Dissertations / Theses: 'Argentine ant'

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Choe, Dong-Hwan. "Necrophoric behavior of the Argentine ant, Linepithema humile (Mayr) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), and its implications for horizontal transfer of slow-acting insecticides." Diss., UC access only, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=106&did=1871866051&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=7&retrieveGroup=0&VType=PQD&VInst=PROD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1270485146&clientId=48051.

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Vorster, Carlien. "Distribution and bait preference of the Argentine ant in natural vegetation." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/17979.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2011.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Since its introduction in 1898 into South Africa, the Argentine ant, Linepithema humile [Mayr 1868 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)], has invaded human-occupied areas (i.e. urban and agricultural areas) and natural areas characterised by few, if any, anthropogenic disturbances. However, compared to other countries in which the Argentine ant has been recorded, and until the past few decades, very little research had been done on this invasive ant in South Africa. Consequently, several issues concerning its ecological and social effects are still under-researched. The first of these issues concerns the lack of knowledge about the distribution of the Argentine ant in the natural areas, particularly the protected areas (PAs), of South Africa. In order to determine how many PAs are occupied by this invasive ant, a study was conducted in the Western Cape Province (WCP). It was found that, of the 614 PAs documented for WCP, ten have a known presence and nine known absence records of the Argentine ant. The remainder of the PAs have no known occupancy records for this ant. A second issue concerns the seasonal bait preference of the Argentine ant in a fynbos habitat. Six bait treatments (two carbohydrate and protein baits, a mixture of the carbohydrate and protein treatments, and a control) were applied in a fynbos habitat across a sampling grid in four different Latin Square designs, i.e. once for every season. Based on these experiments, it was determined that the Argentine ant prefers the mixture of carbohydrate and protein treatments, and that this preference does not change according to season. Furthermore, previous studies conducted in Jonkershoek Nature Reserve [JNR (in WCP)] determined the existence of a distribution boundary of Argentine ants in an area known as Swartboschkloof. Therefore, the third issue concerned the exact location of the distribution boundary and possible reasons for its establishment. This distribution boundary of the Argentine ant was found to be present 450 m from Swartboschkloof hiking trail. A combination of several explanatory variables may contribute to the maintenance of this boundary, i.e. a change in the horizontal and vertical vegetation distribution, as well as in the slope and aspect across the distribution boundary. With these explanatory variables, the increasing presence of an indigenous ant species, Anoplolepis custodiens, from this boundary may also have contributed to the distribution boundary. In addition, the short-term effect of a fire that swept through this area was also assessed, which revealed that Argentine ants are severely negatively affected by fire (at least over the short-term), i.e. their abundance decreased considerably after the fire and their local distribution range contracted. The final issue concerns the public perceptions of invasive alien species (IAS) in general and the Argentine ant specifically, at JNR. This study revealed that the majority of visitors to JNR were aware of the presence of IAS in South Africa and in its PAs, while very few visitors knew about the Argentine ant. This study also revealed that future research concerning South Africans perceptions of IAS might play a strong contributing role in conservation.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Sedert die Argentynse mier, Linepithema humile [Mayr 1868 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)], in 1898 in Suid-Afrika ingevoer is, het dié mier mens-bewoonde gebiede (soos stedelike en landbou gebiede) en natuurlike gebiede, gekenmerk deur min, indien enige, antropogeniese versteuringe, binnegedring. Nietemin, in vergelyking met ander lande waar die Argentynse mier opgeteken is, en tot die onlangse paar dekades, is min navorsing oor hierdie indringermier in Suid-Afrika onderneem. Gevolglik is daar verskeie kwessies rondom die mier se ekologiese en sosiale uitwerkinge wat nog nie nagevors is nie. Die eerste kwessie het betrekking op die gebrek aan kennis oor die Argentynse mier se verspreiding in die natuurlike gebiede, veral die beskermde gebiede (BG), van Suid-Afrika. Om te bepaal hoeveel BG deur hierdie indringermier beset word, is ŉ ondersoek in die Wes-Kaapprovinsie (WKP) uitgevoer. Daar is bevind dat, van die 614 BG gedokumenteerd in die WKP, het tien bevestigde aanwesigheid- en nege bevestigde afwesigheidrekords van hierdie mier. Die oorblywende BG het geen bekende besettingsrekords van hierdie mier nie. ŉ Tweede kwessie het betrekking op die seisoenale lokaasvoorkeur van die Argentynse mier in ŉ fynbos habitat. Ses lokaas-behandelings (twee koolhidraat en proteïen lokaas, ŉ mengsel van die koolhidraat en proteïen behandelings, en ŉ kontrole) is aangewend in ŉ fynbos habitat, oor ŉ steekproefruitgebied, in vier verskillende Latyns-kwadraatpatrone (“Latin Sqaure designs”), d.i. een vir elke seisoen. Op grond van hierdie eksperimente is vasgestel dat die Argentynse mier die mengsel van koolhidrate en proteïne verkies, en dat hierdie voorkeur nie seisoenaal verander nie. Boonop, vorige ondersoeke wat in die Jonkershoek Natuurreservaat [JNR (in die WKP)] uitgevoer is, het ŉ verspreidings-grens van Argentynse miere ontdek in ŉ gebied bekend as Swartboschkloof. Gevolglik het die derde kwessie betrekking op die presiese ligging van hierdie grens en moontlike redes waarom dit gevestig het. Dié verspreidings-grens van die Argentynse mier is 450 m vanaf die Swartboschkloof voetslaanpad gevind. ŉ Kombinasie van verskeie verklarende veranderlikes kon tot hierdie grens bygedra het, d.i. ŉ verandering in die horisontale en vertikale plantegroeiverspreiding, sowel as in die helling en ligging oor die verspreidings-grens van die Argentynse mier. Tesame met hierdie verklarende veranderlikes, kon die toenemende teenwoordigheid van ŉ inheemse mier, Anoplolepis custodiens, vanaf hierdie grens ook tot die verspredings-grens bygedra het. Daarbenewens is die korttermyn-effek van ŉ vuur wat deur die area beweeg het, ook bestudeer. Die ondersoek het getoon dat die Argentynse mier (ten minste oor die korttermyn) erg negatief deur vuur beïnvloed is, d.i. hul volopheid het ná die vuur aansienlik verminder en hul plaaslike verspreidings-grens het gekrimp. Die finale kwessie het betrekking op openbare persepsie van uitheemse indringerspesies (UIS) oor die algemeen en spesifiek die Argentynse mier, by JNR. Hierdie ondersoek het aan die lig gebring dat die meerderheid van besoekers aan JNR bewus was van die teenwoordigheid van UIS in Suid-Afrika en in dié se BG, terwyl baie min egter van die Argentynse mier geweet het. Hierdie ondersoek het ook aan die lig gebring dat toekomstige navorsing rakende Suid-Afrikaners se persepsie van UIS ŉ sterk bydra tot bewaring kan maak.

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Buczkowski, Grzegorz Andrzej. "Nestmate recognition and population genetic structure in the Argentine ant, Linepithema humile." NCSU, 2003. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-08182003-091509/.

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The Argentine ant, Linepithema humile, is a widespread invasive species characterized by reduced intraspecific aggression within its introduced range. To gain an understanding of mechanisms underlying nestmate recognition in the Argentine ant, I studied its population genetic structure and the role of genetic vs. environmental cues on aggression. I combine behavioral, genetic, and analytical data to explore the role of exogenous cues and recent changes in the population genetic structure on nestmate recognition in this ant. In Chapter II, I examined population genetic structure and intercolony aggression in two portions of the Argentine ant introduced range: California and the southeastern U.S. I describe factors that may have contributed to the present-day differences in genetic diversity between these two regions and I also suggest ecological factors that may have contributed to regional differences in current distribution patterns of the Argentine ant. In Chapter III, I examined the context-dependency of nestmate discrimination in the Argentine ant and the effect of action thresholds on exogenous cue recognition. I also tested hypotheses that explain a change in action thresholds as well as factors that affect action thresholds. I examined changes in intraspecific aggression in various discrimination contexts. I tested the importance of isolated nest referents on aggression thresholds. In Chapter IV, I examined the impact of different diet-derived hydrocarbons on intraspecific aggression in the Argentine ant and the potential of shared, diet-derived hydrocarbons to produce colony uniformity where intercolony genetic and/or environmental differences exist. In Chapter V, I examined the role of environmental cues on nestmate recognition in two populations of the Argentine ant. I tested the hypothesis that there is geographical variation in the response of Argentine ants to nestmate recognition cues derived from prey. In Appendix I, I use the Argentine ant to compare four aggression bioassays for consistency between replicates, similarity between assays, and ability to predict whole colony interactions. I tested four different aggression assays with two or three scoring methods per assay. I also determined whether isolated aggressive encounters could predict whole colony interactions.

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Suarez, Andrew. "Causes and consequences of biological invasions : the Argentine ant in Southern California /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9984813.

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Roura, i. Pascual Núria. "Predicting Argentine ant invasion across spatial scales via ecological niche models." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7909.

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La formiga argentina (Linepithema humile) es troba entre les espècies més invasores: originària d'Amèrica del Sud, actualment ha envaït nombroses àrees arreu del món. Aquesta tesi doctoral intenta fer una primera anàlisi integrada i multiescalar de la distribució de la formiga argentina mitjançant l'ús de models de nínxol ecològic. D'acord amb els resultats obtinguts, es preveu que la formiga argentina assoleixi una distribució més àmplia que l'actual. Les prediccions obtingudes a partir dels models concorden amb la distribució actualment coneguda i, a més, indiquen àrees a prop de la costa i dels rius principals com a altament favorables per a l'espècie. Aquests resultats corroboren la idea que la formiga argentina no es troba actualment en equilibri amb el medi. D'altra banda, amb el canvi climàtic, s'espera que la distribució de la formiga argentina s'estengui cap a latituds més elevades en ambdós hemisferis, i sofreixi una retracció en els tròpics a escales globals.
Argentine ants (Linepithema humile) rank among the most successful invasive species: native to South America, they have invaded broad areas worldwide. This PhD thesis attempts to take the first step towards an integrated and multi-scalar analysis of the Argentine ant distribution using ecological niche models. According to our results, the Argentine ant is expected to occupy a broader distribution in its worldwide invaded ranges than is currently appreciated. Model predictions are in concordance with the currently known occurrence of the species, and indicate areas near the coast and following the main rivers as highly suitable for the species. These results give additional support to the idea that the Argentine ant is not currently in equilibrium with its environment. According to global climate change scenarios, the Argentine ant is expected to expand to higher northern and southern latitudes, and retract in the tropics at global spatial scales.

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Luruli, Ndivhuwo Mord. "Distribution and impact of the Argentine ant, Linepithema humile (Mayr), in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/19640.

