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Academic literature on the topic 'Argentine ant'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Argentine ant"

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Touyama, Yoshifumi, and Fuminori Ito. "Argentine Ant Affects Ant-Mimetic Arthropods: Does Argentine Ant Invasion Conserve Colouring Variation of Myrmecomorphic Jumping Spider?" Open Journal of Animal Sciences 04, no. 03 (2014): 144–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojas.2014.43019.

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Phillips, Phil, Ronald Bekey, and George Goodall. "Argentine ant management in cherimoyas." California Agriculture 41, no. 3 (March 1987): 8–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3733/ca.v041n03p8.

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Mlot, C. "Invasive Argentine Ant Is No Picnic." Science News 152, no. 8 (August 23, 1997): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3980791.

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Aron, S. "Queen retrieval in the Argentine ant." Experientia 48, no. 7 (July 1992): 694–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02118322.

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Zina, Vera, Manuela Branco, and José Carlos Franco. "Impact of the Invasive Argentine Ant in Citrus Agroecosystems: Effects on the Diversity and Frequency of Native Ant Species Foraging on Tree Canopy." Insects 11, no. 11 (November 11, 2020): 785. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11110785.

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The invasion of the Argentine ant, Linepithema humile (Mayr) (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) can alter the entire ecosystem with serious impacts on the native community structure (e.g., ant diversity) and processes (e.g., trophic interactions) leading to biodiversity loss and pest outbreaks. Most studies addressing these impacts have been conducted in natural or semi-natural areas, few are those conducted in agricultural ecosystems, such as citrus orchards. These are dominant agricultural ecosystems in Mediterranean landscapes. Furthermore, most studies have been conducted in a short span, not evidencing seasonal fluctuations. In this work, we assessed the ecological impact of the Argentine ant on the native ant communities in citrus orchards, in the region of Algarve, southern Portugal. By using principal response curve, we compared seasonal variation on ant assemblages in invaded and uninvaded citrus orchards foraging on tree canopy from a two-year sampling. The Argentine ant had a marked negative impact on the native ant community foraging on citrus canopy. In the uninvaded orchards, the native ant community had a rich assemblage composed of 16 ant species, in its majority (72%) controlled by the dominant species Lasius grandis Forel, Tapinoma nigerrimum (Nylander) and/or Pheidole pallidula (Nylander). In the invaded orchards, the native ant community was poorer and highly modified, mostly dominated by the Argentine ant (80%). Apparently, the only native ant species not affected by the presence of the Argentine ant was Plagiolepis pygmaea (Latreille). A significant negative effect was found between the proportion of infested trees by L. humile and the number of native ant species per orchard. Differences in the native ant community in the invaded and uninvaded orchards persisted over seasons and years. However, negative impacts were higher in the spring and summer, and less pronounced in the autumn. We discuss implications for citrus pest management.
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Wiltz, Beverly A., Daniel R. Suiter, and Wayne A. Gardner. "Deterrency and Toxicity of Essential Oils to Argentine and Red Imported Fire Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." Journal of Entomological Science 42, no. 2 (April 1, 2007): 239–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-42.2.239.

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Laboratory assays were conducted to evaluate deterrency and contact toxicity of six essential oils to the Argentine ant, Linepithema humile (Mayr), and the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren. In choice tests, both Argentine ants and fire ants crossed barriers treated with multiple rates of basil, citronella, lemon, peppermint, or tea tree oil less frequently than paired control barriers. Eucalyptus oil did not prevent movement of either species at any of the rates tested. In continuous exposure assays, citronella oil killed 50% of Argentine ants in 34.3 min and was the only treatment to cause 100% Argentine ant mortality after 24 h. Argentine ant mortality after 24 h was 89.8% with peppermint oil and 85.7% with tea tree oil, with the remaining treatments having mortality not significantly different from the control. Only citronella oil caused significant mortality of red imported fire ants, with 50.6% of the ants being dead after 24 h of continuous exposure.
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AMATTA, EMILCE, LUIS A. CALCATERRA, and STELLA M. GIANNONI. "Ant species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the three forests of the Ischigualasto Provincial Park, a protected area of the Monte Desert, Argentina." Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 19, no. 3 (May 1, 2018): 831–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190311.

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Amatta E, Calcaterra LA, Giannoni SM. 2018. Ant species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the three forests of the Ischigualasto Provincial Park, a protected area of the Monte Desert, Argentina. Biodiversitas 19: 831-839. Deforestation and overgrazing mediated by the humans have caused a serious process of desertification in the Argentine Monte Desert, which threats biodiversity of this ecosystem. Forests provide important resources and refuge for animal species, such as ants. The objective of this work was to survey the ant fauna of dryland forests of Ischigualasto Provincial Park, a protected area located in the hyper-arid Monte Desert ecoregion in the province of San Juan, Argentina. Ant species were surveyed in summer in three types of forests (Prosopis, Ramorinoa and Bulnesia forests), using a combination of sampling methods: pitfall-traps, baiting, and hand collection. A total of 33 ant species were collected, of which 17 are new records for the Monte Desert and Dry Chaco and 24 for the San Juan province. The species richness is within the range reported for other Argentine desert and semi-desert areas. Prosopis forest was the richest with 32 species (24 exclusive), followed by Ramorinoa and Bulnesia forests with 11 and 4 species, respectively. This study contributes to improve the knowledge of ant fauna in desert habitats of the world, especially those inhabiting Prosopis forests, which are the most important ant diversity hotspots within the hyper-arid desert.
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Human, K. G., and D. M. Gordon. "Behavioral interactions of the invasive Argentine ant with native ant species." Insectes Sociaux 46, no. 2 (May 1, 1999): 159–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000400050127.

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Hara, A. H. "Argentine Ant Control on Protea, Hawaii, 1984." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 11, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 428–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/11.1.428a.

