Journal articles: 'Area solved'

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Bosák, Lukáš, and Milan Palko. "Energy Saving Building in Mountain Area." Advanced Materials Research 1057 (October 2014): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1057.27.

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The main intention of this report is solution of energy-saving building in mountain area, which uses the resources of the natural environment. It is the building of the mountain hotel in this concrete case. Firstly, there is solved the energy concept of the building which uses natural resources. There is also described the design of a building, which is designed in an overwhelming majority as a wooden building. The constructions are handled with an aspect of their thermal properties. There has been solved the thermal analysis of the major structural compositions. The connections between compositions of layers can be seen in the construction details. Those connections form together a single thermal insulated coverage of the building. There has been also solved 2D thermal analysis of the temperatures for the opening structures, especially windows. The windows are considered in two positions of mounting.

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Rymarczyk, Tomasz, and Przemysław Adamkiewicz. "NONDESTRUCTIVE METHOD TO DETERMINE MOISTURE AREA IN HISTORICAL BUILDING." Informatics Control Measurement in Economy and Environment Protection 7, no. 1 (March 30, 2017): 68–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.4586.

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This paper presents a nondestructive method of brick wall dampness testing in real building structures. The proposed algorithm was used to determine the moisture of test brick walls on the specially models. The finite element method has been used to solve the forward problem. The algorithm is initialized by using one step methods and topological sensitivity analysis. There was constructed the forward model and solved the inverse for visualization of moisture inside objects.

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Di, Li Ming, Chun Jing Yang, and Yong Sheng Zhao. "Mathematical Model for Closed-Form Solution of Parameters of Cylinder Exhaust Port in Variable-Stroke Engine." Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (March 2010): 2724–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.2724.

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A mathematical model for getting the closed-form solution of main parameters of cylinder exhaust port is present, based on a few known parameters of variable-stroke engine (VSE). Considering lack of parameters in the initial stage of design, empirical formula is applied to solve the initial specific time-area value of exhaust port, and the initial port timing angle is solved by using logarithmic alignment method, thereby height and width of the exhaust port can be solved, then the precise specific time-area value and port timing angle are solved by using the coefficient calculation method and logarithmic alignment method respectively, so that the relative errors between initial and precise values of specific time-area value and port timing angle are defined as the relative errors of the mathematical model. Application examples show that the relative errors of the model is less than 3%.

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Hicks, James E., and Mounir M. Abdel-Aal. "Maximum Likelihood Estimation for Combined Travel Choice Model Parameters." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1645, no. 1 (January 1998): 160–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1645-20.

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Equilibrium models of combined location and travel choices solve for the modal link flow pattern, which simultaneously solves a constrained minimization problem and satisfies a set of equilibrium conditions characterizing a rational behavior for traveler choices in an urban transportation system. The minimization problem typically is made to be representative of the particular urban area being studied by including coefficients of travel costs and travel choices that have been estimated from locally available observed data. For large urban areas, in practice, it is possible to derive interzonal travel times and costs only from the travel model, because suitable observed data are nonexistent. In this case, the estimation problem is a function of the travel model variables and, at the same time, the travel model is a function of the parameters determined by the estimation problem. Procedures to computationally search for a stable solution to this bilevel optimization problem have been addressed with limited success. The parameter estimation is solved in an iterative procedure in which first parameters are held fixed and the travel model is solved, then travel patterns are held fixed and the maximum likelihood parameters are solved by the Newton-Raphson method. Each successive parameter estimation resulting from these two steps results in a new set of parameter values for the next iteration until stable values for the parameters are achieved. The quality of the convergence of the parameter estimates is reported.

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Zemanek, Holger. "COMPETITIVENESS WITHIN THE EURO AREA: THE PROBLEM THAT STILL NEEDS TO BE SOLVED." Economic Affairs 30, no. 3 (October 2010): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0270.2010.02020.x.

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Narasimhan, Harikrishna, and Shivani Agarwal. "Support Vector Algorithms for Optimizing the Partial Area under the ROC Curve." Neural Computation 29, no. 7 (July 2017): 1919–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_00972.

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The area under the ROC curve (AUC) is a widely used performance measure in machine learning. Increasingly, however, in several applications, ranging from ranking to biometric screening to medicine, performance is measured not in terms of the full area under the ROC curve but in terms of the partial area under the ROC curve between two false-positive rates. In this letter, we develop support vector algorithms for directly optimizing the partial AUC between any two false-positive rates. Our methods are based on minimizing a suitable proxy or surrogate objective for the partial AUC error. In the case of the full AUC, one can readily construct and optimize convex surrogates by expressing the performance measure as a summation of pairwise terms. The partial AUC, on the other hand, does not admit such a simple decomposable structure, making it more challenging to design and optimize (tight) convex surrogates for this measure. Our approach builds on the structural SVM framework of Joachims ( 2005 ) to design convex surrogates for partial AUC and solves the resulting optimization problem using a cutting plane solver. Unlike the full AUC, where the combinatorial optimization needed in each iteration of the cutting plane solver can be decomposed and solved efficiently, the corresponding problem for the partial AUC is harder to decompose. One of our main contributions is a polynomial time algorithm for solving the combinatorial optimization problem associated with partial AUC. We also develop an approach for optimizing a tighter nonconvex hinge loss–based surrogate for the partial AUC using difference-of-convex programming. Our experiments on a variety of real-world and benchmark tasks confirm the efficacy of the proposed methods.

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Lobaty, A. A., Y. F. Yatsyna, V. Y. Stepanov, and A. Y. Bumai. "Probabilistic analysis of getting into in restricted area by unmanned aerial vehical." «System analysis and applied information science», no. 4 (December 30, 2019): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2309-4923-2019-4-46-54.

