Relevant bibliographies by topics / Arctotherium

Academic literature on the topic 'Arctotherium'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Arctotherium"

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Mitchell, Kieren J., Sarah C. Bray, Pere Bover, Leopoldo Soibelzon, Blaine W. Schubert, Francisco Prevosti, Alfredo Prieto, Fabiana Martin, Jeremy J. Austin, and Alan Cooper. "Ancient mitochondrial DNA reveals convergent evolution of giant short-faced bears (Tremarctinae) in North and South America." Biology Letters 12, no. 4 (April 2016): 20160062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2016.0062.

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The Tremarctinae are a subfamily of bears endemic to the New World, including two of the largest terrestrial mammalian carnivores that have ever lived: the giant, short-faced bears Arctodus simus from North America and Arctotherium angustidens from South America (greater than or equal to 1000 kg). Arctotherium angustidens became extinct during the Early Pleistocene, whereas Arctodus simus went extinct at the very end of the Pleistocene. The only living tremarctine is the spectacled bear ( Tremarctos ornatus ), a largely herbivorous bear that is today only found in South America. The relationships among the spectacled bears ( Tremarctos ), South American short-faced bears ( Arctotherium ) and North American short-faced bears ( Arctodus ) remain uncertain. In this study, we sequenced a mitochondrial genome from an Arctotherium femur preserved in a Chilean cave. Our molecular phylogenetic analyses revealed that the South American short-faced bears were more closely related to the extant South American spectacled bear than to the North American short-faced bears. This result suggests striking convergent evolution of giant forms in the two groups of short-faced bears ( Arctodus and Arctotherium ), potentially as an adaptation to dominate competition for megafaunal carcasses.
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Soibelzon, Leopoldo H., and Blaine W. Schubert. "The largest known bear, Arctotherium angustidens, from the early Pleistocene Pampean region of Argentina: with a discussion of size and diet trends in bears." Journal of Paleontology 85, no. 1 (January 2011): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/10-037.1.

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The South American giant short-faced bear (Arctotherium angustidens Gervais and Ameghino, 1880) is one of five described Arctotherium species endemic to South America and it is known for being the earliest, largest, and most carnivorous member of the genus. Here we report an extraordinarily large A. angustidens individual exhumed from Ensenadan sediments (early to middle Pleistocene) at Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. Based on overall size, degree of epiphyseal fusion, and pathologies, this bear was an old-aged male that sustained serious injuries during life. Body mass of the bear is estimated and compared to other ursid species based on a series of allometric equations. To our knowledge, this specimen now represents the largest bear ever recorded. In light of this discovery, we discuss the evolution of body size in Arctotherium (from large-to-small) and compare this to bears that exhibited different evolutionary trajectories. We suggest that the larger size and more carnivorous nature of A. angustidens, compared to later members of the genus, may reflect the relative lack of other large carnivores and abundance of herbivores in South America just after the Great American Biotic Interchange.
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Soibelzon, Leopoldo H., Lucas H. Pomi, Eduardo P. Tonni, Sergio Rodriguez, and Alejandro Dondas. "First report of a South American short-faced bears' den (Arctotherium angustidens): palaeobiological and palaeoecological implications." Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology 33, no. 3 (September 2009): 211–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03115510902844418.

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RODRIGUES, SHIRLLEY, LEONARDO S. AVILLA, LEOPOLDO H. SOIBELZON, and CAMILA BERNARDES. "Late Pleistocene carnivores (Carnivora: Mammalia) from a cave sedimentary deposit in northern Brazil." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 86, no. 4 (December 2014): 1641–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201420140314.

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The Brazilian Quaternary terrestrial Carnivora are represented by the following families: Canidae, Felidae, Ursidae, Procyonidae Mephitidae and Mustelidae. Their recent evolutionary history in South America is associated with the uplift of the Panamanian Isthmus, and which enabled the Great American Biotic Interchange (GABI). Here we present new fossil records of Carnivora found in a cave in Aurora do Tocantins, Tocantins, northern Brazil. A stratigraphical controlled collection in the sedimentary deposit of the studied cave revealed a fossiliferous level where the following Carnivora taxa were present: Panthera onca, Leopardus sp., Galictis cuja, Procyon cancrivorus, Nasua nasua and Arctotherium wingei. Dating by Electron Spinning Resonance indicates that this assemblage was deposited during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), at least, 22.000 YBP. The weasel, G. cuja, is currently reported much further south than the record presented here. This may suggest that the environment around the cave was relatively drier during the LGM, with more open vegetation, and more moderate temperatures than the current Brazilian Cerrado.
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Manzuetti, Aldo, Washington Jones, Martín Ubilla, and Daniel Perea. "Nuevo registro de Puma concolor Linnaeus, 1771 (Carnivora, Felidae) para el Pleistoceno Tardío de Uruguay y su importancia paleoecológica." Andean Geology 49, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.5027/andgeov49n3-3437.

