Journal articles: 'Arctic; Goose'

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Madsen, Jesper. "Goose grazing in the Arctic." Ibis 130, no. 2 (April 3, 2008): 302–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919x.1988.tb00984.x.

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Mariash, Heather L., Milla Rautio, Mark Mallory, and Paul A. Smith. "Experimental tests of water chemistry response to ornithological eutrophication: biological implications in Arctic freshwaters." Biogeosciences 16, no. 23 (December 10, 2019): 4719–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4719-2019.

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Abstract. Many populations of Arctic-breeding geese have increased in abundance in recent decades, and in the Canadian Arctic, snow geese (Chen caerulescens) and Ross's geese (Chen rossii) are formally considered overabundant by wildlife managers. The impacts of these overabundant geese on terrestrial habitats are well documented, and, more recently, studies have suggested impacts on freshwater ecosystems as well. The direct contribution of nutrients from goose faeces to water chemistry could have cascading effects on biological functioning, through changes in phytoplankton biovolumes and community composition. We demonstrated previously that goose faeces can enrich ponds with nutrients at a landscape scale. Here, we show experimentally that goose droppings rapidly released nitrogen and phosphorus when submerged in freshwater, increasing the dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus in the water. This resulted in both a decrease in the nitrogen:phosphorus ratio and an increase in cyanobacteria in the goose dropping treatment. In contrast, this pattern was not found when we submerged cut sedge (Carex sp.) leaves. These results demonstrate that geese act as bio-vectors, causing terrestrial nutrients to be bioavailable in freshwater systems. Collectively, the results demonstrate the direct ecological consequences of ornithological nutrient loading from hyper-abundant geese in Arctic freshwater ecosystems.

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Kuijper, D. P. J., J. P. Bakker, E. J. Cooper, R. Ubels, I. S. Jónsdóttir, and M. J. J. E. Loonen. "Intensive grazing by Barnacle geese depletes High Arctic seed bank." Canadian Journal of Botany 84, no. 6 (June 2006): 995–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b06-052.

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Studies in the Canadian Arctic show dramatic effects of increased goose grazing on vegetation structure and soil conditions, but little is known of the role of goose grazing in the European Arctic. We focused on how geese might affect plant recruitment via effects on seed production and soil seed bank in High Arctic Svalbard. Experimental grazing by captive Barnacle geese ( Branta leucopsis (Bechstein, 1803)) decreased flower densities both at normal and at high grazing pressure. Geese showed a clear preference for reproductive rather than vegetative shoots. Soil samples collected inside and outside 7-year-old exclosures in an intensively goose-grazed area revealed significant effects on the germinable soil seed bank. The density of viable seeds in the top soil layer inside exclosures was six times higher than in grazed plots. Lower densities of viable seeds occurred in the basal than in the top layer but there was no difference in basal layer seed density between exclosed and grazed plots. This study shows that geese have strong effects on floral abundance and consequently on the seed bank. We argue that goose grazing in these systems influences the potential for recovery after a disturbance event and thus the long-term plant species diversity and dynamics.

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Careau, V., J. F. Giroux, G. Gauthier, and D. Berteaux. "Surviving on cached foods — the energetics of egg-caching by arctic foxes." Canadian Journal of Zoology 86, no. 10 (October 2008): 1217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z08-102.

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Food-caching by arctic foxes ( Vulpes lagopus (L., 1758)) is a behavioural adaptation thought to increase winter survival, especially in bird colonies where a large number of eggs can be cached during a short nesting season. In this paper, we measured the energy content of greater snow goose ( Chen caerulescens atlantica Kennard, 1927) eggs and evaluated their perishability when cached in tundra soil for a whole summer. We estimated that eggs lost only ~8% of their dry mass over 60 days of storage in the ground. We used published estimates on digestibility of nutrients by arctic foxes to estimate that fresh and stored goose eggs contained 816 and 730 kJ of metabolizable energy, respectively, a difference of 11%. Using information on arctic fox energetics, we evaluated that 145 stored eggs were required to sustain the growth of one pup from the age of 1 to 3 months (nutritional independence). Moreover, 23 stored eggs were energetically equivalent to the average fat deposit of an arctic fox during winter. Finally, we calculated that an adult arctic fox would need to recover 160–220 stored eggs to survive 6 months in resting conditions during cold winter temperatures. This value increased to 480 when considering activity cost. Based on egg acquisition and caching rates observed in many goose colonies, we conclude that cached eggs represent an important source of energy relative to the needs of an arctic fox during winter, and have thus a high fitness value.

