are necessary to identify location-specific genotypes over multi-environment trials for release of new varieties.

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30

Elnashar, Abdelrazek, Mohamed Abbas, Hassan Sobhy, and Mohamed Shahba. "Crop Water Requirements and Suitability Assessment in Arid Environments: A New Approach." Agronomy 11, no. 2 (January 30, 2021): 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11020260.

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Efficient land and water management require the accurate selection of suitable crops that are compatible with soil and crop water requirements (CWR) in a given area. In this study, twenty soil profiles are collected to represent the soils of the study area. Physical and chemical properties of soil, in addition to irrigation water quality, provided data are utilized by the Agriculture Land Evaluation System for Arid and semi-arid regions (ALES-Arid) to determine crop suitability. University of Idaho Ref-ET software is used to calculate CWR from weather data while the Surface Energy Balance Algorithms for Land Model (SEBAL) is utilized to estimate CWR from remote sensing data. The obtained results show that seasonal weather-based CWR of the most suitable field crops (S1 and S2 classes) ranges from 804 to 1625 mm for wheat and berssem, respectively, and ranges from 778 to 993 mm in the vegetable crops potato and watermelon, respectively, under surface irrigation. Mean daily satellite-based CWR are predicted based on SEBAL ranges between 4.79 and 3.62 mm in Toshka and Abu Simbel areas respectively. This study provides a new approach for coupling ALES-Arid, Ref-ET and SEBAL models to facilitate the selection of suitable crops and offers an excellent source for predicting CWR in arid environments. The findings of this research will help in managing the future marginal land reclamation projects in arid and semi-arid areas of the world.

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31

Lancaster, Nicholas. "Arid geomorphology 1994." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 18, no. 4 (December 1994): 582–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913339401800408.

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The past year has been a landmark year for arid lands geomorphology with the publication of two major texts on desert geomorphology, as well as two edited volumes of articles on aeolian processes, sediments and landforms (Pye, 1993; Pye and Lancaster, 1993) and a special edition of the Journal of Arid Environments devoted to articles from an international symposium on the evolution of deserts in Ahmedabad, India.

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32

Zabala, J. M., P. Widenhorn, and J. F. Pensiero. "Germination patterns of species of the genus Trichloris in arid and semiarid environments." Seed Science and Technology 39, no. 2 (July 1, 2011): 338–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15258/sst.2011.39.2.07.

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33

Montanaro, G., B. Dichio, G. Celano, and C. Xiloyannis. "SUSTAINABLE KIWIFRUIT ORCHARD MANAGEMENT IN SEMI-ARID ENVIRONMENTS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 753 (October 2007): 591–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2007.753.78.

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34

Semioshkina, N., and G. Voigt. "Soil - Plant transfer of radionuclides in arid environments." Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 237 (October 2021): 106692. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2021.106692.

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35

Ahmed, Mohamed, Yu Chen, and Mahmoud M. Khalil. "Isotopic composition of groundwater resources in arid environments." Journal of Hydrology 609 (June 2022): 127773. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.127773.

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36

Kenny, R. "Hydrogeomorphic flood hazard evaluation for semi-arid environments." Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology 23, no. 4 (November 1990): 333–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.qjeg.1990.023.04.07.

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37

Patrick, C., C. Kechavarzi, I. T. James, M. O'Dogherty, and R. J. Godwin. "Developing reservoir tillage technology for semi-arid environments." Soil Use and Management 23, no. 2 (June 2007): 185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2006.00069.x.

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38

Bryant, Elaine, and Monika Kress. "Session 28. Microbial Life in Terrestrial Arid Environments." Astrobiology 8, no. 2 (April 2008): 427–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ast.2008.1252.

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39

Eppelbaum, L. V., B. E. Khesin, and S. E. Itkis. "Archaeological geophysics in arid environments: Examples from Israel." Journal of Arid Environments 74, no. 7 (July 2010): 849–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2009.04.018.

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40

Carlson, Ernest H. "Geochemical exploration in arid and deeply weathered environments." Chemical Geology 54, no. 1-2 (January 1986): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(86)90082-3.