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Thesis (MScAgric)--University of Stellenbosch, 2007.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Invasion by the notorious tramp species, the Argentine ant (Linepithema humile Mayr) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) has caused major concern around the globe, owing to its displacement of native ant species and other invertebrates where it invades. This species was first recorded in South Africa in 1901 in Stellenbosch, Western Cape Province (WCP), and has now become a significant pest in most urban and agricultural areas in the country. The Argentine ant has received relatively little attention in South Africa compared to other countries (e.g. California, North America). To date the extent of invasion by this species countrywide, as well as its impact on the local ant fauna inside protected areas, has not been quantified. In this study, the impact of the Argentine ant on native ant fauna inside three protected areas in the WCP (Helderberg Nature Reserve (HNR), Jonkershoek Nature Reserve (JNR) and Kogelberg Biosphere Reserve KBR)) was assessed. Species richness and diversity were compared between invaded and uninvaded bait stations at each protected area. Several native ant species were found to be displaced by the Argentine ant from all three protected areas, although three species: Meranoplus peringueyi, Monomorium sp. 8 and Tetramorium quadrispinosum, were found coexisting with it. Invaded bait stations had significantly lower ant species richness and species turnover than uninvaded bait stations. Uninvaded bait stations contained eight times more native ant species than invaded bait stations. Thus, the invasion of protected areas by the Argentine ant has severe negative consequences for the species richness and assemblage structure of native ants, leading to the biotic homogenization of these local ant communities. The distribution range of the Argentine ant inside the three protected areas (HNR, JNR, KBR), as well as microhabitat preferences that may facilitate the spread of this species inside these reserves, was also assessed. Helderberg Nature Reserve was the most invaded protected area, with the highest level of the Argentine ant occupancy, while JNR and KBR had lower occupancy levels. At all the three protected areas, this species was dominant at lower altitudinal areas, and also showed a clear preference for areas with high anthropogenic disturbances, i.e. around buildings and on lawns (picnic areas). In this study, there was no evidence that moisture availability facilitates the distribution and spread of the Argentine ant inside these reserves. Finally, a combination of published literature records, museum records and records collected in the current study was used to quantify the current distributional extent of the Argentine ant throughout urban South Africa. This is the first study quantifying the distribution and extent of invasion by the Argentine ant throughout the country. The Argentine ant was found in six of the nine South African Provinces, and its extent of occurrence includes approximately half of the country’s land surface area. Discontinuities in the distribution of the Argentine ant across the country revealed that range expansion of the Argentine ant in South Africa is occurring predominantly via human-mediated jump dispersal, rather than naturally via nest diffusion. This study clearly demonstrated that the Argentine ant is well established across South Africa as well as inside protected areas. The Argentine ant invasion was influenced by the presence of human modified landscapes (i.e. buildings) both at low and high altitude, and this was associated with higher rates of native ant species displacement at these areas. Therefore, limiting the development of recreational areas, such as buildings and picnic sites inside protected areas will result in the lower rate of spread of the Argentine ant. This will in turn lower the extent of displacement of native ant species.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Indringing deur die Argentynse mier (Linepithema humile Mayr) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) is ‘n bron van groot kommer regoor die wêreld, as gevolg van sy vermoë om inheemse mier spesies en ander ongewerweldes te verplaas. Hierdie spesie is vir die eerste keer aangeteken in Suid-Afrika in 1901, in Stellenbosch, Weskaap Provinsie (WCP), en het ‘n belangrike pes geword in die meeste stedelike en landelike gebiede in die land. Die Argentynse mier het betreklik min aandag gekry in Suid-Afrika, in vergelyking met ander lande (bv. California, Noord Amerika). Tans is die omvang van die landwye indringing van hierdie spesie, sowel as sy impak op die plaaslike mier fauna binne beskermde areas, nog nie bepaal nie. In hierdie studie word die impak van die Argentynse mier op die inheemse mier fauna binne drie beskermde areas in die WCP (Helderberg Natuurreservaat (HNR), Jonkershoek Natuurreservaat (JNR) en Kogelberg Biosfeerreservaat (KBR)) bepaal. Spesierykheid en diversiteit was vergelyk tussen ingedringde en oningedringde lokaas stasies in elke beskermde area. Verskeie inheemse mier spesies was deur die Argentynse mier verplaas in al drie beskermde areas, alhoewel drie spesies: Meranoplus peringueyi, Monomorium sp. 8 en Tetramorium quadrispinosum het saam met dit voorgekom. Ingedringde lokaas stasies het beduidend laer mier spesierykheid en spesies omset gehad as oningedringde lokaas stasies. Dus, die indringing van beskermde areas deur die Argentynse mier het ernstige negatiewe gevolge vir die spesierykheid en gemeenskap struktuur van inheemse miere, wat lei tot die biotiese verarming van hierdie plaaslike mier gemeenskappe. Die verspreidingsarea van die Argentynse mier binne die drie beskermde areas (HNR, JNR, KBR), en die mikrohabitat voorkeure wat die verspreiding van die spesie binne hierdie reservate kan vergemaklik, was ook vasgestel. Helderberg Natuurreservaat was die mees ingedringde beskermde area, met die hoogste vlak van Argentynse mier besetting, terwyl JNR en KBR laer besettingsvlakke gehad het. By al drie die beskermde areas was hierdie spesie dominant by laer hoogtes bo seevlak en het ‘n duidelike voorkeur getoon vir areas met hoë menslike versteuring d.i. rondom geboue en op grasperke (piekniek areas). In hierdie studie was daar geen bewyse dat vog beskikbaarheid die voorkoms en verspreiding van die Argentynse mier binne die reservate vergemaklik nie. Ten slotte, ‘n kombinasie van gepubliseerde literatuur verslae, museum dokumente en verslae wat in hierdie studie versamel is, was gebruik om die huidige verspreidingsomvang van die Argentynse mier te bepaal. Dit is die eerste studie wat die verspreiding en omvang van indringing in stedelike Suid Afrika van die Argentynse mier dwarsdeur die land bepaal. Die Argentynse mier is gevind in ses van die nege provinsies in Suid-Afrika, en die omvang van sy voorkoms sluit bykans die helfte van die land se landoppervlaksarea in. Onderbrekings in die verspreiding van die Argentynse mier deur die land het blootgelê dat die uitbreiding van die voorkomsgebied van die Argentynse mier in Suid-Afrika hoofsaaklik gebeur deur mens bemiddelde verspreiding eerder as natuurlike nesverspreiding. Hierdie studie het duidelik gedemonstreer dat die Argentynse mier goed gevestig is regoor Suid-Afrika sowel as in beskermde areas. Die Argentynse mier indringing was beïnvloed deur mensgewysigde landskappe (d.i. geboue) by lae en hoë hoogtes bo seevlak, en dit was verwant aan hoër vlakke van verplasing van inheemse mier species in hierdie areas. Dus, die beperking van ontwikkeling van rekreasie areas, soos geboue en piekniekareas, in beskermde gebiede sal lei tot laer vlakke van verspreiding van die Argentynse mier. Dit sal, op sy beurt, die omvang van verplasing van die inheemse mier spesies verminder.

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Tsutsui, Neil Durie. "Population genetics of the invasive Argentine ant in its native and introduced ranges /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9984805.

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Theunis, Laurence. "Ant assemblages structure in a naturally fragmented forest in the argentinean humid Chaco." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210385.

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Contexte: La fragmentation des habitats induisant une diminution de leur surface, de leur connectivité et une augmentation de la zone de contact avec d’autres milieux constitue l’une des menaces majeures pour le maintien de la biodiversité. Les effets de la fragmentation ne doivent pas être confondus avec les perturbations transitoires liées à un morcellement de l’habitat par une déforestation récente. Les îlots forestiers du Chaco humide, situés sur des monticules légèrement surélevés par rapport à la savane environnante qui est régulièrement inondée et brûlée, constituent un système naturellement fragmenté propice à l’étude des effets de la fragmentation sensu stricto. Dans ces forêts subtropicales sèches, comme dans la plupart des écosystèmes terrestres, les fourmis constituent l’un des organismes les plus abondants.

Objectif: Le but principal de la thèse a été de déterminer, à trois échelles spatiales, les facteurs influençant la structure des assemblages de fourmis terricoles :(1) à l’échelle du microhabitat constitué par la litière de feuilles et la couverture végétale dominée par des broméliacées terrestres ;(2) à l’échelle du fragment forestier dont la surface, la forme et l’isolement est variable ;(3) à l’échelle du paysage, constitué de forêt et de savane, soumis à des feux périodiques, et au niveau duquel nous nous sommes intéressés aux effets de bord se produisant à l’interface entre les deux milieux.

Méthode: Le site d’étude est la forêt naturellement fragmentée du Parc national Rio Pilcomayo localisé dans le Chaco humide argentin. Onze fragments forestiers de taille (± 2.5ha, 25ha et 250ha), de forme et de degré d’isolation divers ont été échantillonnés ainsi que la savane environnante, récemment brûlée ou non. La diversité et la densité des fourmis a été quantifiée au moyen d’un protocole standardisé

(« protocole A.L.L. ») qui a été préalablement calibré pour en définir la représentativité. Ce protocole consiste en un transect de 200m le long duquel sont placés, à intervalles de 10m, des pièges à fosse et des quadrats délimitant 1m² de litière de feuilles. La faune vivant dans la litière est ensuite extraite au moyen d’un dispositif appelé Winkler. Le calibrage du protocole a été réalisé en suréchantillonnant 8

fois le transect (160 points d’échantillonnage au lieu de 20). Cet échantillonnage quasi exhaustif de 200m² a permis de comparer l’estimation du nombre d’espèces obtenue par le transect standardisé ALL avec sa valeur réelle et d’étudier la distribution des espèces à l’échelle du mètre. Les facteurs du microhabitat les plus susceptibles d’influencer la distribution des fourmis (quantité de litière et densité de broméliacées) ont été mesurés systématiquement le long des transects. Pour l’étude de la distribution des fourmis depuis le coeur d’un grand fragment jusque dans la savane, des transects de 500m ont été utilisés et ont permis de mesurer des effets de bords éventuels. Un total de 800 Winkler et 560 pièges à fosses ont été analysés lors de cette étude.

Résultats: Un transect standardisé A.L.L. permet d’obtenir, à partir de 20 échantillons et de méthodes analytiques adéquate, une estimation fiable de la richesse locale au sein de 200m² mais n’est pas toujours représentatif de la fréquence relative des espèces. Au total, 150 espèces de fourmis ont été récoltées dont 130 en forêt et 79 en savane (dont 59 espèces communes aux deux milieux). Au niveau du micro-habitat, on observe pour certaines espèces des pics périodiques d’abondance (maximum tous les 10m) correspondant vraisemblablement à l’emplacement des colonies qui s’espacent pour diminuer la compétition intraspécifique. Associé aux micrconvexités topographiques l’on observe également des pics de densité de broméliacées et de quantité de litière qui favorisent une grande densité d’espèces différentes de fourmis. À l’échelle de l’habitat, les îlots forestiers petits et isolés sont les moins riches, principalement en espèces typiquement forestières. Dans les larges fragments, les espèces typiquement forestières se distribuent indépendamment de la distance les séparant du bord. Quelques espèces typiques de savane pénètrent en bordure de forêt et provoquent une plus grande variabilité de la faune récoltée au sein des quadrats de litière situés à cet endroit. Cependant, aucun pic de diversité

correspondant à une zone de superposition d’espèces de bord et de centre n’a été observé au sein des fragments forestiers. Les feux de savane modifient la fréquence relative des espèces les plus communes mais n’affectent pas la richesse globale du milieu et ne pénètrent pas dans la forêt.