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Harriman, V. B., R. T. Alisauskas, and G. A. Wobeser. "The case of the blood-covered egg: ectoparasite abundance in an arctic goose colony." Canadian Journal of Zoology 86, no. 9 (September 2008): 959–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z08-074.

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Since 1991, blood-covered eggs have been noted in nests of Ross’s ( Chen rossii (Cassin, 1861)) and lesser snow ( Chen caerulescens caerulescens (L., 1758)) geese at the Karrak Lake colony, Nunavut, Canada. Fleas ( Ceratophyllus vagabundus vagabundus (Boheman, 1866)) were subsequently observed to be associated with goose nests containing eggs covered with dried blood. We examined prevalence of blood presence on goose eggs and extent of egg coverage with blood in goose nests from 2001 to 2004. Flea abundance in nests was estimated in 2003 and 2004, and was strongly correlated with the proportion of goose egg surface covered by blood, suggesting that degree of blood coverage was a suitable index of flea abundance. Extent of blood fluctuated annually and was correlated with both host characteristics and host habitat factors. Nest bowls used by geese in previous years contained more fleas than did new nest bowls, and fleas were more abundant in older areas of the colony. Flea abundance increased with goose clutch size and was highest in rock and birch habitats. Ceratophyllus vagabundus vagabundus appears to be a new parasite of geese at Karrak Lake; flea abundance may change in response to increased availability of favorable habitat, which is expected if local climate warms.

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Woodham, Annette. "Snow goose population explosion may threaten Arctic ecosystems." Marine Pollution Bulletin 34, no. 12 (December 1997): 990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0025-326x(97)90120-x.

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Samelius, Gustaf, Ray T. Alisauskas, and Serge Larivière. "Survival rate of experimental food caches: implications for arctic foxes." Canadian Journal of Zoology 85, no. 3 (February 2007): 397–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z07-017.

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Avoiding cache loss is critical to food-hoarding animals. Arctic foxes ( Alopex lagopus (L., 1758)) scatter-hoard thousands of eggs annually at large goose colonies, and we examined how survival rate of experimental caches were influenced by (i) nesting density by geese, (ii) relative proportion of two sympatric goose species, (iii) departure by ca. 1 million geese and their young after hatch, and (iv) age of cache sites. Survival rate of experimental caches was related to age of cache sites in the 1st year of the study (0.80 and 0.56 per 18-day period for caches from new and 1-month-old cache sites, respectively) and departure by geese in the 2nd year of the study (0.98 and 0.74 per 18-day period during and after goose nesting, respectively). These results suggest that food abundance and deterioration of cache sites (e.g., loss of soil cover and partial exposure of caches) were important factors affecting cache loss at our study site. Furthermore, annual variation in the importance of these factors suggests that strategies to prevent cache loss are not fixed in time but vary with existing conditions. Evolution of caching behaviours by arctic foxes may, thus, have been shaped by multiple selective pressures.

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Lecomte, Nicolas, and Marie-Andrée Giroux. "New avian breeding records for Igloolik Island, Nunavut." Canadian Field-Naturalist 129, no. 2 (August 5, 2015): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v129i2.1702.

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New breeding records for three tundra nesting species were documented on the Arctic island of Igloolik (Nunavut, Canada). The species are the Cackling Goose (Branta hutchinsii), the Tundra Swan (Cygnus columbianus), and the Pectoral Sandpiper (Calidris melanotos). These records refine their breeding range in the Canadian Arctic archipelago, while highlighting changes in detected bird communities at specific locations through time.

