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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Arctic Regions'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 August 2024

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1

Stahlhut, Keir D. "Refractivity in the Arctic regions." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/2650.

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The purpose of this study is to quantify patterns or trends of electromagnetic ducting conditions in the Arctic. On average, ducts occurred 5% of the time in the summer months, and 2-3% in the spring, fall, and winter months. This is considered a low approximation due to the vertical resolution of the sounding data. For some local regions, ducts occurred up to 20% of the time, especially in summer months. In general, local areas near coast lines or near the pole over ice/ocean had higher frequency of ducts than local areas over land mass. For summer and fall months, humidity gradients contributed most to the formation of a duct, while temperature gradients contributed to a lesser degree. For spring months, temperature gradients contributed most to the formation of the duct, while humidity gradients contributed to a lesser degree. For winter months, due to the extremely cold surface temperatures and low available humidity, temperature gradients were the dominant contribution to duct formation, and humidity gradients worked against duct formation.

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2

Butler, Joanne Elizabeth. "Phytoplankton ecology in a high arctic polynya." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25080.

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Primary production was studied in Fram Sound, part of the Hell Gate-Cardigan Strait polynya, from June to August, 1982. Primary production rates, phytoplankton biomass (chlorophyll α), and water transparency were measured and used in conjunction with modelled solar radiation values to numerically model primary production during this time. The major phytoplankton nutrients were also measured. Early season chlorophyll α concentrations were low, and the increased light availability due to reduced ice cover in this area did not appear to enhance early season production. Chlorophyll concentrations peaked twice; the first peak occured on 20 July and the second on 14 August. The mean primary production rate and phytoplankton biomass were 998 mg C.m⁻² .d⁻¹ and 72 mg chl.m⁻² . This production rate is higher than that measured in other High Arctic areas. Nitrogen, phosphorus and silica were essentially homogeneously distributed during the sampling period and these concentrations varied little from June to August except during 5 days in late August, when they decreased by half then returned to previous levels.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Civil Engineering, Department of
Graduate

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3

Tremblay, Nicolas-Olivier R. "Molecular phylogeography of Dryas integrifolia : glacial refugia and postglacial recolonization." Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=20880.

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This thesis addresses the consequences of the last glaciation on the distribution and genetic diversity of arctic flora. The principal aim is to infer the full-glacial and postglacial migrational history of Dryas integrifolia M. Vahl. (Rosaceae) from the intraspecific phylogeny of cpDNA haplotypes along with pollen and macrofossil distribution data. The results suggest that four refugia existed during the last glaciation and that each served as significant sources of recolonization when the ice retreated. The two most important refugia are located in the northwestern Arctic (Beringia and the High Arctic), with two other refugia located southeast of the ice sheet and along the coastal regions of the eastern Arctic. High genetic substructure among populations is likely attributable to past vicariance and recent recolonization events, whereas high local diversity is probably indicative of recolonization from several sources and high gene flow in recent time.

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4

Trujillo, Michael Gregory Morgan. "Arctic Security: the Race for the Arctic through the Prism of International Relations Theory." PDXScholar, 2019. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4823.

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The purpose of the thesis is to examine future international relations in the Arctic as a theoretical exercise based on realism and liberalism. As the ice cap shrinks, and the region's environment changes, developing costs will decrease allowing for resource-extraction while new transit routes emerge. The opportunities to develop resources and ship via the Arctic are economic and strategically valuable, altering the geopolitics of the region. This thesis seeks to explore how resource development and new transit routes will affect regional politics through the lens of two theories. The two theoretical approaches will examine states and actors' interests and possible actions. Concluding, that realism will best describe the Arctic as states strive to be the regional hegemon by controlling transit routes and resources or defending the regional status quo, creating tension and a security competition between the U.S., China, and Russia. States will jockey for position within institutions before the ice cap disappears and transit routes emerge. These states seek to grow regional governance in their favor, providing support for a liberal framework, and possibly creating a structure strong enough to reduce tension before states strive to be the Arctic hegemon.

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5

Shea, James Robert. "Salinity tolerance and osmoregulation of the Arctic marine amphipods Onisimus litoralis (KrÜyer) and Anonyx nugax (Phipps)." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=64011.

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6

Heyes, Scott Alexander. "Inuit and scientific ways of knowing and seeing the Arctic landscape." Title page, abstract and table of contents only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARCHLM/09archlmh6159.pdf.

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"February 2002" Bibliography: leaves 117-128. This work explores traditional Inuit and Western scientific ways of knowing and seeing the Arctic through a number of cultural expressions of landscape. Inuit and Western perceptions of the Arctic are analysed by examining a series of thematic and cognitive 'maps', drawings and satellite imagery. The study focuses on how these forms of landscape representation and methods of navigation shape the way in whcih the Arctic is perceived. Centred on Inuit coastal villages in Nunavik (Northern Quebec), Canada, the study illustrates different and converging ways of reading the landscape through maps.

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7

Eliasson, Kristoffer. "Arctic strategies of sub-national regions : Why and how sub-national regions of Northern Finland and Sweden mobilize as Arctic stakeholders." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-122760.

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The stakes are high in the Arctic region in terms of economic opportunities, environmental challenges and political interests, not least considering the fact that stakeholders include the most powerful nations in the world. This study departs from the notion that sub-national levels of government, in areas most affected by developments in the Arctic; risk being put in the background in favor of high-level and high-tension politics. Using theories on paradiplomacy and marginality, this study makes a comparative analysis of why and how northern sub-national regions in two non-littoral Arctic states mobilize in the context.