Conclusions: Le protocole standardisé ALL, utilisé couramment par de nombreuses équipes de

chercheurs à travers le monde, mais qui n’avait encore jamais été réellement calibré avant notre étude, apparaît comme une méthode minimale mais suffisante pour déterminer la richesse locale en fourmis d’une forêt du Chaco humide. Ce calibrage a permis, en outre, de mettre en évidence un taux important de renouvellement des espèces à l’échelle du mètre carré. Nos résultats soutiennent l’idée que la disponibilité en ressources favorables, plus que la compétition interspécifique, est un mécanisme majeur

structurant les assemblages de fourmis des litières. À l’échelle du micro-habitat, un grand nombre d’espèces de fourmis forestières coexistent dans les zones riches en matière organique associée à la présence de broméliacées qui apparaissent comme un facteur structurant majeur de la distribution des fourmis. Au niveau de la litière, les colonies de différentes espèces ont des aires de fourragement qui se

superposent tandis que les colonies de même espèce ont tendance à s’espacer limitant la compétition pour les mêmes ressources. Un effet de bord, lié à des modifications locales des conditions climatiques et de la structure de la végétation, ne se marque pas au niveau de la myrmécofaune dans ce type de milieu, ce qui explique que l’on n’observe pas le traditionnel pic de diversité au niveau de la zone de transition entre deux milieux. Du point de vue de la conservation des espèces, des fragments forestiers de 15ha, bien connectés, apparaissent comme des conditions minimum pour conserver l’ensemble des espèces de fourmis de l’assemblage.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Schoeman, Colin Stefan. "Synergistic impact of invasive alien plants and the alien Argentine ant on local ant assemblages in the Western Cape." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/21759.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2008.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Alien trees, Pinus spp. and Eucalyptus spp., affect ants negatively in the Cape Floristic Region (CFR), a global biodiversity hotspot in South Africa. They reduce ant abundance and species richness, thus also changing ant assemblage structure. This is alarming, because almost 1300 species of plant species in the CFR are dispersed by certain indigenous ants, and thus there is concern for an indirect effect on indigenous plant assemblages. One of the most impacting ant species on seed dispersal is the invasive Argentine ant (Linepithema humile (Mayr)), which discards seeds outside its nest, where they do not germinate. Ten sites, on Vergelegen Wine Estate, were selected to explore these effects of alien plants. These varied from invaded to non-invaded sites. Each site consisted of six sampling points, which in turn consisted of four pitfall traps left out for seven days, during December 2005, February 2006, May 2006 and September 2006. Forty species of ant were sampled, and various analyses used to illustrate the comparative effects of plant invasion. All analytical methods showed that invasive alien plants had a significant impact on the abundance and richness of the ant species assemblage, by creating a dense canopy cover that changed the abiotic environment of the epigaeic ants’ habitat. Furthermore, increased alien tree invasion correlated significantly with Argentine ant abundances. The Argentine ant displaced Pheidole capensis and Camponotus spp., while it decreased the abundances of commonly-occurring indigenous ants, such as Lepisiota capensis and Plagiolepis spp. Displacement by the Argentine ant may be a result of indirect competition for food resources. The effects of invasive aliens are synergistic in that there is a cascade effects from initial plant invasions to subsequent animal invasion.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Indringer bome, Pinus en Eucalyptus, affekteer miere op negatiewe wyse in die Kaap Florsitiese Streek (KFR), ‘n area in Suid Afrika van belang t.o.v. globale biodiversiteit. Hierdie uitheemse indringer bome verminder hulle hoeveelheid en spesies rykheid. Die bogenoemde is kommerwekkend omdat meer as 1300 plant spesies in the KFR versprei word deur miere. Die verandering in hoeveelheid en versameling van inheemse miere kan dus ernstige implikasies hê op die saad verspreiding van inheemse plant spesies. Een van die mees verwoestende effekte op saad verspreiding is veroorsaak deur die indringer Argentynse mier (Linepithema humile (Mayr)), wat sade neer werp buite hulle neste, waar hulle nie suksesvol kan ontkiem nie. Tien monsterings-tereine was geselekteer om die bogenoemde effekte te ondersoek op Vergelegen Landgoed. Hierdie het afgewissel van indringer tot skoon tereine. Elke terrein is op ses versamelings-plekke gemonster, met vier pitvalle, wat oopgelê het vir sewe dae gedurende Desember 2005, Februarie 2006, Mei 2006 en September 2006. 40 spesies van miere was gemonster. Indringer plante het ‚n betekenisvolle impak gehad het op die hoeveelheid en rykheid van die mier gemeenskappe, deur die skepping van ‚n dig baldakyn wat die abiotiese omgewing van die miere se habitat verander het. Die vermeerdering van indringer plante veroorsaak die vermeerdering van Argentyne miere. Kanonieke Mede-Respons Analise illustreer dat die Argentynse mier Pheidole capensis en Camponotus spp. verplaas het, terwyl dit ander inheemse mier getalle verminder het, soos Lepisiota capensis en Plagiolepis spp. Die verplasing deur die Argentynse mier mag die resultaat wees van indirekte wedywering vir hulpbronne. Die effekte van indringer species is dus sinergisties deur dat ‚n kaskade effek ontstaan vanaf plant tot dier indringer spesies.

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Ellis, Brittany Russ. "Managing Linepithema humile (Mayr), the Argentine ant, in South Carolina state park campgrounds." Connect to this title online, 2009. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1249065615/.

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Haw, James. "Effects of Argentine Ant (Linepithema Humile) on Arthropod Fauna in New Zealand Native Forest." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/625.

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Although Argentine ant(Linepithema humile), a highly invasive ant species, has been in New Zealand for at least l4 years, little is known about their ecology and potential for invasion. Increasing spread and establishment of populations throughout New Zealand is disturbing because of the devastating impacts documented on native invertebrate biodiversity overseas. The primary aim of this study was to determine the impacts of Argentine ants on arthropods in native forest habitats in west Auckland. Pitfall traps at invaded and uninvaded sites were used to quantify ant and non-ant arthropod faunas. Argentine ants did not adversely affect native host ant communities. Moreover, two ant species appeared to be resistant to invasion. Argentine ant invasion reduced the abundance of a few orders of invertebrates while several taxa were more abundant in the presence of Argentine ants. Distribution and foraging activity of Argentine ant populations were monitored in this study from 2000-2003. Also, rate of spread was investigated to evaluate whether native forest habitats would be at risk from invasion. Measurements of foraging ant trails on monitored tree trunks revealed seasonal distribution patterns involving high activity in summer/autumn and low activity in winter/early spring. Argentine ants were found to be established primarily along the edge of the forest and did not invade into the interior of the forest during the study period. An Argentine ant poisoning operation on Tiritiri Matangi Island in January 2001 provided the opportunity to document the results of the eradication trial. In addition, pitfall traps placed at two treated sites and one untreated site were used to compare pre-poison and post-poison effects on ant and non-ant invertebrate communities. Fipronil baiting at 0.01% effectively reduced Argentine ants at the study sites and very few ants were observed in both tree count and pitfall trap recordings two months after poisoning. The invasion of Argentine ants on Tiritiri Matangi Island decimated native host ants and no recovery was detected throughout the study. Several groups of invertebrates appeared to benefit from the removal of Argentine ants while a few showed no detectable changes. Conservation implications resulting from the findings of this study are discussed Also, potential future research involving Argentine ants are outlined.

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Blancafort, Pujols Xavier. "Efecte de la formiga argentina en la pol·linització de diverses espècies mediterrànies." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7657.

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Les inflorescències on és present la formiga argentina reben menys visitants, a les zones envaïdes, a més, desapareixen la majoria d'espècies de formigues autòctones, algunes de les quals podrien ser pol·linitzadores d'algunes espècies vegetals. Aquest efecte repel·lent i la desaparició de formigues autòctones es tradueix en una menor producció de fruits en plantes com Euphorbia characias o Euphorbia biumbellata
Argentine ant effects on pollination of several mediterranean species

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Kizner, Michelle Cara. "Indirect effects of Argentine ant and honeydew-producing insect mutualisms on California red scale in a citrus agroecosystem." Diss., [La Jolla] : University of California, San Diego, 2010. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p1477914.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of California, San Diego, 2010.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed July 16, 2010). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 37-39).

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Menke, Sean B. "Predicting Argentine ant (Linepithema humile) invasions at multiple spatial scales the relative importance of abiotic and biotic factors /." Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2007. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3259064.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2007.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed June 21, 2007). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

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Enríquez, Lenis Martha Lucía. "The invasion of the Argentine ant Linepithema humile in Mediterranean ecosystems: impacts and efficacy of winter aggregations extirpation as a control methods." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/101512.

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We studied the characteristics and effects of the Argentine ant invasion on the native ants and other arthropods. Moreover, we assessed the effects of L. humile winter nest aggregations extirpation on its population dynamics. We measured the spread of its invasion and evaluated its nest-site preferences. Artificial nests used as a control tool were also assessed. Results indicate that the invasion causes important changes in the native ant community structure. The invasion spread is influenced by air temperature, and habitat perturbations could be favouring a faster expansion. The extirpation diminished the abundance of this ant and disturbed its population dynamics. In order to make this method more efficient, extirpation should be made in the edge of the invasion, and should focus on nests under larger rocks where mature nests are more likely to be found. Finally, this method is proposed mainly for controlling its invasion in closed or isolated areas.
Es van comparar les característiques i els efectes de la invasió de la formiga argentina sobre la comunitat de formigues natives, i altres artròpodes. Es va avaluar l'efecte de l'extirpació d’agregacions de nius d’hivern, la selecció de llocs de nidificació i l'ús de nius artificials com a eina de control, i es va mesurar la seva taxa d'expansió. Es va trobar que la invasió provoca canvis importants en la comunitat de formigues natives. La temperatura ambiental influeix en l'expansió, i les pertorbacions de l'hàbitat podrien afavorir una propagació més ràpida. L'extirpació disminueix la seva abundància i pertorba la seva dinàmica poblacional. L'extirpació s'ha de fer al marge de la invasió, i s'ha de centrar en nius situats sota les pedres més grans que és on hi ha més probabilitat de trobar nius madurs. Finalment, aquest mètode es proposa principalment per al control de la invasió en àrees tancades o aïllades.

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Lado, Thomas Francis. "Molecular ecology of introduced species in South Africa : the bud gall-forming wasp Trichilogaster acaciaelongifoliae and the Argentine ant Linepithema humile." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbsoch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4840.