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9

Gauthier, G. "Trophic Interactions in a High Arctic Snow Goose Colony." Integrative and Comparative Biology 44, no. 2 (April 1, 2004): 119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/44.2.119.

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10

Mariash, Heather L., Paul A. Smith, and Mark Mallory. "Decadal Response of Arctic Freshwaters to Burgeoning Goose Populations." Ecosystems 21, no. 6 (January 16, 2018): 1230–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10021-017-0215-z.

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11

Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Yaroslava E. Kogut, and Ivan N. Bolotov. "Life in the extreme environment: Structure and species richness of bird assemblages on Yuzhny Island of Novaya Zemlya, Russia." Ecologica Montenegrina 39 (January 28, 2021): 46–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2021.39.5.

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Birds play a vital role in arctic environments, being multi-functional ecosystem engineers, but these animals are heavily impacted by recent climate warming. Bird assemblages on the Arctic Ocean archipelagoes are poorly known, because many such areas are hardly accessible to scientists. Novaya Zemlya, one of the most enigmatic places in the World, was a closed military area from the late 1940s. This gigantic mountainous archipelago can be considered a terra incognita by means of modern faunal, taxonomic, and ecological research. In the present study, we provide the first qualitative data on bird assemblages of the Yuzhny Island of Novaya Zemlya, estimate the diversity of bird species through a range of habitats, and underscore environmental factors determining the spatial distribution of avifauna in the arctic tundra biome. In terrestrial habitats, Tundra Bean Goose (Anser fabalis rossicus), Barnacle Goose (Branta leucopsis) and Snow Bunting (Plectrophenax nivalis) were the most abundant species. In freshwater and coastal marine habitats, both these Arctic-breeding goose taxa, and Black-legged Kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla), Common Eider (Somateria mollissima) and Thick-billed Murre (Uria lomvia) were the dominant species. The most species-rich bird assemblages (11-15 species) were associated with willow tundra, freshwater lakes, and coastal sea habitats, while only a few species were recorded in dry rocky habitats, open sea environments, and littoral areas of lakes and the sea. Mountain rocky heathlands covering most of the area of Yuzhny Island were scarcely populated by birds, with only a few species recorded frequently there, such as the Rough-legged Buzzard (Buteo lagopus) and Snow Bunting. Our findings highlight that the bird assemblages on Novaya Zemlya share low species richness and that these assemblages contain a large proportion of sea and shore bird species even in terrestrial habitats. Among the terrestrial birds, only four cold-tolerant, common species successfully colonize these extreme environments during the short summer season.

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12

Flemming, Scott A., Anna Calvert, Erica Nol, and Paul A. Smith. "Do hyperabundant Arctic-nesting geese pose a problem for sympatric species?" Environmental Reviews 24, no. 4 (December 2016): 393–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/er-2016-0007.

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Arctic-breeding geese are at record high population levels and are causing significant changes to some of their breeding and staging habitats. These changes could influence sympatric wildlife, but the nature and strength of these effects are unknown. Here, we review the interactions between geese and sympatric species and propose future research that could help to fill important knowledge gaps. We suggest that geese may be indirectly affecting other species through changes to nesting habitat, prey availability, and predator–prey interactions. Many ground-nesting Arctic birds prefer vegetated wet tundra habitats that offer concealed nest sites; areas also heavily used by breeding and staging geese. Where goose foraging exceeds the capacity of the plants to regenerate, habitats have shorter graminoids and more exposed substrate, potentially reducing the availability of concealed nest sites for other birds. Studies have documented local reductions in the abundance of these concealed-nesting species, such as shorebirds. Despite the nutrient enrichment contributed by goose feces, habitats heavily altered by geese have also been shown to host a reduced diversity and abundance of some invertebrate groups. In contrast, generalist predators show positive functional and numerical responses to the presence of breeding geese. Therefore, the risk of predation for alternative or incidental prey (e.g., lemmings or small bird nests) is likely elevated within or near breeding colonies. Studies have demonstrated a reduced abundance of small mammals in areas heavily used by geese, but it is unknown whether this is related to shared predators or habitat alteration. Sympatric wildlife could be further affected through higher stress-levels, altered body condition, or other physiological effects, but there is currently no evidence to demonstrate such impacts. Few studies have explored the potential effects of geese at larger spatial scales, but we suggest that hyperabundant geese could result in regional declines in the abundance and diversity of shorebirds and passerines. We recommend coordinated studies across multiple regions to quantify nesting habitat, arthropod communities, and predator–prey interactions in response to nearby goose colonies. To align with current multispecies approaches to conservation, adequate knowledge of the potential effects of hyperabundant goose populations on other wildlife should be a priority.

