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Journal articles on the topic 'Aree rurali interne'

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Published: 9 March 2023
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

Akhavan, Mina, Ilaria Mariotti, and Federica Rossi. "Lo sviluppo degli spazi di coworking nelle aree periferiche e rurali in Italia." TERRITORIO, no. 97 (February 2022): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/tr2021-097-supplementooa12925.

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La nascita e lo sviluppo degli spazi di coworking si sono rivelati un fenomeno prevalentemente urbano. Negli ultimi anni, tuttavia, le aree periferiche e rurali stanno diventando molto attrattive per questa tipologia di nuovi luoghi del lavoro, anche se la letteratura su questa tematica è limitata.Questo articolo mira a colmare la lacuna, passando in rassegna gli studi sul tema, discutendo il rinnovato ruolo dei coworking nelle aree periferiche e rurali durante la pandemia Covid-19, e fornendo un quadro dettagliato e aggiornato del crescente numero di CSs nelle Aree Interne e nelle aree rurali italiane nel periodo 2018-2020. Infine, vengono presentati alcuni casi studio di coworking periferici e rurali, seguiti da alcune riflessioni conclusive e idee di ricerca per il futuro.
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2

Fanfani, Roberto, and Nica Claudia Calň. "Zone rurali e aziende agricole in Cina: cambiamenti strutturali nel periodo 1996-2006." QA Rivista dell'Associazione Rossi-Doria, no. 4 (December 2011): 7–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/qu2011-004001.

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Zone rurali e aziende agricole in Cina: cambiamenti strutturali nel periodo 1996-2006 Le analisi dello sviluppo economico della Cina spesso trascurano le profonde differenze esistenti nelle zone rurali e le caratteristiche delle aziende agricole cinesi Scopo di questo lavoro č evidenziare i cambiamenti strutturali dell'agricoltura e delle aziende agricole che hanno interessato le vaste aree rurali della Cina a partire dalla riforma del 1978 e le disparitŕ crescenti fra le grandi macroregioni del Paese. Vengono, inoltre, sottolineate le caratteristiche dell'imponente fenomeno delle migrazioni interne e le sue ripercussioni sia sulle aree rurali di partenza che su quelle urbane di destinazione. I dati utilizzati sono quelli del Primo (1996) e del Secondo (2006) Censimento dell'agricoltura e delle zone rurali in Cina.
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3

Bacci, Elice, Giancarlo Cotella, and Elisabetta Vitale Brovarone. "La sfida dell'accessibilità nelle aree interne: riflessioni a partire dalla Valle Arroscia." TERRITORIO, no. 96 (September 2021): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/tr2021-096007.

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Nelle aree rurali e montane ‘interne', la riflessione sull'accessibilità implica un cambio di prospettiva rispetto ai contesti più propriamente urbani. Migliorare l'accessibilità di questi territori significa agire su più fronti, non solo potenziando l'offerta di mobilità ma anche agendo sul capitale territoriale locale, (ri)portando servizi, conoscenza e forme di interazione. La Strategia Nazionale per le Aree Interne (snai) muove in questa direzione, promuovendo un approccio place-based fondato da un lato sulla dotazione delle precondizioni strutturali per lo sviluppo territoriale (ivi compresa l'accessibilità), dall'altro sullo sviluppo locale. A partire dal caso studio della Valle Arroscia, analizzata nell'ambito del progetto di ricerca espon urruc e scelta come area progetto della snai in Liguria, il contributo esplora i temi e le sfide peculiari per l'accessibilità nelle aree interne e riflette sulle future prospettive di sviluppo.
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4

Curci, Francesco, Agim Kërçuku, and Arturo Lanzani. "Le geografie emergenti della contrazione insediativa in Italia. Analisi interpretative e segnali per le politiche." CRIOS, no. 19 (May 2021): 8–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/crios2020-019002.

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L'articolo intende esplorare l'emergente geografia della contrazione insediativa del territorio italiano. Poiché il riconoscimento di una nuova geografia della contrazione richiede un'azione di smontaggio delle immagini consolidate legate allo spopolamento e l'abbandono dei contesti montano-rurali, l'aggettivo "emergente" assume qui un ruolo fondamentale. L'ipotesi che muove questo lavoro è infatti che le cosiddette aree interne siano un ambito di contrazione del tutto consolidato. La geografia della contrazione investe però anche altri contesti. Con intensità differenti riguarda porzioni di territorio al centro nel processo di urbanizzazione novecentesca, come interstizi e frange metropolitani più fragili, le città medie con differenti livelli di centralità funzionale, i contesti periurbani e del continuum urbano-rurale di pianura e di collina, ovvero una parte consistente di quella che chiamiamo Italia di mezzo.
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5

Fortuna, Giuseppe. "Le aree interne: una piccola comunitŕ rurale." ARCHIVIO DI STUDI URBANI E REGIONALI, no. 97 (February 2011): 281–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/asur2010-097016.

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Esistono varie aree periferiche sparpagliate nel mondo. Ognuna ha le proprie peculiaritŕ e bisogni diversi. In questo saggio l'autore mette in rilievo alcuni problemi di un'area periferica rurale che, nella maggioranza dei casi, sono diversi da quelli di altre aree periferiche come i cosiddetti "cul de sac", le conurbazioni disordinate all'intersezione di grandi autostrade. Certamente č difficile in un saggio elaborare delle analisi profonde, pertanto l'autore si č limitato a tre sezioni: 1. una descrizione dell'interazione sociale di una comunitŕ rurale, 2. la natura di alcuni piani d'intervento sul territorio, 3. una breve conclusione suggerendo degli interventi che potrebbero soddisfare i bisogni della comunitŕ.
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6

Eley, Diann S., Jianzhen Zhang, and David Wilkinson. "Self-sufficiency in intern supply: the impact of expanded medical schools, medical places and rural clinical schools in Queensland." Australian Health Review 33, no. 3 (2009): 472. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah090472.