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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2008.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Introduced species displace native species and alter ecological communities, affect agriculture as well as human health and are economically costly to eradicate. Long term monitoring of introduced species including the documentation of levels of genetic variation is therefore of the utmost importance. This study investigated the distribution of genetic variation in two introduced species distributed across South Africa the bud gall-forming wasp Trichilogaster acaciaelongifoliae and the Argentine ant Linepithema humile. The bud gall-forming wasp was introduced into South Africa as a biological control agent to curb the spread of the invasive long-leaved wattle Acacia longifolia. In addition to the intended (target) host, the bud gall-forming wasp has also colonised A. floribunda, a noninvasive ornamental plant. Limited genetic variation was found across South Africa based on the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. Only 3 haplotypes characterized 53 individuals collected from 23 localities (nucleotide diversity £k = 0.002 ¡Ó 0.001, haplotype diversity h = 0.482 ¡Ó 0.045). No significant partitioning of genetic variation was found across South Africa including between host plants (target host = A. longifolia, non target host = A. floribunda) or between the core (sites of introduction) and edge (naturally dispersed) sites (ƒ¶ST = 0.094, P = 0.288). The limited genetic variation and the absence of significant genetic structure are congruent with patterns described for many other introduced species and may suggest that propagule pressure plays only a minor role in species establishment and spread of the gall-forming wasp across South Africa. Mitochondrial and nuclear markers were used to describe the distribution of genetic variation within Argentine ants across their introduced range in South Africa. For the mitochondrial DNA, low genetic diversity was found for the COI gene with only five haplotypes, separated by single mutational changes, characterizing 101 specimens from 35 localities (nucleotide diversity π = 0.001 ± 0.001, haplotype diversity h = 0.151 ± 0.048). Notwithstanding the low levels of genetic diversity, mitochondrial variation was significantly structured (ST = 0.54, P < 0.001) across the landscape. In contrast, microsatellite analyses of 230 ants from 23 localities, employing six polymorphic microsatellite markers, revealed a relatively high amount of genetic diversity (HE = 0.51 ± 0.22). Significant population structure was similarly evident (RST = 0.14, P < 0.001) with the localities of Elim2, Porterville2 and Bloemfontein2 clustering as a distinct population from the remainder of the localities. Importantly, individuals from these localities also had a unique mitochondrial haplotype and, when taken with the nuclear results, may indicate the occurrence of more than one introduction event (and possibly more than one colony) in South Africa. This is further underscored by the presence of unique microsatellite alleles in these three populations. In an attempt to establish the source populations for the introduction of Argentine ants into South Africa, mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences were generated for a subset of ants representing the two major genetic clades across South Africa. A comparison with the published data from across the world including the native range of the Argentine ant in South America grouped Argentine ants from South Africa with three potential source populations namely Ocampo and Rosario in Argentina and Passo do Lontra in Brazil. The results of this study underscore the role of human-mediated dispersal in shaping the levels of genetic variation in both species. Human-mediated dispersal can lead to genetic homogenization across populations.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Indringer spesies verplaas of verander ekologiese gemeenskappe, beinvloed landbou asook menslike gesondheid en is ekonomies duur om te verwyder. Langtermyn monitering van indringer spesies asook die dokumentasie van genetiese variasie is dus baie belangrik. Hierdie studie bestudeer die verspreiding van genetiese variasie in twee indringer spesies wat regoor Suid-Afrika voorkom, naamlik die kroongal-vormende wespe Trichilogaster acaciaelongifoliae en die Argentynse mier Linepithema humile. Die kroongal-vormende wesp is na Suid Afrika gebring as biologiese beheeragent om die verspreiding van indringer lang-blarige wattle Acacia longifolia te beveg. Die kroongalvormende wespe het sowel die teiken spesies, asook A. floribunda, ‘n nie-indringer ornamentele plant gekoloniseer. Beperkte genetiese variasie is gevind regoor Suid Afrika gebasseer op die mitochondriale DNA sitokroom-oksidasie subeenheid I (COI) geen. Slegs 3 haplotipes karakteriseer 53 indiviue van 23 bevolkings (nukleotied diversiteit π = 0.002 ± 0.001, haplotiep diversiteit h = 0.482 ± 0.045). Geen beduinde groepering van genetiese variase is gevind regoor Suid Afrika nie (ST = 0.094, P = 0.288). Hierdie bevinding geld onafhanklik van die gasheer plant (teiken gasheer = A. longifolia, nie-teiken gasheer = A. floribunda). Ook is geen beduidende genetiese groepering gevind tussen die sentrale (plek van inisiele blootstelling) en perifêre (natuurlik verspreide) lokaliteite nie. Die kleinskaalse genetiese variase en die afwesigheid van beduidende genetiese struktuur wat hier gevind is, verskil van die patrone wat voorheen vir baie ander indringer-spesies beskryf is. Dit mag daarop dui dat ‘propagule’ druk slegs ’n klein rol speel in spesies-vestiging en verspreiding van die galvormende wespe regoor Suid-Afrika. Mitochondriale asook kern merkers is gebruik om die verspreiding van genetiese variasie in Argentynse miere in Suid Afrika te beskryf. Vir die mitochondriale DNA is lae genetiese variase gevind vir die COI geen, met slegs 5 haplotipes, gedifferensieer deur enkele mutasie veranderinge wat 101 monsters van 35 lokaliteite karakteriseer (nukleotied diversiteit π = 0.001 ± 0.001, haplotiep diversiteit h = 0.151 ± 0.048). Desondanks die lae genetiese variasie, is gevind dat mitochondriale variasie beduidend gestruktureerd is (ST = 0.54, P < 0.001) oor die landskap. Hierteenoor het mikrosatelliet analises van 230 miere van 23 lokaliteite, deur gebruik te maak van ses polimorfiese mikrosatelliet merkers, ’n relatiewe hoë hoeveelheid genetiese diversiteit aangedui. Beduidende bevolkingstruktuur was ook gevind (RST = 0.14, P < 0.001) in die areas Elim2, Porterville2 en Bloemfontein2 wat saam groepeer as eiesoortige bevolkings vergeleke met die res van die areas. Ook van belang is dat individue van die areas ’n unieke mitochondriale haplotipe besit, en in kombinasie met die kern resultate, mag dit die voorkoms van meer as een blootstellingsgeleentheid (en moontlik meer as een kolonie) in Suid Afrika aandui. Hierdie bevinding word verder beklemtoon deur die teenwoordigheid van unieke mikrosatelliet allele in die drie bevolkings. In ‘n poging om die oorsprong van die oorsprong-bevolking vir die blootstelling van Argentynse miere in Suid Afrika vas te stel, is mitochondriale sitokroom b volgordes gegenereer vir ’n substel miere wat die twee hoof genetiese klades in Suid Afrika voorstel. Vergelyking met gepubliseerde data van regoor die wêreld, insluitende die endemiese gebied van die Argentynse mier in Suid Amerika, het die Argentynse mier van Suid Afrika met drie potensiele oorsprong-bevolking verbind, naamlik Ocampo en Rosario in Argentina en Passo do Lontra in Brazil.

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Diaz, Buitrago Mireia. "Ecological and biological strategies taken by the Argentine ant, Linepithema humile (Mayr, 1868), in cold seasons. Effects of winter nests management in natural invaded areas." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/123669.

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The winter nesting behaviour of the Argentine ant seems to be intrinsic, and its success as an invasive species does not rely on a shift in social organization, nor on a shift in its mode of nesting associated with the introduction to new habitats. Differences in energy investment in queens seem to respond to the different ecological contexts between studied zones. Therefore, L. humile could be experiencing a change in their biological strategies to become an invasive species. Regarding the management of the invasion by means of manual removal of nests, we suggest to do it in winter, at the front, and yearly. Finally, P. pygmaea seems to be affected by L. humile in the front, and to be benefitting in the centre, because L. humile reduces the competitive pressure on it by retracting other native species in the centre, and also because the existence of a certain degree of habituation between these two species
El comportament de L. humile per niar a l'hivern sembla ser intrínsec, i el seu èxit com a espècie invasora no basar-se ni en un canvi en l'organització social, ni en la seva manera de niar associada a la introducció en nous hàbitats. Les diferències en la inversió energètica en reines semblen respondre als diferents contextos ecològics de les zones estudiades. Per tant, L. humile podria patir un canvi en les seves estratègies biològiques per tal de convertir-se en una espècie invasora. Pel que fa a la gestió de la invasió mitjançant l'extirpació manual de nius, es suggereix fer-la a l'hivern, al front de la invasió i anualment. Finalment, sembla que L. humile perjudica P. pygmaea al front, i la beneficia al centre, gràcies a que li disminueix la pressió competitiva, al centre, retraient a les altres formigues natives, i a l'existència d'un cert grau d'habituació entre ambdues espècies

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Oliveras, Huix Jordi. "Efectes de la invasió de la formiga argentina, Linepithema humile (Mayr), sobre el procés de dispersió de llavors de plantes mediterrànies." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7653.