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The probabilistic analysis of crossing by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) of the boundary of the no-fly area is solved. Condition of stating of the fact of the violation of the boundary of the restricted area is to stand of UAV within the area during a specified time. The substantiation of the mathematical model to research through linearized vector stochastic equation is carried out. The problem is solved by applying the theory of Markov processes of random structure with absorption of realizations at the boundary of a given area. Particularity of the approach is the contemporaneously consideration of two probability densities of the distribution of phase coordinates that describe the boundary conditions. In this case, two equations systems are solved for probabilistic moments: taking into account the absorption of realizations and without taking into account the absorption. The probability of an object gets into specified area and do not leave one during the time that necessary to notice the unmanned aerial vehicle at the restricted area.

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KRAMAR FIJAVŽ, MARJETA, MITJA LAKNER, and MARJETA ŠKAPIN RUGELJ. "AN EQUAL-AREA METHOD FOR SCALAR CONSERVATION LAWS." ANZIAM Journal 53, no. 2 (October 2011): 156–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1446181112000065.

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AbstractWe study the one-dimensional conservation law. We use a characteristic surface to define a class of functions, within which the integral version of the conservation law is solved in a simple and direct way. A simple algorithm for computing the unique solution is developed. The method uses the equal-area principle and yields the solution for any given time directly.

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Ma, Dian Guang, Xin Liu, Jia Qiang Zhao, Xiao Fei Liu, and Shao Xi Li. "The Research of Navigation Flow Conditions and Improvement Measures on Entrance Area and Connecting Reach of Dahua Lock in Hongshui River." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 3624–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.3624.

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The ship facilities didn’t be constructed in step with the construction of Dahua Terminal in Hongshui River of Guangxi province, while the argumentation didn’t be carried out when navigation lock was built out. In the condition above, when the navigation lock was completed, the navigation flow conditions in the entrance area of downstream and the linkage section was bad, so ships were difficult to enter the approach channel. The research of navigation flow conditions and nay navigation mechanism in the entrance area of downstream and the linkage section in current condition was implemented through physical model combining ship model. The method of using traditional navigation wall and navigation pier to improve flow conditions didn’t be adopted in renovation research. The new renovation idea of changing inflow conditions was used innovatively and bad flow pattern problem was solved by using deep pools terrain in the entrance area of downstream. After the implementation of the engineering, nay navigation problem was solved effectively and ships could pass the terminal successfully. This engineering provides a new way to solve similar terminal navigation problem.

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Wang, Shuaian, Ran Yan, Lingxiao Wu, and Dong Yang. "Optimal re-allocation of mooring areas for yachts." Maritime Business Review 4, no. 1 (March 18, 2019): 94–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mabr-11-2018-0045.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to propose a mathematical optimization model to solve the yacht mooring area re-allocation problem (YMARP). The objective of the problem is to allow the maximum number of yachts to be moored at their ideal mooring areas. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the YMARP is introduced, formally defined and discussed. The authors develop a 0-1 integer programing optimization model for the problem, which can be solved efficiently using off-shelf solvers. The performance of the model is tested on extensive numerical experiments. Findings The results of the numerical experiments demonstrate that the proposed model can solve the YMARP very efficiently using off-shelf solvers like CPLEX. In particular, problems with up to 30,000 yachts and 400 mooring areas can be solved to optimum within 30 s. Originality/value This study is one of the preliminary studies to consider problems arising in yacht management in a quantitative manner. The proposed model has three main merits. First, it enables the government to better manage yachts and mooring areas. Second, with more yacht owners assigned with ideal mooring areas, the model helps reduce the traveling time of the yacht owners to yacht mooring areas. Third, by reducing the traveling time of the yacht owners, the model contributes to lessening the traffic burden in cities.

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Wei, Qing, and Hong Yan Ma. "The Dividing Area Control of Lighting System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 330 (June 2013): 587–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.330.587.

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The lighting system is an integral part of the whole building. Lighting control system is an important part of the lighting system and lighting design. As increasingly severe of the energy issues, energy saving has become one of the problems to be solved in the lighting control system. This paper takes a normally used office as an example. Control the blinds and the lamps in the office reasonably. On the premise of the full use of daylight, make the office achieve the most comfortable illumination by using artificial lighting supplies.

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Onikienko, V. V., and L. M. Yemelyanenko. "Nation social capital: methodological problems of the economic interaction area study." Ukrainian Society 30, no. 3 (October 9, 2009): 72–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/socium2009.03.072.

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In the article the challenging methodological problems concerning determination of socioeconomic content of the nation’s social capital category, development of methodological principles and logically structured scheme devoted Ukraine’s up-to-date social capital in context of economical interaction spheres research shaping are solved.

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Korytárová, J., and V. Hromádka. "Assessment of the flood damages on the real estate property in the Czech Republic area." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 56, No. 7 (July 20, 2010): 317–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/56/2010-agricecon.

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The problem of floods can be solved by investment activities in the form of the flood protection measures or by the potential liquidation of damages after the flood. In the frame of the solved grant projects, there was developed the basic methodology for the losses on the immovable property in the territory assessment and consequently the database of input data for its use. The output of the described methodology enables the comparison of the potential losses on immovable property with the investment costs for the flood protection measures. In order to be able to estimate the occurred losses, the own method has been developed by the members of the research team. This method consists of the specification of the territorial property valuation and the evaluation of the damage on the territorial property caused by floods. The basic quality of the Territorial Property Index is that it respects the generally defined structure of the real estate property in the given area. The Territorial Property Index is then calculated for the individual area categories. While evaluating the damage, first the measure of the damages of the property representatives depending on the hydrological situation defined in advance must be investigated. The damages are then estimated based on three defined primary parameters.  

