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Academic literature on the topic 'Arid environments'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Arid environments"

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Day, John, Reed Goodman, Zhongyuan Chen, Rachael Hunter, Liviu Giosan, and Yanna Wang. "Deltas in Arid Environments." Water 13, no. 12 (June 17, 2021): 1677. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13121677.

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Due to increasing water use, diversion and salinization, along with subsidence and sea-level rise, deltas in arid regions are shrinking worldwide. Some of the most ecologically important arid deltas include the Colorado, Indus, Nile, and Tigris-Euphrates. The primary stressors vary globally, but these deltas are threatened by increased salinization, water storage and diversion, eutrophication, and wetland loss. In order to make these deltas sustainable over time, some water flow, including seasonal flooding, needs to be re-established. Positive impacts have been seen in the Colorado River delta after flows to the delta were increased. In addition to increasing freshwater flow, collaboration among stakeholders and active management are necessary. For the Nile River, cooperation among different nations in the Nile drainage basin is important. River flow into the Tigris-Euphrates River delta has been affected by politics and civil strife in the Middle East, but some flow has been re-allocated to the delta. Studies commissioned for the Indus River delta recommended re-establishment of some monthly water flow to maintain the river channel and to fight saltwater intrusion. However, accelerating climate impacts, socio-political conflicts, and growing populations suggest a dire future for arid deltas.
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Yang, Xiaoping, and Martin Williams. "Landforms and processes in arid and semi-arid environments." CATENA 134 (November 2015): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2015.02.011.

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Hadas, A. "Arid and semi-arid environments: Geomorphological and pedological aspects." Soil and Tillage Research 22, no. 1-2 (January 1992): 191–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-1987(92)90033-8.

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Goddard, Stephen, and Fatma Saif Al-Abri. "Integrated aquaculture in arid environments." Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences [JAMS] 23 (January 10, 2019): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jams.vol23iss0pp52-57.

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Around one third of the globe is classified as desert or arid (<200mm rain annually) and most such regions lack food security. Traditional freshwater aquaculture is often a marginal activity and competes with agriculture for limited water resources. Developing technologies offer new opportunities to increase productivity of aquaculture through integration with vegetable production in aquaponic systems and to reduce water requirements through the application of biofloc technology. Aquaponic systems combine aquaculture and hydroponic plant production and are integrated within a re-cycled water system. Fish waste metabolites provide the nutrients for plants grown in soil-less, hydroponic systems. Biofloc farming systems operate with minimum or zero water exchange. Suspended biofloc particles develop in fish tanks under conditions of full aeration and controlled carbon to nitrogen ratios. They comprise algae, bacteria, protozoa and particulate organic matter held in a loose matrix. They provide in-situ treatment of harmful fish metabolites, are protein rich, contain essential fatty acids, vitamins and minerals and supplement the diets of filter-feeding farmed species. The integration of fish culture with vegetable production provides new opportunities for small and medium enterprises. Integrated farms occupy a small footprint, optimise the use of resources and can be built close to population centres. This paper reviews current developments in aquaponics and biofloc technology against the background of food security needs in arid regions.
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Goddard, Stephen, and Fatma Saif Al-Abri. "Integrated aquaculture in arid environments." Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences [JAMS] 23, no. 1 (January 10, 2019): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jams.vol23iss1pp52-57.

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Around one third of the globe is classified as desert or arid (<200mm rain annually) and most such regions lack food security. Traditional freshwater aquaculture is often a marginal activity and competes with agriculture for limited water resources. Developing technologies offer new opportunities to increase productivity of aquaculture through integration with vegetable production in aquaponic systems and to reduce water requirements through the application of biofloc technology. Aquaponic systems combine aquaculture and hydroponic plant production and are integrated within a re-cycled water system. Fish waste metabolites provide the nutrients for plants grown in soil-less, hydroponic systems. Biofloc farming systems operate with minimum or zero water exchange. Suspended biofloc particles develop in fish tanks under conditions of full aeration and controlled carbon to nitrogen ratios. They comprise algae, bacteria, protozoa and particulate organic matter held in a loose matrix. They provide in-situ treatment of harmful fish metabolites, are protein rich, contain essential fatty acids, vitamins and minerals and supplement the diets of filter-feeding farmed species. The integration of fish culture with vegetable production provides new opportunities for small and medium enterprises. Integrated farms occupy a small footprint, optimise the use of resources and can be built close to population centres. This paper reviews current developments in aquaponics and biofloc technology against the background of food security needs in arid regions.
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Enciso, Juan, Jose C. Chavez, Girisha Ganjegunte, and Samuel D. Zapata. "Energy Sorghum Production under Arid and Semi-Arid Environments of Texas." Water 11, no. 7 (June 28, 2019): 1344. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11071344.