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Felidae entered South America from North America during the Ensenadan Stage/Age (Early to Middle Pleistocene). For Uruguay their fossil record is scarce but informative, although mostly correspond to large felids (Smilodon, Panthera onca). In this work describes fossil remain of a skull and a mandible assigned, based on morphology and statistical analysis, to Puma concolor. These materials were unearthed from Late Pleistocene sediments (Sopas Formation) from northern Uruguay. Based on these remains some paleobiological and paleoecological aspects are discussed. This specimen had a body mass of about 45 kg, with the potential capacity to hunt animals over 200 kg, which is in agreement with previous reports for other fossil puma remains. During Late Pleistocene, in the current territory of Uruguay, Puma concolor would have shared ecological niche with other large carnivore such as sabre-tooth cats (Smilodon populator, S. fatalis), the jaguar Panthera onca, the canid Protocyon troglodytes, and short-faced bears Arctotherium, feeding upon medium-sized animals in diverse environment.
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Arnaudo, Maria Eugenia, Leopoldo Hector Soibelzon, Paula Bona, and Blaine Schubert. "First Description of the Auditory Region of a Tremarctinae (Ursidae, Mammalia) Bear: The Case of Arctotherium angustidens." Journal of Mammalian Evolution 21, no. 3 (November 21, 2013): 321–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10914-013-9246-1.

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Soibelzon, Leopoldo H., Gustavo A. Grinspan, Hervé Bocherens, Walter G. Acosta, Washington Jones, Ernesto R. Blanco, and Francisco Prevosti. "South American giant short-faced bear (Arctotherium angustidens) diet: evidence from pathology, morphology, stable isotopes, and biomechanics." Journal of Paleontology 88, no. 6 (November 2014): 1240–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/13-143.

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Arctotherium angustidensGervais and Ameghino, 1880 (the South American giant short-faced bear) is known for being the earliest (Ensenadan Age, early to middle Pleistocene) and largest (body mass over 1 ton) of five describedArctotheriumspecies endemic to South America. Here we assess the diet of this bear from multiple proxies: morphology, biomechanics, dental pathology, stable isotopes and a previous study using geometric morphometric methodology. Results favor the idea of animal matter consumption, probably from large vertebrates in addition to vegetable matter consumption. Most probably, active hunting was not the unique strategy of this bear for feeding, since its large size and great power may have allowed him to fight for the prey hunted by other Pleistocene carnivores. However, scavenging over mega mammal carcasses was probably another frequent way of feeding. South American short-faced bears adjusted their size and modified their diet through Pleistocene times, probably as a response to the diversification of the carnivore guild (from the few precursory taxa that crossed the Panamanian Isthmus during the Great American Biotic Interchange).
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Schubert, Blaine W., James C. Chatters, Joaquin Arroyo-Cabrales, Joshua X. Samuels, Leopoldo H. Soibelzon, Francisco J. Prevosti, Christopher Widga, Alberto Nava, Dominique Rissolo, and Pilar Luna Erreguerena. "Yucatán carnivorans shed light on the Great American Biotic Interchange." Biology Letters 15, no. 5 (May 2019): 20190148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2019.0148.

