Academic literature on the topic 'Aree rurali interne'

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Journal articles on the topic "Aree rurali interne"

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Akhavan, Mina, Ilaria Mariotti, and Federica Rossi. "Lo sviluppo degli spazi di coworking nelle aree periferiche e rurali in Italia." TERRITORIO, no. 97 (February 2022): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/tr2021-097-supplementooa12925.

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La nascita e lo sviluppo degli spazi di coworking si sono rivelati un fenomeno prevalentemente urbano. Negli ultimi anni, tuttavia, le aree periferiche e rurali stanno diventando molto attrattive per questa tipologia di nuovi luoghi del lavoro, anche se la letteratura su questa tematica è limitata.Questo articolo mira a colmare la lacuna, passando in rassegna gli studi sul tema, discutendo il rinnovato ruolo dei coworking nelle aree periferiche e rurali durante la pandemia Covid-19, e fornendo un quadro dettagliato e aggiornato del crescente numero di CSs nelle Aree Interne e nelle aree rurali italiane nel periodo 2018-2020. Infine, vengono presentati alcuni casi studio di coworking periferici e rurali, seguiti da alcune riflessioni conclusive e idee di ricerca per il futuro.
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Fanfani, Roberto, and Nica Claudia Calň. "Zone rurali e aziende agricole in Cina: cambiamenti strutturali nel periodo 1996-2006." QA Rivista dell'Associazione Rossi-Doria, no. 4 (December 2011): 7–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/qu2011-004001.

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Zone rurali e aziende agricole in Cina: cambiamenti strutturali nel periodo 1996-2006 Le analisi dello sviluppo economico della Cina spesso trascurano le profonde differenze esistenti nelle zone rurali e le caratteristiche delle aziende agricole cinesi Scopo di questo lavoro č evidenziare i cambiamenti strutturali dell'agricoltura e delle aziende agricole che hanno interessato le vaste aree rurali della Cina a partire dalla riforma del 1978 e le disparitŕ crescenti fra le grandi macroregioni del Paese. Vengono, inoltre, sottolineate le caratteristiche dell'imponente fenomeno delle migrazioni interne e le sue ripercussioni sia sulle aree rurali di partenza che su quelle urbane di destinazione. I dati utilizzati sono quelli del Primo (1996) e del Secondo (2006) Censimento dell'agricoltura e delle zone rurali in Cina.
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Bacci, Elice, Giancarlo Cotella, and Elisabetta Vitale Brovarone. "La sfida dell'accessibilità nelle aree interne: riflessioni a partire dalla Valle Arroscia." TERRITORIO, no. 96 (September 2021): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/tr2021-096007.

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Nelle aree rurali e montane ‘interne', la riflessione sull'accessibilità implica un cambio di prospettiva rispetto ai contesti più propriamente urbani. Migliorare l'accessibilità di questi territori significa agire su più fronti, non solo potenziando l'offerta di mobilità ma anche agendo sul capitale territoriale locale, (ri)portando servizi, conoscenza e forme di interazione. La Strategia Nazionale per le Aree Interne (snai) muove in questa direzione, promuovendo un approccio place-based fondato da un lato sulla dotazione delle precondizioni strutturali per lo sviluppo territoriale (ivi compresa l'accessibilità), dall'altro sullo sviluppo locale. A partire dal caso studio della Valle Arroscia, analizzata nell'ambito del progetto di ricerca espon urruc e scelta come area progetto della snai in Liguria, il contributo esplora i temi e le sfide peculiari per l'accessibilità nelle aree interne e riflette sulle future prospettive di sviluppo.
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Curci, Francesco, Agim Kërçuku, and Arturo Lanzani. "Le geografie emergenti della contrazione insediativa in Italia. Analisi interpretative e segnali per le politiche." CRIOS, no. 19 (May 2021): 8–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/crios2020-019002.

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L'articolo intende esplorare l'emergente geografia della contrazione insediativa del territorio italiano. Poiché il riconoscimento di una nuova geografia della contrazione richiede un'azione di smontaggio delle immagini consolidate legate allo spopolamento e l'abbandono dei contesti montano-rurali, l'aggettivo "emergente" assume qui un ruolo fondamentale. L'ipotesi che muove questo lavoro è infatti che le cosiddette aree interne siano un ambito di contrazione del tutto consolidato. La geografia della contrazione investe però anche altri contesti. Con intensità differenti riguarda porzioni di territorio al centro nel processo di urbanizzazione novecentesca, come interstizi e frange metropolitani più fragili, le città medie con differenti livelli di centralità funzionale, i contesti periurbani e del continuum urbano-rurale di pianura e di collina, ovvero una parte consistente di quella che chiamiamo Italia di mezzo.
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Fortuna, Giuseppe. "Le aree interne: una piccola comunitŕ rurale." ARCHIVIO DI STUDI URBANI E REGIONALI, no. 97 (February 2011): 281–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/asur2010-097016.

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Esistono varie aree periferiche sparpagliate nel mondo. Ognuna ha le proprie peculiaritŕ e bisogni diversi. In questo saggio l'autore mette in rilievo alcuni problemi di un'area periferica rurale che, nella maggioranza dei casi, sono diversi da quelli di altre aree periferiche come i cosiddetti "cul de sac", le conurbazioni disordinate all'intersezione di grandi autostrade. Certamente č difficile in un saggio elaborare delle analisi profonde, pertanto l'autore si č limitato a tre sezioni: 1. una descrizione dell'interazione sociale di una comunitŕ rurale, 2. la natura di alcuni piani d'intervento sul territorio, 3. una breve conclusione suggerendo degli interventi che potrebbero soddisfare i bisogni della comunitŕ.
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Eley, Diann S., Jianzhen Zhang, and David Wilkinson. "Self-sufficiency in intern supply: the impact of expanded medical schools, medical places and rural clinical schools in Queensland." Australian Health Review 33, no. 3 (2009): 472. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah090472.

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Objective: The doctor shortage in Australia generally, and the rural shortage in particular, has led to an increase in medical schools, medical places and rural training. If effective, these strategies will first impact on the intern workforce. We studied the source of interns in Queensland. Methods: Analysis of number, source and location of interns by Rural, Remote and Metropolitan Area (RRMA) classification (an index of remoteness) from university and health department records (2003?2008). Odds ratios compared the likelihood of intern supply from Queensland universities and rural clinical schools. Results: Most interns in Queensland graduated from Queensland universities in 2007 (287 [72%]) and 2008 (344 [84%]). Proportions increased across all three RRMA groups from: 82% to 93% in RRMA1; 56% to 68% in RRMA2 and 67% to 79% in RRMA3. The University of Queensland (UQ) provides most interns in all RRMA locations including RRMA3, and this increased from 2007 (n = 33 [35%]) to 2008 (n = 57 [58%]). Interns from interstate decreased from 61 (15%) in 2007 to 40 (10%) in 2008. Interns from overseas fell from 53 (13%) in 2007 to 27 (7%) in 2008. Rural clinical schools compared with traditional urban-based schools were more likely to supply interns to RRMA3 than RRMA1 hospitals in 2007 (OR, 8.8; 95% CI, 4.6?16.7; P< 0.0001) and 2008 (OR, 6.5; 95% CI, 3.5?12.2; P< 0.0001). Conclusions: Queensland is close to self-sufficiency in intern supply and will achieve this in the next few years. Rural clinical schools are playing an important role in producing interns for RRMA3 hospitals. Due to its large cohort, UQ remains the major provider across all RRMA groups.
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De Fano, Giovanna, and Francesco Mantino. "Sviluppo rurale, innovazione sociale e politiche per le aree interne." TERRITORIO, no. 74 (September 2015): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/tr2015-074016.