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Water availability and supply are critical factors in the production of bioenergy. Dry biomass productivity and water use efficiency (WUE) of two biomass sorghum cultivars (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) were studied in two different climatic locations during 2014 and 2015. The objective of this field study was to evaluate the dry biomass productivity and water use efficiency of two energy sorghum cultivars grown in two different climatic environments: one at Pecos located in the Chihuahuan Desert and a second one located at Weslaco in the Lower Rio Grande bordering Mexico and with a semiarid environment. There were significant differences between locations in dry biomass and WUE. Dry biomass productivity ranged from 22.4 to 31.9 Mg ha−1 in Weslaco, while in Pecos it ranged from 7.4 to 17.6 Mg ha−1. Even though it was possible to produce energy sorghum biomass in an arid environment with saline-sodic soils and saline irrigation, the energy sorghum dry biomass yield was reduced more than 50% in the arid environment compared to production in a semiarid environment with good soil and water quality, and it required approximately twice as much water. Harsh production conditions combined with low energy prices resulted in negative net returns for all treatments. However, a moderate increase in ethanol price could make the semiarid cropland of Texas an economically feasible feedstock production location.
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Meerow, Sara, Mukunth Natarajan, and David Krantz. "Green infrastructure performance in arid and semi-arid urban environments." Urban Water Journal 18, no. 4 (February 8, 2021): 275–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1573062x.2021.1877741.

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Gauvin-Bourdon, Phillipe, James King, and Liliana Perez. "Impacts of grazing on vegetation dynamics in a sediment transport complex model." Earth Surface Dynamics 9, no. 1 (February 2, 2021): 29–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-29-2021.

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Abstract. Arid environments are characterized by the complex interaction between vegetation cover, surface soil properties, and the climate. The dynamic balance between these components makes arid environments highly susceptible to swift changes in vegetation cover and surface morphology in response to climate change. Furthermore, arid environments often support grazing activities, which influence other ecogeomorphic processes and alter the stability of vegetation cover in these environments. Despite growing knowledge and the parallel modeling advances to simulate the sediment transport, vegetation distribution, and grazing, in arid environments, relatively little progress has been accomplished on the interaction between all these components. Here we present an adaptation of an already established sediment transport–vegetation cellular automata model (Vegetation and Sediment TrAnsport or ViSTA) that represents landscape dynamics with an agent-based model (GrAM) representing the activity of grazers on the landscape. In this study, our resulting model, ViSTA_GrAM, is subjected to a series of 100-year-long tests that aim to highlight the capacity of the model to represent ecogeomorphic processes linked to vegetation composition, rainfall, wind speed, and grazing pressure. While these simulations do not allow us to evaluate the performance of the new model to reproduce realistic semi-arid environments, they present the capacity of the model to reproduce and explain major feedback complexities between grazers and the vegetation, in addition to providing insight on the vegetation and wind shear sensitivity of the original model. The simulations reinforce our current knowledge of the resilience of grass-based landscapes to foraging activities and highlight the need to identify growth response rates at the species level to fully understand the complexity of the interactions between individual components within arid environments. Overall, the ViSTA_GrAM model presents the foundation for a better assessment of semi-arid environment response to landscape management measures and a better understanding of the complex interactions shaping semi-arid landscapes.
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Burke, Antje. "Biodiversity Patterns in Arid, Variable Environments." Mountain Research and Development 25, no. 3 (August 2005): 228–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1659/0276-4741(2005)025[0228:bpiave]2.0.co;2.

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Fennemore, G. G., W. Chad Neller, and Andy Davis. "Modeling Pyrite Oxidation in Arid Environments." Environmental Science & Technology 32, no. 18 (September 1998): 2680–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es970900o.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Arid environments"

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夏江瀛 and Kong-ying Ha. "Microbial ecology of arid environments." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/193421.