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Lauritzen, Peter H., Eigil Kaas, and Bennert Machenhauer. "A Mass-Conservative Semi-Implicit Semi-Lagrangian Limited-Area Shallow-Water Model on the Sphere." Monthly Weather Review 134, no. 4 (April 1, 2006): 1205–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr3115.1.

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Abstract A locally mass conservative shallow-water model using a two-time-level, semi-implicit, semi-Lagrangian integration scheme is presented. The momentum equations are solved with the traditional semi-Lagrangian gridpoint form. The explicit continuity equation is solved using a cell-integrated semi-Lagrangian scheme, and the semi-implicit part is designed such that the resulting elliptic equation is on the same form as for the traditional semi-Lagrangian gridpoint system. The accuracy of the model is assessed by running standard test cases adapted to a limited-area domain. The accuracy and efficiency of the new model is comparable to traditional semi-Lagrangian methods.

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Crowe, Kevin, John Nelson, and Mark Boyland. "Solving the area-restricted harvest-scheduling model using the branch and bound algorithm." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 33, no. 9 (September 1, 2003): 1804–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x03-101.

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There are two broad approaches to the discrete optimization problem of harvest scheduling with adjacency constraints: the unit-restricted model and the area-restricted model. In this paper two formulations of the area-restricted model are solved using the branch and bound algorithm. These formulations are tested on a set of approximately 30 tactical planning problems that range in size from 346 to 6093 polygons scheduled over three time periods. Our results show that these formulations can be used to solve small- and medium-sized harvest-scheduling problems optimally, or near-optimally, within reasonable periods of computing time. Solution quality and computing time were found to be sensitive to the initial age-class distribution of the forest and the mean polygon size relative to the maximum opening size. In addition, computation of the opening size constraints was found to be very sensitive to the maximum number of polygons in an opening constraint.

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Armstrong, Barbara E., and Carol Novillis Larson. "Students' Use of Part-Whole and Direct Comparison Strategies for Comparing Partitioned Rectangles." Journal for Research in Mathematics Education 26, no. 1 (January 1995): 2–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/jresematheduc.26.1.0002.

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Thirty-six students, twelve each at the fourth-, sixth-, and eighth-grade levels, were asked to solve 21 comparison-of-area tasks during a clinical interview. The areas were partitioned and shaded so that the tasks could be solved by using rational number knowledge. The types of strategies students used to compare the areas were identified and classified into categories. Initially, fractional terms and symbols were not introduced into the tasks in order to compare the types of strategies students used without and with symbols introduced. Most students tended to ignore the part-whole relationships inherent in the tasks and used a Direct Comparison strategy when they compared the areas. The use of a Part-Whole strategy increased with the introduction of fractional terms and symbols, especially at the eighth-grade level.

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Guo, Qiang, Kai He, Hengyuan Xu, and Youyi Wen. "The research on precise forming technology of “λ” type composite skin." Composites and Advanced Materials 30 (January 1, 2021): 263498332199474. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2634983321994749.

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With the application of “ λ” type composite skin becoming more and more extensive and diversified, its precise forming technology is also widely concerned. This article mainly solves the quality problems of “ λ” type corner area, such as delamination dispersion and surface wrinkle, which exist in reality commonly in the manufacturing process. The prepreg is heated along the corner area of the tooling to solve the problem that prepreg is difficult to be compacted due to the large modulus of carbon fiber in “ λ” type corner area. Furthermore, two precompaction tests are creatively increased at 16 layers (middle layer) and 32 layers (last layer) for the thick structure, respectively, to ensure the compaction effect of the blank. In addition, combined with the characteristics of highly elastic rubber and carbon fiber-reinforced materials, a new type of soft mold structure with proper flexibility and good stiffness is proposed innovatively through the reasonable placement of carbon fiber-reinforced materials and the setting of exhaust holes according to the structure characteristics of “ λ” type root skin. Through further process verification, it is shown that the improved process has effectively solved the problems of wrinkles and internal delamination at the sharp corners of parts and realized zero-defect manufacturing of “ λ” type root skin for the first time.

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Oladejo, K. A., D. A. Adetan, and O. A. Bamiro. "A Software Tool for Determining Steady-State Temperature Distributions in a Square Domain by the Finite-Difference Method." International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education 35, no. 4 (October 2007): 305–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/ijmee.35.4.5.

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This paper presents the development of an interactive program (called SSTDD) to solve two-dimensional conduction heat transfer equations in a square domain using the finite-difference method. The development of the tool (based on a computer-aided design package), on a Visual BASIC 6.0 platform, involved the application of the heat transfer equations and the appropriate boundary conditions to a square domain. The finite-difference method was used to express the elliptic differential equation in a form suitable for numerical solution. The system of linear equations generated was solved by the Gauss–Seidel iterative technique. The SSTDD model was tested by using problems solved by conventional analytical techniques. The results generated by the model and the analytical method were in good agreement. Hence the model can be used to solve practical engineering problems, with good accuracy, and also as a demonstration tool to students in the area of design and heat transfer of mechanical engineering.

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Wu, Peng Cheng, Fang Chen Xia, and Hai Ning Tu. "The Free-Form Surface Five-Axis Machining Global Interference Detection and Adjustment of Cutter Shaft." Advanced Materials Research 393-395 (November 2011): 1550–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.393-395.1550.

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Proposed a construction method of visual cone, to solve the surface 5-axis NC machining tool interference problems with the surface. At any point on the surface structure the visual cone area, according to visual cone determine whether the global tool interference with surface, and correct the tool spindle of interference cutter, solved the global surface and tool interference problems successfully. The application shows, this method is of high efficiency, high precision.