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Bao, Sarina, Satoshi Hoshino, Shizuka Hashimoto, Yasuaki Kuki, and Nastuki Shimizu. "Analysis of Current Internet Use in Rural China: A Survey of Rural Areas of Northeastern Inner Mongolia." Journal of Rural Problems 49, no. 1 (2013): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.7310/arfe.49.113.

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Fenu, Nicolò. "Community manager per le aree interne. L'esperienza di Nughedu Santa Vittoria." ARCHIVIO DI STUDI URBANI E REGIONALI, no. 132 (November 2021): 98–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/asur2021-132005.

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La ricerca descrive l'esperienza di community manager in ambito rurale, all'interno del progetto SPOP Lab nel comune di Nughedu S.V. Un progetto di ricercaazione che si propone di affrontare il fenomeno dello spopolamento delle aree interne attraverso un approccio che mette al centro il ruolo della comunita. La figura del community manager ha il ruolo di attivare e organizzare le risorse personali e collettive co-progettando interventi concreti a contrasto del fenomeno di spopolamento.
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Singh, Dr Jasbir. "Growth and Potintial of Wireless Internet User in Rural India." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 2 (February 13, 2021): 1010–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i2.2130.

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Mobile phone is the best friend of the present generation. Mostly people use the smart phone. Smart phone cannot function without internet. So, internet is the primary requirement for the smart phone user. This paper shows the trend of the growth of mobile phone internet user in India, urban area and rural area but it focuses on the growth rate of mobile internet in rural India. This research also found rural area had low growth rate of mobile internet user in compared to India and urban area. Correlation, CAGR and mean analysis is done to find the effects of certain parameters which effects the mobile internet growth in rural India. Paper analysis also finds the correlation with total internet access and rural internet access. Mobile internet growth rate is closely linked with subscription rate through internet mode. More than 60 percent of India’s population is living in rural areas. India is called youngest country because more than 40 percent of total population comes in the category of young population. According to some study’s in 2019 out of total internet user 38% internet user are kids which comes in the age group of 15 years and blow. So, youth is a big market for smart phone and use of internet.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Aree rurali interne"

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FENU, NICOLO'. "Territori fragili. Scenari, strategie e azioni per contrastare lo spopolamento e la marginalità delle aree interne e rurali." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/315904.

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The process of population redistribution within the Italian national territory has become relevant over the last decades. Particularly, the population moving from small municipalities to major urban areas is the most evident, especially within the Sardinian territory. This study deals with rural depopulation, considered a systemic phenomenon. Firstly, a conceptual interpretative framework of policies and strategies at different scales for rural territories, inner areas and inner peripheries is retrieved from the literature complexity. This is done by keeping a strategic balance between the macro and micro-level and critically redefining the internal areas classification criteria at the same time. Secondly, this work creates a perimeter of action where the intervention is analyzed considering qualitative aspects and potentiality tied to every place's territorial features. Thirdly, two innovative initiatives implemented within the territory of Sardinia are investigated, highlighting their impact on infrastructural, human and social capital. Mainly, the role of community manager of rural areas and the policy 1 euro house are experimented to detect the interaction between tangible and intangible actions. This study shows the community manager to be of paramount importance in the participatory processes in the internal areas. Consequently, the institutionalization of the community manager role is suggested to support bottom-up projects, whose success generally depends on occasional financing opportunities and inhabitant’s willingness.
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TOSO, STEFANIA. "SECOND HOME TOURISM IN RURAL ITALY. Spatial patterns and social practices towards community resilience." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2023. https://hdl.handle.net/10281/404658.

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Il progetto di ricerca indaga il fenomeno del turismo di seconda casa nelle aree rurali e interne italiane, attraverso l'analisi dei modelli spaziali e delle pratiche sociali relative ai proprietari di seconda casa nella Provincia di Asti, scelta come caso di studio che negli ultimi decenni ha visto un aumento esponenziale della percentuale di case vuote abitate da non residenti. Il quadro teorico scelto per lo sviluppo dell'indagine si basa sui concetti di attaccamento al luogo e di resilienza della comunità; la domanda al centro della ricerca ruota attorno ai modi in cui i diversi processi di attaccamento al luogo possono svolgere un ruolo attivo nella costruzione di comunità rurali resilienti. Attraverso l'applicazione del processo di ricerca qualitativa iterativa (Gaudet e Robert, 2018) e secondo una metodologia mista, sono stati analizzati dati quantitativi (ISTAT, Comuni di riferimento, database degli acquedotti) e dati qualitativi (57 interviste in profondità semi-strutturate all'interno dei confini provinciali con proprietari di seconde case, amministratori locali, agenti immobiliari, rappresentanti di associazioni no-profit ed enti rappresentativi del territorio e, infine, abitanti della comunità locale; articoli di giornale; materiale fotografico prodotto dal ricercatore e fornito dai partecipanti alle interviste). L'analisi ha tracciato lo sviluppo spaziale del fenomeno delle seconde case e ha portato all'identificazione di specifiche pratiche sociali e culturali condotte dagli abitanti delle seconde case che stanno contribuendo ai processi di rinnovamento, rivitalizzazione e adattamento delle comunità rurali astigiane, nel tentativo di contribuire attivamente alla rigenerazione di alcuni villaggi rurali. La ricerca mostra come il contributo degli utenti di seconde case in contesti marginali possa essere significativo e stimolante nel rapporto con gli abitanti permanenti, un confronto talvolta segnato dal cambiamento, talvolta dalla resistenza.
The research project investigates the phenomenon of second-home tourism in the Italian rural and inner areas, through the analysis of spatial patterns and social practices related to second-home owners in the Province of Asti, chosen as a case study that in the last decades has seen an exponential increase in the percentage of empty houses inhabited by non-residents. The theoretical framework chosen for the development of the investigation is based on the concepts of place attachment and community resilience; the question at the centre of the research revolves around the ways in which different place attachment processes can play an active role in the construction of resilient rural communities. Through the application of the iterative qualitative research process (Gaudet and Robert, 2018) and according to a mixed methodology, quantitative data (ISTAT, reference municipalities, aqueduct databases) and qualitative data (57 semi-structured in-depth interviews within the provincial boundaries with second-home owners, local administrators, real estate agents, representatives of non-profit associations and representative bodies of the territory and, finally, local community inhabitants; newspaper articles; photographic material produced by the researcher and provided by the interview participants) were analysed. The analysis traced the spatial development of the phenomenon of second homes and led to the identification of specific social and cultural practices led by second-home dwellers that are contributing to processes of renewal, revitalisation and adaptation of Asti's rural communities in an attempt to contribute to the regeneration of some rural villages actively. The research shows how the contribution of second home users in marginal contexts can be significant and stimulating in the relationship with permanent inhabitants, a confrontation sometimes marked by change, sometimes by resistance.
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SANTARSIERO, VITTORIA. "Matera e i territori del cibo. Modelli di innovazione per il food system e la valorizzazione dei paesaggi rurali attraverso le politiche del cibo e i processi creativi dell’agro-industria." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi della Basilicata, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11563/149102.