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Deserts comprise the largest terrestrial biome, making up approximately one third of the Earth’s land mass. They are defined in terms of moisture deficit using the Aridity Index with values <1. A further delineation based on mean annual temperatures into hot (>18°C), cold (<18°C) and polar (<0°C) deserts is employed. In the absence of significant macrobiota, microorganisms are key to desert ecosystems. They are located in near-surface soils, and include a widespread hypolithic mode of colonization, where microbial biomass develops on the ventral surfaces of quartz and other translucent stones. A literature review was conducted to appreciate the status of existing knowledge on these systems. Amongst unresolved questions that arose were the following, which form the basis of this inquiry: What are the taxonomic and functional differences between hypolithic and near-soil communities? Do hypolithic communities assemble differently in deserts of different xeric and thermal stresses? Can the keystone cyanobacterial taxa be cultivated under laboratory conditions to allow manipulative studies? The Mojave Desert in the USA was used as a model to test the extent to which hypolithic and near-surface soil communities vary in both taxonomic and putative functional composition. A common phylogenetic marker (16S rRNA gene ITS region) was used to conclude that soil and hypolithic communities are significantly different, although both were dominated by cyanobacteria. The ubiquitous hypolithic cyanobacterial taxon Chroococcidiopsis was encountered, although communities appeared to be dominated functionally by the diazotrophic genus Nostoc. The data strongly suggest that carbon and nitrogen fixation pathways in desert soils are mediated by the same taxa, although heterotrophic pathways may differ and support distinct assemblages of heterotrophic bacteria. An opportunistic sampling of three sites along a latitudinal gradient in China allowed some inference about adaptations in hypoliths. Communities recovered from the cold Tibetan Desert, Taklamakan Basin Desert, and exposed hillsides in tropical Hong Kong, did not display significant differences at the level of community assembly. This suggests that hypolithic taxa undergo strong selection for xeric and extreme thermal stresses. A cultivation strategy for the keystone taxon Chroococcidiopsis has been lacking and is an obvious impediment to manipulative physiological studies. Here various methods for laboratory cultivation were attempted. This bacterium proved extremely fastidious and displayed slow growth rates. After extensive trials a novel cultivation method was developed. This involved using plastic petri dishes containing liquid growth medium, into which glass coverslips were introduced along with cell suspensions. The surface energy of glass served as a nucleation site for Chroococcidiopsis biofilms (which do not develop on plastic surfaces) and this method was evaluated in growth studies as a means of quantifying growth. This research includes key advances to demonstrate that hypoliths and soil, whilst supporting different communities, likely perform similar functional roles in the desert soil. Selection due to the severe environmental stresses results in similar communities across large latitudinal and environmental gradients. The development of a cultivation strategy paves the way for manipulative physiological studies on these important organisms.
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Biological Sciences
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Doctor of Philosophy
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Patrick, Cecil. "Reservoir tillage for semi-arid environments." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2005. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.426071.

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Hutton, Christopher Joseph. "Modelling watershed processes in semi-arid environments." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.529295.

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Torofder, Golam. "Manipulating wheat yield in semi-arid environments." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.394451.

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Findings from a number of recent glasshouse studies are reported and their relevance to wheat production practices in Bangladesh is discussed. It was found that application of large amounts of urea gave highest grain yield when the total amount of urea was added immediately after irrigation following germination. The same amount of urea applied before irrigation or in smaller doses throughout the growing season gave lower yield and resulted in higher post-harvest concentrations of soil nitrate. Reducing the total urea application to one quarter of the typical maximum reported value, did not cause a reduction in yield and this could be achieved with only one occasion of irrigation (as opposed to two) following germination. The findings confirm the recommended dosage of urea (typically 250 kg urea ha-1) and indicate the importance of applying urea after irrigation to maximise yield and minimise post-harvest soil nitrate concentrations. Adding a nitrate fertiliser as opposed to the same amount of urea-N did not result in a significant yield increase. The results indicate that application of urea-N following irrigation results in a rapid availability of soil N for plant uptake. Where severe soil drying occurs in the upper rooting zone, grain field was drastically reduced. This occurred even where longer roots had access to non-limiting amounts of water and nutrients. It was found that roots in the drying soil produced the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) and that this had a likely causal significance in decreasing yield. ABA was also produced in plants with ammonium- as opposed to nitrate nutrition and this was also associated with reduced yield. It was concluded that breeding for deep rooting alone would be insufficient to attain high yield if the upper part of root system was exposed to severe soil water deficit. Breeding of deep rooting in combination with a decreased sensitivity of stomatal closure to ABA, is an attractive possibility for plant and yield improvement for semi-arid zones. In the interim, current measures of tillage and mulching that enhance the water content of the upper rooting zone should be encouraged. Such measures are likely to counter the potential ABA-induced inhibition of yield associated with partial root dehydration and incomplete nitrification of soil ammonium.
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Van, der Meer Frans-Bauke Willem. "Modelling tropical soil water regimes in semi-arid environments." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2000. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/27070.

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Soil moisture available to crops is among the main constraints on crop production by smallholder farmers in semi-arid Zimbabwe. Other restrictions, such as limited use of fertilisers and herbicides, stem primarily from socio-economic rather than biophysical constraints. To improve smallholder farming, it is essential to promote soil and water conservation practices (SWC) that consider farmers' management constraints, such as limited availability of labour and Draught Animal Power (DAP).
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Rosser, Nicholas John. "The geomorphology of coarse clastic surfaces in arid environments." Thesis, Durham University, 2002. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3745/.