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Abstract Durban 50WP and Dycarb 76WP were tested as a barrier treatment against Argentine ants foraging into protea flowers. Trees were pruned to assure no connection to the ground, except for the main tree trunk. Insecticides were applied on 17 Aug and 28 Sep around the base of the tree (1-ft radius on the ground to 1-ft above the base of the tree) with a compressed air sprayer equipped with a No. 8004 Teejet® nozzle. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with 5 trees per treatment. Flowers were harvested weekly and observed for ants.
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Vogel, Valérie, Jes S. Pedersen, Tatiana Giraud, Michael J. B. Krieger, and Laurent Keller. "The worldwide expansion of the Argentine ant." Diversity and Distributions 16, no. 1 (January 2010): 170–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2009.00630.x.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Argentine ant"

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Choe, Dong-Hwan. "Necrophoric behavior of the Argentine ant, Linepithema humile (Mayr) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), and its implications for horizontal transfer of slow-acting insecticides." Diss., UC access only, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=106&did=1871866051&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=7&retrieveGroup=0&VType=PQD&VInst=PROD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1270485146&clientId=48051.

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Vorster, Carlien. "Distribution and bait preference of the Argentine ant in natural vegetation." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/17979.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2011.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Since its introduction in 1898 into South Africa, the Argentine ant, Linepithema humile [Mayr 1868 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)], has invaded human-occupied areas (i.e. urban and agricultural areas) and natural areas characterised by few, if any, anthropogenic disturbances. However, compared to other countries in which the Argentine ant has been recorded, and until the past few decades, very little research had been done on this invasive ant in South Africa. Consequently, several issues concerning its ecological and social effects are still under-researched. The first of these issues concerns the lack of knowledge about the distribution of the Argentine ant in the natural areas, particularly the protected areas (PAs), of South Africa. In order to determine how many PAs are occupied by this invasive ant, a study was conducted in the Western Cape Province (WCP). It was found that, of the 614 PAs documented for WCP, ten have a known presence and nine known absence records of the Argentine ant. The remainder of the PAs have no known occupancy records for this ant. A second issue concerns the seasonal bait preference of the Argentine ant in a fynbos habitat. Six bait treatments (two carbohydrate and protein baits, a mixture of the carbohydrate and protein treatments, and a control) were applied in a fynbos habitat across a sampling grid in four different Latin Square designs, i.e. once for every season. Based on these experiments, it was determined that the Argentine ant prefers the mixture of carbohydrate and protein treatments, and that this preference does not change according to season. Furthermore, previous studies conducted in Jonkershoek Nature Reserve [JNR (in WCP)] determined the existence of a distribution boundary of Argentine ants in an area known as Swartboschkloof. Therefore, the third issue concerned the exact location of the distribution boundary and possible reasons for its establishment. This distribution boundary of the Argentine ant was found to be present 450 m from Swartboschkloof hiking trail. A combination of several explanatory variables may contribute to the maintenance of this boundary, i.e. a change in the horizontal and vertical vegetation distribution, as well as in the slope and aspect across the distribution boundary. With these explanatory variables, the increasing presence of an indigenous ant species, Anoplolepis custodiens, from this boundary may also have contributed to the distribution boundary. In addition, the short-term effect of a fire that swept through this area was also assessed, which revealed that Argentine ants are severely negatively affected by fire (at least over the short-term), i.e. their abundance decreased considerably after the fire and their local distribution range contracted. The final issue concerns the public perceptions of invasive alien species (IAS) in general and the Argentine ant specifically, at JNR. This study revealed that the majority of visitors to JNR were aware of the presence of IAS in South Africa and in its PAs, while very few visitors knew about the Argentine ant. This study also revealed that future research concerning South Africans perceptions of IAS might play a strong contributing role in conservation.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Sedert die Argentynse mier, Linepithema humile [Mayr 1868 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)], in 1898 in Suid-Afrika ingevoer is, het dié mier mens-bewoonde gebiede (soos stedelike en landbou gebiede) en natuurlike gebiede, gekenmerk deur min, indien enige, antropogeniese versteuringe, binnegedring. Nietemin, in vergelyking met ander lande waar die Argentynse mier opgeteken is, en tot die onlangse paar dekades, is min navorsing oor hierdie indringermier in Suid-Afrika onderneem. Gevolglik is daar verskeie kwessies rondom die mier se ekologiese en sosiale uitwerkinge wat nog nie nagevors is nie. Die eerste kwessie het betrekking op die gebrek aan kennis oor die Argentynse mier se verspreiding in die natuurlike gebiede, veral die beskermde gebiede (BG), van Suid-Afrika. Om te bepaal hoeveel BG deur hierdie indringermier beset word, is ʼn ondersoek in die Wes-Kaapprovinsie (WKP) uitgevoer. Daar is bevind dat, van die 614 BG gedokumenteerd in die WKP, het tien bevestigde aanwesigheid- en nege bevestigde afwesigheidrekords van hierdie mier. Die oorblywende BG het geen bekende besettingsrekords van hierdie mier nie. ʼn Tweede kwessie het betrekking op die seisoenale lokaasvoorkeur van die Argentynse mier in ʼn fynbos habitat. Ses lokaas-behandelings (twee koolhidraat en proteïen lokaas, ʼn mengsel van die koolhidraat en proteïen behandelings, en ʼn kontrole) is aangewend in ʼn fynbos habitat, oor ʼn steekproefruitgebied, in vier verskillende Latyns-kwadraatpatrone (“Latin Sqaure designs”), d.i. een vir elke seisoen. Op grond van hierdie eksperimente is vasgestel dat die Argentynse mier die mengsel van koolhidrate en proteïne verkies, en dat hierdie voorkeur nie seisoenaal verander nie. Boonop, vorige ondersoeke wat in die Jonkershoek Natuurreservaat [JNR (in die WKP)] uitgevoer is, het ʼn verspreidings-grens van Argentynse miere ontdek in ʼn gebied bekend as Swartboschkloof. Gevolglik het die derde kwessie betrekking op die presiese ligging van hierdie grens en moontlike redes waarom dit gevestig het. Dié verspreidings-grens van die Argentynse mier is 450 m vanaf die Swartboschkloof voetslaanpad gevind. ʼn Kombinasie van verskeie verklarende veranderlikes kon tot hierdie grens bygedra het, d.i. ʼn verandering in die horisontale en vertikale plantegroeiverspreiding, sowel as in die helling en ligging oor die verspreidings-grens van die Argentynse mier. Tesame met hierdie verklarende veranderlikes, kon die toenemende teenwoordigheid van ʼn inheemse mier, Anoplolepis custodiens, vanaf hierdie grens ook tot die verspredings-grens bygedra het. Daarbenewens is die korttermyn-effek van ʼn vuur wat deur die area beweeg het, ook bestudeer. Die ondersoek het getoon dat die Argentynse mier (ten minste oor die korttermyn) erg negatief deur vuur beïnvloed is, d.i. hul volopheid het ná die vuur aansienlik verminder en hul plaaslike verspreidings-grens het gekrimp. Die finale kwessie het betrekking op openbare persepsie van uitheemse indringerspesies (UIS) oor die algemeen en spesifiek die Argentynse mier, by JNR. Hierdie ondersoek het aan die lig gebring dat die meerderheid van besoekers aan JNR bewus was van die teenwoordigheid van UIS in Suid-Afrika en in dié se BG, terwyl baie min egter van die Argentynse mier geweet het. Hierdie ondersoek het ook aan die lig gebring dat toekomstige navorsing rakende Suid-Afrikaners se persepsie van UIS ʼn sterk bydra tot bewaring kan maak.
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Buczkowski, Grzegorz Andrzej. "Nestmate recognition and population genetic structure in the Argentine ant, Linepithema humile." NCSU, 2003. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-08182003-091509/.