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8

Jantunen, Liisa M. "Air-water gas exchange of toxaphene in Arctic regions." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0012/MQ29379.pdf.

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9

Sneed, William A. "Satellite Remote Sensing of Arctic Glacier-Climate Interactions." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2007. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/SneedWA2007.pdf.

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10

Lana, Aaron D. "An assessment of NOGAPS performance in Polar Forecasting from SHEBA data." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/1391.

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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
This study evaluates the latest Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS) version 4.0 with a comparison to data collected during the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic (SHEBA) project from October 1997 to October 1998. In particular, three periods from this year long study were the focus and included, a winter, spring, and summer case. For each of these cases the first 24-hour period of the forecasts were analyzed for any bias and root mean square difference from the SHEBA data. NOGAPS had no significant biases in pressure and wind speed. During the winter case, the NOPGAPS surface temperature remained near -28 C while observed temperature varied in response to cloud cover changes and was lower by 5.3 C on the average. During the spring the NOGAPS temperatures had a steady increase from -11 C until reaching the melt season temperature of 0 C 11 days earlier than observed. As a result of too warm a surface and less downwelling longwave radiation, the net longwave flux cooling was greater than observed, by an average of -12.4 Wm-2. The NOGAPS net shortwave radiation was greater than observed by an average of 62 Wm-2 for spring and 22.6 Wm-2 for summer.
Lieutenant, United States Navy

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11

Parker, Stephanie Megan. "Effects of Natural Disturbance on Arctic Stream Communities." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2004. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/ParkerSM2004.pdf.

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12

Poole, Lamont Rozelle. "Airborne lidar studies of Arctic polar stratospheric clouds." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184277.

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Airborne lidar measurements of Arctic polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) in January 1984 and January 1986 are reported. The locales and altitudes of the clouds coincided in both years with very cold ambient temperatures. During the 1984 experiment, PSCs were observed on three flights north of Thule, Greenland; peak backscatter occurred near 20 km (at temperatures below 193 K). A single PSC formation was seen between Iceland and Scotland during the 1986 experiment, with beak backscatter occurring near 22 km (at temperatures from 188-191 K). A sequence of observations in this same area by the SAM II satellite sensor depicts the history of cloud development and dissipation. Enhancements in aerosol backscattering in excess of a factor of 100 were measured during the 1984 experiment at latitudes near the Pole where 50-mb temperatures approached the frost point. Depolarization in the backscattered signal was estimated as 30-40%, similar to that measured in cirrus clouds. Farther south, with 50-mb temperatures several degrees warmer, backscatter enhancement factors ranged from 20-30, and little or no depolarization was observed. Results similar to the latter were found during the 1986 experiment--enhancement factors near 50 (at the 30-mb level, with temperatures 3-5 K above the frost point), and little depolarization. The contrast in observations suggested the existence of distinct cloud growth regimes delineated by temperatures, as proposed in recent articles addressing Antarctic ozone depletion. A theoretical model was developed which interposes a stage of nitric acid trihydrate deposition between the two stages of cloud formation and growth assumed in earlier models (aerosol droplet precursors and ice particles). The calculated temperature dependence of backscatter and extinction agreed well with experimentally observed values, except for small systematic errors at the 30-mb level which may be due to poor characterization of the temperature field there. A companion theoretical study of PSC formation at 70 mb in the Antarctic showed that about 80% and 30% of the nitric acid and water vapor supplies, respectively, may be sequestered in relatively large (4-μm radius) cloud particles at a temperature near 189 K. Such large particles would fall at a rate of about 2 km wk⁻¹, suggesting that PSCs may act as a sink for these stratospheric trace gases.

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13

Shapiro, Jane A. (Jane Ann) 1953. "A culture in transition : a case study of Eastern Arctic students' creative work." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61808.

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14

Tseng, Hsien-Liang R. "Toward quantifying the impact of atmospheric forcing on Arctic sea ice variability using the NPS 1/12 degree pan-Arctic coupled ice-ocean model." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2010/Mar/10Mar%5FTseng.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Meteorology and M.S. in Physical Oceanorgraphy)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2010.
Thesis Advisor(s): Maslowski, Wieslaw ; Stone, Rebecca E. "March 2010." Description based on title screen as viewed on April 26, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Arctic Sea Ice, Sea Ice Extent, Sea Ice Thickness, Sea Ice Volume, Coupled Ice-Ocean Model, Partial Correlation Coefficient, Surface Air Temperature, Arctic Oscillation, Atmospheric Forcing, Oceanic Forcing. Includes bibliographical references (p.163-168). Also available in print.

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15

Smarsh, David Anthony. "Meteorological investigation of ozone anomalies during the arctic boundary layer experiment (ABLE 3A)." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/25611.

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16

Rabinowitz, Samuel D. "Three scenarios for US energy policy in the Arctic Region." Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10066/3657.

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17

Lundeen, Gregory N. "A comparison of ice drift motion from modeled and buoy data." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 1990. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA246062.

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Thesis (M.S. in Meteorology and Physical Oceanography)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 1990.
Thesis Advisor(s): Bourke, Robert H. ; Morison, James. "December 1990." Description based on title screen as viewed on April 1, 2010. DTIC Identifier(s): Buoys, Sea Ice, Arctic Buoys, Ice Forecast, Arctic, Theses. Author(s) subject terms: PIPS, Sea Ice, Arctic Buoys, Ice Forecast, Arctic. Includes bibliographical references (p. 106-111). Also available in print.