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La formiga invasora Linepithema humile (Mayr), també coneguda com la formiga argentina, és una espècie present a la península Ibèrica. En aquesta tesi s'ha estudiat com afecta la presència d'aquesta espècie plaga a la comunitat de formigues autòctones y al procés de dispersió de llavors de plantes mediterrànies. L'estudi es va dur a terme en una àrea de sureda i brolla d'estepes i bruc boal situada al nord-est peninsular, prop de la línia de costa mediterrània.
Un dels primers y més notables efectes de la invasió a les nostres àrees d'estudi és la dramàtica alteració de la comunitat de formigues, en forma de una reducció de la riquesa específica i de la homogeneïtat d'abundàncies. A més, a les zones envaïdes no hi queda cap espècie de formiga autòctona dispersant de llavors. A causa de la gran abundància d'obreres de la formiga argentina a les zones envaïdes, i del seu elevat ritme d'activitat, aquesta espècie efectua un intens rastreig del sòl, la qual cosa li permet localitzar els recursos en un temps menor que les formigues autòctones de les zones no envaïdes. No obstant, la obertura mandibular de la comunitat de formigues esdevé molt disminuïda a les zones envaïdes a causa de la desaparició de les espècies autòctones, la majoria d'elles de mida més grossa que la formiga argentina, la qual cosa podria limitar la capacitat de manipulació de l'entorn que té la comunitat de formigues a les zones envaïdes, i podria explicar la falta de reemplaçament d'alguns dels rols que duien a terme les espècies de formigues autòctones abans de la invasió.
La formiga argentina es mostra atreta per les llavors de les nou espècies vegetals estudiades (dues euforbiàcies: Euphorbia biumbellata i E. characias; dues compostes: Cirsium vulgare i Galactites tomentosa; i cinc papilionàcies: Genista linifolia, G. monspessulana, G. triflora, Sarothamnus arboreus i Ulex parviflorus), arribant a transportar i fins i tot introduir al niu algunes llavors, però amb probabilitats inferiors a les realitzades per les formigues autòctones de les zones no envaïdes. No obstant, el seu comportament davant les nou espècies de llavors és variable, de manera que sembla que el seu efecte sobre la dispersió de llavors podria ser diferent per a cada espècie vegetal. L'alteració del procés de dispersió no sembla alterar l'èxit reproductiu d'una espècie concreta, Euphorbia characias, a les zones envaïdes; ni el seu reclutament, ni la distribució espacial, ni la supervivència de les plàntules són significativament diferents a les zones envaïdes que a les no envaïdes.
La desaparició de les espècies de formigues granívores de les zones envaïdes pot afectar la dinàmica de les llavors de plantes no mirmecòcores. Així, les llavors de tres papilionàcies (Calicotome spinosa, Psoralea bituminosa i Spartium junceum) resulten amb un menor nivell de transports (i probablement menor depredació) a les zones envaïdes per la formiga argentina.
The invasive ant Linepithema humile (Mayr), known as the Argentine ant, is present in the Iberian peninsula. This thesis is focused on the effect of the presence of this pest ant over the native ant community and the seed dispersal process of Mediterranean plants. The study was carried out in a cork oak secondary forest situated in the north-eastern Iberian peninsula, near the Mediterranean coast.
One of the first and most notorious effects of the invasion in our study areas is the dramatic alteration of the ant community, with a reduction of the ant species richness and the homogeneity of abundances. Moreover, any native seed dispersal ant remains at the invaded zones. Due to the higher abundance of Argentine ant workers in the invaded areas, and their higher "tempo" of activity, this species carries out an intense soil surface searching and can find resources in a lower time than native ants do in the non-invaded zones. However, the mandible gap of the ant community becomes highly reduced in the invaded zones due to the displacement of the native ant species, most of them bigger than the Argentine ant. This could limit the ability of ants in handling the environment in the invaded zones, and could explain the lack of replacement of some tasks carried out by the native ants before the invasion.
The Argentine ant is attracted by the seeds of the nine studied plant species (two euforbiaceae: Euphorbia biumbellata and E. characias; two compositae: Cirsium vulgare and Galactites tomentosa; and five papilionaceae: Genista linifolia, G. monspessulana, G. triflora, Sarothamnus arboreus and Ulex parviflorus), transporting and even introducing some seeds to the nest, but with lower probabilities than the native ants in the non-invaded zones. However, its behavior in front of the nine seed species is variable, so the effect over the seed dispersal process could be different for each plant species. The alteration of the seed dispersal process appears not to affect the reproductive success of a single species, Euphorbia characias, in the invaded zones; neither recruitment, spatial distribution, nor survival of seedlings are significantly different between the invaded and the non-invaded zones.
The disappearance of the native granivorous ant species from the invaded zones can affect the seed dynamics of non-myrmecochorous species. In this sense, seeds of three papilionaceae (Calicotome spinosa, Psoralea bituminosa and Spartium junceum) result with a lower level of transport (and probably lower predation) in zones invaded by the Argentine ant.

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Abril, Sílvia. "Estudi d'aspectes biològics de la formiga argentina (Linepithema humile, Mayr) encarat al control de la plaga en ecosistemes naturals." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7660.

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La present tesi intenta obtenir noves dades referents a la biologia i ecologia de la formiga argentina que poden arribar a ser cabdals per al disseny o millora de noves metodologies de control de l'expansió de la plaga en ecosistemes naturals. Així doncs, l'estudi de l'activitat de cerca d'aliment i del seu espectre dietari en ecosistemes naturals, juntament amb el de les fluctuacions estacionals de la densitat de reines en nius naturals, obre les portes a la millora de mètodes de control de la plaga mitjançant esquers tòxics d'efecte retardat i a l'aplicació de noves metodologies de control sense l'ús d'agents químics basats en l'eliminació massiva de reines. La tesi també aporta noves dades sobre la fisiologia reproductiva de l'espècie en relació a la temperatura, la qual cosa permet la integració de l'aspecte fisiològic en models de predicció del rang potencial d'establiment de la plaga en ecosistemes naturals, aspecte fins ara pràcticament oblidat en aquest tipus de models predictius.
The present work attempts to obtain new information about the biology and ecology of this species in order to improve or design new control methods to stop the expansion of the plague in natural ecosystems. In that sense, the study of its foraging activity and dietary spectrum in natural environments, as well as the report of its annual fluctuations in the queen's densities of natural nests, open the door to the improvement of control methodologies based on the use of toxic baits, as well as to the design of new control methods based on the mechanical elimination of queens without the use of chemical procedures. This work also provides new data about the species' reproductive physiology according to temperature, which allow the application in predictive models of the physiological needs of the species to establish in a certain natural area.

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Pitt, Joel Peter William. "Modelling the spread of invasive species across heterogeneous landscapes." Diss., Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/912.

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Invasive species are well known to cause millions of dollars of economic as well as ecological damage around the world. New Zealand, as an island nation, is fortunate because it has the opportunity to regulate and monitor travel and trade to prevent the establishment of new species. Nevertheless foreign species continue to arrive at the borders and continue to cross them, thus requiring some form of management. The control and management of a new incursion of an invasive species would clearly benefit from predictive tools that might indicate where and how quickly the species is likely to spread after it has established. During the process of spread an invasing species must interact with a complex and heterogeneous environment and the suitability of the habitat in a region determines whether it survives. Many dispersal models ignore such interactions and while they may be interesting theoretical models, they are less useful for practical management of invasive species. The purpose of this study was to create and investigate the behaviour of a spatially explicit model that simulates insect dispersal over realistic landscapes. The spatially explicit model (Modular Dispersal in GIS, MDiG) was designed as am open-source modular framework for dispersal simulation integrated within a GIS. The model modules were designed to model an an approximation of local diffusion, long distance dispersal, growth, and chance population mortality based on the underlying suitability of a region for establishment of a viable population. The spatially explicit model has at its core a dispersal module to simulate long distance dispersal based an underlying probability distribution of dispersal events. This study illustrates how to extract the frequency of long distance dispersal events, as well as their distance, from time stamped occurrence data, to fit a Cauchy probability distribution that comprises the dispersal module. An investigation of the long distance dispersal modules behaviour showed that, in general, it generated predictions of the rate of spread consistent with those of analytical partial differential and integrodifference equations. However, there were some differences. Spread rate was found to be mainly dependent on the measurement technique used to determine the invasion front or boundary, therefore an alternative method to determine the boundary of a population for fat-tailed dispersal kernels is presented. The method is based on the point of greatest change in population density. While previously it was thought that number of foci rather than foci size was more important in stratified dispersal and that finer resolution simulations would spread more quickly, simulations in this study showed that there is an optimal resolution for higher spread rates and rate of area increase. Additionally, much research has suggested that the observed lag at the beginning of an invasion may be due to lack of suitable habitats or low probability of individuals striking the right combination of conditions in a highly heterogeneous environment. This study shows an alternative explanation may simply be fewer dispersal event sources. A case study is described that involved the application of the spatially explicit dispersal model to Argentine ant spread to recreate the invasion history of that species in New Zealand. Argentine ant is a global invasive pest which arrived in New Zealand in 1990 and has since spread to both main islands of New Zealand, primarily through human mediated dispersal. The spatially explicit simulation model and its prediction ability were compared to that of a uniform spread model based on equivalent total area covered. While the uniform spread model gave more accurate predictions of observed occurrences early in the invasion process it was less effective as the invasion progressed. The spatially explicit model predicted areas of high probability of establishment (hot spots) consistent with where populations have been found but accuracy varied between 40-70% depending on the year of the simulation and parameter selection. While the uniform spread model sometimes slightly outperformed or was equivalent to the simulation with respect to accuracy early in the invasion process, it did not show the relative risk of establishment and was less effective later in the invasion when stochastic random events generated by the simulation model were averaged to represent trends in the pattern of spread. Additionally, probabilistic predictions as generated by the spatially explicit model allow the uncertainty of prediction to be characterised and communicated. This thesis demonstrates that heterogeneous spread models can give more insight and detail than one dimensional or homogeneous spread models but that both can be useful at different stages of the invasion process. The importance of compiling appropriate data on dispersal and habitat suitability to aid invasion management has been highlighted. Additionally, a number of important hypotheses that need to be addressed to increase understanding of how species interact with the complex environment, have been identified and discussed.

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Tedesco, Laura. "Democracy in Argentina : hope and disillusion /." London [u.a.] : Frank Cass, 1999. http://www.gbv.de/dms/sub-hamburg/268875022.pdf.

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Oliveira, Danieli Munique Fontes da Silveira. "Casa de microrrelatos : a caracterização do microrrelato em Casa de Geishas, de Ana María Shua /." São José do Rio Preto, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/180932.

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Orientador: Roxana Guadalupe Herrera Alvarez
Banca: Cláudio Aquati
Banca: Pablo Simpson Kilzer Amorim
Banca: Antonio Roberto Esteves
Banca: Ana Cecilia Arias Olmos
Resumo: O presente trabalho pretende elaborar uma reflexão em torno de um conjunto de microrrelatos presente no livro Casa de Geishas da escritora argentina Ana María Shua. As cinquenta narrativas breves que fazem parte dessa reunião de microrrelatos expõem os segredos e as curiosidades de um inusitado prostíbulo do porto que abriga mulheres misteriosas especialistas em gerar os mais variados tipos de prazer. Essas narrativas permitem uma ponderação entre as suas personagens e as peculiaridades do próprio gênero em questão. Considerando essa premissa, o objetivo deste estudo é desenvolver uma reflexão sobre essas características representadas pelas gueixas de Shua para legitimar o microrrelato como um gênero literário independente de outros com os quais possui proximidade. As reflexões voltadas para a caracterização do microrrelato desenvolvidas por Lagmanovich (2006) e Andres-Suárez (2010) são utilizadas como embasamento teórico para este trabalho. Refletindo também sobre a relação entre leitor e texto literário, observa-se que o microrrelato, devido à elipse presente em sua composição, conta com a colaboração do leitor para a construção da trama narrativa, já que esta não se desenvolve inteiramente nas poucas linhas impressas no papel. Para versar sobre esse assunto, foi utilizado o trabalho de Eco (1986) que considera o processo de interação entre o leitor e obra literária. Valendo-se do uso de metáforas, ironia, humor, ambiguidade, entre outros recursos, Shua desenvolve a sua...
Abstract: This study aims to elaborate a reflection on a set of microrrelatos from the book Casa de Geishas by the Argentine writer Ana María Shua. The first fifty short narratives that are part of the reunion of microrrelatos expose the secrets and the curiosities of a usual port brothel that shelters mysterious experts women in generating the most varied types of pleasure. These narratives allow a balance between its characters and the peculiarities of the genre itself. Given the premise, this work proposes to develop an analysis about these characteristics represented by the gueishas of Shua in order to legitimize the microrrelato as a literary genre independent of others with which it has proximity. The reflections related to the characterization of the microrrelato developed by Lagmanovich (2006) e AndresSuárez (2010) are used as theoretical basis in this study. Reflecting on the relation between the reader and the literary text, it is considered that the microrrelato, due to the ellipsis present in its composition, needs the reader's collaboration to the construction of the narrative plot, since it does not develop itself entirely in the few lines printed in the paper. To discuss about it, it is used the ideas developed by Eco (1986), who considers the process of interaction between the reader and the literary work. Using metaphors, irony, humor, ambiguity and other resources, Shua develops her Casa de Gueixas to become House of Microrrelatos or Book of Microrrelatos
Doutor

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23

Pereira, Priscila 1983. "Entre a épica e a paródia = a (des) mistificação do gaucho nos quadrinhos de Inodoro Pereyra, el renegau." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/278675.