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The Argentine ant, Linepithema humile, is a widespread invasive species characterized by reduced intraspecific aggression within its introduced range. To gain an understanding of mechanisms underlying nestmate recognition in the Argentine ant, I studied its population genetic structure and the role of genetic vs. environmental cues on aggression. I combine behavioral, genetic, and analytical data to explore the role of exogenous cues and recent changes in the population genetic structure on nestmate recognition in this ant. In Chapter II, I examined population genetic structure and intercolony aggression in two portions of the Argentine ant introduced range: California and the southeastern U.S. I describe factors that may have contributed to the present-day differences in genetic diversity between these two regions and I also suggest ecological factors that may have contributed to regional differences in current distribution patterns of the Argentine ant. In Chapter III, I examined the context-dependency of nestmate discrimination in the Argentine ant and the effect of action thresholds on exogenous cue recognition. I also tested hypotheses that explain a change in action thresholds as well as factors that affect action thresholds. I examined changes in intraspecific aggression in various discrimination contexts. I tested the importance of isolated nest referents on aggression thresholds. In Chapter IV, I examined the impact of different diet-derived hydrocarbons on intraspecific aggression in the Argentine ant and the potential of shared, diet-derived hydrocarbons to produce colony uniformity where intercolony genetic and/or environmental differences exist. In Chapter V, I examined the role of environmental cues on nestmate recognition in two populations of the Argentine ant. I tested the hypothesis that there is geographical variation in the response of Argentine ants to nestmate recognition cues derived from prey. In Appendix I, I use the Argentine ant to compare four aggression bioassays for consistency between replicates, similarity between assays, and ability to predict whole colony interactions. I tested four different aggression assays with two or three scoring methods per assay. I also determined whether isolated aggressive encounters could predict whole colony interactions.
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Suarez, Andrew. "Causes and consequences of biological invasions : the Argentine ant in Southern California /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9984813.

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Roura, i. Pascual Núria. "Predicting Argentine ant invasion across spatial scales via ecological niche models." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7909.

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La formiga argentina (Linepithema humile) es troba entre les espècies més invasores: originària d'Amèrica del Sud, actualment ha envaït nombroses àrees arreu del món. Aquesta tesi doctoral intenta fer una primera anàlisi integrada i multiescalar de la distribució de la formiga argentina mitjançant l'ús de models de nínxol ecològic. D'acord amb els resultats obtinguts, es preveu que la formiga argentina assoleixi una distribució més àmplia que l'actual. Les prediccions obtingudes a partir dels models concorden amb la distribució actualment coneguda i, a més, indiquen àrees a prop de la costa i dels rius principals com a altament favorables per a l'espècie. Aquests resultats corroboren la idea que la formiga argentina no es troba actualment en equilibri amb el medi. D'altra banda, amb el canvi climàtic, s'espera que la distribució de la formiga argentina s'estengui cap a latituds més elevades en ambdós hemisferis, i sofreixi una retracció en els tròpics a escales globals.
Argentine ants (Linepithema humile) rank among the most successful invasive species: native to South America, they have invaded broad areas worldwide. This PhD thesis attempts to take the first step towards an integrated and multi-scalar analysis of the Argentine ant distribution using ecological niche models. According to our results, the Argentine ant is expected to occupy a broader distribution in its worldwide invaded ranges than is currently appreciated. Model predictions are in concordance with the currently known occurrence of the species, and indicate areas near the coast and following the main rivers as highly suitable for the species. These results give additional support to the idea that the Argentine ant is not currently in equilibrium with its environment. According to global climate change scenarios, the Argentine ant is expected to expand to higher northern and southern latitudes, and retract in the tropics at global spatial scales.
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Luruli, Ndivhuwo Mord. "Distribution and impact of the Argentine ant, Linepithema humile (Mayr), in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/19640.