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Objective: The doctor shortage in Australia generally, and the rural shortage in particular, has led to an increase in medical schools, medical places and rural training. If effective, these strategies will first impact on the intern workforce. We studied the source of interns in Queensland. Methods: Analysis of number, source and location of interns by Rural, Remote and Metropolitan Area (RRMA) classification (an index of remoteness) from university and health department records (2003?2008). Odds ratios compared the likelihood of intern supply from Queensland universities and rural clinical schools. Results: Most interns in Queensland graduated from Queensland universities in 2007 (287 [72%]) and 2008 (344 [84%]). Proportions increased across all three RRMA groups from: 82% to 93% in RRMA1; 56% to 68% in RRMA2 and 67% to 79% in RRMA3. The University of Queensland (UQ) provides most interns in all RRMA locations including RRMA3, and this increased from 2007 (n = 33 [35%]) to 2008 (n = 57 [58%]). Interns from interstate decreased from 61 (15%) in 2007 to 40 (10%) in 2008. Interns from overseas fell from 53 (13%) in 2007 to 27 (7%) in 2008. Rural clinical schools compared with traditional urban-based schools were more likely to supply interns to RRMA3 than RRMA1 hospitals in 2007 (OR, 8.8; 95% CI, 4.6?16.7; P< 0.0001) and 2008 (OR, 6.5; 95% CI, 3.5?12.2; P< 0.0001). Conclusions: Queensland is close to self-sufficiency in intern supply and will achieve this in the next few years. Rural clinical schools are playing an important role in producing interns for RRMA3 hospitals. Due to its large cohort, UQ remains the major provider across all RRMA groups.
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7

De Fano, Giovanna, and Francesco Mantino. "Sviluppo rurale, innovazione sociale e politiche per le aree interne." TERRITORIO, no. 74 (September 2015): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/tr2015-074016.

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8

Bao, Sarina, Satoshi Hoshino, Shizuka Hashimoto, Yasuaki Kuki, and Nastuki Shimizu. "Analysis of Current Internet Use in Rural China: A Survey of Rural Areas of Northeastern Inner Mongolia." Journal of Rural Problems 49, no. 1 (2013): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.7310/arfe.49.113.

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9

Fenu, Nicolò. "Community manager per le aree interne. L'esperienza di Nughedu Santa Vittoria." ARCHIVIO DI STUDI URBANI E REGIONALI, no. 132 (November 2021): 98–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/asur2021-132005.

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La ricerca descrive l'esperienza di community manager in ambito rurale, all'interno del progetto SPOP Lab nel comune di Nughedu S.V. Un progetto di ricercaazione che si propone di affrontare il fenomeno dello spopolamento delle aree interne attraverso un approccio che mette al centro il ruolo della comunita. La figura del community manager ha il ruolo di attivare e organizzare le risorse personali e collettive co-progettando interventi concreti a contrasto del fenomeno di spopolamento.
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10

Singh, Dr Jasbir. "Growth and Potintial of Wireless Internet User in Rural India." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 2 (February 13, 2021): 1010–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i2.2130.

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Mobile phone is the best friend of the present generation. Mostly people use the smart phone. Smart phone cannot function without internet. So, internet is the primary requirement for the smart phone user. This paper shows the trend of the growth of mobile phone internet user in India, urban area and rural area but it focuses on the growth rate of mobile internet in rural India. This research also found rural area had low growth rate of mobile internet user in compared to India and urban area. Correlation, CAGR and mean analysis is done to find the effects of certain parameters which effects the mobile internet growth in rural India. Paper analysis also finds the correlation with total internet access and rural internet access. Mobile internet growth rate is closely linked with subscription rate through internet mode. More than 60 percent of India’s population is living in rural areas. India is called youngest country because more than 40 percent of total population comes in the category of young population. According to some study’s in 2019 out of total internet user 38% internet user are kids which comes in the age group of 15 years and blow. So, youth is a big market for smart phone and use of internet.
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11

Salunkhe, Leena Rahul, Manishkumar Dinkar Shete, Rahul Dhananjay Salunkhe, Nihal Mali, and Vidya Dinkar Shete. "Internet usage among young population and its relation with anxiety, depression, stress and self-esteem." Indian Journal of Forensic and Community Medicine 9, no. 2 (June 15, 2022): 50–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijfcm.2022.012.

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Excessive use of internet brings change in mood, associate inability to regulate the amount of time spent with the Internet, withdrawal symptoms once not engaged, a affecting social life and adverse work or academic consequences which suggests symptoms related to depression, anxiety and stress and along with that it also affects self-esteem of the students. Aim of this study is to identify association of internet addiction with anxiety, depression, stress and self-esteem. A cross-sectional study of 200 students, resident of urban and rural population in the locality of Sangli district Maharashtra India were selected by simple random sampling having an access to the internet. The association of Young’s Internet addiction scale was used along with DASS-21, Rosenberg self-esteem scale for comparison in both urban and rural population. The prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress in both urban and rural area is 56%, 82% and 84% respectively. After we compared the internet addiction with psychological variables, we have found that 83.33% students in rural area exhibit signs of depression. Apart from that, 91% and 89% students from urban and rural area respectively have self-esteem within normal range.Internet usage has a robust impact on young population. Multi-sectoral approach plays an important role to promote healthy use of internet among urban and rural youth population.
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12

Nancy, B., C. W. Gary Loh, M. Razi Bazin, and T. M. Panceras. "A Case Study: Broadband Over Powerline for Rural Area Deployment in Sarawak." E3S Web of Conferences 242 (2021): 03001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124203001.

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Broadband over powerline (BPL) is a technology that allows connectivity to internet connection riding via the low tension (LT) power line communication (PLC). A hybrid BPL technology was proposed to the rural area of Sarawak as an alternative option to expand the internet connection without the need to reform a new pathway for internet connectivity. The data signal is transmitted via a communication tower to the access point(s) that is mounted on an electricity pole that provides a low voltage (LV) line. There are three types of custom-designed equipment that has been integrated into the hybrid BPL: the Head End (HE), the Time Division Repeater (TDR) and the Customer Premise Equipment (CPE). Two longhouses at the Bawang Assan, Sarawak settlement has been chosen to initiate the pilot project that required the cooperation of the technology provider, power producer, and the internet service provider. This paper presents a proof of concept (POC) on the deployment, advantages, and limitations for the BPL in a rural setting.
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13

Kaur, Manpreet, and Tejpreet Kaur Kang. "Status of internet usage among adolescents: A study of locale differences." ADVANCE RESEARCH JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE 11, no. 2 (December 15, 2020): 61–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/arjss/11.2/61-63.