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13

Nissley, Clark, Christopher Williams, and Kenneth F. Abraham. "Ross’s Goose (Chen rossi) Nesting Colony at East Bay, Southampton Island, Nunavut." Canadian Field-Naturalist 130, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v130i1.1786.

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Most Ross’s Geese (Chen rossi) nest in the central arctic of North America, but the range has expanded eastward in the last two decades. In summer 2014, we discovered a cluster of 48 nesting pairs of Ross’s Geese at East Bay Migratory Bird Sanctuary,Southampton Island, Nunavut. The Ross’s Goose colony was between an upland Lesser Snow Goose (Chen caerulescens caerulescens) nesting area and a low-lying Cackling Goose (Branta hutchinsii) and Atlantic Brant (Branta bernicla) nesting area, in a zone dominated by ponds and lakes and interspersed with areas of moss and graminoids. Our discovery documents a previously unknown level of nesting of Ross’s Geese at East Bay and corroborates unpublished evidence of growing numbers of the species on Southampton Island and expansion of its breeding range.

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Gravley, Meg C., George K. Sage, Joel A. Schmutz, and Sandra L. Talbot. "Development of Microsatellite Loci Exhibiting Reverse Ascertainment Bias and a Sexing Marker for use in Emperor Geese (Chen Canagica)." Avian Biology Research 10, no. 4 (November 2017): 201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/175815617x14969254461396.

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The Alaskan population of Emperor Geese ( Chen canagica) nests on the Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta in western Alaska. Numbers of Emperor Geese in Alaska declined from the 1960s to the mid-1980s and since then, their numbers have slowly increased. Low statistical power of microsatellite loci developed in other waterfowl species and used in previous studies of Emperor Geese are unable to confidently assign individual identity. Microsatellite loci for Emperor Goose were therefore developed using shotgun amplification and next-generation sequencing technology. Forty-one microsatellite loci were screened and 14 were found to be polymorphic in Emperor Geese. Only six markers – a combination of four novel loci and two loci developed in other waterfowl species – are needed to identify an individual from among the Alaskan Emperor Goose population. Genetic markers for identifying sex in Emperor Geese were also developed. The 14 novel variable loci and 15 monomorphic loci were screened for polymorphism in four other Arctic-nesting goose species, Black Brant ( Branta bernicla nigricans), Greater White-fronted ( Anser albifrons), Canada ( B. canadensis) and Cackling ( B. hutchinsii) Goose. Emperor Goose exhibited the smallest average number of alleles (3.3) and the lowest expected heterozygosity (0.467). Greater White-fronted Geese exhibited the highest average number of alleles (4.7) and Cackling Geese the highest expected heterozygosity (0.599). Six of the monomorphic loci were variable and able to be characterised in the other goose species assayed, a predicted outcome of reverse ascertainment bias. These findings fail to support the hypothesis of ascertainment bias due to selection of microsatellite markers.

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Samelius, Gustaf, and Ray T. Alisauskas. "Diet and growth of glaucous gulls at a large Arctic goose colony." Canadian Journal of Zoology 77, no. 8 (November 1, 1999): 1327–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z99-091.