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Thesis (MScAgric)--University of Stellenbosch, 2007.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Invasion by the notorious tramp species, the Argentine ant (Linepithema humile Mayr) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) has caused major concern around the globe, owing to its displacement of native ant species and other invertebrates where it invades. This species was first recorded in South Africa in 1901 in Stellenbosch, Western Cape Province (WCP), and has now become a significant pest in most urban and agricultural areas in the country. The Argentine ant has received relatively little attention in South Africa compared to other countries (e.g. California, North America). To date the extent of invasion by this species countrywide, as well as its impact on the local ant fauna inside protected areas, has not been quantified. In this study, the impact of the Argentine ant on native ant fauna inside three protected areas in the WCP (Helderberg Nature Reserve (HNR), Jonkershoek Nature Reserve (JNR) and Kogelberg Biosphere Reserve KBR)) was assessed. Species richness and diversity were compared between invaded and uninvaded bait stations at each protected area. Several native ant species were found to be displaced by the Argentine ant from all three protected areas, although three species: Meranoplus peringueyi, Monomorium sp. 8 and Tetramorium quadrispinosum, were found coexisting with it. Invaded bait stations had significantly lower ant species richness and species turnover than uninvaded bait stations. Uninvaded bait stations contained eight times more native ant species than invaded bait stations. Thus, the invasion of protected areas by the Argentine ant has severe negative consequences for the species richness and assemblage structure of native ants, leading to the biotic homogenization of these local ant communities. The distribution range of the Argentine ant inside the three protected areas (HNR, JNR, KBR), as well as microhabitat preferences that may facilitate the spread of this species inside these reserves, was also assessed. Helderberg Nature Reserve was the most invaded protected area, with the highest level of the Argentine ant occupancy, while JNR and KBR had lower occupancy levels. At all the three protected areas, this species was dominant at lower altitudinal areas, and also showed a clear preference for areas with high anthropogenic disturbances, i.e. around buildings and on lawns (picnic areas). In this study, there was no evidence that moisture availability facilitates the distribution and spread of the Argentine ant inside these reserves. Finally, a combination of published literature records, museum records and records collected in the current study was used to quantify the current distributional extent of the Argentine ant throughout urban South Africa. This is the first study quantifying the distribution and extent of invasion by the Argentine ant throughout the country. The Argentine ant was found in six of the nine South African Provinces, and its extent of occurrence includes approximately half of the country’s land surface area. Discontinuities in the distribution of the Argentine ant across the country revealed that range expansion of the Argentine ant in South Africa is occurring predominantly via human-mediated jump dispersal, rather than naturally via nest diffusion. This study clearly demonstrated that the Argentine ant is well established across South Africa as well as inside protected areas. The Argentine ant invasion was influenced by the presence of human modified landscapes (i.e. buildings) both at low and high altitude, and this was associated with higher rates of native ant species displacement at these areas. Therefore, limiting the development of recreational areas, such as buildings and picnic sites inside protected areas will result in the lower rate of spread of the Argentine ant. This will in turn lower the extent of displacement of native ant species.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Indringing deur die Argentynse mier (Linepithema humile Mayr) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) is ‘n bron van groot kommer regoor die wêreld, as gevolg van sy vermoë om inheemse mier spesies en ander ongewerweldes te verplaas. Hierdie spesie is vir die eerste keer aangeteken in Suid-Afrika in 1901, in Stellenbosch, Weskaap Provinsie (WCP), en het ‘n belangrike pes geword in die meeste stedelike en landelike gebiede in die land. Die Argentynse mier het betreklik min aandag gekry in Suid-Afrika, in vergelyking met ander lande (bv. California, Noord Amerika). Tans is die omvang van die landwye indringing van hierdie spesie, sowel as sy impak op die plaaslike mier fauna binne beskermde areas, nog nie bepaal nie. In hierdie studie word die impak van die Argentynse mier op die inheemse mier fauna binne drie beskermde areas in die WCP (Helderberg Natuurreservaat (HNR), Jonkershoek Natuurreservaat (JNR) en Kogelberg Biosfeerreservaat (KBR)) bepaal. Spesierykheid en diversiteit was vergelyk tussen ingedringde en oningedringde lokaas stasies in elke beskermde area. Verskeie inheemse mier spesies was deur die Argentynse mier verplaas in al drie beskermde areas, alhoewel drie spesies: Meranoplus peringueyi, Monomorium sp. 8 en Tetramorium quadrispinosum het saam met dit voorgekom. Ingedringde lokaas stasies het beduidend laer mier spesierykheid en spesies omset gehad as oningedringde lokaas stasies. Dus, die indringing van beskermde areas deur die Argentynse mier het ernstige negatiewe gevolge vir die spesierykheid en gemeenskap struktuur van inheemse miere, wat lei tot die biotiese verarming van hierdie plaaslike mier gemeenskappe. Die verspreidingsarea van die Argentynse mier binne die drie beskermde areas (HNR, JNR, KBR), en die mikrohabitat voorkeure wat die verspreiding van die spesie binne hierdie reservate kan vergemaklik, was ook vasgestel. Helderberg Natuurreservaat was die mees ingedringde beskermde area, met die hoogste vlak van Argentynse mier besetting, terwyl JNR en KBR laer besettingsvlakke gehad het. By al drie die beskermde areas was hierdie spesie dominant by laer hoogtes bo seevlak en het ‘n duidelike voorkeur getoon vir areas met hoë menslike versteuring d.i. rondom geboue en op grasperke (piekniek areas). In hierdie studie was daar geen bewyse dat vog beskikbaarheid die voorkoms en verspreiding van die Argentynse mier binne die reservate vergemaklik nie. Ten slotte, ‘n kombinasie van gepubliseerde literatuur verslae, museum dokumente en verslae wat in hierdie studie versamel is, was gebruik om die huidige verspreidingsomvang van die Argentynse mier te bepaal. Dit is die eerste studie wat die verspreiding en omvang van indringing in stedelike Suid Afrika van die Argentynse mier dwarsdeur die land bepaal. Die Argentynse mier is gevind in ses van die nege provinsies in Suid-Afrika, en die omvang van sy voorkoms sluit bykans die helfte van die land se landoppervlaksarea in. Onderbrekings in die verspreiding van die Argentynse mier deur die land het blootgelê dat die uitbreiding van die voorkomsgebied van die Argentynse mier in Suid-Afrika hoofsaaklik gebeur deur mens bemiddelde verspreiding eerder as natuurlike nesverspreiding. Hierdie studie het duidelik gedemonstreer dat die Argentynse mier goed gevestig is regoor Suid-Afrika sowel as in beskermde areas. Die Argentynse mier indringing was beïnvloed deur mensgewysigde landskappe (d.i. geboue) by lae en hoë hoogtes bo seevlak, en dit was verwant aan hoër vlakke van verplasing van inheemse mier species in hierdie areas. Dus, die beperking van ontwikkeling van rekreasie areas, soos geboue en piekniekareas, in beskermde gebiede sal lei tot laer vlakke van verspreiding van die Argentynse mier. Dit sal, op sy beurt, die omvang van verplasing van die inheemse mier spesies verminder.
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Tsutsui, Neil Durie. "Population genetics of the invasive Argentine ant in its native and introduced ranges /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9984805.

