Academic literature on the topic 'Argument strucure'
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Journal articles on the topic "Argument strucure"
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Nakrowi, Zain Syaifudin, and Yeti Mulyati. "EVALUASI KUALITAS ARGUMEN PADA ARTIKEL JURNAL." LITERA 20, no. 1 (April 29, 2021): 86–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/ltr.v20i1.34287.
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Argumentasi sangat penting dalam artikel ilmiah. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan mengungkap kualitas argumentasi dalam artikel ilmiah pada jurnal dengan scope pendidikan bahasa Indonesia. Kualitas jurnal akan dievaluasi berdasarkan perspektif Toulmin. Evaluasi dipaparkan dalam pembagian kualitas argumentasi, struktur varian yang tampak dalam paragraf argumentasi, dan peringkat kualitas argumentasi pada jurnal terindeks sinta 2 sampai 6. Untuk mengungkap kualitas argumen tersebut, peneliti menggunakan pendekatan mixed method. Hasil temuan dari penelitian ini, pertama: secara umum kualitas argumen dalam artikel yang berfokus pada pendidikan bahasa Indonesia masih rendah. Argumen secara dominan disajikan dengan struktur P-D. Kedua, terdapat empat varian struktur argumen yang ditemukan, yaitu: P-D, P-D-J, P-D-T, dan P-D-J-T. Ketiga, kualitas argumen berdasarkan nilai rerata konversi menunjukkan jurnal terakreditasi sinta 2 memiliki kualitas masuk pada klasifikasi sedang. Sementara artikel pada jurnal terakreditasi 3, 4, 5, 6 dan tidak terakreditasi memiliki kualitas argumen tergolong pada kategori rendah.Kata kunci: kualitas argumen, wacana, perspektif toulminEVALUATING THE QUALITY ARGUMENT IN JOURNAL ARTICLESAbstrakArguments are very important in scientific articles. This study aims to reveal the quality of arguments in scientific articles in journals with the scope of Indonesian language education. The quality of the journal will be evaluated based on the Toulmin’s perspective. Evaluation is described in the division of argumentation quality, variant structure that appears in the argumentation paragraphs, and argumentation quality ratings in indexed journals 2 to 6. To reveal the quality of the arguments, the researcher uses a mixed method approach. The findings of this study are as follows. First: in general, the quality of the arguments in articles that focus on Indonesian language education is still low. The argument is predominantly presented with a P-D structure. Second, there are four variants of the argument structure found, namely: P-D, P-D-J, P-D-T, and P-D-J-T. Third, the quality of the argument based on the average conversion value shows that the Sinta 2 accredited journals have medium classification. Meanwhile, articles in accredited journals 3, 4, 5, 6 and un-accredited have the quality of their arguments in the low category.Keywords: quality of arguments, discourse, Toulmin's perspective
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Rahwan, Iyad, Bita Banihashemi, Chris Reed, Douglas Walton, and Sherief Abdallah. "Representing and classifying arguments on the Semantic Web." Knowledge Engineering Review 26, no. 4 (December 2011): 487–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269888911000191.
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AbstractUntil recently, little work has been dedicated to the representation and interchange of informal, semi-structured arguments of the type found in natural language prose and dialogue. To redress this, the research community recently initiated work towards an Argument Interchange Format (AIF). The AIF aims to facilitate the exchange of semi-structured arguments among different argument analysis and argumentation-support tools. In this paper, we present a Description Logic ontology for annotating arguments, based on a new reification of the AIF and founded in Walton's theory of argumentation schemes. We demonstrate how this ontology enables a new kind of automated reasoning over argument structures, which complements classical reasoning about argument acceptability. In particular, Web Ontology Language reasoning enables significantly enhanced querying of arguments through automatic scheme classifications, instance classification, inference of indirect support in chained argument structures, and inference of critical questions. We present the implementation of a pilot Web-based system for authoring and querying argument structures using the proposed ontology.
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Macagno, Fabrizio. "Esquemas de argumentação para a interpretação da lei." Teoria Jurídica Contemporânea 3, no. 2 (May 20, 2019): 73–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21875/tjc.v3i2.22710.
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RESUMO:Neste artigo demonstra-se como os esquemas argumentativos (esquemas que representam argumentos refutáveis, combinados com perguntas críticas correspondentes), podem ser usados para representar a estrutura lógica dos vários tipos de argumentos reconhecidos como fundamentais na interpretação da lei por Tarello (1980). Defende-se que o processo de interpretação da lei tem uma estrutura argumentativa distinta na qual a conclusão, nomeadamente o significado disputável ou questionado atribuído a uma fonte jurídica, é uma afirmação que necessita ser respaldada por argumentos refutáveis a favor ou contra. Esta transformação de argumentos de interpretação numa estrutura de esquemas argumentativos é analisada em detalhe em dois argumentos, o argumento psicológico e o argumento a contrario. A natureza refutável de cada esquema é demonstrada por meio de questões críticas que identificam as condições padrão para a aceitação de argumentos interpretativos e fornecem um método para avaliar a força ou a fraqueza de um determinado argumento. ABSTRACT:In this paper, the logical structures of the interpretative arguments summarizing the various interpretative canons considered fundamental by Tarello (1980) are represented by argumentation schemes, namely patterns of defeasible arguments combined with their corresponding critical questions. The process of statutory interpretation is shown to have a specific argumentative structure where the conclusion corresponds to the disputed or questionable meaning attributed to a legal source and needs to be supported and attacked through defeasible arguments. This translation of interpretative arguments into argumentation schemes is illustrated in detail considering two specific arguments, the psychological and the a contrario arguments. The defeasibility conditions of each scheme are summarized in a set of critical questions, which identify the default conditions for accepting interpretative arguments and provide a method for evaluating a given argument as weak or strong.
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Browne, Mitchell. "On the Integration of Dative Adjuncts into Event Structures in Yapa Languages." Languages 6, no. 3 (August 13, 2021): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages6030136.
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Warlpiri and Warlmanpa (Ngumpin-Yapa languages of Australia) exhibit a complex predicate construction in which a class of preverbs introduces a single argument that is not shared by the argument structure of the inflecting verb, nor is there necessarily any shared event structure. This is problematic for many theories of linking structures of complex predicates, since no arguments or events are shared between the predicative elements of the complex predicate. The same grammatical relation is instantiated by a beneficiary adjunct. In light of new research in event and argument structure, I propose a lexical rule which introduces an applicative argument to account for the beneficiary construction; and that the preverbs take another predicate as one of their arguments to account for the complex predicates. The applicative rule and the preverbs both introduce an argument of the same grammatical relation, leading to interesting interactions, given that two grammatical relations of the same type are not expected to co-occur within a single clause.
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XUE, NIANWEN, and MARTHA PALMER. "Adding semantic roles to the Chinese Treebank." Natural Language Engineering 15, no. 1 (January 2009): 143–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1351324908004865.