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This study explores the linkages between slope form and slope process in arid environments. In doing so, questions of the development of slopes in arid environments are examined. The age of many arid environment surfaces, combined with the sporadic nature of formative events, means that long-term surface and slope development remains an elusive question in geomorphology. Deserts have inspired many of the most enduring theories of landscape evolution and continue to provide a test-bed for new and emerging ideas in geomorphology. The clast-mantled surface of the northeast Jordan Badia presents an ideal opportunity to study the links between surface character and slope processes in arid environments. The northeast Badia also provides an opportunity to explore theories of slope development and the behaviour of earth surface systems. The nature of the clast covered ground surface has been assessed using a new digital aerial photography and image analysis technique. A field study of surface processes has been used to explore links between surface form and slope process. Additionally, a computer based simulation of long-term modification of the spatial distribution of surface clast has been undertaken. Given the subtle variation in earth surface form between disparate locations, a new semi-quantitative method of locating sample sites has been developed. The characterization of surface form has identified statistically significant relationships between ground surface character and two-dimensional slope form. Systematic variations in ground surface configuration, both within and between basalt flows, are found to be indicative of the action of slope processes. The first study of ground surface hydrology in the north eastern Badia has been undertaken. The results from a series of rain-storm simulation experiments show subtle but significant links between the action of surface processes and variations in ground surface form. The controls on surface process are diverse and vary in significance with position in the landscape. A combination of ground surface characterization and process studies has identified several interesting geomorphological phenomena The surfaces exhibit systematic variations in structure and organization. Homeostatic links between form and process are clearly apparent, which suggests that surface form influences and is influenced by process action via a process of positive feedbacks. Given the sporadic and infrequent recurrence of formative events in arid environments, a modelling approach has been developed to understand the long-term, spatial dynamics of the ground surface. The model has been used to simulate structure in the surface clast arrangement and the sensitivity of surface organization to physically constrained variations in model parameters. The model also allows the surfaces to be considered as self-organizing earth surface systems. The model results provide new insights into the process-form linkages in operation on clast-mantled arid surfaces. The model results provide new ways of examining and understanding the dynamics of clast mantled arid surfaces and have implications for the application of self-organization in geomorphology.
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Mitchell, John Talmadge. "A Framework for Development in Rural Arid and Semi-Arid Environments in Africa: The Somalia Case." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/98224.

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This study proposes a framework and a process promoting creation of sustainable jobs and businesses in rural, arid and semi-arid agricultural conflict zones of Sub Saharan Africa, focusing on Somalia's societal stabilization and conflict mitigation. This task requires developing risk-reducing measures for infrastructure and service delivery in rural, post-conflict zones. Literature reviews identified two economic growth theories rooted in sustainability concepts for localized, pro-poor development. Ecological Economics Theory (EET) and Endogenous Growth Theory (EGT) are the philosophical bases establishing investment priorities. Additional research regarding Somali culture, key conflict factors, and potential business opportunities, provides an understanding of salient facts in Somalia's on-going, 27-years of war and potential culturally acceptable development pathways. Informal sources, Somali and non-Somali, were consulted to further identify and verify potential avenues for economic growth, sustainability, educational opportunities, allowing Somalia to emerge from the strife it has endured. Visits to Somalia and Somaliland confirmed that livestock, its products and related requirements, are key components for economic growth and job creation. Investigation, via pilot testing and case studies, was undertaken of technologies with potential to improve productive capacity and disrupt existing value chains. Initial framework elements were evaluated for job and business creation, through unstructured, semi-structured interviews, and questionnaire of Somali officials, and Somali and non-Somali conflict zone development practitioners. The pilot test used a small sample size and is a limitation of this work. Findings from the literature review, informal discussions, and the pilot test are synthesized into the framework presented in Chapter 5. The framework proposes development of an innovative, disruptive, and scalable business model that facilitates the simultaneous implementation of renewable energy production. It targets education for the livestock and agroforestry industry of Somalia, improving job and business opportunities. The model proposes modification of used shipping containers for the creation of modular elements, to satisfying infrastructural building components to initiate skills practice, job, and business growth.
Doctor of Philosophy
The wars and conflicts of various types in Africa have made the continent poorer and prevented development in many countries. One of the major, and seemingly intractable conflict locations, is Somalia located in the East Horn of Africa (EHA). This research provides an understanding of salient facts in Somalia's 27 years of war by examining culture and key conflict factors. The objective of this assessment is to identify potential culturally acceptable pathways that will lead to business opportunities and development as a means of conflict mitigation. The improvement of job opportunities for youth is viewed as a means to offset the current participation in the ongoing conflict. Somali and non-Somali sources were consulted to identify and verify avenues for economic growth, sustainability, and educational opportunities. Visits to Somalia and Somaliland confirmed that livestock, and related products, are key components for development and job creation. Technologies with potential to improve productive capacity and disrupt existing value chains were also evaluated. Findings from informal discussions and a pilot test of a proposed framework are presented. The framework identifies elements for development of an innovative, disruptive, and scalable business model that facilitates the implementation of renewable energy production. In addition, it targets education for the livestock and agroforestry industries, improving job and business opportunities.
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Zakharova, Liubov [Verfasser]. "Modelling plant trait variability in changing arid environments / Liubov Zakharova." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1220909432/34.