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18

Vining, Sarah Rose, and Sarah Rose Vining. "Shifts in Arctic Vegetation May Fuel Feedbacks to Climate Change in Peatland Regions." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625232.

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Changing sub‐Arctic plant communities can be an important feedback to climate change, via shifts in quantity and quality of litter production. Litter inputs to soil have appreciable influence on soil organic matter and microbial dynamics and consequently may provide a feedback to climate change in the sub‐Arctic. As permafrost peatlands thaw in response to climate change, the community composition of vegetation has been observed to shift from smaller and woodier shrubs to larger, more biodegradable sedges. We tested the hypothesis that carbon (C) stored in plant biomass increases across a permafrost thaw gradient by sampling both above‐ and below‐ground biomass in a permafrost‐underlain palsa, partially thawed bog, and fully thawed fen, all at Stordalen Mire in northern Sweden. Surprisingly, we found that total above‐ and below‐ground biomass together do not significantly change from the intact to the fully‐thawed habitats, despite previous research showing that net ecosystem productivity (NEP) appears to be higher in the fully thawed inundated fen. The lack of observed biomass increase despite the increase in NEP observed in other studies could be explained if the higher productivity sedges in fen sites have higher turnover, and transfer that productivity to SOM through high root exudation and/or litter deposition. We also observed a shift in plant community composition associated with loss of plant biodiversity across the gradient. These results suggest that plant community succession alters the quantity, type, and diversity of plant litter inputs to the soil. Such changes in litter quantity and type may be important drivers of decomposition rates and therefore the status of the ecosystem as a source versus sink for atmospheric C.

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19

Mocellin, Jane Schneider Pereyron. "A behavioural study of human responses to the arctic and antarctic environments." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29024.

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This is a study of human response to the Arctic and Antarctic environments. It is based on two sources of data: the content analysis of original diaries of polar explorers, and the behavioural evaluation of contemporary crews in polar locations. In the latter, four polar stations were chosen, two in each polar region with a total of fifty-five experimental subjects. Twenty-seven other subjects acted as controls for both polar regions: a northern control group located at a semi-isolated site in Canada, and the southern group located in an Argentinian city. Methods applied in this research included the design and coding of categories which were content analyzed from the original diaries of explorers, and on-site procedures. On-site procedures included psychometric material, participant-observation reports and unstructured interviews. Fifteen behavioural measures within the domain of personality, perception of the environment, affection, social stress and community behaviour were administered. It was hypothesized that the human response would be similar in both polar regions because of environmental and sociological similarities, and that the polar setting would affect men and women in a negative way. Results showed that: (i) the polar environment is not perceived as stressful by the crews - a low anxiety state across both polar regions was found, (ii) traumatic experiences of the explorers had led to the perception of the environment in a negative perspective - yet the winter seemed to be a relaxing phase for the crews rather than stressful, (iii) personnel stationed at polar sites may possess special characteristics which distinguish them from the majority of the population, (iv) although cross-cultural differences exist, they are not as strong as might be anticipated - the environment exerts a unifying influence, (v) differences in gender-response are difficult to assess due to the small number of women subjects, but some differences with controls were noted.
Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies
Graduate

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20

Swick, William A. "High latitude coupled sea-ice-air thermodynamics." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Sep%5FSwick.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Meteorology and Physical Oceanography)--Naval Postgraduate School, Sept. 2004.
Thesis advisor(s): Roland W. Garwood. Includes bibliographical references (p. 71-73). Also available online.

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21

Hellqvist, Elsa. "Frozen Diplomacy : Regional Causes for the Increased Militarization in the Arctic." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-430877.

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22

Zeng, Tao. "Three-dimensional model analysis of tropospheric photochemical processes in the Arctic and northern mid-latitudes." Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005, 2005. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-08232005-123814/.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006.
Wang, Yuhang, Committee Chair ; Black, Robert, Committee Member ; Curry, Judith, Committee Member ; Huey, Greg, Committee Member ; Russell, Armistead G, Committee Member. Includes bibliographical references.

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23

Heyes, Andrew. "Mineral weathering by dissolved organic carbon in subarctic fens." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59647.

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The contribution of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) to mineral weathering was investigated under the changing Eh and pH conditions in three subarctic fens, near Schefferville, Quebec. No evidence of increased weathering rates nor different weathering patterns were found in the fen basal sediment despite DOC-rich and low Eh (0 to +200 mV) conditions.
Solutions containing 50 mg DOC/L derived from subarctic fen peat, and of 50 and 300 mg DOC/L, derived from deciduous leaf litter were used as weathering agents. Clinochlore, microcline and the Fe-rich basal till from the Schefferville fens were used as weatherable mediums. The DOC rich solutions and controls (made of distilled water buffered to the same initial pH) were used to investigate the relative weathering ability of DOC-rich waters under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The relative ability was determined by comparing the changing cation concentrations in the solutions.

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24

Ross, Julie 1959. "Observation and characterization of low-level air temperatures above a subarctic snowpack." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61681.

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25

Williams, Timothy D. C., and n/a. "Reflections on ice : scattering of flexural gravity waves by irregularities in Arctic and Antarctic ice sheets." University of Otago. Department of Mathematics & Statistics, 2006. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20060907.120444.