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The following work analyses the socio-economic and spatial dynamics of “Matera food city-region” and tests the role of innovation model, food policies and creative processes to enhance urban and rural foodscape. The research looks for answers at some questions. The first is about dynamics and flows on Matera food city region considering involved spaces, actors and economies through a critical process that studies city and countryside. The second question moved to the necessity to define a model that is able to represent and interpret the analysed dynamics and flow, and to give back useful output. The third question works on results of previous phases and deepens analysis on Matera food city region to find enhanced possibilities and strategies for the territory. The critical reflection on the three answers makes necessary another demand. The fourth query deepens the role of multimedia platforms as tools to represent spaces and dynamics, and to provide ideas to innovate strategies for food territories. In the final part, this work gives an applicative example, proving the role of the platform Atlante del cibo Matera as a tool that creates links between involved actors and processes on Matera food city region and builds food governance. This research is articulated in three complementary phases, recognizable in the overall structure. First, the work deepens critically the theory, by the study of the role of food in urban planning in the last two decades. In this section the research provides definitions of food system, food space and food policy and introduces international and national governance processes on food. This phase introduces research theme and is the theoretical basis for later stages. The second section is a disciplinary work based on analysis on field and the reconstruction of food system by the interpretation of organizational models detected in the territory. The analysis regards the phases of food system (production, processing, distribution and consumption) on Matera food city region. In the final section, the comment of results is the basis to rebuild geographies of Matera food territories. Finally, this phase explains the application model, shared between city, university and enterprise. The application shows the working ability of Atlante del Cibo Matera in the formulation of strategies that enhanced territories by food. This work aims to shows the opportunity for Matera food city region to innovate itself by a vision that combines culture, rural landscapes, heritage and society through food. From this perspective innovation gives the tool for the implementation of interactive and heritage atlas that proposes participatory and synergic governance.
L’obiettivo di questo lavoro di tesi è studiare l’articolazione delle dinamiche socio-economiche e spaziali nella Matera food city region, e testare la capacità degli strumenti di innovazione, delle politiche del cibo e dei processi creativi nella valorizzazione dei paesaggi rurali. Il lavoro di ricerca muove a partire dalla costruzione di risposte ad un serie di quesiti che scompongono e chiarificano l’intero percorso. Il primo riguarda la riflessione sulle dinamiche e sui flussi che interessano la food city region, considerando spazi, attori e economie implicate, attraverso un approccio che esamina criticamente la città e la campagna. Il secondo quesito muove dalla necessità di definire un modello di rappresentazione consono alla restituzione delle dinamiche osservate sul territorio e capace di restituire degli output a partire dall’interpretazione critica dei fenomeni. Il terzo riflette sulle caratteristiche della Matera food city region per individuarne potenzialità da cui articolare strategie per i territori del cibo. Il commento delle risposte alle prime questioni sarà il presupposto per la formulazione di un ulteriore quesito che riguarda il ruolo che possono avere gli strumenti innovativi in questo processo, di cui si fornirà un modello applicativo condiviso tra più attori nella parte finale dell’elaborato. Questo lavoro di ricerca si compone di tre operazioni differenti e fortemente complementari, ma tuttavia riconoscibili nella struttura della tesi. La prima riguarda lo studio critico della letteratura con una ricostruzione del ruolo assunto dal cibo nel corso dell’ultimo ventennio nella pianificazione delle città e dei territori. A seguire alcune definizioni sul sistema del cibo, sulle spazialità della ricerca e sulle politiche e regolamentazioni internazionali e nazionali. L’introduzione alla tematica della ricerca sarà la base disciplinare su cui saranno presentati i quesiti, gli obiettivi, i materiali e i metodi utilizzati. In chiusura della prima parte sarà introdotto il contesto della ricerca. La seconda parte della tesi è un lavoro più disciplinare e riferisce della ricerca sul campo attraverso la ricostruzione del sistema del cibo mediante l’analisi e l’interpretazione dei modelli organizzativi riconoscibili sul territorio in termini spaziali, ma anche quantitativi e qualitativi. Il riferimento in questa fase è stato lo studio delle performance delle varie fasi in cui è stato diviso a monte il sistema del cibo (produzione e trasformazione, trasporto e distribuzione, consumo). Una tematizzazione delle fasi dell’indagine che ha chiarito le relazioni tra spazialità, attori e dinamiche e le connessioni tra i vari processi nella fase di ricostruzione complessiva del fenomeno, svolta allo scopo di restituire una interpretazione critica del processo. Nella terza parte il commento dei risultati dell’analisi consentirà di ricostruire una lettura della geografia del territorio attraverso la lente del cibo. Saranno specificate le basi su cui è stato articolato il modello applicativo condiviso tra città, università e impresa che prova ad utilizzare uno strumento innovativo per la formulazione di strategie operative capaci di valorizzare i territori in chiave cibo. Matera e la sua food city region possono riarticolarsi in una visione che combina i processi culturali e agro-forestali dei paesaggi autentici lucani con la dimensione sistemica del cibo capace di relazionare tra loro patrimoni filiere e società. L’innovazione in tal senso può fornire gli strumenti per l’implementazione di atlanti patrimoniali interattivi e in grado di proporre governance partecipate e sinergiche.
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D'AMORE, Andrea. "Conoscere per conservare e valorizzare. Le masserie quale elemento di sviluppo per il territorio delle Madonie." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10447/395490.

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Chatelain, D. "WLAN over GSM for IP access in African rural areas." Tshwane University of Technology, 2007. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001076.

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In general, rural areas in Africa are seen as unprofitable by operators and hence these areas do not benefit from typical wired Internet access. Due to the cost involved, only a small number of people in Africa benefit from the Internet. On the other hand, the Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) has thoroughly penetrated Africa and in many cases unutilized capacity exists in rural areas. Since the cost of GSM services is still extremely high when compared to the average income of African communities, many organizations are now considering alternative business models for the provision of Internet access to disadvantaged populations. To try to bridge the digital divide, the aim of this contribution is to show that basic but affordable Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity can be provided to rural communities by using spare capacity on GSM networks to carry Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) traffic. Since the main problem with WLAN in Africa is not the last mile, but rather finding a way to connect the wireless access point to an existing backbone network, a solution to integrate WLAN with GSM is proposed.
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Iraba, Marie Louise. "Inexpensive mobile technologies to empower rural farmers with m-agriculture." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_9526_1370595447.

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Market information and established communication between seller and buyer play an important role in business activities. This thesis investigates the Transkei area in the Eastern Cape 
Province, South Africa to find out how to empower rural farmers by providing them with less-expensive mobile technology enabling them to post and advertise their produce, access market 
information on a common database, and find and communicate with potential customers. The farmers&rsquo
requirements were identified using quantitative and qualitative methods and a prototype 
consisting of USSD and web applications was developed. It allows the farmer to follow a sequence of menu commands to send a request to the database and access market information, such 
as commodity prices, and post information about their own produce so as to attract more customers. The low cost of USSD and the ubiquity of mobile phones enable the system to be usable, affordable and effective. During the final stage of development, the system was tested successfully and addressed a major problem faced by farmers, i.e. lack of access to market information.