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Devasirvatham, Viola. "The basis of chickpea heat tolerance under semi-arid environments." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/9017.

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Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an important grain legume. Global warming and changes in cropping systems are driving chickpea production to relatively warmer growing conditions. Studies on the impact of climate change on chickpea production highlighted the effect of warmer temperatures on crop development and subsequent chickpea yield. For example, the yield of chickpea declined by up to 301 kg/ha per 1˚C increase in mean seasonal temperature in India. Assessment of whole plant response, particularly flowering and grain filling in warmer environments, in the field is generally an effective screening method. The identification of heat tolerant genotypes can help adapt chickpea to the effects of warmer temperatures. In this study, 167 chickpea genotypes were screened in heat stressed (late season) and non-stressed (normal season) conditions in the field during 2009-10 (year 1) and 2010-11 (year 2) at the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), India. The aim of these experiments was to screen chickpea germplasm in contrasting chickpea growing seasons for high temperature tolerance. Plant phenology (days to first flowering, days to 50% flowering, days to first pod, and days to maturity), growth (plant height, plant width and biomass at harvest) and grain yield including pod number per plant, filled pod number per plant and seed number per plant were recorded in both seasons. There was large and significant variation for phenology, growth, grain yield and yield traits. Pod numbers per plant and harvest index are the two key traits that can be used in selection for breeding programs. The genetic variation was also confirmed by canopy temperature depression and the Heat Tolerance Index (HTI). Furthermore, using daily maximum and minimum temperature during the growing period, temperature for chickpea developmental stages (vegetative, flowering and grain filling phases) was calculated for both seasons to understand genotype × environment (G × E) interaction. In addition, sensitivity of male and female reproductive tissues to high temperature is important to explain the effect of heat stress on the reproductive phase. Therefore, field experiment was conducted at ICRISAT under stressed condition (late season) during 2011. The aim of these experiments was to study genetic variation in male reproductive tissue (anther, pollen), its function (pollen germination and tube growth) and pod set. Pollen fertility, in vitro pollen germination, in vivo pollen germination and pod set was examined under different temperatures. The field experiment was compared with controlled environments (stressed and non-stressed conditions). Both anthers and pollen grains showed more structural abnormalities such as changes in anther locule number, anther epidermis wall thickening and pollen sterility, rather than function (e.g. in vivo pollen tube growth). Clearly, chickpea pollen grains are more sensitive to high temperature than the stigma in both the field and controlled environments. Both studies suggested that the critical temperature for pod set was ≥37˚C in heat tolerant genotypes (ICC 1205; ICC 15614 and ICCV 92944) and ≥33˚C for heat sensitive genotypes (ICC 4567; ICC 10685 and ICC 5912). Implementation of molecular breeding in chickpea improvement program depends on the understanding of genetic diversity. Diversity Array Technology (DArT) is a micro-array based method allowing for finding of DNA polymorphism at several thousand loci in a single assay. The aim of this research was to investigate the genetic diversity between the167 chickpea genotypes using DArT markers. Based on 359 polymorphic DArT markers, 153 genotypes showed polymorphism. A dendrogram derived from cluster analysis based on the genetic similarity coefficient matrix for the 153 genotypes was constructed. There were nine groups (group 1-9) identified from dendrogram. The genotypes were collected from 36 countries and ICRISAT breeding lines were also included in the germplasm. Based on eleven quantitative traits (days to first flowering, days to 50% flowering, days to first pod, days to physiological maturity, plant height, plant width, plant biomass, pod number per plant, filled pod number per plant, seed number per plant and grain yield) observed in the field, the diversity groups were arranged under stressed and non-stressed conditions for two years and their relationship of origin was also studied. The group 9 (ICRISAT breeding lines) produced highest grain yield under non-stressed and heat stressed followed by group 3. Those breeding lines were crossbreeds from the ICRISAT’s breeding programs and released in different countries at different times. Furthermore, characterisation of ICRISAT screening environments using 29 years of temperature data was done to understand the chickpea growing season for future breeding programs. Association analysis was conducted on chickpea genotypes evaluated in the field screening for high temperature tolerance. Eleven quantitative traits observed in the field under heat stressed and non-stressed conditions were analysed to understand the genetic control of heat tolerance through marker-trait association. Under heat stress, 44 DArT markers were associated with grain yield and pod characteristics such as total pod number, filled pod number and seed number. A DArT marker was associated with three or four traits and may be efficiently used in improvement of more than one trait at a time. The associated markers for the traits like plant height, plant width, pod number and grain yield were found in the genomic regions of previously reported QTLs. In addition, many genomic regions for phenology, biomass and grain yield under heat stressed and non-stressed conditions. The number of markers significantly associated with different traits was higher under heat stress, suggesting that many genes are present that control plant response to high temperature in chickpea. Four populations, ICC 1356 x ICC 15614; ICC 10685 x ICC 15614; ICC 4567 x ICC 15614 and ICC 4567 x ICC 1356 of F1s, F2s along with their parents were assessed in the field in 2011 at heat stressed condition (late season). The objective of this experiment was to study the inheritance of heat tolerance. Days to first flowering (DFF), pod number per plant (TNP), filled pod number per plant (NFP), seed number per plant (NS) and grain yield per plant (GY) was recorded. Estimates of broad sense heritability for the traits DFF, TNP, NFP, NS and GY were calculated for all four crosses. In this study, parents were heterogeneous for heat response. At extreme high temperature (>40˚C) the population, especially ICC 4567 x ICC 15614, set pods and gave higher grain yield compared with other crosses. The adaptation of chickpea to high temperature may also be improved using more exotic parents to combine allelic diversity for flowering time, pod number, filled pod number, seed number per plant and grain yield. High temperature clearly has an influence on plant growth, development and grain yield. The research has identified heat tolerant sources of chickpea and also found the impact of high temperature on the male reproductive tissue. Studying genetic diversity using DArT markers and understanding diversity group with agronomic traits provided the basis of chickpea response to high temperature. Further research is needed from populations of chickpea crosses using late generations. This will enable the development of heat tolerant chickpea cultivar.
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Hamilton, Jeffrey Muir. "Arugula Crop Production in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions: Nutritional Value, Postharvest Quality, and Sustainability in Controlled Environments." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195968.