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Theunis, Laurence. "Ant assemblages structure in a naturally fragmented forest in the argentinean humid Chaco." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210385.

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Contexte: La fragmentation des habitats induisant une diminution de leur surface, de leur connectivité et une augmentation de la zone de contact avec d’autres milieux constitue l’une des menaces majeures pour le maintien de la biodiversité. Les effets de la fragmentation ne doivent pas être confondus avec les perturbations transitoires liées à un morcellement de l’habitat par une déforestation récente. Les îlots forestiers du Chaco humide, situés sur des monticules légèrement surélevés par rapport à la savane environnante qui est régulièrement inondée et brûlée, constituent un système naturellement fragmenté propice à l’étude des effets de la fragmentation sensu stricto. Dans ces forêts subtropicales sèches, comme dans la plupart des écosystèmes terrestres, les fourmis constituent l’un des organismes les plus abondants.

Objectif: Le but principal de la thèse a été de déterminer, à trois échelles spatiales, les facteurs influençant la structure des assemblages de fourmis terricoles :(1) à l’échelle du microhabitat constitué par la litière de feuilles et la couverture végétale dominée par des broméliacées terrestres ;(2) à l’échelle du fragment forestier dont la surface, la forme et l’isolement est variable ;(3) à l’échelle du paysage, constitué de forêt et de savane, soumis à des feux périodiques, et au niveau duquel nous nous sommes intéressés aux effets de bord se produisant à l’interface entre les deux milieux.

Méthode: Le site d’étude est la forêt naturellement fragmentée du Parc national Rio Pilcomayo localisé dans le Chaco humide argentin. Onze fragments forestiers de taille (± 2.5ha, 25ha et 250ha), de forme et de degré d’isolation divers ont été échantillonnés ainsi que la savane environnante, récemment brûlée ou non. La diversité et la densité des fourmis a été quantifiée au moyen d’un protocole standardisé

(« protocole A.L.L. ») qui a été préalablement calibré pour en définir la représentativité. Ce protocole consiste en un transect de 200m le long duquel sont placés, à intervalles de 10m, des pièges à fosse et des quadrats délimitant 1m² de litière de feuilles. La faune vivant dans la litière est ensuite extraite au moyen d’un dispositif appelé Winkler. Le calibrage du protocole a été réalisé en suréchantillonnant 8

fois le transect (160 points d’échantillonnage au lieu de 20). Cet échantillonnage quasi exhaustif de 200m² a permis de comparer l’estimation du nombre d’espèces obtenue par le transect standardisé ALL avec sa valeur réelle et d’étudier la distribution des espèces à l’échelle du mètre. Les facteurs du microhabitat les plus susceptibles d’influencer la distribution des fourmis (quantité de litière et densité de broméliacées) ont été mesurés systématiquement le long des transects. Pour l’étude de la distribution des fourmis depuis le coeur d’un grand fragment jusque dans la savane, des transects de 500m ont été utilisés et ont permis de mesurer des effets de bords éventuels. Un total de 800 Winkler et 560 pièges à fosses ont été analysés lors de cette étude.

Résultats: Un transect standardisé A.L.L. permet d’obtenir, à partir de 20 échantillons et de méthodes analytiques adéquate, une estimation fiable de la richesse locale au sein de 200m² mais n’est pas toujours représentatif de la fréquence relative des espèces. Au total, 150 espèces de fourmis ont été récoltées dont 130 en forêt et 79 en savane (dont 59 espèces communes aux deux milieux). Au niveau du micro-habitat, on observe pour certaines espèces des pics périodiques d’abondance (maximum tous les 10m) correspondant vraisemblablement à l’emplacement des colonies qui s’espacent pour diminuer la compétition intraspécifique. Associé aux micrconvexités topographiques l’on observe également des pics de densité de broméliacées et de quantité de litière qui favorisent une grande densité d’espèces différentes de fourmis. À l’échelle de l’habitat, les îlots forestiers petits et isolés sont les moins riches, principalement en espèces typiquement forestières. Dans les larges fragments, les espèces typiquement forestières se distribuent indépendamment de la distance les séparant du bord. Quelques espèces typiques de savane pénètrent en bordure de forêt et provoquent une plus grande variabilité de la faune récoltée au sein des quadrats de litière situés à cet endroit. Cependant, aucun pic de diversité

correspondant à une zone de superposition d’espèces de bord et de centre n’a été observé au sein des fragments forestiers. Les feux de savane modifient la fréquence relative des espèces les plus communes mais n’affectent pas la richesse globale du milieu et ne pénètrent pas dans la forêt.

Conclusions: Le protocole standardisé ALL, utilisé couramment par de nombreuses équipes de

chercheurs à travers le monde, mais qui n’avait encore jamais été réellement calibré avant notre étude, apparaît comme une méthode minimale mais suffisante pour déterminer la richesse locale en fourmis d’une forêt du Chaco humide. Ce calibrage a permis, en outre, de mettre en évidence un taux important de renouvellement des espèces à l’échelle du mètre carré. Nos résultats soutiennent l’idée que la disponibilité en ressources favorables, plus que la compétition interspécifique, est un mécanisme majeur

structurant les assemblages de fourmis des litières. À l’échelle du micro-habitat, un grand nombre d’espèces de fourmis forestières coexistent dans les zones riches en matière organique associée à la présence de broméliacées qui apparaissent comme un facteur structurant majeur de la distribution des fourmis. Au niveau de la litière, les colonies de différentes espèces ont des aires de fourragement qui se