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Gomez, Corrochano Daniel. "Social Networks and the flow of people : The effects of computer-mediated communication on mobility of young people from a rural area in Spain." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Avdelningen för medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-13833.

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This research examines how social networking fosters the mobility of young people in a rural Spain. Generally, rural areas have been overlooked in the discourse on Globalization and Network Society, which is the foundation of the concept of “linked city”. Although many scholars have highlighted the direct link between the increase in the modes of communication of people and the increase of any kind of interaction, face-to-face included, it is necessary to stress that most of these studies are conducted in urban context where a certain grade of efficient transport exists. This study provides an approach to the impact of mediated communication on the lives of people in villages. Based on the concept of Digital Natives this study addresses the Social Network use of young people in a determined rural area in Spain and its correlation with the aim of mobility of the respondents. The results bring to light a certain degree of correlation between the increase of interaction via the Internet and the wish of mobility. Besides, this study uncovers a transportation shortage among locations in this rural area that forces young people to reduce the face-to-face interactions around specific nodes (e.g. High School or a near big city). Finally this study stresses the need for improvement of the transportation networks in terms of cost, flexibility, functionality and reach among rural population in order to avoid a cultural, economic and social backwardness in comparison to urban environments.
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Andersson, Erika. "Are You Staying? : A Study of In-movers to Northern Sweden and the Factors Influencing Migration and Duration of Stay." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Kulturgeografi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-137446.

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The distribution of the population has multiple implications on regional development and planning. In-migration is frequently seen as the only possible solution in order to rejuvenate the population and stimulate regional development in sparsely populated regions. A population increase results in greater tax revenues, meaning that local authorities can plan for their inhabitants and expenditures in a more sufficient way. In addition, certain professionals are needed in order to support essential local services such as schools and hospitals. Place marketing with the intention of attracting in-movers has become increasingly popular, especially for rural, sparsely populated Swedish municipalities. Still, the outcome from place marketing efforts are dubious and in addition, migration has a temporal aspect and individual migration propensity usually fluctuates over time. This begs the question – how long do in-movers stay? Is there potential for long lasting development in sparsely populated regions connected to in-movers or is it temporary? This study focuses on the duration of time until an in-mover re-migrates from Region 8 in northern Sweden and which socioeconomic and demographic factors that influences the out- migration. This is studied by applying an event history method with discrete-time logistic regressions. The study follows individuals in working age that moved to any of nine specified municipalities in Västerbotten and Norrbotten County, sometime between 2000 and 2011. Questions posed for the study is: i) On average, how long did people who moved to Region 8 between the years 2000-2011 stay in the region? ii) What are the socioeconomic and demographic factors that influence the out-migration from the region? iii) Do the influencing factors differ between women and men? The results show that the time perspective matters as the risk of moving out was highest in the initial years and that it declines with time. 30 % of the sampled in-movers had moved out again within the time of observation, and on average the in-movers stayed for nine years. The regression results indicated that the factors that had the greatest influence on the out- migration was unemployment, being between 20-26 years old, high education, having and unemployed partner, and having children below school age. Women had a slightly lower likelihood of moving out compared to men, and the most prominent influential factor to outmigration that varied between women and men was unemployment.
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Di, Giorgi Francesco. "Sviluppo locale e digital divide." Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/1065.

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L oggetto della ricerca si incentra nella correlazione tra il fenomeno dello sviluppo locale e la problematica del digital divide. L intento che si intende perseguire consiste nella formulazione di ipotesi di risposta ad alcune domande poste in relazione alle due tematiche citate. In altri termini ci si chiede se gli strumenti tipici dello sviluppo locale possano o meno svolgere un ruolo nella riduzione, o quantomeno, nel contenimento del divario digitale inteso nella sua duplice versione ossia differenza nella dotazione all accesso alla rete internet e disparità nel grado di alfabetizzazione informatica. Inoltre si intende comprendere se, colmato il divario, possano derivare, o meno, effetti tali da contribuire allo sviluppo di un territorio. Per cercare di rispondere alle domande formulate, occorrerà pertanto capire cosa si intende per digital divide studiando, il fenomeno sin dalla sua nascita nonché analizzando le diverse ipotesi di evoluzione del divario nel tempo e, contestualmente, la differente morfologia che esso assume in base al contesto di riferimento. Occorre, infatti, notare che il divario digitale non è un fenomeno statico, legato esclusivamente all avvento della nuova tecnologia internet, ma un concetto in continua evoluzione, noto nell ambiente come moving target. Pertanto, si affronteranno le differenti accezioni del fenomeno concentrandosi in particolare su due fattispecie: il digital divide strutturale e quello reale. Sarà quindi trattata la tematica dell accesso alla rete internet, sia da un punto di vista giuridico che tecnico, al fine di acquisire gli strumenti necessari per comprendere le modalità di ridurre il divario digitale. Una volta quindi compreso il fenomeno e le relative ragioni di resistenza del mercato si passeranno in rassegna i recenti interventi governativi sia di stampo comunitario che nazionale volti alla riduzione del digital divide. Verranno presi, invece, in analisi i diversi interventi realizzati dalle regioni italiane ad eccezione della regione Sicilia. Attraverso l analisi rivolta alle diverse realtà locali italiane, si cercherà di valutare l eventuale efficienza dell intervento locale in merito alla riduzione del divario digitale con particolare riferimento ai Fondi rurali, sottolineando, se del caso, le best practices riscontrate. Alla luce dei risultati ottenuti verrà affrontata la questione della riduzione del divario digitale nella regione siciliana prendendo in considerazioni il ruolo delle istituzioni, le caratteristiche del territorio, la crescita della popolazione, l attuale divario digitale rilevato, l eventuale presenza di operatori locali virtuosi delle comunicazioni, nonché le potenzialità intrinseche legate all utilizzo di internet quale utile strumento di crescita economico-sociale. Si trarranno, infine, le conclusioni di quanto posto nel corso della trattazione per prospettare delle risposte ipotizzabili alle domande poste fornendo da un lato alcuni spunti di riflessione su possibili ipotesi di intervento e dall altro prendendo in considerazione i virtuosismi riscontrati in rete tali da creare un effetto positivo nello sviluppo locale del territorio.
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Mangano, Giuseppe, Consuelo Nava, Franco Rossi, and Girolamo Giordano. "Aree interne, processi innovativi per le comunità emergenti. Strategie e tattiche di rural making negli iti denominati presila catanzarese, Reventino-Savuto e area Grecanica." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10955/1792.

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Books on the topic "Aree rurali interne"

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Giacomelli, Matteo, and Fulvia Calcagni. Borgofuturo+: Un progetto locale per le aree interne. Macerata: Quodlibet, 2022.

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Doãn, Mậu Diệp. Survey of spontaneous migration to a rural and an urban area in Viet Nam. New York: United Nations, 1996.

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Mage, Julius A. Recent migration of Mennonite farmers into the Mount Forest Area of Ontario: Phase 1: location and general land use characteristics. Guelph, Ont: Dept. of Geography, University of Guelph, 1989.

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Tra urbano e rurale: Ricerche, progetti e linee guida per nuovi habitat di margine nei centri delle aree interne della Sardegna. Roma: Gangemi, 2012.

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Cross, Catherine. En waarheen nou?: Migration and settlement in the Cape Metropolitian Area (CMA) : report to the Cape Metropolitan Council. Stellenbosch, South Africa: Dept. of Sociology, University of Stellenbosch, 1999.