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Orientador: José Alves de Freitas Neto
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
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Resumo: Esta pesquisa analisa as representações do gaucho nos quadrinhos de Inodoro Pereyra, personagem criada pelo humorista argentino Roberto Fontanarrosa na década de 70 do século XX. Nascido como uma paródia da literatura gauchesca, do radioteatro e do folclore argentino, a trajetória do renegau retoma a metáfora sarmientina civilização e barbárie, que atravessa não só a história deste país, mas se inscreve na tradição política de toda a América Latina. Neste sentido, através dos quadrinhos deste gaucho é possível rediscutir importantes questões que marcaram a história da República Argentina, tais como as oposições entre pampa e litoral, unitários e federais, nacionalismo e cosmopolitismo, e que compõem a imagem de uma nação dividida. Além disso, a epopéia vivida pela personagem permite que redimensionemos o tema "as duas Argentinas", tendo em vista que este quadrinho está transpassado por imagens relacionadas ao imaginário social desta nação
Abstract: This research analyzes the representations of the gaucho in the comics of Inodoro Pereyra, a character created by the Argentine comedian Roberto Fontanarrosa, in the 70s of the twentieth century. Born as a parody of Gauchesca literature, of radiotheater and of Argentine folklore, the renegau's trajectory retakes the sarmientina metaphor of civilization and barbarism, which crosses not only the History of this country, but also inscribes itself in all Latin America's political tradition. In this sense, through the comic of this gaucho, it is possible to rediscuss important issues that have marked the history of the Argentine Republic such as the oppositions between pampa and coast, unitary and federal, nationalism and cosmopolitanism, which composes the image of a divided nation. Moreover, the epopee experienced by the character allows us to resize the theme "two Argentinas". Considering that, this comic is transfixed by images related to the social imagination of this nation
Mestrado
Politica, Memoria e Cidade
Mestre em História

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Baralle, Marina. "Characterizing the household : a study of vessel use and function for reconstructing the socio-economic organization of a pre-Hispanic community in the Calchaquí Valley, Argentina." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610617.

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Medina, María Clara. "Landless women, powerful men : land, gender and identity in NW Argentina (Colalao-El Pichao, 1850-1910) /." Göteborg, 2002. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=013153551&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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26

Sciacca, Emilie. "La reconstruction de l'identité argentine dans la Telenovela Montecristo (Argentine, Telefe, 2006)." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00684392.

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Montecristo est une telenovela argentine, émise en 2006 sur Telefé. Il s'agit de l'adaptation de l'oeuvre d'Alexandre Dumas. Dans un premier temps, cette thèse est basée sur la question d'un renouvellement de la forme. La telenovela pousse l'incorporation du réel dans la fiction jusqu'a son paroxysme. En effet, en plus d'être l'adaptation d'un roman, elle transpose les aventures de Edmond Dantes aux années post-dictatoriales de l'Argentine avec pour toile de fond la torture, la collaboration des civils, les disparus et la recherche de l'identité. En effet, le pays connu en 1976 une des plus féroces dictatures d'Amérique Latine (1976-1983). Nous analyserons également dans cette thèse l'évolution socio-culturelle depuis les années 70 jusqu'en 2006 afin de déterminer quel fut le contexte d'émergence d'un nouveau discours contre hégémonique. Enfin, l'axe le plus important de ce travail est la question de l'identité. En effet, au cours des trois années d'investigations sur Montecristo, nous nous sommes demandé si, à travers les aventures de Santiago, le public ne vivait pas, comme par procuration, une quête de sa propre identité. En ce sens, nous approfondirons le concept de sujet culturel défini dans un espace complexe, hétérogène, conflictuel, dans lequel les marques sémiotico-idéologiques se trouvent redistribuées

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27

Giordano, Maria Graciela. "Más allá del trauma colectivo : represión y exilio en la narrativa de mujeres y el cine argentino." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=100610.

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Argentine literature at the close of the twentieth century is characterized by a marked interest in the themes of dictatorship, marginality, and exile. Given the shifting of public and private spaces in the country's recent history, a "sinister" space has appeared in the collective subconscious, where all that was negated, prohibited and repressed is now (re)surfacing with tremendous energy in a constant probing into the collective memory effectuated from still present traumas without closure.
The purpose of this dissertation is to analyse the "social tics" which flourish in various art forms, as well as in the underpinnings of Argentine society, and come from the fact that collective suffering has created a defined present which controls the past, and, inevitably, influences the future. In turn, certain themes thus emerge from subjective and fragmented spaces of enunciation where memory plays a crucial role.
In order to do this, I concentrate here on alternative cultural productions to the official propaganda produced during and after the period of dictatorship, paying special attention to women's narratives and testimonies or memoirs of repression. Finally, I undertake an analysis of certain selected cinematographic productions which, like the contemporary literature analysed here, also form part of the movement that demonstrates the need to question Argentine reality---present and past---by foregrounding collective and individual memory in opposition to the generalized trend of amnesia/anaesthesia to point up the very real danger inherent in such "historic amnesia." Taken together, these works reveal the existence of a past that must be recaptured and redeemed, but which, given the existence of the negated and silenced "sinister" space in contemporary reality, forms only a small part of Argentine history still under construction.

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Mariani, Américo. "De la démocratie en Argentine : représenter le peuple après le 2001." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00812345.

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"Populisme", "abstentionnisme", "rupture de confiance", "défiance des politiques", "médiacratie", "affaiblissement de l'État", "perte de contenu de la citoyenneté", la liste n'est pas close. Tous ces phénomènes sont parfois ramenés sous le mot commode de crise ; crise de la représentation, crise de la démocratie, crise du politique. Phénomènes complexes et multiformes qui peuvent être saisis, dans de multiples lieux et par des disciplines diverses. Cette recherche part d'abord d'une situation, celle de l'Argentine contemporaine. Connaissant, depuis 1983, une période de relative stabilité politique répondant aux critères basiques du "régime démocratique" elle a connu un moment critique sur les plans politique, économique et social en 2001. Cet événement a été marqué par un profond rejet de la classe politique exprimé dans la consigne "que se vayan todos" [qu'ils s'en aillent tous] scandée dans les manifestations. Si à l'époque les assemblées de quartier, les "usines récupérées", les réseaux de troc, les organisations de chômeurs ont attiré l'attention pour ce qu'elles portaient de rupture avec le passé, apparaissant comme des lieux de réinvention du politique, il a été très vite évident que les "vieilles" institutions politiques seraient les vraies actrices du "retour à la normale". Le chercheur choisit alors un point d'entrée ; ce sera le Parlement. Considérant cette institution comme une sorte de négatif que viendraient impressionner les changements de la société. Sur la photo, nous percevons la réalité, mais selon la mise au point, la quantité de lumière, le cadre choisi, la photo est avant tout une des représentations possibles de la réalité. Dès lors, il s'agit moins de s'intéresser à l'institution qu'à la pratique représentative, c'est-à-dire à l'activité des représentant(e)s et au Parlement comme "espace public". S'intéresser d'abord à la représentation en train de se faire, à ce qui se construit entre "un dedans" de l'institution et "un dehors" de la société parce que la représentation est, avant tout, coupure entre le représentant et le représenté. Lorsque les représenté(e)s s'agitent et s'organisent, cela perturbe la pratique représentative plus habituée à figurer les absent(e)s. Le gouvernement représentatif est pris dans une contradiction ; entre désertion des urnes et surinvestissement de la sphère publique ; désintéressement et interruption ; entre logique de la police et démocratie. Fondée sur une recherche en sociologie, cette thèse s'attache, dans un domaine habituellement réservé à la science politique, à comprendre la représentation politique comme une pratique sociale.

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Baiany, Mara Cristiane Rodrigues Silveira. "Ageing, maturation and seasonal growth of the Argentine short-finned squid lIlex argentinus (Cephalopoda: Ommastrephidae) commercially fished in southern Brazil." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FURG, 2011. http://repositorio.furg.br/handle/1/4267.

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Dissertação(mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Programa de Pós–Graduação em Oceanografia Biológica, Instituto de Oceanografia, 2011.
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Exemplares de Illex argentinus capturados pela pesca comercial ao longo do sul do Brasil foram amostrados mensalmente de Março de 2007 a Janeiro de 2008, para comprimento dorsal do manto (ML), sexo, idade e maturidade e para comparação entre ‘estação fria’ (Junho-Novembro) e ‘estação quente’ (Dezembro-Maio). Os machos foram 51.5% da amostra, 106-330 mm, 96-275 dias; enquanto que as fêmeas foram 48.5%, 114-341 mm, 124-257 dias. A distribuição de freqüência de ML mostrou que exemplares pequenos ocorreram durante todo o ano enquanto que os machos e a fêmeas grandes ocorreram apenas na ‘estação fria’. O retro-cálculo da data de eclosão mostrou uma desova anual, sendo mais intensa nos meses frios. 131-330 mm ML e 147-275 dias foram os mínimos e os máximos encontrados para os machos maturos, enquanto que para as fêmeas foram 166-341 mm e 146-257 dias. A média do ML na maturidade foi de 181,2 mm e 156,3 mm para fêmeas e machos, respectivamente, e, 79,8% das fêmeas maturas estavam acasaladas. A fase paralarval teve uma média de 28,4 dias e não houve diferença sazonal e no sexo. O crescimento (incremento médio diário ML) dos calamares eclodidos na ‘estação quente’ e que cresceram como juvenis e maturos na ‘estação fria’ foi maior do que aqueles eclodiram na ‘estação fria’. O oposto foi observado para os calamares que eclodiram na ‘estação fria’. De acordo com estes resultados, Illex argentinus pquenos e maturos, desovam e eclodem no sul do Brasil em todas as estações e têm uma fase paralarval menor do que os exemplares de latitudes mais altas. A mistura de calamares pequenos eclodidos por todo o ano e calamares maiores desovantes de inverno é sugerido.
Specimens of Illex argentinus from commercial trawl catches along Southern Brazil were sampled monthly for dorsal mantel length (ML), sex, age and maturity from March 2007 to January 2008 in order to compare the cold season (June to November) and the warm season (December to May). Males (51.5%, 106-330 mm, 96-275 days) and females (48.5%, 114-341 mm, 124-257 days) were sampled. ML frequency distributions showed that small specimens occurred year round while larger males and females occurred only in the cold season. Back-calculated hatching dates showed year-round spawning, which is more intense in cold months. Mature males were 131-330mm and 147-275 days and females were 166-341 mm and 146-257 days. Mean ML’s at maturity were 181.2 mm and 156.3 mm for females and males, respectively, and 79.8% of the mature females was mated. The mean paralarval phase was 28.4 days without seasonal and sex differences. Growth (daily mean ML increment) of squids hatched in the warm season that grew as juveniles and matured in the cold season was higher than the growth of the ones hatched in the cold season. The opposite was observed in squids that hatched in the cold season. According to these results, small sized Illex argentinus that mature, spawn and hatch in southern Brazil in all seasons have a shorter paralarval phase than specimens in higher latitudes. The mixture of small sized squids hatching year round and large sized squid spawning in winter is suggested.