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Plant responses to abiotic stress are neither singular nor linear. The research represented within this dissertation was intended to evaluate selected biochemical and physiological responses in two Arugulas (Images 1-5), to agronomic interventions designed to mitigate extreme environmental abiotic factors, characteristic of arid agricultural production regions. Plant stress responses were investigated under field conditions and within controlled environments (CE), during the course of a preliminary trial and three independent studies, all four directly related. The preliminary trial evaluated harvest and postharvest nutritional content (i.e., antioxidants) of two Arugulas, Eruca sativa (L.) Cav. ssp. sativa (P. Mill.) and Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC cv. Sylvetta; grown under field conditions in the semi-arid upper Sonoran Desert. In this trial, we defined baseline harvest and postharvest antioxidant values for the Arugulas, cultivated in a semi-arid environment. The initial study, conducted within a CE utilizing a water recycling system, evaluated changes in the nutritional value of three specialty leafy cruciferous vegetables: D. tenuifolia, E. sativa and Lepidium sativum; when subjected to increasing salinity levels in the nutrient solution. It was concluded that, when specific Crucifers are irrigated with moderately high levels of salinity, neither harvest nor postharvest nutritional values are compromised. The second study, investigated the response of a suite of plant physiological parameters (e.g., yield and photosynthetic rate) in the three Crucifers to salinity, within the CE. This research provided guideline salinity values where yields did not decline, and encourages growers to consider water resources compromised by salinity and nutrient solution recycling. During the third study, the influence of environmental conditions on the nutritional content in leafy vegetables, prevalent immediately before harvest, was investigated; by subjecting plants to reduced sunlight treatments and early irrigation termination. We observed that, modulating light intensity late in the season, and early irrigation termination strategies, modify the nutritional content of leafy vegetables; and potentially the subsequent postharvest shelf life. Collectively evaluated, this research suggests that simple agronomic interventions are valuable, yet practicable, tools that can enhance the nutritional content of specialty vegetables, in arid regions: be that intervention an imposed controlled-stress, utilizing nutrient recycling systems within a CE, or basic light-reduction and irrigation termination strategies within conventional fields systems.
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Books on the topic "Arid environments"

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De la Rosa, Mauricio Alberto., ed. Arid environments. Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers, 2009.

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Arid environments: Advanced. Deddington: Philip Allan Updates, 2010.

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(Randolf), Rausch R., Schüth Christoph, and Himmelsbach Thomas, eds. Hydrogeology of arid environments: Proceedings. Stuttgart, Germany: Borntraeger Science Publishers, 2012.

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Tavassoli, Mahmoud. Urban Structure in Hot Arid Environments. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39098-7.

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Semi-arid environments: Agriculture, water supply, and vegetation. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2010.

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Invertebrates in hot and cold arid environments. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1995.

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Sømme, Lauritz. Invertebrates in Hot and Cold Arid Environments. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79583-1.

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Tongway, David J., Christian Valentin, and Josiane Seghieri, eds. Banded Vegetation Patterning in Arid and Semiarid Environments. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0207-0.

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Xiaoping, Yang, and Jäkel Dieter, eds. Geomorphology of desert environments and desertification. Berlin: Gebrüder Borntraeger, 2004.