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We examined the diet and growth of glaucous gull (Larus hyperboreus) chicks at Karrak Lake goose colony in 1994 and were especially interested in how these factors were affected by geese leaving the colony after goose hatch. Insects and bird prey each occurred in about 80% of regurgitated pellets during the first week after hatch of gulls. Thereafter, the frequency of insects in pellets diminished to <20%, whereas the frequency of bird parts and eggshells increased to about 100 and 80%, respectively, and remained high in gull diets during the 6 weeks of this study. We observed no effect of laying order on the size of gull eggs, nor any effects of chick sequence on growth or survival of chicks, suggesting that food was abundant during egg-laying and possibly early in chick rearing. Overall, both the growth rate and final size of chicks varied among nests, and chicks from small broods grew larger than chicks from large broods. Egg size and hatch date had no effect on growth. We suspect that brood size emerged as an important effect on growth, because food abundance declined as gull chicks grew older and brood competition came in to play.

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RUOKONEN, M., T. AARVAK, and J. MADSEN. "Colonization history of the high-arctic pink-footed goose Anser brachyrhynchus." Molecular Ecology 14, no. 1 (November 19, 2004): 171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294x.2004.02380.x.

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Bazely, Dawn R. "Assessing the impact of goose grazing on vegetation in the Arctic." Ibis 130, no. 2 (April 3, 2008): 301–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919x.1988.tb00983.x.

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Nykänen, Milaja, Hannu Pöysä, Sari Hakkarainen, Tuomas Rajala, Juho Matala, and Mervi Kunnasranta. "Seasonal and diel activity patterns of the endangered taiga bean goose (Anser fabalis fabalis) during the breeding season, monitored with camera traps." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (July 15, 2021): e0254254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254254.

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Taiga bean goose (Anser fabalis fabalis) is an endangered subspecies that breeds sporadically in remote habitats in the arctic and boreal zones. Due to its elusive behaviour, there is a paucity of knowledge on the behaviour of taiga bean goose during the breeding season, and survey methods for monitoring numbers in the breeding areas are lacking. Camera traps are a useful tool for wildlife monitoring, particularly when there is a need for non-invasive methods due to the shy nature of the species. In this study, we tested the use of camera traps to investigate seasonal and diel activity patterns of taiga bean goose in Finland over two successive breeding seasons, 2018 and 2019. We did this by modelling counts of geese from images with generalized linear and additive mixed models. The camera type (cameras placed by experts specialized in bean goose ecology vs randomly placed cameras) did not influence the count of taiga bean goose (p = 0.386). However, the activity varied significantly by region, Julian day, time of day and temperature, with the study site (individual peatland) and year adding substantial random variation and uncertainty in the counts. Altogether, the best fitting model explained nearly 70% of the variation in taiga bean goose activity. The peak in activity occurred about a month later in the southernmost region compared to the more northern regions, which may indicate behaviours related to migration rather than breeding and moulting. Our results show that long-term monitoring with game camera traps provide a potential unobtrusive approach for studying the behavioural patterns of taiga bean goose and can increase our ecological knowledge of this little-known subspecies. The results can be applied to planning of the annual censuses and finding the optimal time frame for their execution.

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Wilson, Deborah J., and Robert G. Bromley. "Functional and numerical responses of predators to cyclic lemming abundance: effects on loss of goose nests." Canadian Journal of Zoology 79, no. 3 (March 1, 2001): 525–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z01-009.

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The alternative-prey hypothesis predicts that predation on goose eggs will be most severe the year following a lemming peak. We tested this by investigating how predators of goose eggs responded to lemming abundance on the Kent Peninsula, Nunavut, Canada, where nest success of white-fronted geese (Anser albifrons frontalis) and Canada geese (Branta canadensis hutchinsii) fluctuates widely. The main predators of both goose eggs and lemmings are arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus), glaucous gulls (Larus hyperboreus), and parasitic jaegers (Stercorarius parasiticus). Foxes responded functionally to lemming density: in prime goose-nesting areas they spent less time foraging during the peak lemming year than during the increase, and were seen foraging in prime nesting areas less often during the peak than during the decline. However, numbers of fox sightings in the study area during the nesting period did not differ significantly among years. The total response (functional × numerical) of gulls was lowest at the lemming peak and highest during the increase. The total response of parasitic jaegers did not vary significantly among years. Hence, we predicted that the number of nests lost to all predators combined should be lowest at the peak and possibly highest during the increase. During the 3 years of this study, loss of Canada goose nests was lowest at the peak but highest during the decline, and annual losses of white-fronted goose nests varied little. In cycles prior to this study, nest loss was high in declines but not particularly low during peaks. Several factors may alter the functional and numerical responses of predators, obscuring the simple pattern of nest loss predicted by the alternative-prey hypothesis.