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30

Degiovanni, Fernando J. "Los textos de la patria nacionalismo, políticas culturales y canon en Argentina /." Rosario : Beatriz Viterbo Editora, 2007. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/181885653.html.

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31

Cypriánová, Michaela. "Gastronomie Argentiny." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-206850.

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The aim of this thesis is to characterize Argentinian gastronomy with emphasis on regional differences and also to ascertain a situation of representation of Argentinian gastronomy in Prague. The thesis is divided into six chapters where the first two chapters deal with the theoretical background, namely the importance of tourism and gastronomy and their mutual relationship and also a description of the locality of Argentina from the point of view of geographical, demographical, historical and economic. The third chapter is already devoted to Argentinian gastronomy: it contains characteristics of Argentina, a description of way of eating of Argentinians, a list of the most typical Argentinean dishes and beverages and an overview of selected culturally gastronomic attractions in the country. The following chapter characterizes Argentinian gastronomic regions with emphasis on their geographical and gastronomic differences. The fifth chapter analyzes representation of Argentinian gastronomy in Prague and compares in detail five selected Prague establishments that focus on Argentinian gastronomy. The last part summarizes the findings, draws conclusions and gives recommendations to improve the situation.

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Saracco, Jose Norberto. "Argentine Pentecostalism : its history and theology." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322965.

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This dissertation is presented as a contribution to the study of the History and Theology of Argentine Pentecostalism. Attention is given to the social, political and religious context in which the events have taken place and the tendencies deriving from them are examined. The work is divided into three parts. In Part I, the study of the origin and development of Pentecostalism shows the correlation between the historical process and the distinctive features of Argentine society. At the same time the non-denominational and independent origin of the movement is established. Part II provides examples of ministry and predominant theological emphases. Special attention is given to elements that form the pastoral profile, theological education and the ministry of women. In the theological field, besides analysing the development of doctrines common to Pentecostalism, such as baptism in the Holy Spirit and divine healing, the decisive influence of the Latter Rains Movement is underlined. Three models of evangelism which have affected Pentecostal theology and practice are examined. Part III concentrates on movements towards unity and the way in which churches linked to missionary bodies have blocked this process as a result of ideological pressure from their denominational headquarters. The investigation closes with indications of some of the hazards and prospects to which the largest denomination in Argentina and Latin America is exposed.

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Giorgio, Alexandre Augusto. "Comunicação e advocacia - o advogado como legítimo mediador da comunicação dos direitos coletivos e difusos no Brasil e na Argentina." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/84/84131/tde-31082012-113941/.

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O presente trabalho tem como premissa principal que o advogado é o mediador mais adequado para fazer a divulgação, através da publicidade, dos direitos coletivos e difusos dos cidadãos, no Brasil e na Argentina. Diante disso, propôs-se analisar o efeito que as sociedades modernas e a evolução das tecnologias da comunicação exerceram sobre a comunicação, e sobre os processos de conquista da democracia nos dois países. Procurou-se identificar que o advogado é agente transformador da Justiça quando leva ao judiciário as mais variadas demandas oriundas das transformações da sociedade. Através dos Estudos Culturais, em diálogo com os hibridismos culturais, procurou-se provar que o medo de uma comunicação de massa hipnotizante, é infundado. Por fim, foram buscados argumentos que procuram colocar a comunicação do advogado com a sociedade brasileira e argentina como peça fundamental para a consolidação da democracia nos dois países.
This paper has as main premiss that the lawyer is the most adequate mediator to spread, thru publicity, of the collective and diffuse rights of the citizens in Brazil and Argentina. In view of this, we propose to analyze the effects that the modern societies and the evolution of communication technologies exercise upon the communication and the processes of conquest of democracy in both countries. We tried to identify that the lawyer is a transforming agent of Justice when he brings to the judiciary the most various demands produced by the transformation of the society. Thru Cultural Studies, in dialogue with cultural hybridity, we tried to proof that the fear of the hypnotizing mass communication is unfounded. At last, we searched arguments that try to place the communication of the lawyer with the Brazilian and Argentinean society as a master piece for the democracy consolidation in both countries.

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Muratorio, Jorge Ignacio. "Design and Regulatory Institutionality in Argentine Law." Derecho & Sociedad, 2016. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118393.

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The present article describe us an overview of regulatory law, his function and thecharacteristics that it should present to achieve the goal of improve some relevant economic activities for the needs of the society. After that, the author will describe us the present situation of regulation on Argentinian law.
El presente artículo nos describe un panorama del derecho regulatorio, su función y las características que debe poseer, para cumplir su fin de optimizar actividades económicas que importen al bienestar de la sociedad. Luego de ello, pasa a describirnos el actual panorama del derecho regulatorio en Argentina.

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Alves, Fernanda Andrade do Nascimento 1983. "As entonações de algumas metaforas cortazarianas : em torno da fotografia e do ato de narrar." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/270127.

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Orientador: Miriam Viviana Garate
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
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Resumo: O presente estudo está pautado pela possibilidade de leitura da obra cortazariana com base em um aspecto relevante de sua trajetória: a dedicação não apenas à ficção, mas também à crítica. Partindo da poética de Cortázar acerca do conto, surgem algumas metáforas e comparações para definir o gênero e para tratar do ato de narrar. Essas metáforas têm diversas entonações ao longo da obra, configurando não apenas uma recorrência temática que atravessa textos ensaísticos e narrativos, mas também uma contaminação dos registros ficcional e crítico. As referências à fotografia e ao jazz, como parâmetros para a construção literária, são temas de reflexão em ensaios que assumem alguns traços ficcionais e são motivos narrativos em contos perpassados pela dimensão crítica. Os contos assumem o discurso crítico dentro de sua própria estrutura, questionando o ato de narrar; os ensaios, muitas vezes, têm a estratégia argumentativa baseada na constituição de uma imagem e no recurso ao anedótico; os textos que compõem os livros-almanaque transitam entre a ficção, o autobiográfico e o ensaístico. Desse modo, a comparação entre conto e fotografia, discutida em "Algunos aspectos del cuento" (1962), já havia sido ficcionalizada no conto "Las babas del diablo" (1959) e é retomada em "Apocalipsis de Solentiname" (1977) e em "Ventanas a lo insólito (1978); a busca por uma linguagem desautomatizada, proposta no ensaio "Para una poética" (1954), é trabalhada em "Las babas del diablo" e em "Diario para un cuento" (1982); o princípio analógico explicitado em "Para una poética" culmina no conceito de figura - uma nova forma de percepção da realidade e um efeito buscado nos contos -, retomado em "Cristal con una rosa dentro" (1969), texto cujo gênero é difícil definir e que compõe um dos livrosalmanaque cortazarianos; os "takes", propostos em "Melancolía de las maletas" (1967) como parâmetro para a literatura, parecem definir o movimento narrativo de "Las babas del diablo" e de "Diario para un cuento".
Abstract: This work aims at identifying the reading possibilities in Cortázar's works, based on an important aspect of the author?s path: his commitment not only to fiction, but also to literary criticism. From Cortázar's poetics regarding short stories, it is possible to identify metaphors and similes created in order to define the literary genre and to address the narrative act. Such metaphors assume several intonations throughout the author's work, configuring not only the recurrence of themes which is present in essays and narratives, but also the traces of contamination of fictional writings and critiques. The references to photography and to jazz as parameters for the literary construction are the object of analysis in essays that assume some fictional traces and constitute narrative motifs in short stories which span the dimension of criticism. Cortázar's short novels assume the critical discourse in its own structure, questioning the narrative act; the essays, many times, adopt an argumentative strategy based on the constitution of an image and resort to the anecdotal; the texts that compose the "almanac" books shift between fiction, autobiography and essay. Therefore, the comparison between short story and photography, which is discussed in "Algunos aspectos del cuento" (1962), had already been turned into fiction in the short story entitled "Las babas del diablo" (1959) and is discussed again in "Apocalipsis de Solentiname" (1977) and in "Ventanas a lo insólito" (1978); in "Las babas Del diablo" and "Diário para um cuento", Cortázar is in the quest for a language that is not automated, and such quest is also present in the essay "Para una poética" (1954); the analogy principle shown in "Para una poética" reaches its highest point with the concept of figure - a new form of perception of reality and effect which Cortázar looks for in his short stories -, which is recurrent in "Cristal con una rosa dentro" (1969), a text whose genre cannot be easily defined and that is part of one of Cortázar's "almanac" books; the "takes" proposed in "Melancolía de las maletas" (1967) as literary parameter seem to establish the narrative movement in "Las babas del diablo" and "Diario para un cuento".
Mestrado
Teoria e Critica Literaria
Mestre em Teoria e História Literária

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36

Lenz, Maria Heloísa. "Crescimento econômico e crise na Argentina de 1870 a 1930 : a belle époque /." Porto Alegre : UFRGS Ed, 2004. http://www.gbv.de/dms/sub-hamburg/501286039.pdf.

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37

Wirshing, Irene. "National trauma in postdictatorship Latin American literature Chile and Argentina /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2006.

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38

Montemurro, María Laura. "Scuptures de la Vierge à l'Enfant dans les collections publiques de Buenos Aires, XII-XVIème siècles." Thesis, Dijon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DIJOL023/document.

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Dernièrement, les études sur le patrimoine artistique en Argentine ont fait des progrès importants. Notamment, la recherche des collections d’art publiques et privés a bien avancé. Cependant, l’étude des œuvres médiévales a été presque toujours négligée. L’art médiéval en Argentine est rare, si on le compare avec des styles plus modernes. Mais, il s’y trouve de pièces de haute qualité qui sont très peu connues. Puisque l’étude de ces œuvres est nécessaire pour une meilleure appréciation de notre patrimoine artistique, de sa valorisation et préservation, le principal objectif de cette thèse est de contribuer à la connaissance de ce patrimoine. La grande diversité d’œuvres nous demande de définir un corpus qui deviendra notre sujet d’étude. L’iconographie de la Vierge à l’Enfant est plus représentée que d’autres thématiques, c’est pourquoi nous l’avons privilégié. Etant donné que la quantité de sculptures est supérieure à la quantité de peintures, on a opté pour cette seule technique. Finalement, dans un souci de clarté et d’homogénéité on a délimité notre champ d’étude á la sculpture en bois. La grande diversité d’œuvres nous demande de définir un corpus qui deviendra notre sujet d’étude. L’iconographie de la Vierge à l’Enfant a été le premier critère qu’on a suivi pour faire cette sélection d’œuvres. Etant donné que la quantité de sculptures est supérieure à la quantité de peintures, on a opté pour cette seule technique. Finalement, dans un souci de clarté et d’homogénéité on a délimité notre champ d’étude à la sculpture en bois
During the last years, the building process and history of art collections became a prolific field of study in Argentina. However, research on medieval art in private and public collections in our country received little or no attention. But even if medieval art is considerably less represented than modern styles, there is an interesting amount of high quality medieval pieces exhibited at several museums in Argentina. The main purpose of this thesis is therefore to expand our knowledge of the medieval works of art in public Argentine collections, as related to their origin, dating, interpretation, technique and provenance. These pieces show great diversity of styles, provenance and technique. Such heterogeneity demanded a selection, in order to define a homogeneous corpus of study. Among the many works of medieval art in Argentine museums, the Virgin and Child iconography is the most represented subject - accordingly, that subject has been our first focus of attention. Finally, owing to the abundance of sculpture, we have decided to limit our study to this technique; and in order to give further thematic consistency to our research; we decided to circumscribe our research to woodwork sculpture

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39

Maute, Jutta. "Hyperinflation, currency board, and bust the case of Argentina /." Frankfurt am Main : Lang, 2006. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/71336700.html.