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The present study entitled ‘Status of internet usage among rural and urban adolescents was undertaken in the Ludhiana and Kapurthala districts of Punjab state. The study was designed to assess the usage of internet among rural and urban adolescents. The sample for the present study comprised of 480 adolescents within the age group of 16- 18 years equally distributed over gender and locale (boys (n=120) and girls (n=120) from rural (n=120) as well as urban area (n=120). Internet Usage Scale by Saini and Kaur (2017) was used to assess the patterns/trends of internet usage among adolescents. This scale assessed the internet usage by the adolescents with the help of 20 items. Results revealed that more number of rural respondents were at high level of internet usage as compared to urban respondents. Overall more number of urban respondents used internet than rural respondents.
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14

Jayashree, Sajja, and Manjunatha S. N. "Interns willingness to serve in rural area: a cross sectional survey in a government medical college, Mysore." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, no. 8 (July 23, 2018): 3496. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20183087.

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Background: India's health workforce has a diversity of health workers offering health services in several systems of medicine. There is uneven distribution and this scarcity is due to both the disinclination of qualified private physicians to work in underserved areas and the inability of the public sector to adequately staff rural health facilities. The objective of the study was to assess willingness of interns to comply with their commitment of serving in a rural area after internship completion and to identify the factors which influence their decision regarding compulsory rural service.Methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted among interns of a tertiary care hospital Mysore, India from September 2017-December 2017. Statistical methods like frequency, mean, proportions, Z test was used to analyze the data.Results: Amongst the 100 students who participated in the study, 42% were willing to comply with the bond of serving rural area for a period of 1 year against a penalty of 10 lakhs signed while enrolling to the course.Conclusions: Majority of the interns are still not willing to comply with the bond, therefore achieving mandatory posting as per government regulations still remains a challenge.
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15

Shit, Sourav. "The Study of Digital Adoption and Usage Trends in Kolkata Area." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VIII (August 10, 2021): 229–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37306.

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This study is based on a research which was done in order to know the awareness and usage of the people toward internet. Mainly this study was focused on the urban people who are lived in the place like Kolkata and much more educated then the rural people. Under this I tried to find out that out of the total sample how many are aware about the internet, how many use internet regularly, how many occasionally (Before 1month), internet owner and non-users. For this study I follow certain process of market research. I had the sample of 65 respondents. For that we conducted this study and collected data from the urban households about their perception and usage of internet it is concern that it aims towards to get direct response form the respondents and to disseminate awareness among the people aware internet. Except this it also has various aims like preference towards internet, purchasing capacity of respondents, fulfill the respondents expectation etc. There are some important factors to carry the research in a careful manner. The key factors are  Active Internet User  Claim Internet User  Internet Owner  Non-User of Internet  Perception and Preference of People Towards Internet
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16

Mohsin, Numan, Satya Prakash, and Neeraj Sahu. "Internet Usage in Urban–Rural area with e-Commerce and e-Banking." International Journal of Computer Applications 144, no. 2 (June 17, 2016): 28–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/ijca2016910122.

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17

Saidi, Normaizatul Akma, Naziatul Aziah Mohd Radzi, Noraida Saidi, Siti Fatimah Ab Ghaffar, Hasif Rafidee Hasbollah, and Mazne Ibrahim. "ONLINE LEARNING DURING PANDEMIC COVID-19: AN INSIGHT FROM A RURAL AREA." International Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling 7, no. 46 (June 30, 2022): 707–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/ijepc.746054.

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The pandemic COVID-19 has transformed traditional face-to-face learning into online learning. Implementation of online education is vital to stop the spread of the virus. Nevertheless, despite the advantages offered by online learning, it also presents challenges to students living in rural areas. The present study aims to explore the insight of online learning among rural students. Therefore, this study explores qualitative insight to obtain in-depth knowledge of online learning in rural areas. This study conducted an online survey with 21 students in rural areas. The qualitative content analysis produced four relevant themes of online learning: easy-to-find information, internet disruption, lack of focus, and difficult understanding. This study contributes to online learning literature in a rural area context.
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18

Riley, Danielle, Mary Charlton, Elizabeth A. Chrischilles, Ingrid M. Lizarraga, Sneha Phadke, Brian J. Smith, Adam Skibbe, and Charles F. Lynch. "Hospital Rurality and Gene Expression Profiling for Early-Stage Breast Cancer among Iowa Residents (2010–2018)." Breast Journal 2022 (August 30, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8582894.

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Objective. Given the challenges rural cancer patients face in accessing cancer care as well as the slower diffusion and adoption of new medical technologies among rural providers, the aim of our study was to examine trends in gene expression profiling (GEP) testing and evaluate the association between hospital rurality and receipt of GEP testing. Methods. Data from the Iowa Cancer Registry (ICR) were used to identify women with newly diagnosed, histologically confirmed breast cancer from 2010 through 2018 who met eligibility criteria for GEP testing. Patients were allocated to the hospitals where their most definitive surgical treatment was received, and Rural-Urban Commuting Area codes were used to categorize hospitals into urban (N = 43), large rural (N = 16), and small rural (N = 48). Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using multivariable logistic regression to evaluate the association between hospital rurality and GEP test use, adjusting for demographic and clinical characteristics. The association between test result and treatment received was assessed among patients who received Oncotype DX (ODX) testing. Results. Of 6,726 patients eligible for GEP test use, 46% (N = 3,069) underwent testing with 95% receiving ODX. While overall GEP testing rates increased over time from 42% between 2010 and 2012 to 51% between 2016 and 2018 ( P trend < 0.0001 ), use continued to be the lowest among patients treated at hospitals in small rural areas. The odds of GEP testing remained significantly lower among patients treated at hospitals located in small rural areas (aOR 0.55; 95% CI 0.43–0.71), after adjusting for demographic and clinical characteristics. ODX recurrence scores were highly correlated with chemotherapy use across all strata of hospital rurality. Conclusions. GEP testing continues to be underutilized, especially among those treated at small rural hospitals. Targeted interventions aimed at increasing rates of GEP testing to ensure the appropriate use of adjuvant chemotherapy may improve health outcomes and lower treatment-related costs.
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19

Arunmozhi, Dr R., and M. Prasanth Kumar. "Digital Marketing And Its Influence In Rural Area." Restaurant Business 118, no. 7 (July 21, 2019): 124–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/rb.v118i7.7673.