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AbstractWe report work on adding semantic role labels to the Chinese Treebank, a corpus already annotated with phrase structures. The work involves locating all verbs and their nominalizations in the corpus, and semi-automatically adding semantic role labels to their arguments, which are constituents in a parse tree. Although the same procedure is followed, different issues arise in the annotation of verbs and nominalized predicates. For verbs, identifying their arguments is generally straightforward given their syntactic structure in the Chinese Treebank as they tend to occupy well-defined syntactic positions. Our discussion focuses on the syntactic variations in the realization of the arguments as well as our approach to annotating dislocated and discontinuous arguments. In comparison, identifying the arguments for nominalized predicates is more challenging and we discuss criteria and procedures for distinguishing arguments from non-arguments. In particular we focus on the role of support verbs as well as the relevance of event/result distinctions in the annotation of the predicate-argument structure of nominalized predicates. We also present our approach to taking advantage of the syntactic structure in the Chinese Treebank to bootstrap the predicate-argument structure annotation of verbs. Finally, we discuss the creation of a lexical database of frame files and its role in guiding predicate-argument annotation. Procedures for ensuring annotation consistency and inter-annotator agreement evaluation results are also presented.
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ALotaibi, Yasir. "Shared Arguments in Modern Standard Arabic." International Journal of English Linguistics 8, no. 1 (October 27, 2017): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v8n1p164.
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This paper discusses shared arguments in coordinate structures in Modern Standard Arabic (MSA). It assumes that a shared argument between two conjuncts can be a subject or an object. The paper uses the lexical-functional grammar (LFG) framework for analyzing this kind of structure. In LFG, the two possible analyses for similar structures involve analyzing the shared argument as bearing two functions in the two conjuncts. The first analysis is the split analysis, where the shared argument is zipped to both conjuncts by assuming that the verb phrases in both conjuncts are split. The second analysis is function spreading, in which the function of the shared argument is spread from one conjunct to another. This paper argues that the previous analyses in LFG have faced some problems in accounting for this phenomenon in MSA. To solve these problems, this paper contributes a new analysis for shared arguments that involves analyzing the missing argument, whether it is a subject or an object, as a null argument.
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Said Al-Maamari, Faisal. "Argument Structure in Arabic and English: Re-assessing Purity and Redeeming Hybridity." International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 6, no. 4 (May 2, 2017): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.6n.4p.104.
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This study presents a contrastive rhetorical analysis of 20 argumentative Arabic and English editorials in argument structure. Samples were selected from two daily newspapers with equally wide distribution, and articles were written by their respective native writers. Both graphical and textual analyses captured the argument structure in terms of macro and micro arguments. A core finding is that the argument structure in the sampled editorials did not conform to the current predominant model of argument structure, which tended to polarize argument structure in terms of through or counter argumentation. The study contributes to the existing literature by defying the polarized traditional purity typology of argument structure frequently cited in the literature, and emphasizes a more dynamic hybrid model to understanding and analyzing arguments in general and in Arabic and English specifically. Additionally, the study of the professional genre of editorails has implications for academic writing and second language writing pedagogy by sensitizing foreign language learners to existing models of argument structure and possible ways to structure their arguments in the target language.
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Dudash, Tamara. "INSTRUMENTS OF LEGAL ARGUING AND LEGAL ARGUMENTATION IN VIEW OF THEORY OF LAW." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Law 73, no. 73 (November 30, 2021): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vla.2021.73.003.
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The article is dedicated to the general theoretic study of the instruments of legal arguing and legal argumentation. The author determines that the substantive instruments of legal arguing are the arguments, while the argument schemes and argumentation structures serve for the purpose of reconstruction and evaluation of legal argumentation. The lack of unified understanding of what is argument in foreign and national legal studies is stated, as well as the impossibility of exhaustive categorization of the arguments in law. The argument is the basic tool of legal arguing. According to C. Tindale, in European tradition the concept of argument encompasses both premises of the argument (argumentation) and its conclusion (standpoint, claim). The concept of argument is rather vague. The author highlights the correlation of the argument and explanation as well as the argument and proof. The reasons for the argument are rooted in the sources of law, that makes argumentation legal. In the argumentation theory, the notions of «argument scheme» and «argumentation structure» are used in addition to the concept of argument. Argument scheme is the internal argument structure. An argument scheme characterizes the type of justification or refutation provided for the standpoint in a single argument by the explicit premise for the standpoint. Argument structure is considered as an external structure of argumentation. It is defined as the way the reasons advanced hang together and jointly support the defended standpoint. There are singular and multiple argumentation structures. The singular argumentation consists of one argument for or against a standpoint. In case of multiple argumentation, few arguments are put forward for or against the same standpoint to predict and respond counterarguments of an opposite party of legal arguing. The procedural aspect of the instruments of legal arguing are the rules of legal arguing. The procedural means of legal arguing are its procedural rules which depend on an area of legal activity where the argumentation is provided as well as on the peculiarities of the argumentative situation. On the one hand, there are procedural rules of legal arguing in any legal system, for instance, legal rules governing the procedures of debates in a parliament, court system, hearing in the Constitutional Court. On the other hand, there are doctrinal rules of critical discussion, of general and legal discourses, elaborated within the argumentation theory and the legal argumentation theory.
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Rast, Erich. "Towards a Model of Argument Strength for Bipolar Argumentation Graphs." Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric 55, no. 1 (September 1, 2018): 31–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/slgr-2018-0027.
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Abstract Bipolar argument graphs represent the structure of complex pro and contra arguments for one or more standpoints. In this article, ampliative and exclusionary principles of evaluating argument strength in bipolar acyclic argumentation graphs are laid out and compared to each other. Argument chains, linked arguments, link attackers and supporters, and convergent arguments are discussed. The strength of conductive arguments is also addressed but it is argued that more work on this type of argument is needed to properly distinguish argument strength from more general value-based components of such arguments. The overall conclusion of the article is that there is no justifiably unique solution to the problem of argument strength outside of a particular epistemological framework.
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Toop, Alison. "Is Marriage Incompatible with Political Liberalism?" Journal of Moral Philosophy 16, no. 3 (June 12, 2019): 302–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17455243-20180007.
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This paper examines three arguments that claim marriage, as a political institution, is incompatible with political liberalism. These arguments are drawn from Elizabeth Brake 1 and Clare Chambers. 2 My purpose here is to determine which, if any, of the arguments show marriage to be incompatible with political liberalism. The “Neutrality Argument” claims that the political institution of marriage violates the political liberal principle of neutrality. I claim that no such violation occurs. The “Unjustified Discrimination Argument” alleges that marriage involves the state in unjustified discrimination. I suggest there are grounds for the differential treatment identified. The “Public Reason Argument” argues that marriage, as it is currently structured, violates the political liberal principle of public reason. I claim that its current structure can be justified by appeal to public reasons. I therefore conclude that none of these arguments successfully demonstrate that marriage is incompatible with political liberalism.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Argument strucure"
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Henadeerage, Kumara, and kumara henadeerage@anu edu au. "Topics in Sinhala Syntax." The Australian National University. Faculty of Arts, 2002. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20060426.142352.
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This study is a detailed investigation of a number of issues in colloquial
Sinhala morphosyntax. These issues primarily concern grammatical relations,
argument structure, phrase structure and focus constructions. The
theoretical framework of this study is Lexical Functional Grammar.¶Chapter
1 introduces the issues to be discussed, followed by a brief introduction
of some essential aspects of colloquial Sinhala as background for the
discussion in the following chapters. In Chapter 2 we present basic
concepts of the theoretical framework of Lexical Functional Grammar.¶ The
next three chapters mainly concern grammatical relations, argument
structure and clause structure in colloquial Sinhala. Chapter 3 examines
grammatical relations. The main focus lies in establishing the subject
grammatical relation in terms of various subjecthood diagnostics. We show
that only a very small number of diagnostics are reliable, and that the
evidence for subject is weaker than assumed previously. All the subjecthood
diagnostics that were examined select the most prominent argument in the
argument structure as the subject, i.e. 'logical subject'. However, there
appear to be no processes in the language that are sensitive to the subject
in the grammatical relations structure, i.e. 'gr-subject'. Further, there
is no evidence for other grammatical relations like objects. In Chapter 4
we discuss the agentless construction and related valency alternation
phenomena. It was previously assumed that the agentless construction,
valency alternation phenomena and the involitive construction are all
related. We argue that the agentless construction should be treated as a
different construction from the involitive construction. We also show that
the agentless construction and the involitive construction have contrasting
characteristics, and that treatment of them as separate constructions can
account for some phenomena which did not receive an explanation previously.