superposent tandis que les colonies de même espèce ont tendance à s’espacer limitant la compétition pour les mêmes ressources. Un effet de bord, lié à des modifications locales des conditions climatiques et de la structure de la végétation, ne se marque pas au niveau de la myrmécofaune dans ce type de milieu, ce qui explique que l’on n’observe pas le traditionnel pic de diversité au niveau de la zone de transition entre deux milieux. Du point de vue de la conservation des espèces, des fragments forestiers de 15ha, bien connectés, apparaissent comme des conditions minimum pour conserver l’ensemble des espèces de fourmis de l’assemblage.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Schoeman, Colin Stefan. "Synergistic impact of invasive alien plants and the alien Argentine ant on local ant assemblages in the Western Cape." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/21759.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2008.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Alien trees, Pinus spp. and Eucalyptus spp., affect ants negatively in the Cape Floristic Region (CFR), a global biodiversity hotspot in South Africa. They reduce ant abundance and species richness, thus also changing ant assemblage structure. This is alarming, because almost 1300 species of plant species in the CFR are dispersed by certain indigenous ants, and thus there is concern for an indirect effect on indigenous plant assemblages. One of the most impacting ant species on seed dispersal is the invasive Argentine ant (Linepithema humile (Mayr)), which discards seeds outside its nest, where they do not germinate. Ten sites, on Vergelegen Wine Estate, were selected to explore these effects of alien plants. These varied from invaded to non-invaded sites. Each site consisted of six sampling points, which in turn consisted of four pitfall traps left out for seven days, during December 2005, February 2006, May 2006 and September 2006. Forty species of ant were sampled, and various analyses used to illustrate the comparative effects of plant invasion. All analytical methods showed that invasive alien plants had a significant impact on the abundance and richness of the ant species assemblage, by creating a dense canopy cover that changed the abiotic environment of the epigaeic ants’ habitat. Furthermore, increased alien tree invasion correlated significantly with Argentine ant abundances. The Argentine ant displaced Pheidole capensis and Camponotus spp., while it decreased the abundances of commonly-occurring indigenous ants, such as Lepisiota capensis and Plagiolepis spp. Displacement by the Argentine ant may be a result of indirect competition for food resources. The effects of invasive aliens are synergistic in that there is a cascade effects from initial plant invasions to subsequent animal invasion.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Indringer bome, Pinus en Eucalyptus, affekteer miere op negatiewe wyse in die Kaap Florsitiese Streek (KFR), ‘n area in Suid Afrika van belang t.o.v. globale biodiversiteit. Hierdie uitheemse indringer bome verminder hulle hoeveelheid en spesies rykheid. Die bogenoemde is kommerwekkend omdat meer as 1300 plant spesies in the KFR versprei word deur miere. Die verandering in hoeveelheid en versameling van inheemse miere kan dus ernstige implikasies hê op die saad verspreiding van inheemse plant spesies. Een van die mees verwoestende effekte op saad verspreiding is veroorsaak deur die indringer Argentynse mier (Linepithema humile (Mayr)), wat sade neer werp buite hulle neste, waar hulle nie suksesvol kan ontkiem nie. Tien monsterings-tereine was geselekteer om die bogenoemde effekte te ondersoek op Vergelegen Landgoed. Hierdie het afgewissel van indringer tot skoon tereine. Elke terrein is op ses versamelings-plekke gemonster, met vier pitvalle, wat oopgelê het vir sewe dae gedurende Desember 2005, Februarie 2006, Mei 2006 en September 2006. 40 spesies van miere was gemonster. Indringer plante het ‚n betekenisvolle impak gehad het op die hoeveelheid en rykheid van die mier gemeenskappe, deur die skepping van ‚n dig baldakyn wat die abiotiese omgewing van die miere se habitat verander het. Die vermeerdering van indringer plante veroorsaak die vermeerdering van Argentyne miere. Kanonieke Mede-Respons Analise illustreer dat die Argentynse mier Pheidole capensis en Camponotus spp. verplaas het, terwyl dit ander inheemse mier getalle verminder het, soos Lepisiota capensis en Plagiolepis spp. Die verplasing deur die Argentynse mier mag die resultaat wees van indirekte wedywering vir hulpbronne. Die effekte van indringer species is dus sinergisties deur dat ‚n kaskade effek ontstaan vanaf plant tot dier indringer spesies.
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Ellis, Brittany Russ. "Managing Linepithema humile (Mayr), the Argentine ant, in South Carolina state park campgrounds." Connect to this title online, 2009. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1249065615/.

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Books on the topic "Argentine ant"

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Harris, R. J. Potential impact of the Argentine ant (Linepithema humile) in New Zealand and options for its control. Wellington, N.Z: Dept. of Conservation, 2002.

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Fukken Chōsa Sekkei Kabushiki Kaisha. Heisei 21-nendo Aruzenchin'ari bōjo moderu jigyō (Kagamihara-shi) hōkokusho. [Hiroshima-shi]: Fukken Chōsa Sekkei Kabushiki Kaisha, 2010.

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Fukken Chōsa Sekkei Kabushiki Kaisha. Heisei 20-nendo Aruzenchin'ari bōjo ni kakaru kankyō eikyō chōsa gyōmu hōkokusho. [Hiroshima]: Fukken Chōsa Sekkei Kabushiki Kaisha, 2009.

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Pasiones argentinas: Argentine passions = Argentinische Leidenschaften = Passions argentines = Paixões argentinas. Martínez, Buenos Aires, Argentina: Maizal, 2011.

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Romero, María Eugenia. Escritores argentinos: Entrevistas = Argentine writers : interviews. Buenos Aires, Argentina: Centro de Estudios Ariadna, 2005.

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Paiva, Adolfo E. Quevedo. Medio siglo del ejército argentino en nuestra Antártida: 1951-2001. Buenos Aires: Editorial Dunken, 2001.

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Zaldívar, Ignacio Gutiérrez. 23 Argentine artists now. Buenos Aires: Zurbaran Ediciones, 1993.

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Zaldívar, Ignacio Gutiérrez. 23 Argentine artists now. Buenos Aires: Zurbaran Ediciones, 1993.

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Counterrevolution in Argentina, 1900-1932: The Argentine Patriotic League. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1986.