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Liu, Jichun, Yangfang Yang, Yue Xiang, and Junyong Liu. "A Power Exchange Strategy for Multiple Areas with Hydro Power and Flexible Loads." Energies 12, no. 6 (March 25, 2019): 1160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12061160.

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Areas with hydro power may purchase extra power from the outside power market during dry seasons, which will cause a deviation between the actual and expected power purchase amount due to the inaccurate judgment of the market situation. Because of the uncertainty of price fluctuations, the risk of purchasing power in the real-time market to eliminate this deviation is very high. This paper proposes an innovative trade mode, where the power exchange strategy between multiple areas is adopted through forming an alliance, i.e., one area can use the controllable elements within others, and constructing a monthly and post day-ahead two phase optimization model. The objective function of the monthly stochastic robust optimization considers the power purchase cost to determine the controllable elements dispatch dates for every area in the alliance. Thus, areas can make reasonable dispatch schedules for controllable elements to avoid the resource waste that means more controllable elements are prepared before post day-ahead optimization but less are used after post day-ahead optimization. While the post day-ahead optimization model determines the internal controllable elements dispatch and power exchange amount after the day-ahead market clearing process, users’ satisfaction and dispatch schedule changes for energy storage device are also considered. In order to solve the proposed two phase model, the dual principle and linearization methods are used to convert them into mixed-integer linear programming problems that can be effectively solved by the Cplex solver. The study case verifies the power deviation cost decreases with the power exchange strategy and the important role of energy storage devices.

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Okubo, Aya, and Yoshie Mori. "Analysis of Maternal Health Examination and Issues to be Solved in a Rural Area of Bangladesh." Kitakanto Medical Journal 56, no. 3 (2006): 213–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2974/kmj.56.213.

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Song, Yu Bo. "Study of Location Optimization Scheduling with Multiple Storage Tasks at Container Storage Area of Airport Freight Station." Applied Mechanics and Materials 220-223 (November 2012): 132–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.220-223.132.

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In this paper, we made a deep analysis on the operational conditions and the process of double plate of ETV at the packaging zone of airport freight station, and considered double plate factor in the freight lot allocation problem of multi Unit Load Device (ULD) storage tasks. The freight lot allocation problem of multi ULD at the packaging zone was translated into a multi-objective optimization problem with constraints and a mathematical model was set up. Niche technique was introduced into genetic algorithm, and storage location was constructed to optimize genetic algorithm. The model was solved by genetic algorithm combined with. The experimental data obtained by the simulation of MATLAB showed that, the given genetic algorithm can solve the optimal Pareto solution aggregate of the ULD region’s freight lot allocation problem.

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Sharma, Manisha, and Manjaree Pandit. "Reserve Constrained Multi-Area Economic Dispatch Employing Evolutionary Approach." International Journal of Applied Evolutionary Computation 1, no. 3 (July 2010): 49–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jaec.2010070103.

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The objective of Multi-area economic dispatch (MAED) is to determine the generation levels and the interchange power between areas that minimize fuel costs, while satisfying power balance and generating limit and transmission constraints. If an area with excess power is not adjacent to a power deficient area, or the tie-line between the two areas is at transmission limit, it is necessary to find an alternative path between these two areas to transmit additional power. When a MAED problem is solved with spinning reserve constraints, the problem becomes further complicated. The power allocation to each unit is done in such a manner that after supplying the total load, some specified reserve is left behind. In this paper, the authors compare classic PSO and DE strategies and their variants for reserve constrained MAED. The superior constraint handling capability of these techniques enables them to produce high quality solutions. The performance is tested on a 2-area system having 4 generating units and a 4-area, 16-unit system.

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Aina, Jacob Kola. "Physics learning and the application of multiple intelligences." Revista Brasileira de Gestão Ambiental e Sustentabilidade 5, no. 9 (2018): 381–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21438/rbgas.050926.

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The article looked at the learning problems in two different perspectives which are field area and sexism. Many studies indicate that the challenges to the students’ academic performance globally in Physics are related to these two areas. Though, several solutions had been proffered to solve the problem with little improvement. Given this, the paper criticized many Physics teachers inability to see Physics classes as being of multiple intelligences. The author of the script, therefore, identified eight types of intelligence from Howard Gardner’s Frame of Minds. The script believed that Physics learning problems could be solved if teachers apply five of the intelligence to the teaching and learning of Physics in schools. The paper has some implications for the teaching and learning of Physics at all levels.

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Le, Anh Vu, Rizuwana Parween, Rajesh Elara Mohan, Nguyen Huu Khanh Nhan, and Raihan Enjikalayil Abdulkader. "Optimization Complete Area Coverage by Reconfigurable hTrihex Tiling Robot." Sensors 20, no. 11 (June 3, 2020): 3170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20113170.

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Completed area coverage planning (CACP) plays an essential role in various fields of robotics, such as area exploration, search, rescue, security, cleaning, and maintenance. Tiling robots with the ability to change their shape is a feasible solution to enhance the ability to cover predefined map areas with flexible sizes and to access the narrow space constraints. By dividing the map into sub-areas with the same size as the changeable robot shapes, the robot can plan the optimal movement to predetermined locations, transform its morphologies to cover the specific area, and ensure that the map is completely covered. The optimal navigation planning problem, including the least changing shape, shortest travel distance, and the lowest travel time while ensuring complete coverage of the map area, are solved in this paper. To this end, we propose the CACP framework for a tiling robot called hTrihex with three honeycomb shape modules. The robot can shift its shape into three different morphologies ensuring coverage of the map with a predetermined size. However, the ability to change shape also raises the complexity issues of the moving mechanisms. Therefore, the process of optimizing trajectories of the complete coverage is modeled according to the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) problem and solved by evolutionary approaches Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Ant Colony Optimization (ACO). Hence, the costweight to clear a pair of waypoints in the TSP is defined as the required energy shift the robot between the two locations. This energy corresponds to the three operating processes of the hTrihex robot: transformation, translation, and orientation correction. The CACP framework is verified both in the simulation environment and in the real environment. From the experimental results, proposed CACP capable of generating the Pareto-optimal outcome that navigates the robot from the goal to destination in various workspaces, and the algorithm could be adopted to other tiling robot platforms with multiple configurations.