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This thesis studies the scattering properties of different types of imperfections in large Arctic and Antarctic ice sheets. Such irregularities include cracks, pressure ridges and both open and refrozen leads. The scattering by a transition region between sea ice and a very thick ice shelf, for example as is found in the Ross Sea in Antarctica, is also treated. Methods of solution are based on applications of Green�s theorem to the appropriate situation, which leads to either a single integral equation or a pair of coupled integral equations to be solved at the boundary between the ice and the sea water. Those equations over a finite interval are solved using numerical quadrature, while those over semi-infinite ranges are solved using the Wiener-Hopf method. Results calculated using different techniques are able to be checked against each other, giving us great confidence in their accuracy. In particular, the scattering by three ice sheets of different thicknesses is confirmed analytically by mode-matching coupled with the residue calculus technique. The scattering by the single irregularities is investigated partly for its own sake, and partly with the aim of using it to treat the scattering when large numbers of features are included in a single ice sheet. The principal objective of doing this is to observe the change in the general amounts of reflection and transmission as the background ice thickness is changed. There is enough variation in our results for us to conclude that there is definite potential for using the change in an incident wave spectrum after passing through a given ice field to estimate the background ice thickness.

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26

Zubrzycki, Sebastian [Verfasser], and Eva-Maria [Akademischer Betreuer] Pfeiffer. "Organic Carbon Pools in Permafrost-Affected Soils of Siberian Arctic Regions / Sebastian Zubrzycki. Betreuer: Eva-Maria Pfeiffer." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1042278245/34.

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27

Shu, Song. "Satellite Radar and Laser Altimetry for Monitoring of Lake Water Level and Snow Accumulation in Arctic Regions." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1561394321584998.

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28

Shapovalova, Daria. "The effectiveness of the international environmental legal framework in protecting the Arctic environment in light of offshore oil and gas development." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2017. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=236459.

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29

Soliday, Greg. "The Arctic Oscillation and Wintertime Climatology of the Midwest and Tennessee Valley Regions of the USA (1951-2010)." Thesis, Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1565125.

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An analysis was conducted to assess the relationship between the Arctic Oscillation (AO) and wintertime climatology of the Midwest and Tennessee Valley regions of the USA. In particular, this study focuses on variation in wintertime temperatures and snowfall totals during the top ten most positive and negative AO winters for the aforementioned regions. In addition, NCEP/NCAR reanalysis composite maps were created and examined to evaluate the relationship between certain atmospheric parameters and the opposing phases of the AO. In the Midwest and Tennessee Valley regions, variation in wintertime mean temperature and snowfall totals are associated with strong phases of the AO. The top ten most negative AO winters resulted in below average temperatures and above average snowfall totals. In contrast, the top ten most positive AO winters resulted in above average temperatures and below average snowfall totals. In addition, variation in mean wintertime temperature and snowfall totals is less significant during positive AO winters in comparison to negative AO winters. The top 10 most positive and negative AO winters appear to provide a significant link between anomalous middle and upper atmospheric circulation and atypical surface weather patterns across the Midwest and Tennessee Valley regions.

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30

Williams, Stephen Vincent. "Visual arctic navigation: techniques for autonomous agents in glacial environments." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/41135.

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Arctic regions are thought to be more sensitive to climate change fluctuations, making weather data from these regions more valuable for climate modeling. Scientists have expressed an interest in deploying a robotic sensor network in these areas, minimizing the exposure of human researchers to the harsh environment, while allowing dense, targeted data collection to commence. For any such robotic system to be successful, a certain set of base navigational functionality must be developed. Further, these navigational algorithms must rely on the types of low-cost sensors that would be viable for use in a multi-agent system. A set of vision-based processing techniques have been proposed, which augment current robotic technologies for use in glacial terrains. Specifically, algorithms for estimating terrain traversability, robot localization, and terrain reconstruction have been developed which use data collected exclusively from a single camera and other low-cost robotic sensors. For traversability assessment, a custom algorithm was developed that uses local scale surface texture to estimate the terrain slope. Additionally, a horizon line estimation system has been proposed that is capable of coping with low-contrast, ambiguous horizons. For localization, a monocular simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) filter has been fused with consumer-grade GPS measurements to produce full robot pose estimates that do not drift over long traverses. Finally, a terrain reconstruction methodology has been proposed that uses a Gaussian process framework to incorporate sparse SLAM landmarks with dense slope estimates to produce a single, consistent terrain model. These algorithms have been tested within a custom glacial terrain computer simulation and against multiple data sets acquired during glacial field trials. The results of these tests indicate that vision is a viable sensing modality for autonomous glacial robotics, despite the obvious challenges presented by low-contrast glacial scenery. The findings of this work are discussed within the context of the larger arctic sensor network project, and a direction for future work is recommended.

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31

BERTINETTI, STEFANO. "Isotopic analysis of atmospheric particulate from polar regions." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/1084130.

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A complete description of the origin, transport, fate, and effects of the atmospheric particulate matter (PM) in the polar regions is not yet available. Pb is a toxic element that is introduced into the environment in large amounts by anthropic activities, but it is also a useful atmospheric tracer because its isotopic composition is closely related to its geographic origin. Therefore, Pb isotopic analysis of PM10 collected from East Antarctica (Dome C, East Antarctic Plateau) and the Arctic (Svalbard Islands) has been performed, for sources recognition of the atmospheric Pb that reaches these remote areas. PM10 was directly collected from the atmosphere by air filtration upon PTFE membrane filters. In Antarctica, snow samples were collected from snow pits to evaluate the temporal variation of PM (provenience, composition) during the last decades. The information about the provenience of Pb was compared with that obtained from the atmospheric circulation models (back-trajectory analysis), allowing an overview of the long-range atmospheric transport of PM10 toward the Arctic and Antarctica. However, a better interpretation of the actual situation is only possible by considering different types of tracers, such as the isotopic composition of Sr, linked to the mineral dust input, and the elemental characterization of the PM10. Therefore, new methods for the elemental analysis of snow by ICP-AES, and the direct Sr isotopic analysis by ICP-MS/MS have been developed. These methods will be applied to the snow and PM10 samples which are still collected from the same sites, to extend the existing data set, and from additional sampling sites to improve our knowledge of the spatial variability of PM transport and deposition.