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James, Gerber, and Guang Lei 1965-, eds. Agriculture and rural connections in the Pacific. Aldershot, Hants, England: Ashgate, 2005.

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Gerber, James, and Lei Guang. Agriculture and Rural Connections in the Pacific. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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Gerber, James, and Lei Guang. Agriculture and Rural Connections in the Pacific. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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Parks, Lisa. Water, Energy, Access. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039362.003.0005.

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This chapter describes a particular rural configuration of Internet infrastructure in Zambia. It shows that access in this location is contingent on water resources, which not only generate hydroelectricity for the Zambian power grid but are also necessary for prospective Internet users' everyday survival in the community of Macha. Understanding the materialization of Internet infrastructure in rural Zambia works to destabilize dominant discourses that posit ICT (information and communication technology) diffusion and adoption in rural Africa as a straightforward path to “modernization,” “development,” and “global integration,” and instead points to local political, economic, and cultural challenges to the Internet's globalization. The chapter then foregrounds the struggles and contestations that are part of infrastructure development; the energy and biopower that infrastructures rely on; the relationality of water, transportation, and information systems; and the alternate ways that people imagine, use, or respond to infrastructure.
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(Editor), James Gerber, and Lei Guang (Editor), eds. Agriculture And Rural Connections In The Pacifi, 1500-1900 (The Pacific World: Lands, Peoples and History of the Pacific, 1500-1900). Variorum, 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Aree rurali interne"

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Sha, Sha, Weiwei Peng, and Xiao Li. "Construction of Rural Area Eco-Tourism Resource Optimization Model Under the Background of Internet Plus." In Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Conference on Management Science and Engineering Management, 341–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79203-9_27.

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Dalvit, Lorenzo, and Mfundiso Miya. "Becoming a Mobile Internet User in a South African Rural Area: The Case of Women in Dwesa." In Citizen, Territory and Technologies: Smart Learning Contexts and Practices, 101–11. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61322-2_10.

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Huang, Jikun, Lanlan Su, and Xinyu Liu. "Facilitating Inclusive Use of ICTs in Rural China." In Emerging-Economy State and International Policy Studies, 197–211. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5542-6_15.

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AbstractThe usage of information and communication technologies (ICTs) is increasingly becoming an important driving force for transforming the rural economy in China. Using a unique nationally-representative household survey dataset in 2015–2019, this study documents the overall trends of internet access, computer and smartphone usage, and e-commerce adoption in rural China and examines the main factors affecting farmers’ adoption of major ICTs. The results show that the increase in usage of ICTs has been impressive. Empirical analyses suggest that human capital, resource endowment, ICT infrastructure, and neighborhood influence are the main determinants of households’ or individuals’ adoption of ICTs. However, a digital divide has emerged across regions and among farmers. This study concludes with several policy implications for fostering rapid and inclusive usage of ICTs in rural areas in the coming digital era.
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Bissessar, Charmaine. "The Effects of Covid-19 on Rural School Communities in Guyana: New Directions or Old Methods Retooled." In Global Perspectives on Educational Innovations for Emergency Situations, 77–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99634-5_8.

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AbstractThe true effect of the pandemic will not be felt for many years. However, the present effect of the pandemic has resulted in a digital canyon between the haves and have nots concerning accessibility to devices and Internet connectivity. Rural school communities are feeling the effects of the pandemic. This qualitative methodology, based on the descriptive phenomenology approach, examined the views of a purposive sampling of 12 secondary school teachers who are teaching in rural Guyana (hinterland) regions, in order to understand some of the issues they and their students are facing. The issues were learning loss, the COVID slide, and digital divide. In order to mitigate these effects the teachers have been using first- and second-generation media (community boards, radio, and supermarket distribution sites). Their resilience and grit are evidenced as they continue the education process. Rural communities have galvanized into action to provide spaces for sharing worksheets and to ensure that no child is left behind.
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Pisarevskaya, Asya, and Peter Scholten. "Cities of Migration." In IMISCOE Research Series, 249–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92377-8_16.

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AbstractCities are often the main hubs or portals for migration. They are the places where people leave from, and where they first arrive at, after their migration journey, either to settle or to move on. They are also the places where diversities and mobilities become the most manifest. Built into the cross-roads of ancient trade routes, cities have been the centres for encounters between many cultures since ancient times. In the past, cities attracted internal migrants from rural areas, while nowadays, many cities have been shaped by a long history of international migration. For instance, the development of cities such as New York or London cannot be understood without taking into account their long migration histories. Indeed, in developing countries like Russia, China, South Africa, and Nigeria, urbanisation is still ongoing; both internal rural-urban or periphery-centre migrants, together with international migrants, are attracted to capital city urban centres, and this magnetism in turn shapes diversity landscapes.
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Shan, Jingjing, Yanan Geng, Jin Fu, and Binglei Yu. "Public Service Provision in China: Towards a More Equal Access System." In The Urban Book Series, 153–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74544-8_9.

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AbstractThechallengefacingurban policymakersis how to tackle the long-standing differences in social welfareand basic public services provision for migrant and incumbent workers arising from the dual-household registration system. In this chapter, we quantify inequalities in access to basic public services between migrant workers and the local urban population across different regions of China. We consider both inequalities within urban areas, and inequalities that exist between urban and rural areas. For urban areas, we find large inequalities in access to basic public services between the indigenous urban population and migrant workers. There are also significant differences between urban and rural areas. The level of basic public services in the West of China lags behind other regions. Across China as a whole, the gap within regions is greater than the gap between regions. Internal variations within a region arise mainly from inequality in access to basic public services between urban and rural populations and across urban neighbourhoods. Chinese public services are characterised by ‘dualisation’ in urban–rural provision and ‘fragmentation’ across regions in terms of the level and quality of service. These two features constitute a formidable obstacle for the ‘citizenisation’ of migrant workers. We provide detailed examples from across China of countermeasures and strategies currently being implemented to reduce inequalities in public service provision.
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Rajan, S. Irudaya, and R. B. Bhagat. "Internal Migration and the Covid-19 Pandemic in India." In Migration and Pandemics, 227–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81210-2_12.

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AbstractThis chapter looks at the effect of the Covid-19 pandemic on internal migrants in India. According to the 2011 Census, there are over 450 million internal migrants, of which a massive 54 million are inter-state migrants. A large number of these migrants consist of labourers who comprise a huge percentage of the informal sector workforce, both in the rural and urban areas of India, and are vital to the country’s economy. These workers are also some of the most vulnerable, with inadequacies in terms of working conditions and coverage of social safety nets, and are also largely absent from India’s policy discourses. This chapter highlights the size and extent of internal migration as well as its distribution across different states in India. It shows how the current crisis and lockdowns have affected their lives and livelihoods. It particularly looks at the responses of central and various state governments – at destinations and origins – to ensure migrants’ wellbeing. It also analyses the socioeconomic impact of the migrant exodus from major destinations and looks at solutions to enable and ensure that migration patterns in the future are sustainable, and more importantly, ensure migrants’ rights and dignity.
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Nefedova, Tatiana. "The 2010 Catastrophic Forest Fires in Russia: Consequence of Rural Depopulation?" In The Demography of Disasters, 71–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49920-4_4.