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M.Prasanth Kumar With the dramatic advancement of internet technology, the marketing paradigm search for new dimensions. Marketing archetypes now search for a dominant room in the digital space to unleash its potence. Now this virtual digital space becomes the favorite playground of modern marketing prototype. Marketing system growing endlessly to obtain its target through the unparalleled growth of technology in the global world. It is proven that digital marketing is one of the cost-effective, fast and stretchy way to reach the target audience around the world, and thus attain a significant business gain. Still, most of the business is facing a challenge that, how to penetrate and replace rural marketing with a perfect digital platform. There are a lot of limitations in rural digital marketing system. The digital divide and technological intellectual gap are still resisting the spreading of digital land among the rural population.
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Arunmozhi, Dr R., and M. Prasanth Kumar. "Digital Marketing And Its Influence In Rural Area." Restaurant Business 118, no. 9 (September 27, 2019): 226–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/rb.v118i9.8066.

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With the dramatic advancement of internet technology, the marketing paradigm search for new dimensions. Marketing archetypes now search for a dominant room in the digital space to unleash its potence. Now this virtual digital space becomes the favorite playground of modern marketing prototype. Marketing system growing endlessly to obtain its target through the unparalleled growth of technology in the global world. It is proven that digital marketing is one of the cost-effective, fast and stretchy way to reach the target audience around the world, and thus attain a significant business gain. Still, most of the business is facing a challenge that, how to penetrate and replace rural marketing with a perfect digital platform. There are a lot of limitations in rural digital marketing system. The digital divide and technological intellectual gap are still resisting the spreading of digital land among the rural population.
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21

Jobayer, Mohammad, Rabeya Sultana, Sk Serjina Anwar, Zeenat Afroz, Nadira Akter, Mahbuba Chowdhury, Asif Rashed, Nasreen Farhana, Lohani Md Tazul Islam, and Dewan Azmal Hussain. "Use of Internet among Rural Teenagers: Pattern of Usages, Awareness and Associated Health Hazards." Bangladesh Medical Journal 46, no. 3 (July 16, 2019): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v46i3.42241.

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Internet has become an essential tool for communication, information, and entertainment and use of internet is increasing among the teenage group. This cross sectional study was conducted among 385 teenagers from rural area of Narayanganj district in Bangladesh to evaluate the practice of internet use, their awareness about the beneficial and harmful effects and associated physical and psychological health hazards. The study reached its various findings from the view point of rural area of our country. The study population was chosen purposively; data were collected using a semi structured questionnaire regarding their knowledge and various practice of internet use relating to the objectives. Most of the respondents were students and came from lower middle class family. Majority of the study people recently started to use internet and they were mostly light or moderate user in terms of time spending. Mobile phone was used as device by 84.7% people for their internet browsing. Teenagers used internet mainly for entertainment (42.1%) and social networking (35.6%) purpose and not much for learning or education. They were aware about the beneficial and the harmful effects of internet use especially abuses. Commonly experienced physical health hazards by them were headache (11.7%), straining of eyes or blurring of vision (10.7%) and skipping meals or change in eating behavior (9.1%), and among the psychological hazards, restlessness or agitation (8%) and depression (5.2%) were stated. It may be concluded that use of internet among teenagers of rural area of our country is at modest level associated with a few health hazards but the merits of internet based networking is yet to be revealed by them. Bangladesh Med J. 2017 Sep; 46 (3): 69-73
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A., Sowndarya T., and Mounesh Pattar. "Pattern of internet addiction among urban and rural school students, Mangaluru, India: a comparative cross-sectional study." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 5, no. 5 (August 24, 2018): 1750. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20183005.

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Background: Adolescents use the Internet for a variety of activities besides gaming; they frequently engage themselves with social networking, instant messaging, blogging and downloading information. Heavy Internet use has been associated with potential side effects, such as loss of control over the use of the Internet, adverse effects on other daily activities, emotional status and communication among family members. Objective of present study to assess the prevalence of Internet Addiction (IA) and factors associated with Internet use among Urban and Rural school students.Methods: A school based cross sectional study was conducted in the urban and rural field practice area of a medical college hospital in Mangaluru. Internet addiction was assessed using Young’s Internet Addiction Test.Results: The prevalence of internet addiction among urban school students was found to be i.e. 83.3%, while it was 78% in rural school students. Mild IA was common among both. Male gender, smart phones and hours spent on internet were common risk factor for IA in both groups.Conclusions: Young’s Internet Addiction Test (IAT) is a simple and easy tool to assess Internet addiction among adolescent school students. Need to give importance of outdoor activity and community level education needed to prevent Internet Addiction.
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23

Shao, Changhong, and Mengning Liu. "On E-commerce Development Mode in Chinese Remote Rural Area in Internet Age." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 750 (March 24, 2020): 012049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/750/1/012049.

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24

Demiroğlu, Begüm, Bahtiyar Eroğlu, and Fatih Semerci. "KIRSAL ALAN YEREL KİMLİKLERİNİN OLUŞUM VE GELİŞİMİNE İÇ VE DIŞ DİNAMİKLERİN ETKİSİ: BABAYAKUP KÖYÜ ÖRNEĞİ." e-Journal of New World Sciences Academy 15, no. 4 (October 31, 2020): 113–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.12739/nwsa.2020.15.4.4c0239.

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As the science of settlement morphology is done intensively, it can be done at any time that settlements have similar setups but built on it. The aim of the study is to reveal the dynamics used in the analysis of settlement morphology and the changes/transformations in a specific time place, to define internal and external interventions, to enter and fulfill the existing field, and to reveal the change/transformation and transformation predictions in the invention from the first installation to the present. This study was chosen as a sample area for the study because of the readability of the changes in immigration and internal/external behavior over time in Babayakup village, one of the villages (neighborhood) of Polatlı district, Polatlı district in Ankara province. In the research; Aerial photographs, parts, examinations, oral interviews, literature reviews, computer programs to be studied were arranged. The entire realization was achieved by placing it in the matrix in chronological order, followed by comparative analysis. While reading the changes/transformations in the time intervals encountered during the study period, the predictions will come for the coming years, by looking at the duration of differentiation.
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Talimbekas, Marianne Putri, and Yudhi Arifani. "Students Perspective on Online Learning During Covid -19 at Rural Area Thailand." IDEAS: Journal on English Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Literature 10, no. 1 (June 10, 2022): 249–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.24256/ideas.v10i1.2595.