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Jodha, N. S. Sustainable development in fragile environments: An operational framework for arid, semi-arid, and mountain areas. Ahmedabad: Centre for Environment Education, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Arid environments"

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Dohrenwend, John C. "Pediments in Arid Environments." In Geomorphology of Desert Environments, 321–53. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8254-4_13.

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Dohrenwend, John C., and Anthony J. Parsons. "Pediments in Arid Environments." In Geomorphology of Desert Environments, 377–411. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5719-9_13.

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Thomas, David S. G. "Arid Environments: Their Nature and Extent." In Arid Zone Geomorphology, 1–16. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470710777.ch1.

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Wickens, Gerald E. "Arid and Semi-arid Environments of the World." In Ecophysiology of Economic Plants in Arid and Semi-Arid Lands, 5–15. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03700-3_2.

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Sprent, J. I. "Nitrogen fixation in arid environments." In Plants for Arid Lands, 215–29. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-6830-4_16.

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Sømme, Lauritz. "The Climate of Arid Environments." In Invertebrates in Hot and Cold Arid Environments, 1–23. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79583-1_1.

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Gaaloul, Noureddine, and Saeid Eslamian. "Groundwater Quality in Arid Environments." In Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, 260–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95846-0_132.

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Gaaloul, Noureddine, and Saeid Eslamian. "Groundwater Quality in Arid Environments." In Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, 1–12. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70061-8_132-1.

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Reddy, V. Ratna, Y. V. Malla Reddy, and M. Srinivasa Reddy. "Mitigating Climate/Drought Risks: Role of Groundwater Collectivization in Arid/Semi-Arid Conditions." In Climate-Drought Resilience in Extreme Environments, 127–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45889-8_5.

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Grunert, Jörg, and Frank Lehmkuhl. "Aeolian sedimentation in arid and semi-arid environments of Western Mongolia." In Paleoecology of Quaternary Drylands, 195–218. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-44930-0_11.

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Conference papers on the topic "Arid environments"

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Miller, Julianne J., and Richard H. French. "Watershed Responses in Arid Environments." In World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2001. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40569(2001)112.

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Hajjdiab, Hassan, Samr Ali, and Mohammed Ghazal. "Novel vegetation estimation index computation in arid environments." In 2015 IEEE International Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technology (ISSPIT). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isspit.2015.7394355.

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"Durability Evaluation of Repair Materials in Hot-Arid Environments." In "SP-145: Durability of Concrete -- Proceedings Third CANMET - ACI International Conference, Nice, France 1994". American Concrete Institute, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/4416.

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Farington, Ruth. "Carbohydrate-biased diets may improve locust performance in arid environments." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.113809.

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Plodpradista, P., J. M. Keller, and M. Popescu. "Road detection in arid environments using uniformly distributed random based features." In SPIE Defense + Security, edited by Steven S. Bishop and Jason C. Isaacs. SPIE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2224080.

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Le Quesne, Charles, and Mark Peach. "Operating in Ancient Landscapes: Oil Exploration and Archaeology in Arid Environments." In SPE African Health, Safety, Security, and Environment and Social Responsibility Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/170228-ms.

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Hramyka, Alina, Neil Grewal, Mohammed Makki, and Brittney Dillon. "Intelligent Territory - A responsive cooling tower and shading system for arid environments." In CAADRIA 2019: Intelligent & Informed. CAADRIA, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2019.2.571.

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Leverington, D. W. "Mapping surface cover using EO-1 Hyperion data: Ongoing studies in arid environments." In 2009 17th International Conference on Geoinformatics. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/geoinformatics.2009.5293186.

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Blarel, Fabien, Frederic Frappart, Eric Mougin, Catherine Ottle, Manuela Grippa, Guillaume Ramillien, and Nina Raoult. "Inversion of Surface Soil Moisture from Radar Altimetry Backscattering in Semi-Arid Environments." In IGARSS 2018 - 2018 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2018.8518637.

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Miller, Julianne J., Todd G. Caldwell, Michael H. Young, and Graham K. Dalldorf. "Verifying Curve Numbers in Arid Environments by Combining Detailed Geomorphic Mapping and Pedotransfer Functions." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2008. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40976(316)342.

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Reports on the topic "Arid environments"

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Doerr, T. B., and M. C. Landin. Recommended Species for Vegetative Stabilization of Training Lands in Arid and Semi-Arid Environments. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada161551.

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S. E. Rawlinson. Alternative Landfill Cover and Monitoring Systems for Landfills in Arid Environments. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/808245.

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Nimz, G., M. W. Caffee, and J. McAninch. Hydrologic and geochemical controls on the transport of radionuclides in natural undisturbed arid environments as determined by accelerator mass spectrometry measurements. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15013403.

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Nimz, Gregory J., Marc W. Caffee, and Jeffrey McAninch. Hydrologic and Geochemical Controls on the Transport of Radionuclides in Natural Undisturbed Arid Environments as Determined by Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Measurements. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/827420.