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(Argentina), Taller Sur. Taller Sur: 24 muestra colectiva : pinturas, objetos, ceramicas. La Plata, Argentina: Museo de Arte Contemporáneo Latinoamericano, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "Argentine ant"

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Jernelöv, Arne. "The Argentine Ant on Mediterranean Shores." In The Long-Term Fate of Invasive Species, 149–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55396-2_11.

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Hangay, George, Severiano F. Gayubo, Marjorie A. Hoy, Marta Goula, Allen Sanborn, Wendell L. Morrill, Gerd GÄde, et al. "Argentine Ant, Linepithema humile (Mayr) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Dolichoderinae)." In Encyclopedia of Entomology, 288–91. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_10333.

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van Schagen, J. J., P. R. Davis, and M. A. Widmer. "Ant Pests of Western Australia, with Particular Reference to the Argentine Ant (Linepithema Humile)." In Exotic Ants, 174–80. New York: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429040795-14.

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De Kock, A. E., J. H. Giliomee, K. L. Pringle, and J. D. Majer. "The Influence of Fire, Vegetation Age and Argentine Ants (Iridomyrmex humilis) on Ant Communities in Swartboskloof." In Fire in South African Mountain Fynbos, 203–15. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76174-4_11.

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Aron, S., J. L. Deneubourg, S. Goss, and J. M. Pasteels. "Functional Self-Organisation Illustrated by Inter-Nest Traffic in Ants: The Case of the Argentine Ant." In Biological Motion, 533–47. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-51664-1_35.

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Suarez, A. V., and T. J. Case. "The Ecological Consequences of a Fragmentation-Mediated Invasion: The Argentine Ant, Linepithema humile, in Southern California." In How Landscapes Change, 161–80. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05238-9_10.

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Queiroz, Ana Isabel. "Scourge in the Mediterranean. Policies Against the Argentine Ant in the First Half of the 20th Century." In Environmental History, 87–103. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74986-0_4.

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Gerards Iglesias, Simon. "Social Reforms and the Fear of Economic Backlash: Political Debates on Social Policy and Transnational Influences in Argentina in the 1930s." In International Impacts on Social Policy, 345–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86645-7_27.

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AbstractSince the beginning of modern social policy in Argentina in the early 20th century, concerns about the loss of economic competitiveness of domestic industries had been an important argument against the introduction of labour policies. In the 1930s, however, the Argentinean government acceded to some important international labour conventions while business leaders promoted their own projects to improve labour safety and better working conditions at their facilities. This turnaround by the ruling conservative political elites and economic liberals can only be understood by considering transnational influences, particularly the triangular relationship between Argentina, the US, and the International Labour Organisation. Using the example of occupational accident legislation, this chapter shows how a social policy flagship was used as a tool to project the image of a modern, progressive nation that complied with international labour standards.
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Wylde, Christopher. "Argentina, Kirchnerismo, and Neodesarrollismo: Argentine Development under Néstor Kirchner, 2003–7." In Latin America After Neoliberalism, 108–30. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137029676_5.

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Lodola, Germán, and Luisina Perelmiter. "Argentina." In Populists and the Pandemic, 57–67. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003197614-5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Argentine ant"

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Welzel, Kevin F. "RNAi and baiting: Novel techniques for Argentine ant control." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.94727.

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Boser, Christina L. "Eradicating Argentine ants on Santa Cruz Island, California: New methods in ant elimination." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.92768.

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Tsutsui, Neil D. "Cooperation within supercolonies: Illuminating Argentine ant (Linepithema humile) social structure using genomics and chemical ecology." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.92776.

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Mothapo, Palesa Natasha Natasha. "Patterns of floral resource use by the invasive Argentine ant,Linepithema humile, and a native ant,Anoplolepis custodiens, in a biodiversity hotspot." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.114212.

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Schall, Kelsey A. "Implications of Argentine ant management for biological control of the Asian citrus psyllid and other citrus pests." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.114044.

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Tay, Jia-Wei. "Enhancing biological control of citrus pests with hydrogel baits for sustainable Argentine ant,Linepithema humile, management." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.105323.

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Menke, Sean. "Comparing the evidence for range contractions versus range expansions in populations of the introduced Argentine ant (Linepithema humile) in northern California after 30-40 years." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.112150.

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Ródenas García, Juan Fernando. "Planeamiento urbanístico en la obra de Antonio Bonet: trazado viario y paisaje: de Punta Ballena al Poblado HIFRENSA, 1945-1975." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Instituto de Arte Americano. Universidad de Buenos Aires, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.5920.

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Esta ponencia plantea el análisis comparativo de una selección de propuestas urbanas de Antonio Bonet a través de dos piezas contrapuestas que abarcan un arco temporal de treinta años (1945-1975). La contraposición contempla dos etapas, dos paisajes y dos escalas diferentes, la etapa en Argentina-Uruguay y la etapa española, el bosque atlántico y el bosque mediterráneo, son: la urbanización de Punta Ballena, Maldonado, Uruguay (1945-48) y el poblado HIFRENSA, L’Hospitalet de l’Infant, Tarragona, España (1967-75). El análisis se centra en dos aspectos: trazado viario y paisaje. La obra de Bonet, con la de Sert, a diferencia de otros arquitectos españoles de su generación, se caracteriza por tener una sólida base teórica. Bonet asistió, con tan solo 20 años, al IV CIAM de Atenas (1933), fue miembro estudiante del GATCPAC y colaboró con Sert, Torres-Clavé y Le Corbusier. En 1949 asiste al VII CIAM en Bérgamo como delegado Uruguayo-Argentino. En las obras seleccionadas, en general, no se puede establecer una línea clara que separe arquitectura y urbanismo. This paper presents a comparative analysis of selected urban proposals of the architect Antonio Bonet, through two contrasting pieces covering a time span of thirty years (1945-1975). The opposition includes two stages, two landscapes and two different scales, the stage in Argentina-Uruguay and the Spanish stage, the Atlantic forest and the Mediterranean forest, are: the urbanization of Punta Ballena, Maldonado, Uruguay (1945-48) and the HIFRENSA Settlement, L'Hospitalet de l'Infant, Tarragona, Spain (1967-1975). The analysis focuses on two aspects: road layout and landscape. Bonet's work with Sert, unlike other Spanish architects of his generation, is characterized by having a solid theoretical foundation. Bonet assists, with only 20 years, the CIAM IV, Athens (1933), was a student member of GATCPAC and worked with Sert, Torres-Clavé and Le Corbusier. In 1949, assists the CIAM VII in Bérgamo as Uruguayan-Argentine delegate. In the selected works, in general, cannot establish a clear line separating architecture and urbanism.
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Debat, Cristina Mariana. "El territorio metropolitano de Córdoba, sus orígenes en los planes." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Facultad de Arquitectura. Universidad de la República, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.6234.