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The main reason for this exploratory study was to identify the general mentality of Thai high school. Students en route to mandatory virtual learning process amid coronavirus (COVID-19). The sample exam included 130 2nd school students for the 1st school, which included three different grades namely M1 (32 students), M2 (34 students) and M3 (30 students). And also the second school (30 students). An online survey method was used to collect information on Thai high school students'' perspectives on internet education. The 10-item questionnaire was used to assess the effectiveness of online learning. A pilot test of the survey was conducted among students at Ban Nonsawan School in Loei & Sansern Islam School in Songkhla,Thailand. The majority Secondary education students surveyed have doubts about online/digital learning. Lack of access to internet facilities, lack of proper interaction and contact with students and teachers, and inefficient technology are some of the biggest challenges faced by high school students in Thailand. Especially in rural schools.
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Pawar, Mr Omkar Adhikrao. "Digitalization of Rural India: Digital Village." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 30, 2021): 3952–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35867.

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Digitalization of rural part of India is one of the most important factors to create opportunities in India. The number of internet users are rapidly increasing in the country this leads to making India digitally active. Indian Government playing vital role by proposing crucial projects like Smart City, Make in India and Digital India. The speed of increasing number of internet user in rural part of India is less than the urban areas. The purpose of this paper is that how to make aware people living in rural area about internet. The paper explores the Digital village scheme and Digital Village 3.0 campaign and its impact on villagers after its application in selected villages. There is need of digitalization as the rural part of India lagging behind as compared to urban areas. The paper also explores about the scope and applications of digitalization in the rural areas.
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Maheshwari, Udit. "MOBILE PHONE USAGE PATTERN AMONG YOUTH IN THE URBAN AND RURAL AREA." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 02 (February 28, 2021): 691–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12500.

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In the current scenario, the mobile phones have become an integral part of our life and its usage increased rapidly, many of the peoples overusing it without clear understanding of their usage time. India is the 2nd largest country according to internet use Mobile phones is also important from economic perspective to a country as its sale contributes significantly to Gross Domestic Product globally 4.4% and domestically 6.5%. The study aims to investigate the usage pattern of the mobile phone especially among youth and factors affecting their buying behaviour toward mobile phones. Primary Data has been collected from 106 respondents from the Bareilly and Kasganj districts in Uttar Pradesh, India by using both the online method and field survey. Qualitative data has also been collected from the different mobile phone sellers. The results indicated that most people use their phone for entertainment purpose the most (39.6%) while least for social media (9.4%) and the factors that affect buying the most internet(40.6%) while least valuable factor is the convenience of calling(8.5%).
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Yu Hao, Abel Chai, Chean Hung Lai, Hieng Tiong Su, Yi Lung Then, Fei Siang Tay, Patrick Hang Hui Then, and Natalie Lim Chen Yi. "Cost estimation methods for internet infrastructure deployment in Rural Sarawak: a review." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 19, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 1375. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v19.i3.pp1375-1383.

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<p>In rural Sarawak, the internet accessibility is low due to unreliable power grids to support telecommunication network and large geographical area. The risk for network infrastructure implementation is high for Internet Service Provider (ISP), thus more practical and accurate cost estimation methods should be used [1-3]. This paper reviews different types of cost estimation methods and the accuracy and feasibility of each methods are discussed and compared for network infrastructure implementation in rural Sarawak. The unique characteristics of rural Sarawak are considered in this work, including the topography, development of rural areas and acceptance of new technologies. Different cost estimation methods are identified for different senarios and availability of data.</p>
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Gołębiewska, Barbara, Joanna Stefańczyk, and Ewa Jaska. "SOCIAL MEDIA ADOPTION BY RURAL RESIDENTS." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XXII, no. 1 (January 23, 2020): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.7536.

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The study assesses the use of social media by rural residents. The study was conducted in Lublin county in 2016. Residents of rural areas (especially farmers) are a social group perceived to be the least technologically developed, the latest in adopting innovations and least advanced in using electronic devices. However, in recent years, differences between city dwellers and rural area inhabitants have been decreasing. Until today, in Poland, not all residents of rural areas have telephones or internet access. The explanation could be that their work does not involve using a computer as in the case of, for example, an insurance agent, architect or journalist. It was found that differences in the category of household equipment involving the possession of a computer and access to the Internet are diminishing – the largest increase has been recorded in recent years in the scope of access to broadband Internet. In the study, a visible relationship between the use of social media and the education of respondents was observed.
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Gyamerah, Seth, Enoch Opanin Gyamfi, Dominic Kwasi Adom, Juliana Mantebea Danso, and James Eduful. "Assessing the Impact of Satellite Internet in Rural Areas: A Case of C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Navrongo, Ghana." Asian Journal of Computer Science and Technology 11, no. 2 (December 15, 2022): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajcst-2022.11.2.3457.

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The internet has become an essential part of the world today. The internet will need to reach a wide range of individuals’ family members, friends, acquaintances, or even share data or information with a group of people. Imagine a constant and reliable internet connection, regardless of location or place. The CKT-UTAS (C.K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences) Campus is an example of an area where internet connection is inferior and unreliable. This research work studied the benefits and limitations of satellite internet, which can be a solution to the current state of internet connection unreliability on the CKT-UTAS campus and derive into the benefits it will provide to the university if implemented. This study aimed to compare the current telecommunication network services to the Satellite Internet services, analyses the awareness level of Satellite Internet in rural areas and examine the significance of Satellite Internet technology in rural areas. In-depth research was done by administering questionnaires and studying other related works on this study to gather all the necessary information. After the data were analyzed, it was concluded that the Satellite Internet had more advantages that are significant in rural areas than the Current/Traditional Internet.
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Stern, Michael J., and Don A. Dillman. "Community Participation, Social Ties, and Use of the Internet." City & Community 5, no. 4 (December 2006): 409–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6040.2006.00191.x.

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Some argue that use of the Internet tends to pull people's interests away from their local area and weaken community ties (e.g., Kraut et al., 1998). Others argue that the Internet is frequently used to strengthen local ties, and is becoming a tool for helping communities organize to achieve local interests (Hampton and Wellman, 2003). Our results from a 2005 random sample mail survey of 1,315 households in a rural region of the Western United States suggest that increased Internet usage is positively related to nominal and active levels of community participation while at the same time supporting affective networks outside the local area. The location of these communities in a rural region of the West and their substantial distance from a larger population concentration provide the opportunity to draw implications for community development in the Information age and address theoretical concerns about the effects of information technologies on communities of place and local social capital.
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Prakosa, Setya Widyawan, Muhamad Faisal, Yudhi Adhitya, Jenq-Shiou Leu, Mario Köppen, and Cries Avian. "Design and Implementation of LoRa Based IoT Scheme for Indonesian Rural Area." Electronics 10, no. 1 (January 4, 2021): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10010077.