The valency alternation phenomena are related to the agentless
construction, therefore there is no valency alternation in involitive
constructions. It will be shown that verbs undergoing the valency
alternation can be distinguished from the other verbs in terms of the
lexical semantic properties of individual verbs. Chapter 5 examines the
structure of non-verbal sentences in terms of a number of morphosyntactic
phenomena. It was previously argued that verbal sentences and non-verbal
sentences in colloquial Sinhala differ in terms of clause structure.
However, the present study shows evidence to the contrary.¶ The next two
chapters deal with modelling contrastive focus and the phrase structure of
the language. Chapter 6 is a detailed analysis of the contrastive focus
(cleft) construction in various clause types in the language, and proposes
a unified syntactic treatment of contrastive focus. Contrastive focus is in
some constructions morphologically encoded, while in others it involves
both morphological and configurational assignment of focus. The complex
interaction between focus markers and verb morphology in various focus
constructions is accounted for by general well-formedness conditions
applying to the f-structure, and the principles of Functional Uncertainty
and Morphological Blocking. In Chapter 7, we discuss the phrase structure
of the language, in particular such issues as its non-configurational
nature and the lack of evidence for VP. We propose non-configurational S
and some functional projections to account for word order freedom under S
and to explain certain morphosyntactic phenomena, such as configurational
focus assignment. Finally, Chapter 8 summarises the conclusions made in
previous chapters.
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Moretti, Fabiana Cristina Baldim Lopes. "Os verbos de transferência/movimento no PB e a expressão do objeto indireto. Revisitando a noção de estrutura argumental à luz da morfologia distribuída." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-14062011-143152/.
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Os verbos que expressam eventos de transferência/movimento no PB são formados a partir de Raízes que envolvem, em sua semântica, um agente, um elemento transferido/movido e um recebedor/alvo. Geralmente, esses verbos formam construções sintáticas ditransitivas, em que o agente é expresso por meio do sujeito, o elemento transferido/movido por meio de um objeto direto e o recebedor/alvo por meio de um objeto indireto. Nesses contextos sintáticos, o objeto indireto tem suscitado, na literatura pertinente, algumas discussões sobre sua natureza, como: argumento ou adjunto, e, ainda, complemento dativo ou complemento oblíquo. Essas discussões demonstram a indefinição do estatuto sintático-semântico desse elemento para as teorias linguísticas. Entendemos que essas discussões estão ligadas à concepção de estrutura da gramática assumida pelos diferentes pesquisadores e, também, ao modo como estes entendem que as noções de estrutura argumental e de estrutura sintática interagem dentro dessa concepção. Em outras palavras, o debate surge, pois, na caracterização da relação gramatical do objeto indireto com o verbo, é fundamental que o pesquisador disponha de uma teoria da estrutura argumental que lhe permita estabelecer o mapeamento e o licenciamento dos argumentos na sintaxe. Assumimos, neste trabalho, a estrutura da gramática tal como esta é concebida pela Morfologia Distribuída (Distribuited Morphology, doravante, DM) (Halle & Marantz 1993). Segundo a DM, os morfemas são constituídos por traços sintáticosemânticos disponibilizados pela Gramática Universal. Os verbos consistem de morfemas-l (Raízes) em determinadas relações estruturais com morfemas-f, licenciadores de estruturas sintáticas de natureza verbal. Não pressupondo um mapeamento determinístico das propriedades semânticas das Raízes na sintaxe, a DM consegue explicar a possibilidade de um mesmo verbo ocorrer em mais de uma estrutura sintática, sem precisar recorrer, por exemplo, a duas entradas lexicais para esse mesmo verbo. Dessa forma, constitui-se em um modelo mais vantajoso para explicar fenômenos relacionados à estrutura argumental e à realização de argumentos do que modelos baseados na entrada lexical, o que justifica nossa opção teórica. Além disso, essa teoria nos permite participar das discussões mencionadas acima sobre o objeto indireto. Assumimos que esse elemento tem o estatuto de argumento dos verbos de transferência/movimento (VT/M) no PB, sendo um complemento dativo. Pressupostos como a inserção tardia de fonologia em Spell-Out (uma operação póssintática) e a subespecificação do item de vocabulário, assinaladas pela DM, dão conta de explicar os casos em que o objeto indireto não é realizado fonologicamente, ocorrendo na estrutura sintática como um argumento nulo anafórico ou como um argumento implícito sem referência anafórica, bem como os casos em que esse elemento não ocorre na estrutura sintática derivada pelo verbo dar.Verbs which express transfer/motion events in Brazilian Portuguese are formed by Roots that involve, in their semantics, an agent, a transferred/motioned element and a receiver/goal. In general, these verbs form ditransitive syntactic constructions, in which the agent is expressed through the subject, the transferred/motioned element through de direct object and the receiver/goal through the indirect object. In these syntactic contexts, the indirect object has aroused, in the relevant literature, some discussions about its nature: argument or adjunct, and, yet, dative complement or oblique complement. These discussions show the indefinition of the syntactic-semantic status of this element inside linguistic theories. We understand that these discussions are connected to the conception of grammar structure assumed by the different researchers, and, also, to the way they understand argument structure and syntactic structure interact inside this conception. In other words, the debate arises for, in the characterization of the grammatical relation of the indirect object with the verb, it is crucial that the researcher has an argument structure theory that allows him to establish the arguments mapping and licensing in syntax. In this research, we assume the Distributed Morphologys (DM) (Halle & Marantz 1993) grammar structure. According to DM, morphemes consist of syntacticsemantic features supplied by the Universal Grammar. Verbs consist of l-morphemes (Roots) in specific structural relations with f-morphemes, which license verbal syntactic structures. Since DM does not presupposes a deterministic Roots semantic properties mapping in syntax, it gets to explain how is it possible that one verb occur in more than one syntactic structure, without needing to appeal to two lexical entries for this same verb, for example. Thus, DM is a more advantageous model to explain argument structure and argument realization related phenomenon than lexical entry based models, what justifies our theoretical choice. Furthermore, this theory allows us to take part in the discussions listed above about the indirect object. We assume that this element is an argument of the transfer/motion verbs in Brazilian Portuguese and that it is a dative complement. Assumptions like phonology late insertion in Spell-Out (a pos-syntactic operation) and vocabulary item specification, pointed out by DM, get to explain the cases in which the indirect object is not phonologically realized, and occur in the syntactic structure as an anaphoric null argument, or as an implicit argument, without anaphoric reference. Besides that, these theoretical resources also get to explain the cases in which this element does not occur in the syntactic structure derived by the verb give.
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Grahek, Sabina. "Argument structure in Slovene." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.438579.