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Carrizo, Silvina Cecilia. "LES HYDROCARBURES EN ARGENTINE : RESEAUX, TERRITOIRES, INTEGRATION." Phd thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00361960.

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Les réseaux d'hydrocarbures en Argentine ont vécu une restructuration brutale, lors de la réforme de l'Etat des années 1990. La dérégulation des activités et les privatisations des entreprises YPF et Gas del Estado ont induit la re-concentration du secteur, désormais sous l'empire des entreprises étrangères, dont Repsol YPF est le leader. La fédéralisation des ressources au bénéfice des provinces contribue à l'affaiblissent et à la décapitalisation de l'Etat.
Ces changements ont entraîné une augmentation de la production d'hydrocarbures, permettant d'atteindre l'autosuffisance et d'exporter. Mais l'expansion insuffisante des réseaux internes semble compromettre la couverture de nouvelles demandes. En revanche, des réseaux d'oléoducs et gazoducs ont été réalisés pour atteindre les marchés externes. Les réseaux argentins s'intègrent à ceux des pays voisins. Cette intégration offre aux pays du Cône Sud une opportunité de mettre en valeur leurs potentiels.
A l'intérieur du pays, les territoires des hydrocarbures font face aux conséquences de la restructuration (chômage, perte d'identité territoriale...). Avec difficulté et des possibilités très différentes, ces territoires, tels Comodoro Rivadavia, Ensenada et Bahía Blanca, cherchent à se réinventer.

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Las, Heras Horacio Raúl. "International Labor Law Standards and Argentine Domestic Law." Derecho & Sociedad, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/117309.

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The following article attempts to address the problem, from the point of view of the labour law, which arises on the interpretation of standards on the basis of an analysis of sources, both internal sources such as international. Whereupon, the author advocates maintain the essence of the protective principle of labour law which will lead to combining rules from different sources to protect both the worker as the structure institutional and legal of the domestic law of each country.
El presente artículo intenta abordar la problemática, desde el punto de vista del derecho laboral, que se presenta en torno a la interpretación de normas laborales partiendo de un análisis de fuentes, ya sea tanto fuente interna como internacional. Con lo cual, el autor aboga por mantener la esencia del principio protector del derecho laboral lo cual llevará a conjugar normas de las diferentes fuentes para proteger tanto al trabajador como a la estructura institucional y legal del derecho interno de cada país.

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42

Vergara, María. "Silence, order, obedience and discipline : the educational discourse of the Argentinean military regime (1976-1983) /." Lund : Lund University Press, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40996223j.

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43

McAllister, Catriona Jane. "Rewriting independence in contemporary Argentine literature : postmodernism, politics and history." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648742.

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Rinaldi, Juan. "Art and geopolitics : politics and autonomy in Argentine contemporary art." Thesis, Kingston University, 2013. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/26287/.

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This thesis critically analyses the implications of a now global capitalist modernity for Theodor W. Adorno's theory of art. The thesis takes as its starting point the sociological presuppositions at play in his social theory and problematises the spatial and historical dimensions in which they are embedded. The analysis of the process of homogenisation of social relations that Adorno presents as a constitutive feature of societies during monopoly capitalism brings to the fore the centrality of the state as administrator. This thesis claims that there is a spatial contradiction in Adorno's definition of society, given that the interconnectedness of capitalism as a system is negated by the restriction of that definition to industrialised societies. In other words, there is a universalisation of the particularity of industrialised societies underlying Adorno's social theory, that hides a functionalist understanding of the state and disavows its constitutive character for capitalist social relations. The introduction of an analysis of the particularity of the state in latin American societies serves as a counterpoint to the societies analysed by Adorno. latin American societies are analysed from the point of view of Dependency Theory, particularly in relation to Henrique Cardoso's and Enzo Faletto's concept of dependent development. This concept allows a further differentiation internal to latin American societies and problematises the common assumption that structural heterogeneity is a key concept for understanding these societies. Consequently, the thesis focuses its analysis on the socio-economic and political situation of the societies in the Southern Cone of South America, particularly Argentina, given their relative social homogenisation during the 1960s. The thesis claims that contrary to Adorno's assumption that capitalist social development destroys collective subjectivities while producing homogenisation, the Southern Cone societies show that development and relative social homogenisation in contexts of dependency do not necessarily produce political neutralisation but rather its opposite. The problematisation of Adorno's social theory is further complicated by the historical development of capitalism during neoliberalism. The decoupling of the spatial grounding of the relation between capital and labour constituted during monopoly capitalism is presented from the point of view of the radical transformation of Argentine society from the mid-1970s onwards. The thesis introduced the concept of the 'destruction of the social' in reference to the central role that the process of accumulation by dispossession, as theorised by David Harvey, has for the transformation of Argentina. Given this expanded global context, the thesis then discusses the effects that the transformation of the relation between capital and labour has for the conditions of production of artistic labour during neoliberalism. In particular, it claims that the 'developmentalist' dynamic that aligns technological development, industrialisation and artistic material in Adorno's concept of the new, has been problematised by the primacy of financial valorisation as a form of accumulation, and the dynamic role that accumulation by dispossession has in it. The emergence of a globally expanded labour theory of culture is analysed in relation to the contemporary art produced in Argentina between the late 1960s and the 2000s. The relation between the socially regressive tendencies developed during this period and artistic technique is analysed throguh the introduction of the notion of the 'return to craft.'

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Courthes, Eric. "Santiago del Estero, foyer dírradiation bilingue argentin." Phd thesis, Université de Nanterre - Paris X, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00005497.

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Travail d'ethnolinguistique où l'auteur tout d'abord que le quichua de Santiago est un substrat et non pas un superstrat, remise en cause donc des limites méridionales du Tawantinsuyu. Dans un deuxième temps, il démontre que quatre siècles et demi de contacts entre quichua et espagnol ont modelé une troisième langue hybride, appelée la castilla, l'espagnol local de ce réduit idiomatique, altéré à tous les niveaux, en particulier au niveau syntaxique, où l'on retrouve de nombreux code switching. Ces influences sont évidemment réciproques, c'est ce que j'ai tenté de démontrer dans un troisième temps, en me penchant sur l'état actuel du quichua de Santiago. Enfin, l'auteur dresse un état des archaïsmes employés dans cette zone bilingue, souvent attribués par erreur au substrat quichua.

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Bianchi, Matías Federico. "The political economy of sub-national democracy : fiscal rentierism and geography in Argentina." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013IEPP0032.

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Cette thèse recherche les causes des expériences divergentes de développement politique et économique dans les provinces de l´Argentine. Malgré les ressources financières importantes et politiques que les provinces moins peuplées reçoivent, un grand nombre parmi elles deviennent chaque fois moins dynamiques du point de vue économique et plus dépendantes de ressources financières venant du gouvernement national. Au même temps les élites locales ont tendance à rester au pouvoir, à construire clientèles, et à dominer les autres branches du gouvernement, ainsi stagnent -et parfois inversent- du processus de démocratisation commencé dans le pays il y a trois décennies. En particulier se proposent deux variables cruciales qui expliquent la démocratisation sous-nationale: les institutions du système fédéral, en particulier les dispositions fiscales et la distribution géographique du développement dans les provinces. Dans la premier, se utilise l´encadre théorique de la « malédiction » du pays exportateurs de pétrole mais se concentre sur les mécanismes par lesquels opèrent. Dans le deuxième, se preuve que le développement de pôles relativement éloignées et autonomes dans quelques provinces, sont facteurs que résistent aux forces centripètes et centralisatrices qui connaissent les provinces rentières
This dissertation investigates the causes for the divergent experiences of political and economic development of the provinces in Argentina. Despite the important fiscal and political resources less populated provinces receive, a large group of them are increasingly less dynamic economically and more dependent on fiscal resources coming from the national government. At the same time, local elites have tended to remain in power through patronage and have surpassed the autonomy of other powers, thus stagnating – and sometimes even reversing – the democratization process started in the country three decades ago. It proposes two explanatory variables that help to explain the sub-national democratization process in Argentina: the fiscal rentierism and the geographical distribution of resources within provinces. In the first case, it is used the theoretical framework of the “resource curse” that explain the paradoxical situation of oil exporting countries. Specifically it focuses on the mechanism through which this phenomenon operates looking to specific cases in detail. In trying to explain cases that have managed to escape the “curse”, it shows that in cases in which human and economic resources are dispersed, has helped those provinces to resist the centripetal forces of fiscal rentierism

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47

Velut, Sébastien. "Mondialisation et développement territorial en Amérique latine. Argentine-Chili." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00203388.

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Ce travail aborde la façon dont la mondialisation a modifié les conditions de développement des territoires en Amérique latine.
Le premier chapitre est consacré à la façon dont a évolué la relation entre développement et territoires.
Le second chapitre situe l'Amérique latine dans la mondialisation contemporaine.
Le troisième chapitre est plus spécifiquement consacré à l'Argentine et au Chili et discute le "modèle chilien" et sa réplication.
Enfin le qutrième chapitre aborde la question de l'intégration continentale.

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48

Fohrig, Alberto. "The origins and consequences of factions in Argentine provincial politics." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.711632.

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49

Palmer, Marcus Sylvan. "Narrator transformations in the work of Arab-Argentine writer Jorge Asís." Diss., University of Iowa, 2014. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1377.

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Jorge Asís's narrative voices are transformed from on text to another. The Arab-Argentine author creates multiple narrators that interact with one another to further develop their textual identities. Discussions of authorial and narrative voices often coalesce into broad statements of alter-egos and pseudonyms that do not fully consider the nexus between them with writing practices. This study analyzes the author-narrator and narrator-narrator bonds in Argentine Orientalist, Mahyar, Costumbrista, and Testimonial writing practices.

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50

Gleghorn, Charlotte Elisabeth. "Body/memory/identity : contemporary Argentine and Brazilian women's film." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.511053.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Argentine ant'

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