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32

Bravo, Michael Trevor. "Science and discovery in the Admiralty voyages to the Arctic Regions in search of a North-West Passage (1815-25)." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/251531.

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33

Rühland, Kathleen M. "Diatom assemblage shifts relative to changes in environmental and climatic conditions in the circumpolar treeline regions of the Canadian and Siberian Arctic." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ63450.pdf.

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34

Scott, Catherine Louise. "Calanoid copepods and ice fauna in Arctic fjords and regions of the marginal ice zone around Svalbard : lipids; stage distributions; trophic interactions and life strategies." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341210.

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35

Davis, Davena. "[The] dayspring from on high hath visited us" : an examination of the missionary endeavours of the Moravians and the Anglican Church Missionary Society among the Inuit in the Arctic regions of Canada and Labrador, (1880s-1920s)." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=107379.

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36

Davis, Davena 1940. ""The dayspring from on high hath visited us" : an examination of the missionary endeavours of the Moravians and the Anglican Church Missionary Society among the Inuit in the Arctic regions of Canada and Labrador, (1880s-1920s)." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74051.

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37

Junttila, J. (Juho). "Clay minerals in response to Mid-Pliocene glacial history and climate in the polar regions (ODP, Site 1165, Prydz Bay, Antarctica and Site 911, Yermak Plateau, Arctic Ocean)." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2007. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514283680.

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Abstract This thesis examines the Mid-Pliocene climatic extreme ca. three million years ago (Ma) which was the latest longtime warm period. It is an important topic because the climate back then was warmer compared with the present. The bipolar regions are studied because they represent the largest areas that control the global climate. This study is based on clay mineral research that may significantly improve our knowledge of the Mid-Pliocene climate when combined with other palaeoenvironmental data. The paleoclimatological objectives of this study were: 1) to investigate how clay minerals reflect the Mid-Pliocene Global Warmth event, 2) to study ice sheet development at high latitudes, especially in East-Antarctica, and the history of ice rafting and sea ice, especially in the Arctic Ocean. This thesis deals with the clay mineral distribution and compositional analysis of the Pliocene-aged marine sediment sequences provided by the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP). The first studied site, Site 1165, is located at the continental rise of Prydz Bay, East Antarctica, and the second studied site, Site 911, is located at the Yermak Plateau, north of Svalbard, in the Arctic Ocean. The Pliocene smectite clay minerals at Site 1165 were mainly derived from Antarctic continental sources and transported to the site primarly by bottom currents related to warm events during the last 5 Ma. The evidence obtained in this study shows that the East Antarctic ice sheet may have been a dynamic ice sheet during the past 5 Ma, especially during the Mid-Pliocene. The results from the Mid-Pliocene possibly suggest a general warming trend. Based on the composition of the heavy minerals and clay minerals, at Site 911, the Pliocene smectite clay minerals were mainly transported within sea ice by the Siberian branch of the Transpolar Drift. The results indicate a warming trend at approximately 3 Ma after which they indicate a shift back to glacial conditions. Based on this study, the Mid-Pliocene Global Warmth can be observed in both the Arctic and Antarctic regions.

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Santos, Leo Evandro Figueiredo dos. "Cooperação e conflitos nas regiões polares : um cenário para o século XXI." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/147437.