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DIAS, RONALDO SOUZA. "TWO CLASSES OF PRACTICAL ARGUMENTS: THE PRACTICAL ARGUMENT STRUCTURE FROM THE VISION OF STEPHEN TOULMIN AND JOSEPH RAZ." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2012. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=21597@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROA distinção entre argumentar a partir de regra, e argumentar quando não há regra, é retomada para elucidar alguns aspectos da atividade justificatória no âmbito legal. A referida distinção encontrou em Rawls um porta-voz que realçou de modo incisivo sua importância para a prática legal. Antes dele, porém, Hume, Mill, Ryle e Toulmin, entre outros, já haviam tecido considerações relevantes ao tema. A distinção serve de motivação para dividir o campo da argumentação prática, particularmente da argumentação jurídica, em duas classes, a saber, argumentos de primeira e de segunda ordem. Nos argumentos de segunda ordem, uma regra atua na forma descrita no modelo de Toulmin. Nos argumentos de primeira ordem, caracterizados pela ausência de regra, procede-se mediante ponderação de razões, substanciadas em princípios gerais, valores morais, interesses políticos, programas econômicos, considerações religiosas e pretensões corporativas. Alguns exemplos ilustram a distinção. Argumenta-se que a base lógica dessa distinção assenta-se no conceito de regra como razão excludente, no sentido estabelecido por Joseph Raz.
The distinction between justify a conclusion from rule and justify it when no rule is resumed to elucidate some aspects of legal activity. This distinction found in Rawls a spokesman that incisively pointed out its importance for the legal practice. Before him, however, Hume (A Treatise of Human Nature), Mill (A System of Logic), Ryle (The Concept of Mind) and Toulmin (The Uses of Argument), among others, had already made relevant considerations to the topic. The distinction serves as motivation to split the field of argumentation practice, particularly of the legal argument, into two classes, namely, arguments of first and second order. In the arguments of second order, a rule operates in the manner described in the Toulmin model, in the arguments of the first order, characterized by the absence of rule, by weighting of reasons, substantiated on general principles, moral values, political interests, religious considerations and corporate claims. Some examples illustrate the distinction. It is argued that the logical basis of this distinction is based on the concept of rule as exclusionary reason, within the meaning established by Joseph Raz.
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Darteni, Silvia. "Italian parasynthetic verbs : argument structure." Thesis, Paris 8, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA080073/document.
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La thèse porte sur la structure argumentale des verbes parasynthétiques italiens. Elle s'intéresse En particulier à deux sous-groupes : les dénominaux dont la paraphrase est « faire devenir S », où S est le substantif de base (appelés BN); et les désadjectivaux dont la paraphrase est « faire quelque chose plus A », où A est l'adjective de base (appelés DPV). Les deux types de verbes posent des questions très différentes, mais liées à la question de la syntaxe lexicale : les premiers forment une construction seconde inattendue dans le domaine roman ; les deuxièmes peuvent générer deuxlectures aspectuelles (stative et événementiel) même en étant causatifs.La thèse s'ouvre avec des chapitres de caractère général. Le premier plaide pour une amélioration des méthodes de collecte de données dans le domaine génératif. Les deuxième et troisième chapitres décrivent les cadres formels pertinents ainsi que la parasynthèse.La première partie de la thèse porte sur les BN. Au moyen de tests conduits sur des locuteurs natifs de l'italien, elle affirme et analyse l'acceptabilité de la construction pseudo-résultative en italien. Cette enquête se poursuit par une comparaison avec les données du français, qui se comporte différemment. La deuxième partie s'ouvre avec une réflexion sur les diagnostics de la stativité, et se poursuit avec l'analyse des DPVs. En particulier, le concept de causalité stative est analysé et traduit dans la théorie de la causalité de force-dynamics.Enfin, une application au TALN des diagnostics de stativité est décrite dans le dernier chapitre. L'importance de l'identification précise de la stativité est éclaircieThe present dissertation investigates the argument structure of two groups of Italian parasyntheticverbs: denominal verbs paraphrased as "make X become N", where N is the base noun (henceforth BN); adjectival verbs paraphrased as "make X more A", where A is the base adjective. The two groups present different issues linked to the lexical syntax, the former can participate in a secondary predication that is unexpected for Romance languages; the latter can receive two aspectual readings (stative and eventive) which are both causative.The dissertation starts with three chapters of general interest. The first one describes new experimental methods that can be employed in generative linguistics. The second and third one describe useful frameworks and the morphological process of parasynthesis.The first part of the dissertation analyses BNs. It is shown by means of several experiments that Italian native speakers accept the pseudo-resultative construction. Results of a comparative study with French are reported and show that French behaves differently to Italian in this respect.4The second part analyses stativity diagnostics and apply them in the study of DPVs. It gives account for the causal stativity in the force-dynamic framework.The last chapter applies stativity diagnostics in the natural language processing domain
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Rosen, Sara Thomas. "Argument structure and complex predicates." New York : Garland publ, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35690826v.
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Xiong, Yiting. "La expresión de la causatividad en español y en chino: en la interfaz léxico-sintáctica." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670985.
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La causativitat, un concepte que es repeteix en diferents llengües, sempre ha estat un punt d’interès per a la lingüística generativa, que ha intentat analitzar la forma en què aquesta s’expressa en les diferents llengües. El present treball té com a objecte d’estudi els verbs causatius i les construccions causatives de l’espanyol i del xinès, amb la finalitat d’indagar en les seves distribucions i les seves propietats, així com de descriure i resumir els punts tant convergents com divergents entre les dues llengües, als quals intentem donar explicacions des del punt de vista de l’estructura argumental. Al mateix temps, també es fa una aproximació a les qüestions més discutides de la causativitat a la interfície lèxico-sintàctica. El treball es porta a terme des d’una perspectiva neoconstruccionista, amb el patró d’anàlisi basat en la teoria de l’estructura argumental de Hale i Keyser (1993) i Mateu (2002), la Morfologia Distribuïda proposta per Halle i Marantz (1993), el tractament de la v petita de Cuervo (2003), la Hipòtesi del nucli Veu de Kratzer (1996) i la teoria del nucli Aplicatiu de Pylkkänen (2002).