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McDonald, Ryan S., James D. Roth, and Frank B. Baldwin. "Goose persistence in fall strongly influences Arctic fox diet, but not reproductive success, in the southern Arctic." Polar Research 36, sup1 (August 16, 2017): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17518369.2017.1324652.

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Wilson, Deborah J., and Robert L. Jefferies. "Nitrogen Mineralization, Plant Growth and Goose Herbivory in an Arctic Coastal Ecosystem." Journal of Ecology 84, no. 6 (December 1996): 841. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2960556.

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Reiter, Matthew E., and David E. Andersen. "Arctic Foxes, Lemmings, and Canada Goose Nest Survival at Cape Churchill, Manitoba." Wilson Journal of Ornithology 123, no. 2 (June 2011): 266–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1676/10-097.1.

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Marmillot, Vincent, Gilles Gauthier, Marie-Christine Cadieux, and Pierre Legagneux. "Plasticity in moult speed and timing in an arctic-nesting goose species." Journal of Avian Biology 47, no. 5 (March 11, 2016): 650–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jav.00982.

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Van Geest, G. J., D. O. Hessen, P. Spierenburg, G. A. P. Dahl-Hansen, G. Christensen, P. J. Faerovig, M. Brehm, M. J. J. E. Loonen, and E. Van Donk. "Goose-mediated nutrient enrichment and planktonic grazer control in arctic freshwater ponds." Oecologia 153, no. 3 (July 3, 2007): 653–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-007-0770-7.

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Jefferies, R. L., R. F. Rockwell, and K. F. Abraham. "The embarrassment of riches: agricultural food subsidies, high goose numbers, and loss of Arctic wetlands a continuing saga." Environmental Reviews 11, no. 4 (December 1, 2004): 193–232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/a04-002.

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Agriculture has provided a nutritional subsidy to the Anatidae (swans, geese, ducks), which has affected their trophic relationships and the Arctic wetlands where they breed. The Mid-Continent Population of lesser snow geese, which breeds in the Canadian Arctic and which traditionally wintered in the coastal marshes of the Gulf States, now feeds in agricultural landscapes. The geometric growth of this population since 1970 is coincident with increased application of nitrogen to farmland and high crop yields. Widespread availability of agricultural foods allows the birds to meet much of their energy demand for migration and reproduction. Their migration conforms to a stepping stone model linked to land use, but feeding also takes place upon arrival on the Arctic breeding grounds. High bird numbers have dramatically affected coastal marshes of the Canadian Arctic. Foraging has produced alternative stable states characterized by sward destruction and near irreversible changes in soil properties of exposed sediments. Locally, this loss of resilience has adversely affected different groups of organisms, resulting in an apparent trophic cascade. A spring hunt was introduced in 1999 in an attempt to check population growth. The current annual cull is now thought to be higher than the replacement rate. Much of the decline of the Mid-Continent Population is probably linked to shooting, but the harassment of birds that fail to acquire sufficient food for reproduction may contribute. The agricultural food subsidy has led to a mismatch between this avian herbivore and its environment a consequence of migratory connectivity that links wintering and breeding grounds. Key words: agricultural crops, lesser snow geese, migratory connectivity, Arctic coastal marshes, grubbing, hypersalinity, the spring hunt.

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Fortin, Daniel, Gilles Gauthier, and Jacques Larochelle. "Body Temperature and Resting Behavior of Greater Snow Goose Goslings in the High Arctic." Condor 102, no. 1 (February 1, 2000): 163–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/102.1.163.