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A presente tese trata de analisar, a partir da situação das Regiões Ártica e Antártica, questões ambientais que se inserem no campo das relações e dos estudos de segurança internacionais. Neste sentido, através de uma abordagem comparativa, ajusta-se, metodológica e teoricamente, as relações entre questões ambientais e de segurança e sua intersecção com os estudos sobre regimes internacionais. O objetivo é a partir de uma concepção de que são o Ártico (parcialmente) e a Antártica, áreas internacionais, examinar a relação existente entre a exploração de recursos naturais e questões ambientais (mudanças climáticas) e as possibilidades de conflitos e sua superação ou adiamento, em função do exame intrínseco da competição por recursos naturais (petróleo, gás, hidratos de gás, bioprospecção, recursos marinhos, água doce, turismo e rotas polares, esse último somente para o Ártico) e das mudanças climáticas e dos regimes concebidos nas Regiões Polares. Foram examinadas, ao mesmo tempo, dificuldades econômicas, ambientais, técnicas e políticas (dificuldades intrínsecas) à exploração de recursos ambientais, os efeitos das mudanças climáticas e a força dos regimes das Regiões Polares, verificando-se as respectivas capacidades de adiar ou evitar conflitos. Sendo que a força do regime foi examinada a partir do grau de impacto dos elementos que a formam: 1) efetividade do regime, 2) a resiliência do regime, 3) resistência do regime, 4) a presença do hegemon e outros Estados protagonistas, 5) mecanismos de aquiescência, que incentivem ou obriguem o respeito as regras do regime, e 6) existência de uma organização internacional vinculada. Partiu-se do pressuposto de que quanto maiores as dificuldades para exploração, menor seria a competição e, portanto, menores as possibilidades de ocorrerem conflitos. A possibilidade de ocorrência de conflitos também foi cotejada com o grau de fortalecimento dos regimes instalados nas Regiões Polares. A tese conclui que no Ártico e na Antártica as dificuldades para a exploração dos recursos naturais se equivalem. Especificamente no campo político e econômico, quanto aos minerais (inclusive água) na Antártica a dificuldade é maior na atualidade em função da vedação da exploração até 2048 e porque as pesquisas ainda são insuficientes para comprovar a viabilidade da exploração; em compensação no Ártico a localização dos recursos em áreas sob soberania ou no espaço que compreende a ZEE não enseja dificuldades políticas e jurídicas para exploração em função da aplicação da CNUDM. Por sua vez, em especial, as externalidades dos efeitos das mudanças climáticas nas Regiões Polares podem provocar o aumento do n.m.m. e alterações dos padrões climáticos, contudo conflitos não seriam inevitáveis. Em relação aos Regimes Polares ambos foram considerados fortes, contudo o regime antártico foi considerado mais fortalecido. O exame dos elementos, principalmente, a resiliência e efetividade do STA e cotejamento com o processo de consolidação do regime complexo do Ártico justificam a conclusão. Por fim conclui esta tese que as condições para exploração dos recursos naturais, os efeitos das mudanças climáticas nas e a partir das Regiões Polares e o grau de fortalecimento dos regimes internacionais lá constituídos revelam, que os conflitos, ainda que possíveis não são prováveis.
This thesis analyzes, from Arctic and Antarctic regions, environmental issues which fall within the field of international relations and security studies. In this sense, through a comparative approach sets, intends to, methodological and theoretically, the relationship between environmental and security issues and its intersection with studies on international relations. The goal is, from a design which are the Arctic (in part) and Antarctica, international areas, examining the links between the exploitation of natural resources and environmental issues (climate change) and the potential for conflicts and overcome them or postponement, due to the intrinsic exam competition for natural resources (oil, gas, gas hydrates, bioprospecting, marine resources, freshwater, tourism and polar routes, the latter only for the Arctic) and climate change and regimes in the polar regions. Were examined at the same time, economic, environmental, technical and policy difficulties (intrinsic difficulties) the exploitation of environmental resources, the effects of climate change and the strength of the polar regions regimes, verifying their ability to delay or avoid conflicts. The strength of the system was examined from the degree of impact of the elements that form it: 1) effectiveness of the system, 2) the resilience of the system, 3) regime resistance, 4) the presence of the hegemon and other protagonists States 5) compliance mechanisms that encourage or force respect the rules of the regime, and 6) the existence of a linked international organization. It started with the assumption that the greater the difficulties for exploration, would be less competition and therefore lower the chances of occurrence of conflicts. The possibility of conflict was also checked against the degree of strengthening of systems installed in the polar regions. The thesis concludes that the Arctic and Antarctic difficulties for the exploitation of natural resources are equivalent. Specifically, in the political and economic field, as minerals (including water) in Antarctica the difficulty is greater today due to the operations are prohibited up to 2048 and because the research is still insufficient to prove the viability of the exploitation; in compensation in the Arctic location of resources in areas under the sovereignty or within the EEZ that comprises not entails political and legal difficulties to exploitation due to the implementation of UNCLOS. In turn, in particular, the externalities of the effects of climate change on the polar regions can cause an increase in sea level and changes in weather patterns, however conflicts would not inevitable. Regarding the polar regimes both were considered strong, however the Antarctic regime was considered more strong. Examination of the components, especially the resilience and effectiveness of ATS and mutual comparison with the consolidation of the complex Arctic regime justify the conclusion. Finally, this thesis concludes that the conditions for exploitation of natural resources, the effects of climate change on and from the polar regions and the degree of strengthening international regimes established their reveal that the conflicts, although possible is not probable.

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39

Marquez, Janet. "An Analysis of Cruise Ship Management Policies in Parks and Protected Areas in the Eastern Canadian Arctic." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/2799.

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This study establishes an initial understanding of the state of cruise tourism in the Eastern Canadian Arctic. Two specific objectives were fulfilled; a) to develop an understanding of the goals and operational procedures of current cruise ship operators, and b) to provide insight into the policies that may be necessary for Parks Canada and the Canadian Wildlife Service to enhance management in parks and protected areas.

Cruise tourism in the Eastern Canadian Arctic is a relatively new industry. At present, there is a lack of inclusive government guidelines for the Canadian cruise tourism industry. The steady increase of cruise tourism traffic in the region since 1984 suggests the potential for environmental and social impacts to this fragile polar region. There is a need for the creation of guidelines to direct this tourism activity.

A literature review identified the current state of the cruise line industry in the Eastern Canadian Arctic, Antarctic and Alaskan waters. The policy requirements pertaining to cruise tourism in parks and protected areas were identified including the current management strategies for tourism employed in Northern Canadian parks and protected areas.

Content analysis of current cruise tourism literature themes, which were used to create and conduct interviews that explored these themes. From these findings, data was used to create a policy formation framework that will assist in the planning and management of cruise tourism in the Eastern Canadian Arctic.

The results indicated that cruise tourism in the Eastern Canadian Arctic is percevied as a safe and economically viable industry. The research found a high degree of coherence between the literature and the opinion of the stakeholders in regards to key issues that need to be addressed. Such issues include the need for greater academic research on this topic; the need for policies and guidelines to aid in the management of parks and protected areas in polar regions; a need for unity and cohesion in the Arctic Cruise Tourism Industry and finally, greater government awareness and assistance given to the cruise tourism industry in the Eastern Canadian Arctic. There was also a high degree of enthusiasm from the stakeholders for inter-group and interagency cooperation. This enthusiasm bodes well for the future of cruise tourism policy creation in the Eastern Canadian Arctic.