Amb l’anàlisi que presentem, es conclou que les dues llengües tenen divergències importants en l’expressió de la causativitat. D’una banda, en la distribució, la manera més freqüent de l’espanyol correspon als verbs morfològics, mentre que en xinès els verbs compostos constitueixen la forma més recurrent. Això es deu a la diferència tipològica entre les dues llengües: l’espanyol, com a llengua flexiva, té la derivació com un procediment important en la formació de paraules; en canvi, el xinès, sent una llengua aïllant, es caracteritza per tenir nombroses paraules compostes. D’altra banda, en l’estructura, les construccions causatives de l’espanyol presenten més variants, mentre que l’ordre de paraules de les construccions causatives del xinès és més fix. La raó és que en el cas de l’espanyol el verb causatiu hacer i el verb en infinitiu poden formar un predicat complex, però en el cas del xinès el verb subordinat pertany a una predicació completa. O, millor dit, la mida de l’estructura del predicat subordinat difereix entre les dues llengües: el de l’espanyol és Sv i el de l’xinès és SComp. Això també confirma la natura sintètica de l’espanyol i la analiticitat del xinès, ja que una característica d’aquest darrer consisteix que els nuclis funcionals són massa febles com per desencadenar desplaçaments; per exemple, el verb causatiu shi no pot desencadenar el desplaçament del verb subordinat.La causatividad, un concepto que se repite en diferentes lenguas, siempre ha sido un punto de interés para la lingüística generativa, que ha intentado analizar la forma en que esta se expresa en las distintas lenguas. El presente trabajo tiene como objeto de estudio los verbos causativos y las construcciones causativas del español y del chino, con la finalidad de indagar en sus distribuciones y sus propiedades, así como de describir y resumir los puntos tanto convergentes como divergentes entre las dos lenguas, a los cuales intentamos dar explicaciones desde el punto de vista de la estructura argumental. Al mismo tiempo, también se hace una aproximación a las cuestiones más discutidas de la causatividad en la interfaz léxico-sintáctica. El trabajo se lleva a cabo desde una perspectiva neoconstruccionista, con el patrón de análisis basado en la teoría de estructura argumental de Hale y Keyser (1993) y Mateu (2002), la Morfología Distribuida propuesta por Halle y Marantz (1993), el tratamiento de la v pequeña de Cuervo (2003), la Hipótesis del núcleo Voz de Kratzer (1996) y la teoría del núcleo Aplicativo de Pylkkänen (2002). Con el análisis del trabajo concluimos que las dos lenguas tienen divergencias importantes en la expresión de la causatividad. Por un lado, en la distribución, la manera más abundante del español corresponde a los verbos morfológicos, mientras que en chino los verbos compuestos constituyen la forma más recurrente. Esto se debe a la diferencia tipológica entre las dos lenguas: el español, como una lengua flexiva, tiene la derivación como un procedimiento importante en la formación de palabras; en cambio, el chino, siendo una lengua aislante, se caracteriza por tener numerosas palabras compuestas. Por otra parte, en la estructura, las construcciones causativas del español presentan más variantes, mientras que el orden de palabras de las construcciones causativas del chino es más fijo. La razón reside en que en el caso del español el verbo causativo hacer y el verbo en infinitivo pueden formar un predicado complejo, pero en el caso del chino el verbo subordinado pertenece a una predicación completa. O, mejor dicho, el tamaño de la estructura del predicado subordinado difiere entre las dos lenguas, consideramos que el del español es Sv y el del chino es SComp. Esto también confirma la sinteticidad del español y la analiticidad del chino, puesto que una característica del último consiste en que los núcleos funcionales son débiles como para desencadenar desplazamientos, por ejemplo, el verbo causativo shi no puede desencadenar el desplazamiento del verbo subordinado.
The causation, a concept that is repeated in different languages, has always been a point of interest for generative linguistics, which has tried to analyze the way in which it is expressed in different languages. The object of this study is to analyze the causative verbs and the causative constructions of Spanish and Chinese, in order to investigate their distributions and properties, as well as to describe and summarize both the convergent and divergent points between the two languages, to which we try to give explanations from the point of view of the argument structure. At the same time, an approach is also made to the most controversial questions of causation at the lexical-syntactic interface. The work is carried out from a neoconstructionist perspective, with the analysis pattern based on the semantic-relational structure theory of Hale and Keyser (1993) and Mateu (2002), the Distributed Morphology proposed by Halle and Marantz (1993), the treatment of the little v of Cuervo (2003), the Kratzer’s Voice Hypothesis (1996) and the theory of Applicative proposed by Pylkkänen (2002). With the analysis of the work we conclude that the two languages have important divergences in the expression of causation. On the one hand, in the distribution, the most abundant form of Spanish corresponds to morphological verbs, while in Chinese compound verbs are the most recurrent form. This is due to the typological difference between the two languages: Spanish, as an inflectional language, has derivation as an important procedure in word formation; instead, Chinese, being an isolating language, is characterized by having numerous compound words. On the other hand, in the structure, the causative constructions in Spanish present more variants, while the word order of the causative constructions in Chinese is more fixed. The reason is that in the case of Spanish the causative verb hacer and the infinitive verb can form a complex predicate, but in the case of Chinese the subordinate verb belongs to a complete predication. Or rather, the size of the subordinate predicate structure differs between the two languages, we consider that of Spanish is vP and that of Chinese is CP. This also confirms the syntheticity of Spanish and the analyticity of Chinese, since a characteristic of the latter is that the functional heads are not strong enough to trigger displacements, for example, the causative verb shi cannot trigger the displacement of the subordinate verb.
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Crespí, Riutort Isabel. "Aspecte i estructura argumental en les construccions passives del català." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670459.
Full textAbstract:
En aquesta tesi ens proposem identificar i analitzar les diferents construccions passives del català i fer una proposta formal que permeti analitzar de manera unificada les passives de diferents llengües. Seguint Embick (2004), identifiquem tres tipus de construccions passives en català: eventives, resultatives i estatives. Ara bé, modifiquen la definició de la passiva estativa que proposa Embick i considerem que és la passiva que es forma a partir de verbs estatius. En aquest sentit, considerem estatius els verbs que expressen estats kimians (Maienborn 2005).
Desenvolupem la proposta d’anàlisi des de la perspectiva neoconstruccionista que sosté que la sintaxi interna del SV determina la seva estructura eventiva i la interpretació temàtica dels seus arguments, concebuts com rols eventius que adquireix un argument en funció de la seva posició en l’estructura. D’acord amb aquests supòsits, assumim que l’aspecte lèxic es deriva configuracionalment a partir de l’estructura eventiva. La contribució més important d’aquesta tesi és una nova perspectiva en l’anàlisi de les construccions passives com a patrons de lexicalització de l’estructura eventiva en un model nanosintàctic com el de Ramchand (2008, 2018).En esta tesis nos proponemos identificar y analizar las diferentes construcciones pasivas del catalán y hacer una propuesta formal que permita analizar de manera unificada las pasivas de diferentes lenguas. Siguiendo a Embick (2004), identificamos tres tipos de construcciones pasivas en catalán: eventivas, resultativas y estativas. Sin embargo, modificamos la definición de la pasiva estativa que propone Embick y consideramos que es la pasiva que se forma a partir de verbos estativos. En este sentido, consideramos estativos los verbos que expresan estados kimianos (Maienborn 2005). Desarrollamos la propuesta de análisis desde la perspectiva neoconstruccionista que sostiene que la sintaxis interna del SV determina su estructura eventiva y la interpretación temática de sus argumentos, concebidos como roles eventivos que adquiere un argumento en función de su posición en la estructura. De acuerdo con estos supuestos, asumimos que el aspecto léxico se deriva configuracionalmente a partir de la estructura eventiva. La contribución más importante de esta tesis es que constituye una nueva perspectiva del análisis de las construcciones pasivas como patrones de lexicalización de la estructura eventiva en un modelo nanosintáctico como el de Ramchand (2008, 2018).
This dissertation aims at identifying and analysing different passive constructions in Catalan and providing a unified proposal to analyse passives cross-linguistically. In this respect, following Embick (2004), we identify three different passive constructions in Catalan: eventive, resultative and stative. However, we modify the definition of the so-called stative passive: it is the passive structure created from stative verbs. Specifically, we consider verbs that express Kimian states (Maienborn 2005) to be stative. We conduct our research from the neoconstructionist view that the internal syntax of the VP determines its formal event structure and the thematic interpretation of its arguments, conceived as entailments from event structure. Consequently, we assume that lexical aspect is configurationally derived from event structure. The key contribution of this dissertation is a new outlook on the formation of passive structures as lexicalisation patterns of event structure in a nanosyntactic model such as the one presented in Ramchand (2008, 2018).