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Abstract Catastrophic forest fires hit the European part of Russian Federation during summer 2010 as result of a two-month-long period with temperatures above the average by 10 °C coupled with an unusually long drought period. Even though forest fires are usual for Russia, these are typically located in the sparsely populated Asian part of the country. As a consequence of the 2010 summer fires in the densely populated European part of Russia, the mass media poured forth reports of burning forests, villages, victims, about lost crops by fires. The situation was further dramatized by the fact that the extreme smoke from these fires reached Moscow. Seventeen million people lived in the regions where the state of emergency has been declared, and another 10 million in Moscow suffered from smoke. Over one-third of the population of the Russian Federation lived in those regions where the fires were very intense in summer 2010. Still, the main question remained after the disaster which I attempt to answer in this chapter; was the heat the only cause?
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Ibrahim, Zulkefli bin, Ainin Sulaiman, and Tengku M. Faziharudean. "Bringing the Internet to the Rural Area." In Digital Literacy, 438–60. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-1852-7.ch023.

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Malaysia aims to be an information society by the year 2020 can only be achieved if the mass population, that include those who live in the rural area, has the access to use the ICT. This is due to the uneven distribution of the basic telecommunication infostructure between the urban and rural areas in Malaysia that left the rural area to be at the disadvantage to access the ICT. Meanwhile, there are many programs that have been implemented by the government to encourage the rural population to use the Internet, such as ‘Kedaikom’, a community based telecenter serving the rural population. A questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate how ‘Kedaikom’ as a community based telecenter could assist in diffusing the usage of the ICT to the rural population. The result from the survey has indicated that the community telecenter could be used to bridge the digital divide between the underserved rural community and the well-accessed urban community. More of the rural population, especially from the younger generation and those with higher education background (irrespective of age) are using the community telecenter to be connected to the Internet.
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H K, Yogish, M. Niranjanamurthy, and Abhishek K L. "Smart Farming Solution using Internet of Things for Rural Area." In Advances in Industry 4.0, 119–30. De Gruyter, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110725490-007.

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Conference papers on the topic "Aree rurali interne"

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Pourhomayoun, Mohammad, Nabil Alshurafa, Foad Dabiri, Kartik Yadav, Costas Sideris, Linda Tseng, Hassan Ghasemzadeh, Adeline Nyamathi, and Majid Sarrafzadeh. "A Robust Remote Health Monitoring and Data Processing System for Rural Area with Limited Internet Access." In 11th International Conference on Body Area Networks. EAI, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.15-12-2016.2267661.

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Jain, P. C. "Rural wireless broadband Internet access in Wireless Regional Area network using cognitive radio." In 2013 International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication (ICSC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icspcom.2013.6719764.

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Carrillo, Dick, and Jorge Seki. "Rural area deployment of internet of things connectivity: LTE and LoRaWAN case study." In 2017 IEEE XXIV International Conference on Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computing (INTERCON). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/intercon.2017.8079711.

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GREBLIKAITE, Jolita, Neringa GERULAITIENE, and Wlodzimierz SROKA. "FROM TRADITIONAL BUSINESS TO SOCIAL ONE: NEW POSSIBILITIES FOR ENTREPRENEURS IN RURAL AREAS." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.139.

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In many EU countries economic and social development stagnates. The reasons are various and depends on the country. Some countries are still leaders (Germany, Great Britain, France), but depending on political events and complicated issues in each of them common EU internal market is kept as rather passive and not expanding in terms of consumption and investments. Especially it is related to countries suffering their internal business problems. The research problem of this paper is related to the issues how to provide some innovative solutions to traditional enterprises in Lithuania and Poland for their prosperous development. The aim of the paper is to analyse the situation and problems of traditional business in rural areas of Lithuania and Poland and propose development possibilities applying social initiatives and becoming social enterprises. The research object of the paper is traditional and social enterprises in rural areas. The research discloses that in Lithuania and Poland the situation in rural areas has a lot of similarities in terms of development and problems. Social entrepreneurship in both countries is kept as possibility but still problems and specificity exist in the countries.
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Saravanan, S., and P. Sudhakar. "Mobile towers signal propagation problems in rural area and to increase the internet speed in telemedicine." In 2017 International Conference on Computer Communication and Informatics (ICCCI). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccci.2017.8117728.

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CHRZANOWSKA, Mariola, and Monika ZIELIŃSKA-SITKIEWICZ. "EVALUATION OF SPATIAL DIFFERENTIATION OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL AREAS IN MAZOWIECKIE PROVINCE IN YEARS 2004-2016." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.225.

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Mazowieckie Province is a unique area of Poland. It is characterised by social and economic diversification. Located in this province, Warsaw strongly influences the development of neighbouring rural areas. On the other hand, rural municipalities whose socio-economic parameters are among the lowest in the country are located within several dozen kilometres from the centre of the capital. Such disparities show that Mazowieckie is characterised by large interregional differences in its internal structure. This is an interesting research area that requires the analysis of socio-economic development in this region to be conducted in a multidimensional way. The aim of this study is to evaluate the spatial differentiation of the level of socio-economic development of rural areas in Mazowieckie Province. Linear ordering was used to determine the level of socio-economic development. The results of the study are consistent with core-periphery theory. The large urban centres that function as the centres for the surrounding rural areas have the greatest impact on the level of rural development. The impact of smaller towns can also be noticed. They often are the local development centres for surrounding villages.
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Darusalam, Ucuk, Fitri Yuli Zulkifli, Purnomo Sidi Priambodo, and Eko Tjipto Rahardjo. "Full-Duplex of Optical Relaying Network in FSO Communications to Provide Broadband Internet Connection in Rural Area." In 2019 IEEE R10 Humanitarian Technology Conference (R10-HTC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/r10-htc47129.2019.9042461.

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Joshi, Akhilesh, Indraja Dandekar, Narayan Hargude, A. P. Shrotri, and A. R. Dandekar. "Application of Internet of the Things(IOT) for the Water Conservation and Entrepreneurship in the Rural Area." In 2019 IEEE Pune Section International Conference (PuneCon). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/punecon46936.2019.9105807.

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Chen, Jie. "Network Analysis Based on 2/4G Common Coverage Research in Rural Area." In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Internet of Things (iThings) and IEEE Green Computing and Communications (GreenCom) and IEEE Cyber, Physical and Social Computing (CPSCom) and IEEE Smart Data (SmartData). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cybermatics_2018.2018.00078.

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ŠADZEVIČIUS, Raimondas, Vincas GURSKIS, Rytis SKOMINAS, and Dainius RAMUKEVIČIUS. "THE REGIME OF COWSHED ENVIRONMENT AND GROUND SOILS TEMPERATURE." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.071.