This thesis proposes a structure for the way forward.

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40

St-Onge, Paul. "Transport et mobilité des résidants du village de Kangiqsualujjuaq (Nunavik) : le cas de la motoneige." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23736.

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This thesis discusses the impact of the snowmobile on the Inuit society in northern Canada and more specifically in Kangiqsualujjuaq (Nunavik). By drawing the portrait of traditional and modern habits of mobility, it is possible to understand the influence of the snowmobile--considered as micro-technology--on the fundamental structures of the Inuit society. More generally, the research illustrates the evolution of the means of transportion starting from the pre-contact period to the 1990's.
Westernization of the Inuit society is not the consequence of only one item but the combination of many. Even if it is difficult to evaluate the influence of a particular technology on a cultural system, snowmobile has had an important impact on the social, cultural and economic values of the Inuit society. The results of the introduction of this vehicle are not only the consolidation of the westernization way of living, because the snowmobile also gives to the Inuit society, the technology needed to practice traditional activities in a contemporary context.

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41

McKenney, Robyn Sullivan. "The effects of sustained, individualized technology professional development with a classroom teacher on the acquisition of content and technology skills of third grade students engaged in a multi-disciplinary study of the Arctic /." Online thesis, 2004. http://www.geocities.com/bobbyn18/FINALEDITION.doc.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Connecticut State University, 2004.
Website for materials: http://www.geocities.com/bobbyn18/Thesis.html?1074876403923 (viewed 12-29-2005). Bibliography: leaves 93-97. Thesis also available via the World Wide Web.

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42

Carstens, Marina. "Zur Ökologie von Schmelzwassertümpeln auf arktischem Meereis - Charakteristika, saisonale Dynamik und Vergleich mit anderen aquatischen Lebensräumen polarer Regionen = On the ecology of meltwater ponds on Arctic sea ice - characteristics, seasonal dynamic and comparison with other aquatic habitats of polar regions /." Bremerhaven : Alfred-Wegener-Inst. für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 2002. http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/341501816.pdf.

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43

Suurmunne, Mari-Anna. "Redefining security in the Arctic region." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0035/NQ46929.pdf.

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44

Marie, Claire. "Arctic region policy information sharing : model options." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/5190.

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CHDS State/Local
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited
Continued climate change and minimum ice conditions over the past several years is allowing for increased maritime activity in the Arctic, which may lead to potential homeland security/defense missions. In January 2009, the U.S. government acknowledged the probability of these missions with an updated Arctic Region Policy, which highlighted the need to develop capabilities to protect U.S. air, land and sea borders, military/civilian vessels and aircraft, maritime commerce, critical infrastructure and key resources. Successfully supporting these missions will depend on a coherent understanding of all the activities taking place in the Arctic region. Achieving this level of "situational awareness" will only be possible when all equity partners and stakeholders are sharing relevant information. This thesis examined three popular information-sharing models, Alaska Information Analysis Center, Joint Interagency Coordination Group, and the Alaska Partnership for Infrastructure Protection to determine which would work best for a broad array of Arctic partners and stakeholders. The thesis' research and analysis shows that none of the models are sufficient or stand-alone; rather a megacommunity is necessary, consisting of all equity partners interfacing with the stakeholders, managed by leaders that will motivate the community to achieve a high degree of awareness for all Arctic activity.

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Burke, Danita Catherine. "Nuanced perceptions and Arctic disputes : an examination of the Canadian relationship with the Arctic region." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2160/37d256e3-b39d-4bbe-9a8c-9acab78939e1.

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The most puzzling aspect of the Canadian relationship with the Arctic region revolves around the split between the appearance of absent-minded governance, bordering on indifference toward the region, and the raging nationalism during moments of actual and perceived challenge toward the imagined “Canadian Arctic region.” Canada’s nationalistic relationship with the Arctic region is often discussed as a reactionary phenomenon to anti-American sentiments, national identity insecurities and government propaganda, but its complexity and evolution within Canadian society are rarely given much in-depth consideration and analysis. As such, this thesis explores the complexities and evolution of the Canadian-Arctic relationship through two central research questions: how have the dominant cultural attitudes about the Canadian Arctic emerged and evolved within Canadian society and how have these cultural ideas about the Canadian Arctic region effected, and been effected by, Canada’s international disputes in the Arctic region? Using Canada as the focus for the analysis, the purpose of this project is to develop upon Arctic studies and international relations literature by providing an intricate look at how interests and disputes in the Canadian Arctic region at the regional and international levels are affects by domestic cultural and political factors.

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46

Emelyanova, A. (Anastasia). "Cross-regional analysis of population aging in the Arctic." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2015. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526210049.