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Calindro, Ana Regina Vaz. "Introduzindo argumentos: uma proposta para as sentenças ditransitivas do português brasileiro." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8142/tde-01032016-154938/.
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O objetivo desta tese é discutir uma mudança diacrônica na introdução dos argumentos indiretos das sentenças ditransitivas do português brasileiro (PB). Desde o século XIX, o PB iniciou uma reanálise das estratégias possíveis para a introdução de seus objetos indiretos (OI), generalizando o uso da preposição lexical para em detrimento da preposição a, nos contextos de verbos ditransitivos de movimento, transferência e criação dar, enviar, preparar, respectivamente. Ao mesmo tempo em que essa mudança ocorreu, a expressão morfológica do argumento dativo representada pelo clítico dativo de terceira pessoa lhe(s) também foi substituída por outras estratégias, tais como objetos pronominais para / a ele(s)/ ela(s) (cf. Gomes, 2003; Freire, 2005; Torres Morais & Berlinck, 2006, 2007; Torres Morais & Salles 2010). Com o intuito de apresentar uma análise abrangente desse processo de mudança histórica no PB, analisei um corpus jornalístico composto por 223 primeiras capas da Folha de São Paulo escritas entre as décadas de 1920 e 2010, recolhidas do livro 90 anos de história nas capas mais importantes da Folha. Dessa forma, o PB não possui mais a expressão de caso dativo, nem através da preposição funcional a, nem do clítico dativo lhe(s), portanto assumo nesta tese que, diferentemente do PE, a introdução dos argumentos indiretos em PB não pode ser feita através de núcleos aplicativos. Assim sendo, o PB passou de um tipo de língua que apresentava evidência de Caso dativo para uma variante na qual apenas Caso oblíquo é atribuído ao OI por meio de preposições transitivas lexicais. Desse modo, proponho que os argumentos indiretos em PB são introduzidos por uma projeção pP (cf. Svenonius 2003, 2004, 2007; Wood 2012).The aim of this paper is to discuss a diachronic change in the introduction of indirect arguments in Brazilian Portuguese (BP). Since the 19th century, BP has initiated a reanalysis of the possible strategies to head indirect objects (IO) by generalizing the use of the full preposition para to instead of the preposition a in ditransitive sentences with verbs of movement, transfer and creation as dar give, enviar send and preparar prepare, respectively. Alongside with the substitution of the prepositions stated above, the morphological notation of the dative argument - represented by the third person clitic lhe(s) has also been replaced by other strategies, such as 3rd person pronouns preceded by para - para ele(s)/ ela(s) to him/ her/ them (cf. Gomes, 2003; Freire,2005; Torres Morais & Berlinck, 2006, 2007; Torres Morais & Salles 2010). Hence, in order to make a more thorough analysis of this historical change in BP, I analyzed a corpus of first pages from a Brazilian newspaper, Folha de São Paulo collected in the monograph 90 anos de história nas capas mais importantes da Folha (90 years of History through the most important cover pages of Folha), which spans the 20th century with 223 covers from 1920 to 2010. Hence, as BP cannot express the dative case anymore, nor via a functional preposition, nor by its morphologic counterpart (the dative clitic lhe), it has also lost the possibility of introducing dative elements in its argument structure by an applicative head. Thus, BP has shifted from a type of language which has evidence for Case, as EP, to one where Case is assigned via lexical prepositions. Consequently, I assume that the indirect arguments in BP are always headed by a lexical preposition and are introduced in the argument structure via a p head (cf. Svenonius 2003, 2004, 2007 and Wood 2012).
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Armelin, Paula Roberta Gabbai. "Sentenças bitransitivas do português do Brasil revisitas à luz da teoria de núcleos funcionais aplicativos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-04052011-142215/.
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Este trabalho revisita as sentenças bitransitivas do Português do Brasil (PB) a partir de dois aspectos que consideramos ser fundamentais para descrever e explicar a bitransitividade nessa língua: (a) a possibilidade de alternância entre as preposições a e para na introdução do elemento indireto e (b) a possibilidade de alternância na ordem dos complementos do predicado verbal. Nesse mesmo sentido, surgem como questão os dados do dialeto falado no português da Zona da Mata Mineira (PBM), já atestado e investigado em Scher (1996), em que verificamos a possibilidade de omissão da preposição, mas uma manutenção da possibilidade de alternância da ordem dos complementos verbais. Para dar conta do primeiro aspecto em questão, apoiamo-nos na proposta de núcleos funcionais Aplicativos introdutores de argumento nos moldes de Pylkkänen (2002). A escolha teórica se justifica pelo fato de a presença da preposição a gerar sentenças não-ambíguas em que uma relação semântica de transferência de posse, representada por um Aplicativo Baixo, nos termos de Pylkkänen (2002), é estabelecida entre os dois complementos verbais. A escolha da preposição para, por outro lado, gera sentenças ambíguas entre essa mesma relação de transferência de posse e o estabelecimento de uma espécie de beneficiário do evento, esse último representado por um Aplicativo Alto, também nos termos de Pylkkänen (2002). A partir daí, propomos que os argumentos de um verbo bitransitivo são inseridos via uma projeção funcional que licencia ambos os elementos e estabelece a relação semântica adequada entre eles. Para o PB, a nossa proposta é a de que a preposição seja a realização fonológica do núcleo da projeção Aplicativa. Mais especificamente para a variante do PBM, a nossa análise é a de que o mesmo núcleo Aplicativo esteja presente, sem a realização fonológica da preposição, mas com a mesma constituição de traços formais das sentenças do PB. A hipótese que daí se segue é que uma operação morfológica, sem consequências sintáticas, seja responsável pela ausência dessa preposição. Um modelo teórico separacionista, em que a sintaxe trabalha com traços formais e não fonológicos e em que a inserção de fonologia acontece depois de operações sintáticas e morfológicas, tal como a Morfologia Distribuída (Halle & Marantz, 1993), surge, então, como perspectiva de análise. Para dar conta da possibilidade de alternância na ordem dos complementos em sentenças bitransitivas do PB e do PBM, propomos, então, que aspectos informacionais sejam responsáveis pelo licenciamento dessas estruturas. Sugerimos, com Scher (1996), que a ordem VPPNP, no PB e, possivelmente, VNPNP, no PBM, em entonação normal, revela o caráter de Tópico do elemento colocado entre o verbo e o objeto direto e, assim, finalizamos nossa proposta apoiadas em Armelin (2009), em especial, no quadro teórico do modelo cartográfico, nos moldes de Rizzi (1997) e Belletti (2002). Esses autores, explodindo respectivamente CP e a periferia de VP, encontram aí crucialmente posições informacionais de Foco e Tópico. A nossa proposta, nesse sentido, é a de que o aspecto informacional, a saber, a movimentação de um elemento para a posição de especificador da projeção de Tópico, será responsável pelo licenciamento da ordem VPPNP nos dados do PB.This work revisits ditransitive sentences in Brazilian Portuguese (BP) guided by two fundamental aspects on the description and explanation of the ditransitivity in this language: (a) the possibility of the alternation between the prepositions a (to) and para (for) in the introduction of the indirect element and (b) the possibility of alternation in the order of the verbal predicate complements. In this sense, the data of a Brazilian dialect spoken at the Zona da Mata Mineira (PBM), attested and investigated in Scher (1996), emerge as a question. In this dialect it is possible to omit the preposition even if the possibility of verbal complements order alternation is maintained. The investigation of the first aspect is based in the theory of functional Applicative heads proposed by Pylkkänen (2002). This theoretical choice is justified by the fact that the a (to) preposition creates non ambiguous sentences in which a semantic relation of possession transference, represented by a Low Applicative (Pylkkänen, 2002), is established between the two complements of a ditransitive predicate. The presence of the para (for) preposition, creates ambiguous sentences between the possession transference relation and the establishment of an event beneficiary, this last one represented, in Pylkkänen (2002), by a High Applicative. This work proposes that the arguments of a ditransitive predicate is inserted by a functional projection that licenses both elements and performs the right semantic relation between then. For the PB, its proposed that the preposition is the head of such functional projection. Specifically for the PBM data, this work proposes that the very same functional projection is present, without the phonological realization of the preposition, but with the same morphosyntactic traces constitution. A morphological operation, without syntactic consequences, is responsible for the absence of this preposition The investigation of the possible alternation in the order of the complements in the PB and PBM ditransitive sentences is based on informational aspects. It is suggested, with Scher (1996), that de VPPNP order revels the Topic function of the element located between the verb and the direct object. The structre proposed to this word order is based in the cartographic model, specifically in Rizzi (1997) and Belletti (2002). These authors, exploding CP and the periphery of VP respectively, propose the existence of informational positions, like Focus and Topic. Our hypothesis, then, is that the movement of an element to the Topic specifier position is responsible for the grammaticality of the order VPPNP in BP data.