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The development of the Internet of Things (IoT) in electronics, computer, robotics, and internet technology is inevitable and has rapidly accelerated more than before as the IoT paradigm is a promising solution in terms of solving real world problems, especially for digitizing and monitoring in real time. Various IoT schemes have successfully been applied to some areas such as smart health and smart agriculture. Since the agriculture areas are getting narrow, the development of IoT in agriculture should be prioritized to enhance crop production. This paper proposes the IoT scheme for long range communication based on Long Range (LoRa) modules applied to smart agriculture. The scheme utilizes the low power modules and long-distance communication for monitoring temperature, humidity, soil moisture, and pH soil. Our IoT design has successfully been applied to agriculture areas which have unstable network connections. The design is analyzed to obtain the maximum coverage using different spreading factors and bandwidths. We show that as the spreading factor increases to 12, the maximum coverage can be transmitted to 1000 m. However, the large coverage also comes with the disadvantages of the increased delays.
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Cabello, F. J., J. Aguilar, A. López-Cozar, J. M. Ignacio, and M. J. Perez. "P378 Community-acquired pneumococcal pneumonia in a rural area." European Journal of Internal Medicine 14 (September 2003): S137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0953-6205(03)91641-4.

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Bariya, Bhaveshbhai Rameshbhai. "Rural Health Training centre Activities for Internee doctors – A Real Time Exposure to Rural Community Health." Journal of Comprehensive Health 7, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 47–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.53553/jch.v07i01.012.

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Internship is a phase of training wherein a medical graduate is expected to conduct actual practice of medical and health care and acquire skills under supervision so that he/she may become capable of functioning independently. It was a recommendation of Bhore Committee that there should be three months training of medical undergraduates in preventive and social medicine to prepare “social physicians” during their internship training.(1)There is two months training for internee doctors in community medicine; one month in Rural Health Training centre and urban health training centre each. The focus of this training duration is to orient the internee doctors at community located either at rural or urban area, so that they can be prepared of dealing with community at large after successful completion of internship. This article is an attempt to help the officials to plan or direct the internee doctors for various activities in field during their posting in community medicine department.
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Oki, Olukayode, and Morolake Oladayo Lawrence. "cost-effectiveness of fibre optic technology deployment in rural area." Journal on Innovation and Sustainability RISUS 13, no. 2 (June 15, 2022): 111–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.23925/2179-3565.2022v13i2p111-123.

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Studies have shown that the majority of the global population are migrating from rural to urban areas. People are leaving rural areas due to poor services such as poor broadband service. Fibre optic technology has been introduced as a solution to poor broadband quality. However, as a result of the peculiar characteristics of South Africa's rural areas, the majority of the telecommunication operators are hesitant to invest in ICT in rural areas because it tends to be much less profitable. Hence, the study of how cost-effective it would be to deploy a fibre optic network in rural areas as compared to the current wireless (LTE) network remains an open issue. This study investigates the cost-effectiveness of deploying a fibre optic network in the rural area of Mdantsane township, by analysing the installation and operation costs of fibre optic networks in comparison to the cost of wireless (LTE) networks. The finding of the study amongst others showed that while fibre optic networks seem to be great, however, they come at a cost. The cost of drilling and trenching associated with the deployment of fibre optic networks was reported as the key reason why the network deployment is costly. Hence, reducing the cost of drilling and trenching would reduce the cost significantly. The study suggests that, to lower fibre optic deployment costs, network operators should collaborate and share costs through a customised pricing model that benefits both the operators and rural internet users.
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Lee, Young-Mee. "Internet Addiction and Its Related Factors among Elementary School Students in a Rural Area." JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH 11, no. 2 (July 2007): 127–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21896/jksmch.2007.11.2.127.

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Gaikwad, Pratibhahanmantrao, and Dhiren Pranshankar Dave. "Remote Sensing with Internet Based Patient Condition Observing System." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 9, no. 3 (March 1, 2018): 629. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v9.i3.pp629-632.

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<p>This Paper aims to design and demonstrate an innovative web-based remote healthcare diagnostic system that provides vital medical data and live video images of a patient situated in the rural area accessible to a health professional available elsewhere in urban centres resulting in better diagnosis and treatment of that patient.</p>
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Siswanto, Rizal Adi, Choirul Anam, and Sujono. "RANCANG BANGUN INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDER (ISP) LOKAL DENGAN JARINGAN WIRRELESS DAN MIKROTIK OS." SAINTEKBU 10, no. 2 (July 28, 2018): 78–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.32764/saintekbu.v10i2.211.

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Wireless LAN network is a community-based network or community network, why so for the cost of monthly expenditure will be much more affordable than the price of the official ISP. This intenet network is commonly referred to as Local ISP because its coverage area is only inter-district or rural. With the internet it can provide ease of communication process by eliminating the distance and time that has been felt as a factor in particular inhibitors in villages and sub-districts are still rarely affordable telephone cable. Internet network using Wirreless Antenna is expected to provide convenience and comfort of internet access for residents in the Rural. This internet network uses Wirreless antenna as a data transmission medium or internet carrier, and this network uses mikrotik RB 750 where mikrotik here function to manage network traffic. Keywords: Internet, Wireless Antenna, mikrotik RB 750, Local ISP.
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ADUBI, K. O., and O. O. AKINBODE. "PATTERN OF INTERNET USE AMONG YOUTHS IN SELECTED RURAL COMMUNITIES OF YEWA NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, OGUN STATE NIGERIA." Journal of Humanities, Social Science and Creative Arts 11, no. 1 (November 22, 2017): 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.51406/jhssca.v11i1.1702.