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Sharan, A. M., J. Jain, and P. Kalra. "Efficient Methods for Solving Dynamic Problems of Flexible Manipulators." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 114, no. 1 (March 1, 1992): 78–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2896510.

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In this work, efficient methods for solving dynamic problems in the robotics area are discussed. The nonlinear dynamic equations are derived and their linearization is verified. The unconstrained dynamic problems for a flexible arm robot are solved by four efficient numerical techniques. The constrained problems are solved by Revised Simplex Method and the Karmarkar’s Algorithm.

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Xiao, Zheng-Zhi, Hai-Lin Liu, Zheng-Liang Li, Deng-Ke Yu, and Ying-Gang Li. "Research on Wind-Induced Reliability of Double Column Suspended Guyed Tower in Strong Wind Area." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 16, no. 01 (January 2016): 1640011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455416400113.

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The ultra-high voltage transmission line is long, which needs to pass through the various complex terrains. In order to ensure the safe structural system, understanding and grasping the wind-induced response and reliability of double column suspended guyed tower (DCSGT) in strong wind area of Gobi Desert are basic requirements. Through combining the conditional probability density of wind speed and frequency function of wind direction, the successive-type joint distribution model of wind speed and direction is obtained by multiplication theorem. In accordance with the principle of equivalent extreme value event, through utilizing the statistical moment point estimation method, the first four-order statistical moment information of equivalent extreme value variables is solved. The probability density function (PDF) of DCSGT response is calculated in accordance with these statistical moments. The dynamic reliability index and failure probability of DCSGT are solved by the moment method.

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최영만. "A Study on a Problem of Territorial Rights Regarding Gando Area and How It could be Solved." Institute for Humanities and Social Sciences 12, no. 1 (April 2011): 243–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15818/ihss.2011.12.1.243.

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OHARA, Kotaro. "The Roles of Farmers’Market for the Vitalization of Rural Area and Problem to be Solved." Journal of Rural Studies 18, no. 2 (2012): 24–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.9747/jars.18.2_24.

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McCarthy, P. J., M. Crampin, and W. Stephenson. "Graphs in the plane invariant under an area preserving linear map and general continuous solutions of certain quadratic functional equations." Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 97, no. 2 (March 1985): 261–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305004100062812.

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AbstractThe requirement that the graph of a function be invariant under a linear map is equivalent to a functional equation of f. For area preserving maps M(det (M) = 1), the functional equation is equivalent to an (easily solved) linear one, or to a quadratic one of the formfor all Here 2C = Trace (M). It is shown that (Q) admits continuous solutions ⇔ M has real eigenvalues ⇔ (Q) has linear solutions f(x) = λx ⇔ |C| ≥ 1. For |c| = 1 or C < – 1, (Q) only admits a few simple solutions. For C > 1, (Q) admits a rich supply of continuous solutions. These are parametrised by an arbitrary function, and described in the sense that a construction is given for the graphs of the functions which solve (Q).

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Makhonin, I. O. "AREA OF INITIAL POSITIONS OF A UAV (UNMANNED AERIAL APPARATUS) IN THREEDIMENSIONAL SPACE." Issues of radio electronics, no. 7 (July 20, 2018): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21778/2218-5453-2018-7-24-29.

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When landing an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) on a ship, it is required to perform the specified boundary values of the state vector at the moment of approach to the hook equipment. The article considers the solution of the problem of calculating the points of the area of initial positions of UAV. It is mean, that each point provide hitting for the UAV to a predetermined aiming area at a given time in the vicinity of the hitch. In this case, the phase coordinates of the UAV at the time of approach to the hook device have to defined. To calculate the points located on the boundary of the area of initial positions, auxiliary problems of optimal program control have been solved. To solve it, the necessary conditions for the maximum principle of L. S. Pontryagin were used. The article considers the algorithm of the computational solution of the auxiliary problem of optimal program control and the results of calculating points thats located at the far boundary of the area of initial positions, that is mean, that points located at the maximum distance from the aiming point (the location of the hook device).

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Hui, Guo. "Management of Water Quality Information in Mining Subsidence Waterlogged Area." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 3702–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.3702.

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Based of the technology of CAD VBA and Access database, the program of water quality monitoring information management in mining subsidence area is developed; it mainly includes functions of attribute query, attribute edition, visualization of water monitoring point. The table structure in monitoring point attribute database is designed, and problem of dynamic linkage between drawing data and attribute data is solved. The key code about them is given in the paper. The program can provide some decision support for reasonable use of water resources and environment protection in the mine area, and will promote the more scientific and sustainable development of mine area.

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Sorokin, S. А., and O. Yu Sysoev. "ABOUT FANOUTS PLACEMENT IN BGA COMPONENT AREA." Issues of radio electronics, no. 5 (June 8, 2019): 134–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21778/2218-5453-2019-5-134-138.

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During the routing in the BGA area, two related problems need to be solved: the first one is the arrangement of the two‑ports under the BGA component in such a way that the maximum number of vias (through) can be accommodated, the second is the placement of vias and the assignment of vias to each BGA contact (or group of equipotential contacts). The approach to solving the first problem was previously proposed by the authors. The second problem was considered in the literature as applied to irregular BGA components, but the proposed method needs clarification in terms of using information on the arrangement of equipotential contacts and the assignment of vias to them. The proposed approach does not guarantee the optimal solution, because along with precise algorithms (for matching problem and assignments) it uses a number of heuristics, however it allows to automate the process of arranging the fanouts and, therefore, significantly reduce the complexity of the routing.