Books on the topic "Argument strucure"
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Argument structure. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 1990.
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Reuland, Eric J., Tanmoy Bhattacharya, and Giorgos Spathas, eds. Argument Structure. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/la.108.
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Freeman, James B. Argument Structure:. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0357-5.
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Freeman, James B. Dialectics and the macrostructure of arguments: A theory of argument structure. Berlin ; New York: Foris Publications, 1991.
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Du Bois, John W., Lorraine E. Kumpf, and William J. Ashby, eds. Preferred Argument Structure. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sidag.14.
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Haisty, Winchell Donna, ed. Structure of argument. 7th ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martins, 2011.
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The structure of argument. 4th ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2003.
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Haisty, Winchell Donna, ed. The structure of argument. 6th ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2009.
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The structure of argument. 3rd ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2000.
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Mohanan, Tara. Argument structure in Hindi. Stanford, Calif: CSLI Publications, 1994.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Argument strucure"
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Metcalfe, Mike. "Argument Structure." In Business Research Through Argument, 71–89. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2291-1_4.
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Du Bois, John W. "Argument structure." In Preferred Argument Structure, 11–60. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sidag.14.04dub.
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Goldberg, Adele E. "Argument structure." In Handbook of Pragmatics, 59–76. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hop.23.arg3.
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Shetreet, Einat. "Argument structure." In Language Faculty and Beyond, 169–83. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lfab.10.08she.
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Ramchand, Giillian. "Argument structure." In Language Faculty and Beyond, 185–200. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lfab.10.09ram.
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Du Bois, John W., Lorraine E. Kumpf, and William J. Ashby. "Introduction." In Preferred Argument Structure, 1–10. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sidag.14.03dub.
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Ashby, William J., and Paola Bentivoglio. "Preferred Argument Structure across time and space." In Preferred Argument Structure, 61–80. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sidag.14.05ash.
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Clancy, Patricia M. "The lexicon in interaction." In Preferred Argument Structure, 81–108. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sidag.14.06cla.
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Kumpf, Lorraine E. "Genre and Preferred Argument Structure." In Preferred Argument Structure, 109–30. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sidag.14.07kum.
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England, Nora C., and Laura Martin. "Issues in the comparative argument structure analysis in Mayan narratives." In Preferred Argument Structure, 131–57. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sidag.14.08eng.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Argument strucure"
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Kononenko, I. S., E. A. Sidorova, and I. R. Akhmadeeva. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RHETORICAL AND ARGUMENTATIVE STRUCTURES IN THE STUDY OF POPULAR SCIENCE DISCOURSE." In International Conference on Computational Linguistics and Intellectual Technologies "Dialogue". Russian State University for the Humanities, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2075-7182-2020-19-432-444.
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The proposed work is performed as a part of an on-going research project aimed at creation of discourse annotated corpus of popular science texts written in Russian. Annotation is carried out within the framework of a multi-level model of discourse, which considers the text from the perspective of genre, rhetorical and argumentative organization. We conduct a comparative study of the rhetorical and argument annotations, discuss their similarities and differences on the segment and structural levels and show them on the examples of standard schemes of reasoning described in D. Walton’s theory of structured argumentation: “Argument from Expert Opinion”, “Argument from Example”, and “Argument from Cause to Effect”. Special attention is paid to discourse markers registered during annotation as key indicators of discourse structure. We report the results of the experiment with argument indicator patterns, based on the list of rhetorical markers, and aimed at the extraction of “from Expert Opinion” arguments.
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Hunter, Anthony. "Reasoning with Inconsistent Knowledge using the Epistemic Approach to Probabilistic Argumentation." In 17th International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning {KR-2020}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/kr.2020/50.
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Structured argumentation involves drawing inferences from knowledge in order to construct arguments and counterarguments. Since knowledge can be uncertain, we can use a probabilistic approach to representing and reasoning with the knowledge. Individual arguments can be constructed from the knowledge, with the belief in each argument determined just from the belief in the formulae appearing in the argument. However, if the original knowledgebase is inconsistent, this does not take into account the counterarguments that can be constructed. We therefore need a wider perspective that revises the belief in individual arguments in order to take into account the counterarguments. To address this need, we present a framework for probabilistic argumentation that uses relaxation methods to give a coherent view on the knowledge, and thereby revises the belief in the arguments that are generated from the knowledge.
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Cosmescu, Alexandru. "The Argumentative Orientation in Conversation." In Conferință științifică internațională "Filologia modernă: realizări şi perspective în context european". “Bogdan Petriceicu-Hasdeu” Institute of Romanian Philology, Republic of Moldova, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52505/filomod.2022.16.17.
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Currently, argumentation is viewed from the perspective of various theories, that start from different premises and have different goals. In logic – both formal and informal – a restrictive concept of argument is used, with mainly didactic purposes: encouraging an argument type considered as „standard”. Treating arguments from this perspective neglects the multitude of argumentation forms present in everyday conversation, which often have very little in common with formal argumentation structures. When we view argumentativity rather as an orientation of a conversation, independent of the form „arguments” take, the interlocutors’ attempts to persuade one another can be analyzed from other theoretical and methodological presuppositions.
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Chistova, Elena, and Ivan Smirnov. "Discourse-aware text classification for argument mining." In Dialogue. RSUH, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2075-7182-2022-21-93-105.
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We show that using the rhetorical structure automatically generated by the discourse parser is beneficial for paragraph-level argument mining in Russian. First, we improve the structure awareness of the current RST discourse parser for Russian by employing the recent top-down approach for unlabeled tree construction on a paragraph level. Then we demonstrate the utility of this parser in two classification argument mining subtasks of the RuARG-2022 shared task. Our approach leverages a structured LSTM module to compute a text representation that reflects the composition of discourse units in the rhetorical structure. We show that: (i) the inclusion of discourse analysis improves paragraph-level text classification; (ii) a novel TreeLSTM-based approach performs well for the computation of the complex text hidden representation using both a language model and an end-to-end RST parser; (iii) structures predicted by the proposed RST parser reflect the argumentative structures in texts in Russian.