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Abstract Despite the greater strategic importance and increasing activities in the Arctic as well as the increased attention paid by national governments, few attempts have been made to understand the on-going demographic changes from a pan-Arctic perspective. In particular, population aging or “silverization” is a demographic megatrend affecting regional societies and the economy which can exert profound social consequences in this most desolate and least populated region in the world. Although there are a few studies investigating aging in the Arctic countries, none have extended their research to the sub-national level. This thesis consists of an analysis of aging and possible rejuvenation trends in 23 Arctic sub-regions, and compares these trends to the national average of their eight respective countries. Two groups of indicators have been used to measure aging; these are based on “chronological” and “prospective” ages, the latter considers changes in life expectancy and improvements in population health. The study generated a large set of aging data for the period 1980/1990 to 2010 as well as the present day, utilizing the available baseline data. The discussion examined major trends in aging elucidating the interactions of conventional and prospective indicators, revealed the oldest and youngest territories, linkages between the Arctic and nationwide rates, the fastest and slowest regions that are aging (or in contrast, rejuvenating), sex and ethnic differences, and whether Northern Canada and Alaska, North Atlantic, Arctic Russia and Northern Fennoscandia are converging or diverging in terms of aging development. In addition, the interplay of causes of aging and other demographic conditions of Arctic territories was examined as well as the gaps in knowledge and prospects for future research. The international comparative evidence of the thesis can help the northern communities’ policy makers in planning changes that have to be made in order to adjust to an aging transition. It is clear that sustainable population development is the key to a viable Arctic region
Tiivistelmä Arktisella alueella tapahtuvaa väestörakenteen muutosta ja sen syitä on tutkittu vähän, vaikka alueen merkitys ja aktiviteetit ovat korostuneet valtioiden strategioissa. Erityisesti väestön ikääntyminen tai ”harmaantuminen” on yleinen demografinen suuntaus, joka vaikuttaa pohjoisten alueiden väestöön ja talouteen ja voi johtaa syvällisiin yhteiskunnallisiin seurauksiin tällä maailman harvaan asutuimmalla alueella. Ikääntymistä on tutkittu jonkin verran yksittäisissä maissa, mutta ei näiden maiden pohjoisissa osissa. Tässä väitöskirjatyössä analysoidaan ikääntymistä ja mahdollista nuorentumista kahdeksan arktisen maan 23 pohjoisella alueella ja näitä verrataan saman maan kansalliseen keskiarvoon. Ikääntymisen mittareina on käytetty kahta mittaustapaa perustuen joko ”kronologiseen” tai ”prospektiiviseen” ikään, joista jälkimmäinen huomioi muutokset odotettavissa olevassa eliniässä sekä väestön terveydentilan kohentumissa. Tutkimuksen tuloksena syntyi laaja ikääntymistä käsittelevä tietoaineisto vuosilta 1980/1990 vuoteen 2010/nykypäivään perustuen käytettävissä oleviin lähtöaineistoihin. Tässä työssä yksilöitiin ikääntymisen pääsuuntaukset ja vertailtiin perinteisten ja uusien indikaattoreiden tuottamia tuloksia. Lisäksi selvitettiin ikääntymisen kannalta väestöltään vanhimmat ja nuorimmat alueet, verraltiin arktisen alueen ja kansallisten lukujen välisiä yhteyksiä sekä esiteltiin nopeimmin ja hitaimmin ikääntyvät (tai nuorentuvat) alueet sekä sukupuoleen ja etnisyyteen liittyviä eroja. Tutkimus luo uutta tietoa Pohjois-Kanadan ja Alaskan, Pohjois-Atlantin alueen, Venäjän arktisen alueen sekä pohjoisen Fennoskandian väestöjen ikääntymiskehityksestä. Lisäksi väitöskirjatyö analysoi ikääntymiskehityksen ja muiden väestökehitykseen liittyvien olosuhteiden syitä arktisella alueella sekä tulevaisuuden tutkimustarpeita. Kansainvälinen vertailu voi auttaa valtioiden ja alueiden päättäjiä tekemään suunnitelmat, joilla pohjoiset yhteisöt voivat sopeutua ikääntymisen tuomiin haasteisiin. Kestävä väestökehitys on avain elinvoimaiseen arktiseen alueeseen

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Hamman, Joseph, Bart Nijssen, Michael Brunke, John Cassano, Anthony Craig, Alice DuVivier, Mimi Hughes, et al. "Land Surface Climate in the Regional Arctic System Model." AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621720.

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The Regional Arctic System Model (RASM) is a fully coupled, regional Earth system model applied over the pan-Arctic domain. This paper discusses the implementation of the Variable Infiltration Capacity land surface model (VIC) in RASM and evaluates the ability of RASM, version 1.0, to capture key features of the land surface climate and hydrologic cycle for the period 1979-2014 in comparison with uncoupled VIC simulations, reanalysis datasets, satellite measurements, and in situ observations. RASM reproduces the dominant features of the land surface climatology in the Arctic, such as the amount and regional distribution of precipitation, the partitioning of precipitation between runoff and evapotranspiration, the effects of snow on the water and energy balance, and the differences in turbulent fluxes between the tundra and taiga biomes. Surface air temperature biases in RASM, compared to reanalysis datasets ERA-Interim and MERRA, are generally less than 2 degrees C; however, in the cold seasons there are local biases that exceed 6 degrees C. Compared to satellite observations, RASM captures the annual cycle of snow-covered area well, although melt progresses about two weeks faster than observations in the late spring at high latitudes. With respect to derived fluxes, such as latent heat or runoff, RASM is shown to have similar performance statistics as ERA-Interim while differing substantially from MERRA, which consistently overestimates the evaporative flux across the Arctic region.

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Yu, Yanling. "Regional Arctic ice thickness and brine flux from AVHRR /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/11067.

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Darwent, Christyann M. "High Arctic paleoeskimo fauna : temporal changes and regional differences /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3036819.

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50

Page, Laurence M. (Laurence Michael). "Structure, metamorphism, and geochronology of the Singis-Nikkaluokta region, Arctic Scandinavian Caledonides." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/60420.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, 1990.
1 folded map in pocket.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 190-196).
by Laurence M. Page.
Ph.D.

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