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Zyryanov, Sergey Mikhailovich, and Anastasia Valentinovna Kalmykova. "Regulation – the area of inter-branch knowledge application." SHS Web of Conferences 118 (2021): 01010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202111801010.

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The purpose of the study is to justify the feasibility of using regulatory policy and sectoral scientific tools in the daily activities of regulatory bodies. The study used a wide range of sources containing empirical data reflecting modern theoretical concepts of regulation. The authors used general scientific and special methods of cognition, methods of analysis and synthesis, formal logic, comparative jurisprudence, and interpretation of law. The result of the study was an overview of the points of view of modern scientists on regulation problems and the use of an intersectoral approach. In addition, the article provides a rationale for the need to use an intersectoral approach in regulation; the possibilities of attracting psychologists and criminologists, historians and political scientists have been identified. The novelty of the results obtained is due to the author’s approach to the study of the activities of regulatory bodies and lies in the fact that it has shown that in modern conditions, regulation takes on the character of scientific activity that requires broad knowledge. Currently, in the world practice, there are no examples of the inclusion of criminologists, political scientists, historians, sociologists, and ecologists in the staff structure of regulatory bodies as experts on a wide range of issues that managers have to solve when developing regulatory policy, choosing models, and developing regulatory strategies. Nowadays, all these issues are solved by the heads of regulatory bodies mostly intuitively, guided by their life experience and ideas about what should be done or subjective assessments, which does not contribute to the successful achievement of regulatory goals. Continuation of research on this topic will contribute to the development of theoretical ideas about the activities of regulatory bodies and the development of practical proposals aimed at increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of regulation.

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Daun, K. J., and K. G. T. Hollands. "Infinitesimal-Area Radiative Analysis Using Parametric Surface Representation, Through NURBS." Journal of Heat Transfer 123, no. 2 (October 3, 2000): 249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1351168.

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The use of form factors in the treatment of radiant enclosures requires the radiosity be approximated as uniform over finite areas, and so when higher accuracy is required, an infinitesimal-area analysis should be applied. This paper describes a generic infinitesimal-area formulation suited in principle for any enclosure containing a transparent medium. The surfaces are first represented parametrically, through “non-uniform rational B-spline” (NURBS) functions, the industry standard in CAD-CAM codes. The kernel of the integral equation is obtained without user intervention, using NURBS algorithms, and then the integral equation is solved numerically. The resulting general-purpose code, which proceeds directly from surface specification to solution, is tested on problems taken from the literature.

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Yu, Fu-rong, Bai-zhong Yan, Ji-hong Qu, Zhi-ping Li, Zhi-peng Gao, Yong-hui Meng, and Jia-yue Chen. "The dynamic programming management model of groundwater with covariates: a case study for the Songyuan area, Jilin Province, China." Water Supply 17, no. 5 (February 28, 2017): 1260–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2017.013.

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This research analysed the action and characteristics of the relationship between mutual-feed joint-variations of groundwater. On this basis, a theory and method for constructing a dynamic programming management model for groundwater with covariates was proposed which used the state transition equation method. The model was solved using the differential dynamic programming (DDP) method. Thereafter, the groundwater system of the Songyuan area in western Jilin Province was treated as an area of interest to study the major problem of the relationships governing mutual-feed joint-variation. Based on the numerical simulation model, the research paid more attention to Qianguo County and Fuyu County and established a dynamic programming management model of the groundwater with covariates for these areas. Then the optimised amount of pumping, the groundwater level, and the covariates were solved simultaneously. To sum up, this research enriched the theory and method for dealing with mutual-feed joint-variations in the groundwater management model. Thereby, it established a theoretical foundation and provided technical support for the solution of various practical problems.

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Zharikov, Mikhail V. "Parallel Currency Regimes in the Area of Financial Integration." World of Economics and Management 19, no. 4 (2019): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2542-0429-2019-19-4-5-13.

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The study presented in the article seems rather relevant due to the fact that the problem of indebtedness in the eurozone members has not been solved yet, and these countries still continue to accumulate debts. Therefore, the eurozone members are expected to find effective ways to restore competitiveness after the crisis of 2009‒2012 without exiting the single currency agreement. The research is aimed at encompassing the relations which come into being as a result of credit use, money circulation, and money transfer payments. Consideration of these issues seems very important since it can help restore the loss of monetary independence. The subject of the article is the ways to denominate debt securities in the currency units under the control of the national governments and the central bank. The main purpose of the paper is to develop the approaches to parallel circulation of a single currency unit which can be devalued to solve the debt problems. The practical significance of the article lies in the possibility to use the European experience in solving the problems of common currency circulation in the process of Eurasian currency and financial integration. In terms of economic theory, the results and general outcomes of the work are important for the development of a concept to rationalize monetary policy and money circulation. In conclusion, the article proposes a parallel currency circulation regime which allows a member country of the currency agreement to stay in the common currency area and retain some functions of the monetary policy which were sacrificed due to the creation and operation of the common central bank.

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Hrusecka, Denisa. "Fuzzy set theory-based model for identifying the potential of improving process KPIs in production logistics area." New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Humanities and Social Sciences 4, no. 10 (January 13, 2018): 327–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/prosoc.v4i10.3098.