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41

Rose, Arthur W. "Geochemical exploration in arid and deeply weathered environments." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 49, no. 5 (May 1985): 1295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(85)90021-3.

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42

Cooke, Robert S. C., Tim Woodfine, Marie Petretto, and Thomas H. G. Ezard. "Resource partitioning between ungulate populations in arid environments." Ecology and Evolution 6, no. 17 (August 17, 2016): 6354–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2218.

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43

Rai, Abdelwahab, Mohamed Belkacem, Imen Assadi, Jean-Claude Bollinger, Walid Elfalleh, Aymen Amine Assadi, Abdeltif Amrane, and Lotfi Mouni. "Bacteria in Soil: Promising Bioremediation Agents in Arid and Semi-Arid Environments for Cereal Growth Enhancement." Applied Sciences 12, no. 22 (November 14, 2022): 11567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122211567.

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In arid regions, starchy agricultural products such as wheat and rice provide essential carbohydrates, minerals, fibers and vitamins. However, drought, desiccation, high salinity, potentially toxic metals and hydrocarbon accumulation are among the most notable stresses affecting soil quality and cereal production in arid environments. Certain soil bacteria, referred to as Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR), colonize the plant root environment, providing beneficial advantages for both soil and plants. Beyond their ability to improve plant growth under non-stressed conditions, PGPR can establish symbiotic and non-symbiotic interactions with plants growing under stress conditions, participating in soil bioremediation, stress alleviation and plant growth restoration. Moreover, the PGPR ability to fix nitrogen, to solubilize insoluble forms of nutrients and to produce other metabolites such as siderophores, phytohormones, antibiotics and hydrolytic enzymes makes them ecofriendly alternatives to the excessive use of unsuitable and cost-effective chemicals in agriculture. The most remarkable PGPR belong to the genera Arthrobacter, Azospirillum, Azotobacter, Bacillus, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, etc. Therefore, high cereal production in arid environments can be ensured using PGPR. Herein, the potential role of such bacteria in promoting wheat and rice production under both normal and derelict soils is reviewed and highlighted.

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44

Mohawesh, Osama E. "Artificial neural network for estimating monthly reference evapotransiration under arid and semi arid environments." Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science 59, no. 1 (January 2013): 105–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2011.603126.

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45

Mahmoodabadi, Majid, and Artemi Cerdà. "WEPP calibration for improved predictions of interrill erosion in semi-arid to arid environments." Geoderma 204-205 (August 2013): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.04.013.

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46

Posadas, Paula, Edgardo Ortiz-Jaureguizar, Jorge V. Crisci, and Liliana Katinas. "Historical biogeography and origin and evolution of arid and semi-arid environments: An introduction." Journal of Arid Environments 66, no. 3 (August 2006): 385–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.01.003.

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Slenker, Katherine, Haley O'Brien, and Lindsey Yann. "Variance of Carotid-Rete-Mediated Selective Brain Cooling Across Aridity Indices." Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History 60, no. 2 (February 16, 2023): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.58782/flmnh.hhfe1916.

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Species-environment interactions are integral to survivorship, especially when those environments test the extremes of organismal physiology. Large-bodied (>50kg) mammals, specifically artiodactyls and feliform carnivores, possess a specialized physiology known as carotid-rete-mediated selective brain cooling (CR-SBC), which has been established to be selectively advantageous in environments where water availability is limited and risk for dehydration is high. In this study, we investigate whether CR-SBC provides a release from physiological constraint imposed by the environment, specifically aridity. Using 18O values from tooth enamel as a proxy for water metabolism, we model the range in variance across 1265 individuals from species that possess a carotid rete against those without from three different environmental categories – arid, dry subhumid, and humid – using a non-parametric ANOVA. The results of the analysis indicate there is a comparatively higher, and statistically significant, amount of variance of 18O in mammals possessing CR-SBC than those without, especially within arid climates, that begins to equalize as environmental water availability increases. As environments become increasingly arid, understanding which species are more vulnerable to shifts in climate becomes more pertinent. The presence of CR-SBC provides a clear, binary feature by which to measure the relationship between the environment and species survivorship under varying levels of water availability, and is useful in informing and improving conservation tools, such as physiological distribution models.