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Cada vez más, los problemas urbanos se dirimen en contextos territoriales. Si bien los orígenes del enfoque territorial datan desde hace muchas décadas, en Argentina es a partir de 1940 cuando algunos planes y artículos coinciden en hablar de la relación campo-ciudad integrada. Y, para mediados de 1960, coincidiendo con el acelerado proceso de urbanización que experimenta Latinoamérica, en las principales ciudades argentinas, se elaboran una serie de planes que introducen la idea de área metropolitana. Dos serían las causas que confluyen hacia esta nueva mirada y que dan origen a los planes territoriales-metropolitanos. En primer lugar, el contexto histórico y territorial de mediados de los años sesenta; y en segundo, las iniciativas urbanísticas europeas de los años sesenta, que conducen hacia una planificación regional. El objetivo de este texto es estudiar las principales ideas contenidas en los primeros planes metropolitanos de la ciudad de Córdoba, entendidos como experiencias prácticas de planificación territorial y como origen del espacio que hoy denominamos "territorio metropolitano" de Córdoba. Increasingly, urban problems are settled in territorial contexts. While the origins of the territorial approach date back many decades, in Argentina is from 1940 when some plans and articles speak of the rural-urban relationship. By mid-1960, coinciding with the accelerated process of urbanization experienced by Latin America, the main Argentine cities produced a series of plans that introduce the idea of metropolitan area. Two would be the causes that give rise to territoriales-metropolitanos plans. Firstly, the historical and territorial mid-1960s context; and secondly, the European urban development initiatives of the 1960s, leading to a regional planning. The objective of this text is to study the main ideas contained in the first Metropolitan plans of the city of Córdoba. They are understood as a practical planning experience and as the origin of the space that today we call metropolitan territory of Córdoba
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Fedotova, Anastasia, and Maria Beatrice Magnani. "SEISMIC STRATIGRAPHY OF LATEGLACIAL AND NEOGLACIAL ICE FLUCTUATIONS IN LAGO ARGENTINO (PATAGONIA, ARGENTINA)." In GSA Connects 2021 in Portland, Oregon. Geological Society of America, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2021am-371180.

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Reports on the topic "Argentine ant"

1

Jones, Graham, Diane Fraser, Urvashi Lallu, and Sarah-Jayne Fenwick. Perceptions and Impacts: An Observational Pilot Study of the Effects of Argentine Ants on Honey Bees in New Zealand. Unitec ePress, May 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.34074/pibs.rs12016.

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The Argentine ant (Linepithema humile) is an invasive species first identified in New Zealand in 1990. It is an aggressive tramp species that can form very large ‘super colonies’ extending over vast areas and has been reported to rob honey and predate honey bees in hives. This pilot study sought to establish, from a circulated survey of beekeepers, which ant species were present in their hives and what awareness the beekeepers had of the potential impact of Argentine ants. In addition, a simple method of quantifying the effects of the Argentine ant on brood abundance was trialled in the field. Results indicate that several species of ant are commonly found in hives and that surveyed beekeepers generally regard ants as passive occupiers. A percentage cover estimate of brood cover in frames may be a simple way of measuring ant impact when comparing hives uninfected by ants.Photographic evidence is presented as further indication that L. humile foraged within the hive and actively fed on both honey and emerging brood.
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Bordo, Michael, and Carlos Vegh. What If Alexander Hamilton Had Been Argentinean? A Comparison of the Early Monetary Experiences of Argentina and the United States. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w6862.

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Dornbusch, Rudiger, and Juan Carlos de Pablo. Argentina: Debt and Macroeconomic Instability. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w2378.

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Fait, Raul E. Argentina: Nationality, Demography and Security. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada264537.

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Abdellatif, Omar S., and Ali Behbehani. Argentina COVID-19 Governmental Response. UN Compliance Research Group, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52008/arg0501.

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The International Health Regulations (2005) are legally binding on 196 States Parties, Including all WHO Member States. The IHR aims to keep the world informed about public health risks, through committing all signatories to cooperate together in combating any future “illness or medical condition, irrespective of origin or source, that presents or could present significant harm to humans.” Under IHR, countries agreed to strengthen their public health capacities and notify the WHO of any such illness in their populations. The WHO would be the centralized body for all countries facing a health threat, with the power to declare a “public health emergency of international concern,” issue recommendations, and work with countries to tackle a crisis. Although, with the sudden and rapid spread of COVID-19 in the world, many countries varied in implementing the WHO guidelines and health recommendations. While some countries followed the WHO guidelines, others imposed travel restrictions against the WHO’s recommendations. Some refused to share their data with the organization. Others banned the export of medical equipment, even in the face of global shortages. The UN Compliance Research group will focus during the current cycle on analyzing the compliance of the WHO member states to the organizations guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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6

anon. An Energy Overview of Argentina. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/821111.

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7

Taylor, Alan. The Argentina Paradox: Microexplanations and Macropuzzles. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, February 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w19924.

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8

Laredo, V. G. Current trends in Latin America and the Argentine perspective. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/34301.

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9

Echeverry, Juan Carlos. Price setting in the argentine and colombian manufacturing industry. Bogotá, Colombia: Banco de la República, April 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.90.

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10

Kinney, Francis X. The Malvinas Conflict: Argentine Practice of the Operational Art. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada234161.

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