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The high complexity of today’s manufacturing environment brings many problems with planning and managing, especially production, logistic and other key business processes. In many cases, it is quite complicating to identify the real causes of problems that enterprises face or to decide which one of them should be solved first. Especially, in the case of large enterprises, it is complicating to access expertise among all departments and employed professionals in order to solve the problems most efficiently. Our fuzzy model provides a simple tool for easy identification of the most significant problems of observed processes that cause their low performance according to the measured values of their key performance indicators. The model is based on data gained through interviews with production managers, industry experts and other professionals, and verified by real data from a model company. The results are presented in the form of case studies in this contribution. Keywords: Production logistics, key performance indicators, KPI, productivity, problem identification, fuzzy set theory, process.

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Li, Jin Ping, Xiu Zhen Li, Na Wang, and Jing Yi Han. "Research on the Application of Straw Bale Houses in Northwest Rural Area." Advanced Materials Research 1073-1076 (December 2014): 1275–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1073-1076.1275.

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Energy-efficient problems for houses need to be solved, with poorly insulated housing used in northwest rural area of China requiring large amounts of energy for house warming. The application of straw bale houses in domestic and overseas indicates straw bale houses’ benefits. This article compares straw bale houses with traditional structures and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of straw bale houses, also points out the feasibility and prospects of the utilization of straw bale houses in northwest rural area.

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Miyashita, T. "Theoretical Verification of Wagner`s Equation Considering Polarization Voltage Losses in SOFCs." Open Materials Science Journal 4, no. 1 (April 14, 2010): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874088x010040100103.

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The necessity for experimental verification of leakage currents using Sm-doped ceria electrolytes (SDC) in solid-oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) has been indicated. This paper describes the theoretical limitations of Wagner's equation and details the analytical work that has been performed to support the experimental results. These limitations cannot be solved, even considering polarization voltage losses. Globally, there are several research groups working on SOFCs to solve the current-voltage relation with mixed ionic electronic solid conductors (MIECs). However, this problem must be solved considering the electric field (E) in MIECs. Thus, even though articles have already been published in similar areas, no approach has been taken within this body of work that considers the E in MIECs. In this report, a new calculation method considering E is expressed only from Wagner's equation, with continuity expressed using the Choudhury and Patterson style. The calculated results match the values from conventional models. The constant field approximation is verified using the conventional definition of E. However, the definition of E should be changed when there is a large voltage drop in the thin area of the electrolyte compared with the lattice constant. In this study, the electric field near the cathode is sufficiently large to cause dielectric breakdown, which has never been reported.

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Kumar, Sanjay, Vineet Kumar, Nitish Katal, Sanjay Kumar Singh, Sumit Sharma, and Pushpendra Singh. "Multiarea Economic Dispatch Using Evolutionary Algorithms." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (August 31, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3577087.

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Multiarea economic dispatch (MAED) is a vital problem in the present power system to allocate the power generation through dispatch strategies to minimize fuel cost. In economic dispatch, this power generation distribution always needs to satisfy the following constraints: generating limit, transmission line, and power balance. MAED is a complex and nonlinear problem and cannot be solved with classical techniques. Many metaheuristic methods have been used to solve economic dispatch problems. In this study, the dynamic particle swarm optimization (DPSO) and grey wolf optimizer (GWO) have been used to solve the MAED problem for single-area 3 generation units, a two-area system with four generating units, and four areas with 40-unit system. The hunting and social behaviors of grey wolves are implemented to obtain optimal results. During the optimization search, this algorithm does not require any information regarding the objective function’s gradient. The tunable parameters of the original PSO that are three parameters are dynamically controlled in this work that provides the efficient cost values in less execution time although satisfying all the MAED problem’s diverse constraints. In this study, the authors also implemented the GWO algorithm with two tunable parameters, and its execution is straightforward to implement for the MAED problem.

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Bulkin, Vladislav, and Marina Kalinichenko. "NOISE-ABSORBING ACOUSTIC SCREEN BASED ON A HELMHOLTZ RESONATOR." VOLUME 39, VOLUME 39 (2021): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.36336/akustika202139272.

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The paper aims at studying the noise protection potential of an acoustic screen based on a Helmholtz resonator to solve the problem of noise reduction level in the area in front of the screen. For experimental analysis, a modular acoustic screen has been made. Replaceable modules are made on the basis of a wooden frame with stiffening ribs, one side of the module is blind, another has slotted holes, which ensures the formation of noise absorbers on a Helmholtz resonator principle. Changing the position of the modules in the support racks provides the ability to change the screen reflexive surface nature. The main problem solved in this work is to experimentally determine the decrease magnitude in the sound pressure level in the area in front of the screen. The results of sound pressure level measurements at various frequencies are provided, the comparison of the reflected noise obtained values with the results obtained in the sound pressure level analysis in the case of a solid screen is given. The coincidence of the calculated values of the active sound absorption frequencies with the measured values is shown. It is concluded that there is a possibility to solve the nose reduction level problem when using such screens in areas where people can be.

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Dempsey, J. P., and Hui Li. "A Flexible Rectangular Plate on an Elastic Layer: Large Area Contact." Journal of Tribology 111, no. 3 (July 1, 1989): 518–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3261960.

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The unbonded frictionless receding contact problem of a symmetrically loaded thin rectangular plate resting on an elastic layer is solved in this paper. The contact is assumed to be tensionless. The problem is transformed into the solution of three coupled two-dimensional singular integral equations. The possible contact pressure singularities along the plate edges and at the corners are treated using adaptive discretization. The contact regions are found iteratively since the problem is nonlinear. Contact regions and numerical values of displacements and contact pressures are presented to illustrate the influences of uplift, layer depth, aspect ratio, stiffness ratio, Poisson’s ratio, and other quantities.

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Han, Yun-Xiang. "Modeling and optimization of the terminal control area with holding unit." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 2, 2021): e0241204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241204.