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Webster, KN, and TJ Dawson. "Is the energetics of mammalian hopping locomotion advantageous in arid environments?" Australian Mammalogy 26, no. 2 (2004): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am04153.

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Although hopping is a relatively rare mammalian gait, hopping mammals are common in arid environments. Arid environments are open, with patchy resources, and the widespread use of hopping by arid zone mammals appears to be related to the benefits of fast locomotion. In several species, fast hopping is economical in comparison to fast quadrupedal running. These hopping species can reach greater maximum aerobic speeds than similarly sized runners. Faster locomotion can reduce predation risk and increase opportunities to exploit open microhabitats. More economical locomotion may improve a hopping mammal's ability to adopt alternative foraging strategies. The disadvantages of hopping include an increased cost of slow locomotion, reduced manoeuvrability at slow speeds and reduced ability to exploit densely vegetated patches.

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Blank, David, and Yaoming Li. "Antelope adaptations to counteract overheating and water deficit in arid environments." Journal of Arid Land 14, no. 10 (October 2022): 1069–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40333-022-0076-y.

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AbstractMany arid areas have very severe climates with extremely high summer temperatures, strong solar radiation, and a lack of drinking water during the driest season. Therefore, antelopes living in arid areas are forced to solve two main problems: avoiding overheating and maintaining water balance. Generally, there are physiological, morphological, and behavioral mechanisms for antelope adaptations to arid environments. Among the mechanisms, behavioral adjustments have a minimal cost and are activated first, while physiological mechanisms are the most energetically costly and involve adaptations to high temperatures when other mechanisms are insufficient. In previous publications, some examples of the antelope behavioral adaptations have been described only rarely, while in this review, we try to clarify all available information on the adaptations of antelopes living in arid areas to their native environments, paying particular attention to behavioral adjustments. Behavioral mechanisms, especially daily activity, diet and microclimate selection, and migrations, are so important and commonly used by antelopes in natural conditions, in which physiological mechanisms are usually not involved. Antelopes adjust their behaviors according to environmental changes so successfully that purely physiological mechanisms are discovered under laboratory conditions; for example, adaptive heterothermia or selective brain cooling phenomenon is difficult to observe in their natural habitats. This review provides a better understanding of the main behavioral mechanisms of antelope adaptations to arid environments and allows for the identification of the key factors for successful conservation of antelopes in their natural habitats.

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Danckwerts, JE, PJ O'reagain, and TG O'connor. "Range Management in a Changing Environment: a Southern African Perspective." Rangeland Journal 15, no. 1 (1993): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9930133.

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We address a number of management principles pertaining to temporal and spatial changes in rangeland systems. Both plant community composition, and availability and quality of forage, are temporally variable. The process of community change, at least in southern Africa, appears to differ between humid and arid environments. In humid environments, change follows a relatively gradual and predictable pattern, with both over- and under-grazing resulting in decreased carrying capacity. Factors other than grazing also cause change. In arid environments, change is event-driven, providing the grazier with risks and opportunities to cause or prevent community change from one state to another. Humid and arid rangelands also exhibit different patterns of inter- and intra-seasonal variation in forage availability and quality. In the former, changes, particularly in quality, are relatively predictable, allowing the grazier to match forage demand to supply, thus facilitating stable animal husbandry systems. In arid ranges, the profound change is inter-seasonal forage production, implying unpredictable carrying capacity. Flexibility in livestock numbers is therefore essential. Spatial heterogeneity of rangelands results in patch utilisation and localised deterioration of varying scale. In southern Africa, the traditional response has been fencing, an expensive and sometimes impracticable solution on an extensive scale. Fire and siting of artificial water points or mineral licks are alternative options for redistributing animals. The interaction of spatial heterogeneity with temporal rainfall fluctuations in arid rangelands provides pulses of productivity varying in space, time and magnitude. Settled pastoralism is perhaps unsuited to these environments. Finally, in view of the complexity of rangeland systems, and the paucity of empirical predictions for graziers, we suggest that formalised adaptive management - decision-making from past mistakes and successes - is the most appropriate means for graziers to cope with a changing environment.

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