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Oren, Nir, Bruno Yun, Srdjan Vesic, and Murilo Baptista. "Inverse Problems for Gradual Semantics." In Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-22}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/377.
Full textAbstract:
Gradual semantics with abstract argumentation provide each argument with a score reflecting its acceptability. Many different gradual semantics have been proposed in the literature, each following different principles and producing different argument rankings. A sub-class of such semantics, the so-called weighted semantics, takes, in addition to the graph structure, an initial set of weights over the arguments as input, with these weights affecting the resultant argument ranking. In this work, we consider the inverse problem over such weighted semantics. That is, given an argumentation framework and a desired argument ranking, we ask whether there exist initial weights such that a particular semantics produces the given ranking. The contribution of this paper are: (1) an algorithm to answer this problem, (2) a characterisation of the properties that a gradual semantics must satisfy for the algorithm to operate, and (3) an empirical evaluation of the proposed algorithm.
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Cabrio, Elena, and Serena Villata. "Five Years of Argument Mining: a Data-driven Analysis." In Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-18}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/766.
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Argument mining is the research area aiming at extracting natural language arguments and their relations from text, with the final goal of providing machine-processable structured data for computational models of argument. This research topic has started to attract the attention of a small community of researchers around 2014, and it is nowadays counted as one of the most promising research areas in Artificial Intelligence in terms of growing of the community, funded projects, and involvement of companies. In this paper, we present the argument mining tasks, and we discuss the obtained results in the area from a data-driven perspective. An open discussion highlights the main weaknesses suffered by the existing work in the literature, and proposes open challenges to be faced in the future.
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Ouchi, Hiroki, Hiroyuki Shindo, Kevin Duh, and Yuji Matsumoto. "Joint Case Argument Identification for Japanese Predicate Argument Structure Analysis." In Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers). Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/v1/p15-1093.
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Sporleder, Caroline. "Semantic argument structure in discourse." In the Eighth International Conference. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/1693756.1693798.
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Skut, Wojciech, Brigitte Krenn, Thorsten Brants, and Hans Uszkoreit. "Software for annotating argument structure." In the fifth conference. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/974281.974298.
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Reed, Chris, and Derek Long. "Generating the structure of argument." In the 17th international conference. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/980432.980748.
Full textReports on the topic "Argument strucure"
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Hwa, Yue-Yi, Sharon Kanthy Lumbanraja, Usha Adelina Riyanto, and Dewi Susanti. The Role of Coherence in Strengthening CommunityAccountability for Remote Schools in Indonesia. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2022/090.
Full textAbstract:
Incoherence in accountability relationships can hamper the quality of education. Such incoherence can be a particular challenge in resource-constrained, remote villages where teachers tend to have higher educational capital and social status than the parents and communities that they serve. We analyze quantitative and qualitative data from a randomized controlled trial of a social accountability mechanism (SAM) for schools in remote Indonesian villages. The intervention had three treatment arms, all of which included the SAM, which engaged village-level stakeholders in a consensus-building process that led to joint service agreements for supporting the learning process. Prior analyses have found that all three treatment arms significantly improved student learning, but the treatment arm combining the SAM with performance pay based on camera-monitored teacher attendance led to much larger gains than the SAM-only treatment or the treatment arm combining the SAM with teacher performance pay based on a community-evaluated scorecard. Drawing on a range of quantitative data sources across all treatment schools (process monitoring, survey, and service agreement indicators) and qualitative data from nine case study schools (interviews and focus group discussions), we show firstly that the student learning gains across all three treatment arms were accompanied by increases in the coherence of the accountability relationships between village-level stakeholders, and in the degree to which these relationships were oriented toward the purpose of cultivating learning. We further show that the treatment combining SAM with camera-monitored teacher performance pay led to greater improvements in the coherence of accountability relationships than the other treatment arms, because the cameras improved both the technical capacity and the social legitimacy of community members to hold teachers accountable. This coherence-focused, relational explanation for the relative effectiveness of the treatment arms has more explanatory power than alternative explanations that focus narrowly on information quality or incentive structure. Our analysis reinforces arguments for ensuring that accountability structures are coherent with the local context, including local social structures and power dynamics.
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Martinais, Emmanuel. L’élaboration du PPRT de la vallée de la chimie lyonnaise: La prévention des risques industriels comme moteur du développement économique. Fondation pour une culture de sécurité industrielle, October 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.57071/nbm663.
Full textAbstract:
Ce cahier documente l’élaboration du plan de prévention des risques technologiques (PPRT) de la vallée de la chimie lyonnaise, depuis sa mise en chantier en 2005 jusqu’à sa mise à l’enquête publique en avril 2016. Il s’intéresse plus particulièrement au travail concret des acteurs locaux qui ont participé à ce processus au long cours, aux structures d’échange qu’ils ont créées pour produire les informations dont ils ont eu besoin et débattre du contenu des mesures à définir, aux arguments qu’ils ont élaborés afin de faire valoir leurs points de vue, défendre leurs intérêts et peser sur les décisions qui scandent les différentes étapes de cette procédure. Cette immersion au cœur de la «fabrique» du PPRT est notamment l’occasion de découvrir que si la prévention des risques industriels est souvent dans un rapport antagonique avec le développement économique, elle agit ici comme le moteur d’un important projet de redynamisation de la plateforme industrielle du sud de Lyon en même temps que la condition du maintien de l’industrie lourde sur ce site très urbanisé.
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Khomenko, Tetiana. TIME AND SPACE OF HISTORICAL PARALLELS OF EUGEN SVERSTIUK’S JOURNALISM. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.50.11095.
Full textAbstract:
The article is dedicated to the investigation of time-space measurements of journalistic works of Eugen Sverstiuk, a well-known Ukrainian journalist. In particular, the time-space continuum of his works is being discussed, which is characterized as comprehensive, continuous, filled with archetypical images which metaphorize the text, but at the same time structure it, and are beaded on the axis of time and documentarily located in the space. The logics of images initiated in the text is exaggerated by constant dwelling of the author in the time-space dimensions of the epoque, of which he was a contemporary, as well as precise knowledge of World and Ukrainian history and culture. Historical parallelism of journalism of E. Sverstiuk possesses double potential. On the one hand, the author provides arguments for confirmation of his own opinion, and on the other, he shows us historical collisions in the new aspect, which helps consider the past, better understand the present, and think of the future. Pages of his works is space for author’s considerations, which logics impresses by free transgression of the author in the time, and his ability to grasp the most essential, although sometimes precedent, sometimes sudden and forgotten, or even unknown historical facts in order to force them to resonate in the new historical realities, first of all to indicate the importance of national and the need for assigning to it more significance. Using retrospectives, E. Sverstiuk encourages us to return to the national sources and to seek in ourselves the reflections of nationality in order to return historical truth to our audience. This is what, according to E. Sverstiuk, was believed to be one of the most necessary conditions of existence to the independent state. Time-space continuum of E. Sverstiuk’s journalism is reproduction of comprehensive history as continuous process of the development of humanity, and of formation of comprehensive, total, and so to say epic reading and understanding of these processes via accentuation of reader’s attention on key events, phenomena, and facts.