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Aiming at the problem of resource allocation for departure flights at congested airports, this research explores the optimal configuration of holding units in the terminal control area (TCA). Similar to the job-shop scheduling problem, this problem is solved through a max-plus model with additional constraints. In particular, two optimization models are constructed, in which air segments, departure fixes and holding units are explicitly modeled. Based on the realistic airspace network selected, the proposed models are tested using actual flight data. The experimental results show that the models proposed have better qualities compared with the other methods.

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Knight, Frank B. "The moments of the area under reflected Brownian bridge conditional on its local time at zero." Journal of Applied Mathematics and Stochastic Analysis 13, no. 2 (January 1, 2000): 99–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1048953300000137.

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This paper develops a recursion formula for the conditional moments of the area under the absolute value of Brownian bridge given the local time at 0. The method of power series leads to a Hermite equation for the generating function of the coefficients which is solved in terms of the parabolic cylinder functions. By integrating out the local time variable, this leads to an integral expression for the joint moments of the areas under the positive and negative parts of the Brownian bridge.

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46

Ja¨ger, J. "A New Principle in Contact Mechanics." Journal of Tribology 120, no. 4 (October 1, 1998): 677–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2833765.

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Two nonrotating elastic half-planes in quasi-static contact without coupling of the normal and tangential surface stresses are analyzed in this paper. It is proved that the tangential traction under constant normal forces and increasing tangential forces is equal to the difference between the actual normal pressure and the pressure for a smaller contact area, multiplied by the coefficient of friction. Every stick area corresponds to a contact area (or a configuration of multiple contact areas) that is smaller than the present contact area. In the same way as the contact area develops with increasing pressure, the stick area recedes with increasing tangential traction. General loading scenarios are solved by superposition of oblique increments under constant angles. As an example, this principle is applied to a rigid surface of the form Akxk, in contact on 0 ≤ x ≤ a and with a corner at x = 0, indenting an elastic half-plane.

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Nasution, Achmad Delianur, and Rochmad Siddhiqie. "Bus Terminal Design in Transit Oriented Development Area (TOD) in Pinang Baris." International Journal of Architecture and Urbanism 2, no. 2 (August 20, 2018): 168–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/ijau.v2i2.402.

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According to the development plan of MEBIDANG-RO, Pinang Baris has been stated as TOD Area. Bus Terminal will be the transit center within the area and have direct integration to buildings surround it. Issues that appeared solved with utilizing the land that will be allocated as circulation area to prevent crossing circulation between transportation and passengers, contemporary architecture theme will be applied, and the building shape will be following the circulation plan that has made before, Therefore, the design of Pinang Baris Bus Terminal would fulfill the needs of users in TOD Pinang Baris.

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Arias-Osorio, Javier, Ruben Darío Ríos-Mercado, and Ingrid Dayanna Tamayo-Morantes. "A model for collection of Waste Electrical and Electronical Equipment in Metropolitan Area of Bucaramanga." Revista Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad de Antioquia, no. 96 (February 21, 2020): 110–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.redin.20191259.

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In this paper, a model for the collection of waste electrical and electronic equipment is designed based on a problem of location and vehicle routing. Two main phases are carried out: The localization phase, in which the WEEE collection points are defined from a series of potential points, involving the novelty about the assignment of different types of devices to each of those points. And, the routing phase in which the collection routes are designed to minimize the associated costs. A case study is analyzed for the collection of WEEE in communes 6, 7 and 8 of Bucaramanga. For the localization phase, a mixed integer linear programming model is developed, which is solved with the GAMS software. The capacitated vehicle routing problem CVRP is addressed with the objective of minimizing the costs associated with the distance traveled by the vehicle for each of the assigned collection points, and a GRASP metaheuristic with local search operators is proposed as a solution technique to solve this second phase. The algorithm was programmed in MATLAB Software and validated with instances of the literature, showing good results for the defined case study.

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Scha¨fer, Mike, and Thomas Lengauer. "Automated Layout Generation and Wiring Area Estimation for 3D Electronic Modules." Journal of Mechanical Design 123, no. 3 (May 1, 1999): 330–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1371478.

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This paper presents an integrated approach to the layout generation of 3D rectagonal objects and wiring area estimation. Problems of this type are encountered in various component layout tasks such as the space-efficient placement of electronic components in automobiles. The goal is to achieve high packing densities and fitting of objects in predefined design spaces while satisfying spatial constraints. The layout problem is formulated as mixed integer linear program and can be solved either by a branch&bound procedure or heuristically. The wiring area estimation is integrated in the problem formulation on the basis of a number of explicit wiring variants for each cable.

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Zheng, Xi Gui, Qin Jian Zhan, and Bin Wang. "Study on Surrounding Rock Pre-Stressed Crossed Anchor Control Technology in Roadway with Large Mining Depth." Advanced Materials Research 524-527 (May 2012): 471–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.524-527.471.

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Based on the deep soft rock creep mechanism, according to the physical characteristics of bauxitic mudstone in ingate at the level of -1015 m of Kong Zhuang colliery, we solved the technical difficult problem of choosing anchor points of soft rock supporting roadway in ingate. Using high strength and low relaxation steel strand to reinforce by crossed anchor, in combination with the depth hole grouting technology, improve pressure-bearing capacity of wall rock in the ingate, safe passage and drainage pipe area. We analyze the stress distribution characteristics of rock mass, contrasting on the stress distribution at the end of partially grouted bolt and the rock mass. Practice shows that crossed anchor rock mass has triaxial compression over all, the bunch body has a single structure, and it is easily to be analyzed. We not only control the roof settling in the area of ingate is, but also solve the floor heave problem in safe passage and drainage pipe area.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Area solved'

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