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Youths living in rural communities have limited access to internet resources. Majority who have access to it have used it for limited purposes. The study investigated pattern of internet use among youths in the study area. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 245 youths for the study. Questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Result showed more males used internet more than female (i.e 73.5% and 26.5%) respectively. Many of them (86.4%) were within ages 18-22, above average were Christians (69.4%) while the remaining were Muslims respectively. Their variations in their use of mobile platforms and applications are as follows: 82.9% used 2go, 42.4% used facebook, 54.3% used SMS, while 8.2% used it for online transactions like purchase of products. Ranking their frequent usage, 2go ranked highest followed by SMS among others. It was found there existed a significant association between respondents’ age and pattern of internet use. It was established that youths in the communities used the internet for various purposes ranging from social to economic and religious purposes.
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Li, Guocheng, Jianjun Fan, Guorui Hu, Chao Li, Tianguang Lu, Lixuan Che, and Zeguang Lu. "A Distributed Power Consumption Metering Assessment Method for the Energy Internet." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2360, no. 1 (November 1, 2022): 012020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2360/1/012020.

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This paper proposes a distributed power supply consumption metering assessment index system and method for rural energy internet, which can be used in the dispatch and design departments of power companies. The method can solve the problems that exist in the existing distribution system, such as the lack of basis for siting and capacity determination and access of large-scale distributed power units, and the single and one-sided assessment index of distributed power consumption capacity. Firstly, analysing the characteristics of the new rural power grid, considering the impact of the uncertainty of distributed power supply output, organically combine the influencing factors of power quality, power supply reliability and operational safety and establish a multi-dimensional index evaluation system to measure the ability of distributed power sources to consume. Finally, the improved fuzzy estimation is used to determine the consumption capacity of the rural grid. The data of a rural grid operation is analysed by case study to accurately assess the consumption capacity of distributed power sources in the area.
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Huang, Yuanhui, and Yimao Ye. "The Impacts of Internet + Rural Financial Industry on County Economy and Industrial Growth Algorithm." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2022 (June 29, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6842974.

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In recent years, commercial banks and rural financial institutions in and below the county area have developed rapidly, and the number of outlets has increased rapidly. But for the vast rural areas of the country, the number of outlets is still limited. At present, there are still a large number of areas with zero financial coverage in rural the country. The development of the financial industry in a region not only affects the level of local economic growth but also has a good effect on improving the income level of local residents and changing the way of local economic development. To better develop rural finance and county economy, this paper constructs an artificial neural network model and FA model to predict the rural finance industry, and four indicators are selected to test the performance measurement of the model. The hit rates of the five models are 54.65%, 53.75%, 59.78%, 65.1%, and 73.08%, respectively. The model proposed in this paper has the highest hit rate and can predict rural finance more accurately as well, allowing for clearer changes in county economic and industrial growth.
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42

Vilks, Andrejs. "Cybercrime and sexual exploitation of children in e-environment in the context of strengthening urban and rural security." SHS Web of Conferences 68 (2019): 01010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20196801010.

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Among various types of threats to urban and rural security, there has been an increase in cybercrime in recent years, an increase in criminal offenses in the e-environment. This also applies to the sexual exploitation of children in the e-environment. Sexual violence against children in cyberspace is linked to objectively determined factors, such as the development of Internet technologies and their wide availability. The active efforts of children to learn and use the new technologies, the attractiveness of the virtual environment in contrast to the real situation and the ambiguous and in many cases incomprehensible nature, as well as the saturation of pornographic material in the Internet, the weak control of their distribution, should be noted. Due to the increasing availability of the Internet, the expansion of e-services in cities and rural areas is relatively balanced. An Internet user may be at risk in both big cities and in a less populated rural area. Among Internet users the proportion of young people and children is relatively high, which objectively determines their increased victimization potential. Among threats to children related to the e-environment, multiple forms of child sexual abuse, including cyberbullying, sextings, sextorings, cyberstalkings, are increasing.
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Kuźmicki, Marek, Jarosław Żbikowski, and Agnieszka Siedlecka. "The Use of Personal Computers and Internet Networks by Professionally Active People with Disabilities Living in Rural Areas." Economic and Regional Studies / Studia Ekonomiczne i Regionalne 11, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ers-2018-0015.

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AbstractSubject and purpose of work: The aim of the article is to determine the level of accessibility of personal computers and the Internet and their use for distance work by professionally active persons with disabilities living in rural areas throughout Poland. Materials and methods: Surveys were carried out during the period from June 30, 2010, to May 31, 2011, on a sample of 5,000 persons with disabilities, 1359 of whom, during the last 30 days of the survey, were gainfully employed - they were professionally active. The area of research included randomly selected rural and urban rural communes in sixteen provinces. Results: Personal computers and the Internet are most often used by the group of young people with disabilities and those who conduct their business activities in communes. Personal computers and the Internet are most often used by disabled persons with physical, sensory and complex disorders. Conclusions: It is necessary to intensify organisational, technical and legal activities and efforts that will contribute to a fuller and wider use of computers, the Internet and other assistive technology by people with disabilities.
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Zhang, Hong, and Mingyang Li. "Integrated Design and Development of Intelligent Scenic Area Rural Tourism Information Service Based on Hybrid Cloud." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2022 (June 16, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5316304.

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Although the “Internet+” technologies (big data and cloud computing) have been implemented in many industries, each industry involved in rural tourism economic information services has its own database, and there are still vast economic information resources that have not been exploited. Z travel agency through rural tourism enterprise third-party information services and mobile context-awareness-based Z travel has achieved good economic and social benefits by deep value mining and innovative application of the existing data of the enterprise through the third-party information service of rural tourism enterprises and mobile context-aware travel recommendation service. It clearly demonstrates that, in order to maximise the benefits of economic data, rural tourist businesses should focus not only on the application of new technologies and methodologies but also on the core of demand and data-driven and thoroughly investigate the potential value of current data. This paper mainly analyzes the problems related to how rural tourism can be upgraded under the smart tourism platform, with the aim of improving the development of China’s rural tourism industry with the help of an integrated smart tourism platform, and proposes a hybrid cloud-based integrated system of smart scenic rural tourism information services, which can meet the actual use needs of rural tourism, with good shared service effect and platform application performance, and promote the development of rural tourism and resource utilization rate.
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45

Howlader, Arun kanti. "A literacy review of tertiary levels teacher’s modern technological literacy ratio in rural area of Bangladesh." International Journal of Information technology and Computer Engineering, no. 22 (May 30, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.55529/ijitc.22.1.11.