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The quantity and quality of milk depends not only on milking or milk storage equipment but also on cow's well-being. A cow lying on the animal bed gives a certain amount of heat, as intense heat exchanges occur on the ground through the floor. When lying, the blood in the cow’s udder flows more intensely. It is known that for the formation of one liter of milk 500 liters of blood should flow through the cow’s udder. The amount of milk is highly dependent from the micro-climate of the animal’s bed, during the rest of the cow. The poorly installed or inappropriately designed bearing bed’s floors do not meet the physiological needs of the animals from a thermal point of view, much more energy loss occurs. Often there are cases where cold-frozen animals suffer from various cold diseases and their productivity decreases. Therefore, no less attention should be paid to the cow’s bed floor. The article analyses the temperature regime of the base of the cowshed and the ground of its environment during the regular period. The structure of the cowshed building is energy-heated, with bearing vault structures. Cows are kept tied up in re-bars. The floor of the cowshed room is installed on the ground. The ground floor temperature is fixed in 3 boreholes under the floor and also in 3 wells near the cowshed ground. Temperatures were fixed up to 6 meters deep. The fields of distribution of the base of the cowshed and its ground temperature are established during the regular period. Analysis of the temperature of the base of the cowshed and its environment showed that the ground temperature is influenced by the amount of heat released by the animal, which transmits itself not only to the room, but also to the base ground through the floor of the bearing bed. Since the bed’s floor is installed on the ground, the amount of heat loss caused by the animal through the floor depends not only on the thermal properties of the floor, but also on the base ground temperature regime. Extremely intense heat exchanges through the base ground occur during the coldest period of the year.
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Reports on the topic "Aree rurali interne"

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Brewer, Jonathan, Yoonee Jeong, and Arndt Husar. Last Mile Connectivity: Addressing the Affordability Frontier. Asian Development Bank, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps220514-2.

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This working paper addresses the challenge to implement ‘last mile’ solutions that deliver affordable internet connectivity to communities in Asia and the Pacific region. It examines how COVID-19 increased demand for internet access and explains why new technologies are failing to deliver affordable connectivity to rural and remote populations. It explores access gaps and details technological, regulatory, and investment strategies that can help close the digital divide. Explaining how last-mile connectivity can provide affordable, resilient, and reliable solutions, it shows why it is central to building an inclusive digital future for all.
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Garrity, John, and Arndt Husar. Digital Connectivity and Low Earth Orbit Satellite: Constellations Opportunities for Asia and the Pacific. Asian Development Bank, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps210156-2.

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Satellite communication plays an important role in the global connectivity ecosystem. It connects rural and remote populations, provides backhaul connectivity to mobile cellular networks, and enables rapid communications for emergency and disaster responses. Low Earth orbit constellations may prove to be transformational to the connectivity landscape based on their global coverage and their suitability for areas not served by fiber optic cable networks. The Asian Development Bank’s developing member countries are well placed to benefit from this expansion of internet connectivity. It will be particularly valuable for small island developing states and landlocked developing countries with limited international bandwidth internet.
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Haider, Huma. Area-based Programming in Fragile- and Conflict-affected Contexts. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.011.

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Area-based programming (ABP) is an approach that defines an area as the primary entry point, rather than a sector or target group. It is particularly appropriate in areas with complex, inter-related and multi-sectoral needs (USWG, 2019). Evaluations of ABP suggest that such an approach can be effective in responding to complex conflict characteristics on sub-national levels (UNDP, 2018). Despite growing interest in ABP, evidence is still greater for sectoral or issue-based approaches.The adoption of area-based approaches in cross-border rural areas of the Western Balkans are some of the earliest of such interventions discussed and evaluated. There has in recent years been an increase in discussion and case studies of the application of ABP in urban settings. This rapid literature review looks at area-based approaches in rural and urban settings, focusing on Afghanistan, along with a brief look at examples from Syria, Lebanon, Mauritania, and the Western Balkans. It draws out collective strengths, factors of success, and weaknesses and challenges from these country and regional programmes. It concludes with a list of lessons and recommendations.
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Islam, Asiya, and Preeti Manchanda. Gender Inequalities in Digital India: A survey on digital literacy, access, and use. Digital Futures at Work Research Centre (Digit), January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.20919/mcuu2363.

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This paper reports the main findings from a survey on gender inequalities in digital literacy, use, and access among youth (18-25 years) in three parts of India – Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, and Bihar. In addition to gender, the survey was attentive to other inequalities too in its enquiry about the location (urban/rural), caste, household income, and education level of the respondents. This paper largely presents inequalities of gender as they intersect with urban/rural location since other variables, while important, yielded smaller numbers that need further careful analysis. The survey was informed by various contemporary developments – global growth in the use of digital technology for education, employment, and everyday lives; Covid-19 pandemic that has accelerated this growth; and the Digital India programme that aims to empower citizens through digital skilling. The survey, then, set out to explore the nature and implications of social inequalities in a society moving towards digital empowerment. The survey findings reveal overwhelming dependence among young people on smartphones for internet access and that entertainment and social media are the top uses of the internet. The survey also finds that women, particularly in rural areas, are less likely than men to exclusively own smartphones. That is, the smartphones that women have access to tend to be ‘household phones’, shared with other members of the family. This has consequences for the time and purposes that women are able to use smartphones and internet for. Based on these findings, the paper proposes avenues for further research on intersectional inequalities in digital literacy, access, and use. It also suggests policy interventions to maximise the potential of digital technology for education and employment, with specific attention to gender inequalities.
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Hoang, Tu Anh, Pauline Oosterhoff, Lan Anh Le, and Phuong Nga Dinh. Equitable Access and Public Attitudes to Vaccination for Internal Migrants in Vietnam. Institute of Development Studies, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2023.011.

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This mixed methods participatory study explores equity and fairness in access to Vietnam’s Covid-19 vaccination programme, when the Covid-19 vaccine was scarce, with a focus on internal migrant workers. At the beginning of the pandemic large numbers of Vietnamese migrants from rural areas lost their jobs. Migrants are vital to the Vietnamese economy. Many factories that produce goods for export employ internal migrants. Before the pandemic, these workers faced inequalities of access to available health services and nutritious food. Although the Vietnamese state aspires to universal access to health, internal migrant workers living outside their village do not have long-term household book registration, which is the key to access many public services including health care and prevention. We found that migrant workers, especially those working in the export zones where factories produce for export, did have access to vaccination. However, there are intersectional inequalities between internal migrants based on other characteristics such as (dis)ability.
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Acosta, Karina. Locked up? The development and internal migration nexus in Colombia. Banco de la República, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/dtseru.304.

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Although a sizable number of studies have been exploring the migration development nexus in international settings, there is still a reduced number on internal contexts in recent years. This research aims to estimate the causal effect of origin economic conditions on internal population migration using a time series of the Colombian states between 2012 and 2019. This analysis provides a macro perspective of associations and causation between population dynamics and development in the current changes observed using spatial interaction models. Likewise, it analyses the current portray of internal migration in Colombia (defined by five-years and one-year flows). The evidence shows that the migration hump depends on the scale at which it is analyzed. At an aggregated scale, initial economic conditions are negatively associated with migration until a threshold where this relationship is reversed. The opposite is observed in the rural migrants subsample.
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7

García Zaballos, Antonio, Pau Puig Gabarró, and Enrique Iglesias Rodriguez. Digital Infrastructure in Trinidad and Tobago: Analysis, Challenges, and Action Plan. Inter-American Development Bank, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003997.

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This document presents an analysis of the state of digital connectivity in Trinidad and Tobago and an action plan to close the existing gap between the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean and those of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. There is also a large gap within the country between urban, densely populated regions and rural, remote, or difficult-to-access regions. Among the impediments to closing the gap are: lack of investment in infrastructure in the most remote areas; limited bandwidth of citizens, institutions and companies that are far from this infrastructure; and lack of competition among internet companies. The government is making efforts in the areas of a universal service fund, spectrum management, and the formulation of the national ICT plan to improve access conditions in the country. Finally, the document estimates the investment gap in the region and in Trinidad and Tobago specifically.
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Marshall, Amber, Krystle Turner, Carol Richards, Marcus Foth, Michael Dezuanni, and Tim Neale. A case study of human factors of digital AgTech adoption: Condamine Plains, Darling Downs. Queensland University of Technology, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.227177.