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The Great American Biotic Interchange is considered to be a punctuated process, primarily occurring during four major pulses that began approximately 2.5 Ma. Central America and southeastern Mexico have a poor fossil record of this dynamic faunal history due to tropical climates. Exploration of submerged caves in the Yucatán, particularly the natural trap Hoyo Negro, is exposing a rich and remarkably well-preserved late Pleistocene fauna. Radiometric dates on megafauna range from approximately 38 400–12 850 cal BP, and extinct species include the ursid Arctotherium wingei and canid Protocyon troglodytes . Both genera were previously thought to be indigenous to and confined to South America and appear to represent an instance of large placental mammals, descended from North American progenitors, migrating back north across the Panama Isthmus. This discovery expands the distribution of these carnivorans greater than 2000 km outside South America. Their presence along with a diverse sloth assemblage suggests a more complex history of these organisms in Middle America. We suggest that landscape and ecological changes caused by latest Pleistocene glaciation supported an interchange pulse that included A. wingei , P. troglodytes and Homo sapiens .
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López Mendoza, P., F. Mena Larraín, and E. Bostelmann. "Presence of Arctotherium (Carnivora, Ursidae, Tremarctinae) in a pre-cultural level of Baño Nuevo-1 cave (Central Patagonia, Chile)." Estudios Geológicos 71, no. 2 (November 19, 2015): e041. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/egeol.42011.357.

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MANZUETTI, Aldo, Washington JONES, Daniel PEREA, Martín UBILLA, Andrés RINDERKNECHT, and Pablo TORIÑO. "The state of knowledge of the jaguar Panthera onca (Linnaeus, 1758) (Carnivora, Felidae) during the Quaternary in Uruguay." Comptes Rendus Palevol, no. 31 (September 8, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a31.

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Felids are the top predators in the environments they inhabit. They entered South America at the Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary, but their fossil record in Uruguay, although informative, is scarce. In the present contribution, three new materials (two hemimandibles and an isolated first lower molar) assigned to Panthera onca (Linnaeus, 1758) are described. This material came from Quaternary sediments (Sopas, Dolores, and Libertad Formations) from several localities in Uruguay. Based on this material, different aspects of the paleobiology and paleoecology of jaguars are discussed. Remains of these felids were previously listed but never described; thus, the material analyzed here is the first fossil records reliably determined for P. onca in Uruguay. These felids would have shared an ecological niche with other large carnivores during the late Pleistocene in Uruguay, such as saber-toothed cats (Smilodon populator Lund, 1842; S. fatalis Leidy, 1868), Puma concolor Linnaeus, 1771, and short face bears Arctotherium Burmeister, 1879; and they would have fed upon medium-sized herbivores, principally in vegetated environments.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Arctotherium"

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Salis, Alexander Theodore. "Investigating faunal responses to climate and environmental change using ancient DNA from ursids." Thesis, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2440/132845.

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The Late Quaternary Period (the past ~1.0 million years) is characterised by cyclical growth and retraction of glaciers and polar ice caps driven by periods of cooler and warmer global temperatures. Ancient DNA has emerged as a key tool for unravelling the impacts of climate and environmental change as it enables detection of population and species level changes that would otherwise be undetectable. Ursids (bears) have shown potential as a model taxon for investigating faunal responses to climate and environmental change during the Late Quaternary, especially brown bears (Ursus arctos), which have an extensive subfossil record, Holarctic distribution, and well-studied mitochondrial phylogeography. My PhD research uses ancient DNA techniques to investigate the evolutionary history of ursids during the Late Quaternary. In Chapters 2 and 5 I use analyses of new mitochondrial genome sequences from 217 ancient brown bears to investigate phylogeographic structure across their Holarctic distribution and refine their mitochondrial phylogeny, revealing striking patterns of migration and population turnover that correlate with drastic changes in the climate and environment during the Pleistocene. In Chapter 2 I also demonstrate that population changes observed in North American brown bears are paralleled by changes in lion populations, suggesting analogous drivers of phylogeographic structure and population dynamics between these two carnivorans. In Chapter 3 I use 31 mitochondrial genomes from the extinct North American giant shortfaced bear, Arctodus simus, to investigate their phylogeography and taxonomy, revealing striking sexual dimorphism and a lack of evidence for previously described subspecies. Finally, in Chapter 4 I use whole genome data from extinct short-faced bears to investigate the evolutionary history of Tremarctinae and find evidence for extensive hybridisation resulting in phylogenetic discordance between the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes. My research demonstrates the usefulness of ancient DNA datasets for understanding the evolutionary history of species and populations. Further, I argue that my data provide added evidence for the suitability of ursids as model taxa for studying Quaternary biogeography, as they appear to have exhibited pronounced responses to past climate and environmental change, have undergone extensive hybridisation among species within the family (including extinct lineages), and comprise species that both survived and went extinct during the Pleistocene-Holocene transition.
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Biological Sciences, 2021
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