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Modern technology has enhanced the aptitude of tertiary level education worldwide but just in the case of Bangladesh, we've got seen an adulthood educational method belief among the teachers, instructors, and facilitators in recent covid 19 outbreaks especially on the remote educational institutions. Most of the explanations we've found are inaccessibility of contemporary technology especially android multimedia devices together with a computer device, together with internet accessibility just in case of using the multiterminal platform for using local remote teaching. Especially unaffordability, internet expense, fragile financial condition, illiterate behavior towards acceptancy, low percentage of the sophistication monitoring system, absence of scholars and systemic review, proper liability towards authority who is additionally incapable to handle modern technological properties fluently. Our research has found 82% of grade school instructors and teachers don’t use modern devices like android devices, computers, laptops, printers, routers, internet connections in Debidwar, Comillam Chittagong, Bangladesh where our study found among 185 grade schools which serves over 35000 students approximately. In a recent case, the change has been made by Swaniti Initiative SPARC Fellow, USA Mr. Engr. Arun kanti Howlader with the support of local constituency Member of Parliament Mr. Razee Mohammad Fakhrul in before covid 19 outbreak where now the proportion become 3% just in case of illiteracy of primary education instructor’s modern technology literacy. Our study finds the subsequent outbreaks shown below:
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Howlader, Arun kanti. "A literacy review of tertiary levels teacher’s modern technological literacy ratio in rural area of Bangladesh." International Journal of Information technology and Computer Engineering, no. 22 (March 30, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.55529/ijitc22.1.11.

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Modern technology has enhanced the aptitude of tertiary level education worldwide but just in the case of Bangladesh, we've got seen an adulthood educational method belief among the teachers, instructors, and facilitators in recent covid 19 outbreaks especially on the remote educational institutions. Most of the explanations we've found are inaccessibility of contemporary technology especially android multimedia devices together with a computer device, together with internet accessibility just in case of using the multiterminal platform for using local remote teaching. Especially unaffordability, internet expense, fragile financial condition, illiterate behavior towards acceptancy, low percentage of the sophistication monitoring system, absence of scholars and systemic review, proper liability towards authority who is additionally incapable to handle modern technological properties fluently. Our research has found 82% of grade school instructors and teachers don’t use modern devices like android devices, computers, laptops, printers, routers, internet connections in Debidwar, Comillam Chittagong, Bangladesh where our study found among 185 grade schools which serves over 35000 students approximately. In a recent case, the change has been made by Swaniti Initiative SPARC Fellow, USA Mr. Engr. Arun kanti Howlader with the support of local constituency Member of Parliament Mr. Razee Mohammad Fakhrul in before covid 19 outbreak where now the proportion become 3% just in case of illiteracy of primary education instructor’s modern technology literacy. Our study finds the subsequent outbreaks shown below:
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47

Lee, Hee Yun, Eun Young Choi, Youngsun Kim, Jessica Neese, and Yan Luo. "Rural and Non-Rural Digital Divide Persists in Older Adults: Internet Access, Usage, and Perception." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 412–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1329.

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Abstract Despite the overall increase in Internet use among older adults, the digital divide within older Americans remains substantial. This trend is particularly true for older adults living in rural areas. Informed by the Social Determinants of Health Framework, our study aims to examine how one’s residential area relates to (1) Internet Access, (2) subtypes of usage patterns, and (3) perceptions on technology use. Cross-sectional data were drawn from the 2012 Health and Retirement Study (HRS). The sample consisted of 18,196 older adults aged 50 and above (47.6% rural residents). A series of linear and logistic regression analyses were performed. Our models controlled for demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, and health conditions. Compared to older adults living in urban areas, those residing in rural areas had 29% lower odds of internet access. Living in rural areas predicted lower levels of all sub-types of technology use (communication, financial, health, and media technology). In addition, non-users in rural areas showed more unfavorable perceptions of technology than urban residents. They were more likely to conceive technology as “too complicated”, “too hard to learn”, and “too difficult to keep up with all changes.” Our findings suggest that substantial segments of older adults in rural areas are still behind in accessing and adopting digital technology. Targeted intervention efforts are urgently needed to reduce technology inequality including comprehensive plans to expand broadband access and building mobile technology infrastructure for rural communities.
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Németh, T., J. Szabó, L. Pásztor, and Zs Bakacsi. "Elaboration of a complex GIS application in a catchment area." Water Science and Technology 45, no. 9 (May 1, 2002): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0223.

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Rearrangement of land resources after political changes has not yet been finished in Hungary. It is almost impossible to collect information necessary for planning activities on outer areas of settlements. The data are distributed among various organizations and can be found in diverse forms or there are no available data at all. However water quality protection has become legally ordered concerning municipal activities around Lake Balaton which is considered as the most important recreation area and tourist target in Hungary and is also affected by a number of factors providing sources of environmental conflicts. Settlements in a catchment area (Tetves Creek) on the southern shoreline of Lake Balaton in Central Hungary tendered a complex project for collecting sources of authentic data of the Hungarian rural areas along with systematizing and saving these data in a uniform GIS. An application using Autodesk MapGuide Program for Internet realization was developed. The implemented web-based system can be used in Internet and Intranet environments.
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Amron, Kasyful, Achmad Basuki, Eko Sakti Pramukantoro, and Widhi Yahya. "Information and Data Distribution System for Rural Areas of Indonesia." Journal of Information Technology and Computer Science 1, no. 1 (April 16, 2016): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.25126/jitecs.2016115.

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Abstract. Internet becomes critical infrastructure in the distribution of information. The information is used for decision making and ensure the success of human activities. However, the distribution of information in rural Indonesia is inconvenient, because the digital communication infrastructure (internet) doesn’t cover all areas in Indonesia. This problem causes the digital divide in Indonesia. This study proposes communications infrastructure and data transfer mechanism or media sharing that can be applied to a variety of rural areas conditions in Indonesia, which has limited communications infrastructure. The approach is to build low power digital carrier devices in the form of minicomputer and utilize Delay or Disruptions Tolerant Network (DTN) architecture. Testing results in the digital carrier node show that the data is successfully delivered. Keywords: Rural Area, Mini-PC, Delay Tolerant Network
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Fredy, Felix Chikita, Devi Felicia, Sarah Febiana Rahayu, Alexandra Gabriella, Nurnajmia Curie Proklamartina, Joshua Patrick Mulyadi, Ratna Andriyati, et al. "71 Contributing Factors to Hypertension in Rural Area." Journal of Hypertension 35 (November 2017): e10-e11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.hjh.0000527437.38124.de.

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