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As global agricultural production methods and supply chains have become more digitised, farmers around the world are adopting digital AgTech such as drones, Internet of Things (IoT), remote sensors, blockchain, and satellite imagery to inform their on-farm decision-making. While early adopters and technology advocates globally are spruiking and realising the benefits of digital AgTech, many Australian farmers are reluctant or unable to participate fully in the digital economy. This is an important issue, as the Australian Government has said that digital farming is essential to meeting its target of agriculture being a $100billion industry by 2030. Most studies of AgTech adoption focus on individual-level barriers, yielding well-documented issues such as access to digital connectivity, availability of AgTech suppliers, non-use of ICTs, and cost-benefit for farmers. In contrast, our project took an ‘ecosystems’ approach to study cotton farmers in the Darling Downs region in Queensland, Australia who are installing water sensors, satellite imagery, and IoT plant probes to generate data to be aggregated on a dashboard to inform decision-making. We asked our farmers to map their local ecosystem, and then set up interviewing different stakeholders (such technology providers, agronomists, and suppliers) to understand how community-level orientations to digital agriculture enabled and constrained on-farm adoption. We identified human factors of digital AgTech adoption at the macro, regional and farm levels, with a pronounced ‘data divide’ between farm and community level stakeholders within the ecosystem. This ‘data divide’ is characterised by a capability gap between the provision of the devices and software that generate data by technology companies, and the ability of farmers to manage, implement, use, and maintain them effectively and independently. In the Condamine Plains project, farmers were willing and determined to learn new, advanced digital and data literacy skills. Other farmers in different circumstances may not see value in such an undertaking or have the necessary support to take full advantage of the technologies once they are implemented. Moreover, there did not seem to be a willingness or capacity in the rest of the ecosystem to fill this gap. The work raises questions about the type and level of new, digital expertise farmers need to attain in the transition to digital farming, and what interventions are necessary to address the significant barriers to adoption and effective use that remain in rural communities. By holistically considering how macro- and micro-level factors may be combined with community-level influences, this study provides a more complete and holistic account of the contextualised factors that drive or undermine digital AgTech adoption on farms in rural communities. This report provides insights and evidence to inform strategies for rural ecosystems to transition farms to meet the requirements and opportunities of Agriculture 4.0 in Australia and abroad.
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Adegoke, Damilola, Natasha Chilambo, Adeoti Dipeolu, Ibrahim Machina, Ade Obafemi-Olopade, and Dolapo Yusuf. Public discourses and Engagement on Governance of Covid-19 in Ekiti State, Nigeria. African Leadership Center, King's College London, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47697/lab.202101.

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Numerous studies have emerged so far on Covid-19 (SARS-CoV-2) across different disciplines. There is virtually no facet of human experience and relationships that have not been studied. In Nigeria, these studies include knowledge and attitude, risk perception, public perception of Covid-19 management, e-learning, palliatives, precautionary behaviours etc.,, Studies have also been carried out on public framing of Covid-19 discourses in Nigeria; these have explored both offline and online messaging and issues from the perspectives of citizens towards government’s policy responses such as palliative distributions, social distancing and lockdown. The investigators of these thematic concerns deployed different methodological tools in their studies. These tools include policy evaluations, content analysis, sentiment analysis, discourse analysis, survey questionnaires, focus group discussions, in depth-interviews as well as machine learning., These studies nearly always focus on the national government policy response, with little or no focus on the constituent states. In many of the studies, the researchers work with newspaper articles for analysis of public opinions while others use social media generated contents such as tweets) as sources for analysis of sentiments and opinions. Although there are others who rely on the use of survey questionnaires and other tools outlined above; the limitations of these approaches necessitated the research plan adopted by this study. Most of the social media users in Nigeria are domiciled in cities and their demography comprises the middle class (socio-economic) who are more likely to be literate with access to internet technologies. Hence, the opinions of a majority of the population who are most likely rural dwellers with limited access to internet technologies are very often excluded. This is not in any way to disparage social media content analysis findings; because the opinions expressed by opinion leaders usually represent the larger subset of opinions prevalent in the society. Analysing public perception using questionnaires is also fraught with its challenges, as well as reliance on newspaper articles. A lot of the newspapers and news media organisations in Nigeria are politically hinged; some of them have active politicians and their associates as their proprietors. Getting unbiased opinions from these sources might be difficult. The news articles are also most likely to reflect and amplify official positions through press releases and interviews which usually privilege elite actors. These gaps motivated this collaboration between Ekiti State Government and the African Leadership Centre at King’s College London to embark on research that will primarily assess public perceptions of government leadership response to Covid-19 in Ekiti State. The timeframe of the study covers the first phase of the pandemic in Ekiti State (March/April to August 2020).
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Journeay, M., P. LeSueur, W. Chow, and C L Wagner. Physical exposure to natural hazards in Canada. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/330012.

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Natural hazard threats occur in areas of the built environment where buildings, people, and related financial assets are exposed to the physical effects of earth system processes that have a potential to cause damage, injuries, losses, and related socioeconomic disruption. As cities, towns, and villages continue to expand and densify in response to the pressures of urban growth and development, so too do the levels of exposure and susceptibility to natural hazard threat. While our understanding of natural hazard processes has increased significantly over the last few decades, the ability to assess both overall levels of physical exposure and the expected impacts and consequences of future disaster events (i.e., risk) is often limited by access to an equally comprehensive understanding of the built environment and detailed descriptions of who and what are situated in harm's way. This study addresses the current gaps in our understanding of physical exposure to natural hazards by presenting results of a national model that documents characteristics of the built environment for all settled areas in Canada. The model (CanEM) includes a characterization of broad land use patterns that describe the form and function of cities, towns, and villages of varying size and complexity, and the corresponding portfolios of people, buildings and related financial assets that make up the internal structure and composition of these communities at the census dissemination area level. Outputs of the CanEM model are used to carry out a preliminary assessment of exposure and susceptibility to significant natural hazard threats in Canada including earthquake ground shaking; inundation of low-lying areas by floods and tsunami; severe winds associated with hurricanes and tornados; wildland urban interface fire (wildfire); and landslides of various types. Results of our assessment provide important new insights on patterns of development and defining characteristics of the built environment for major metropolitan centres, rural and remote communities in different physiographic regions of Canada, and the effects of ongoing urbanization on escalating disaster risk trends at the community level. Profiles of physical exposure and hazard susceptibility described in this report are accompanied by open-source datasets that can be used to inform local and/or regional assessments of disaster risk, community planning and emergency management activities for all areas in Canada. Study outputs contribute to broader policy goals and objectives of the International Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 2015-2030; Un General Assembly, 2015) and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR 2015-2030; United Nations Office for Disaster Reduction [UNDRR], 2015), of which Canada is a contributing member. These include a more complete understanding of natural hazard risk at all levels of government, and the translation of this knowledge into actionable strategies that are effective in reducing intrinsic vulnerabilities of the built environment and in strengthening the capacity of communities to withstand and recover from future disaster events.
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