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Nimz, G. J., M. W. Caffee, R. C. Finkel, and J. E. McAninch. Hydrologic and geochemical controls on the transport of radionuclides in natural undisturbed arid environments as determined by accelerator mass spectrometry measurements. 1997 annual progress report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/13540.

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Nimz, G., M. Caffee, R. Finkel, and J. McAninch. Hydrologic and geochemical controls on the transport of radionuclides in natural undisturbed arid environments as determined by accelerator mass spectrometry measurements. 1998 annual progress report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/13541.

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Bonfil, David J., Daniel S. Long, and Yafit Cohen. Remote Sensing of Crop Physiological Parameters for Improved Nitrogen Management in Semi-Arid Wheat Production Systems. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7696531.bard.

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Abstract:
To reduce financial risk and N losses to the environment, fertilization methods are needed that improve NUE and increase the quality of wheat. In the literature, ample attention is given to grid-based and zone-based soil testing to determine the soil N available early in the growing season. Plus, information is available on in-season N topdressing applications as a means of improving GPC. However, the vast majority of research has focused on wheat that is grown under N limiting conditions in sub-humid regions and irrigated fields. Less attention has been given to wheat in dryland that is water limited. The objectives of this study were to: (1) determine accuracy in determining GPC of HRSW in Israel and SWWW in Oregon using on-combine optical sensors under field conditions; (2) develop a quantitative relationship between image spectral reflectance and effective crop physiological parameters; (3) develop an operational precision N management procedure that combines variable-rate N recommendations at planting as derived from maps of grain yield, GPC, and test weight; and at mid-season as derived from quantitative relationships, remote sensing, and the DSS; and (4) address the economic and technology-transfer aspects of producers’ needs. Results from the research suggest that optical sensing and the DSS can be used for estimating the N status of dryland wheat and deciding whether additional N is needed to improve GPC. Significant findings include: 1. In-line NIR reflectance spectroscopy can be used to rapidly and accurately (SEP <5.0 mg g⁻¹) measure GPC of a grain stream conveyed by an auger. 2. On-combine NIR spectroscopy can be used to accurately estimate (R² < 0.88) grain test weight across fields. 3. Precision N management based on N removal increases GPC, grain yield, and profitability in rainfed wheat. 4. Hyperspectral SI and partial least squares (PLS) models have excellent potential for estimation of biomass, and water and N contents of wheat. 5. A novel heading index can be used to monitor spike emergence of wheat with classification accuracy between 53 and 83%. 6. Index MCARI/MTVI2 promises to improve remote sensing of wheat N status where water- not soil N fertility, is the main driver of plant growth. Important features include: (a) computable from commercial aerospace imagery that include the red edge waveband, (b) sensitive to Chl and resistant to variation in crop biomass, and (c) accommodates variation in soil reflectance. Findings #1 and #2 above enable growers to further implement an efficient, low cost PNM approach using commercially available on-combine optical sensors. Finding #3 suggests that profit opportunities may exist from PNM based on information from on-combine sensing and aerospace remote sensing. Finding #4, with its emphasis on data retrieval and accuracy, enhances the potential usefulness of a DSS as a tool for field crop management. Finding #5 enables land managers to use a DSS to ascertain at mid-season whether a wheat crop should be harvested for grain or forage. Finding #6a expands potential commercial opportunities of MS imagery and thus has special importance to a majority of aerospace imaging firms specializing in the acquisition and utilization of these data. Finding #6b on index MCARI/MVTI2 has great potential to expand use of ground-based sensing and in-season N management to millions of hectares of land in semiarid environments where water- not N, is the main determinant of grain yield. Finding #6c demonstrates that MCARI/MTVI2 may alleviate the requirement of multiple N-rich reference strips to account for soil differences within farm fields. This simplicity will be less demanding of grower resources, promising substantially greater acceptance of sensing technologies for in-season N management.
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Robert W. Smith, F. Rick S. Colwell, Jani C. Ingram, F. Grant Ferris, Anna-Louise Reysenback, and Yoshiko Fujita. Calcite Precipitation and Trace Metal Partitioning in Groundwater and the Vadose Zone: Remediation of Strontium -90 and Other Divalent Metals and Radionuclides in Arid Western Environments. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/809800.

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F. Grant Ferris. Calcite Precipitation and Trace Metal Partitioning in Groundwater and the Vadose Zone: Remediation of Strontium-90 and Other Divalent Metals and Radionuclides in Arid Western Environments. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/809819.

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Smith, Robert W., F. ''Rick'' S. Colwell, Jani C. Ingram, F. Grant Ferris, and Anna-Louise Reysenbach. Calcite Precipitation and Trace Metal Partitioning in Groundwater and the Vadose Zone: Remediation of Strontium-90 and Other Divalent Metals and Radionuclides in Arid Western Environments. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/833667.

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