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Abstract We examined the control of body temperature during active and resting behaviors in chicks of a large precocial bird, the Greater Snow Goose (Chen caerulescens atlantica), growing in a cold Arctic environment. Imprinted goslings from 4 to 31 days old maintained their mean (± SD) body core temperature within a narrow range around 40.6 ± 0.2°C (range: 38.7–42.2°C), independently of changes in their thermal environment. Average body temperature increased <0.4°C between 4 and 31 days of age. Hypothermia, potentially an energy-saving mechanism, was not used by active goslings. The potential for heat loss to the environment influenced the length of resting bouts in wild goslings. As environmental temperature increased, wild goslings remained sitting alone for longer periods, whereas when it decreased, brooding behavior was prolonged. The time spent huddling increased with the number of goslings involved. Body temperature during huddling bouts measured in imprinted chicks was significantly lower than during periods of activity, showing a rapid decrease averaging 0.8°C at the onset of huddling, followed by a slow recovery before activity was resumed. Thus, huddling behavior was not used as a rewarming mechanism. Greater Snow Goose goslings appear to prioritize metabolic activity by maintaining a high body temperature, despite the high energy costs that may be involved. Social thermoregulation is used to reduce the energy costs entailed by the strict maintenance of homeothermy.

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Lameris, Thomas K., Margje E. de Jong, Michiel P. Boom, Henk P. van der Jeugd, Konstantin E. Litvin, Maarten J. J. E. Loonen, Bart A. Nolet, and Jouke Prop. "Climate warming may affect the optimal timing of reproduction for migratory geese differently in the low and high Arctic." Oecologia 191, no. 4 (October 17, 2019): 1003–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-019-04533-7.

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Abstract Rapid climate warming is driving organisms to advance timing of reproduction with earlier springs, but the rate of advancement shows large variation, even among populations of the same species. In this study, we investigated how the rate of advancement in timing of reproduction with a warming climate varies for barnacle goose (Branta leucopsis) populations breeding at different latitudes in the Arctic. We hypothesized that populations breeding further North are generally more time constrained and, therefore, produce clutches earlier relative to the onset of spring than southern populations. Therefore, with increasing temperatures and a progressive relief of time constraint, we expected latitudinal differences to decrease. For the years 2000–2016, we determined the onset of spring from snow cover data derived from satellite images, and compiled data on egg laying date and reproductive performance in one low-Arctic and two high-Arctic sites. As expected, high-Arctic geese laid their eggs earlier relative to snowmelt than low-Arctic geese. Contrary to expectations, advancement in laying dates was similar in high- and low-Arctic colonies, at a rate of 27% of the advance in date of snowmelt. Although advancement of egg laying did not fully compensate for the advancement of snowmelt, geese laying eggs at intermediate dates in the low Arctic were the most successful breeders. In the high Arctic, however, early nesting geese were the most successful breeders, suggesting that high-Arctic geese have not advanced their laying dates sufficiently to earlier springs. This indicates that high-Arctic geese especially are vulnerable to negative effects of climate warming.

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Layton‐Matthews, Kate, Maarten J. J. E. Loonen, Brage Bremset Hansen, Christophe F. D. Coste, Bernt‐Erik Sæther, and Vidar Grøtan. "Density‐dependent population dynamics of a high Arctic capital breeder, the barnacle goose." Journal of Animal Ecology 88, no. 8 (May 20, 2019): 1191–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.13001.

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Stahl, Julia, Peter H. Tolsma, Maarten J. J. E. Loonen, and Rudolf H. Drent. "Subordinates explore but dominants profit: resource competition in high Arctic barnacle goose flocks." Animal Behaviour 61, no. 1 (January 2001): 257–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbe.2000.1564.

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Tape, Ken D., Paul L. Flint, Brandt W. Meixell, and Benjamin V. Gaglioti. "Inundation, sedimentation, and subsidence creates goose habitat along the Arctic coast of Alaska." Environmental Research Letters 8, no. 4 (December 1, 2013): 045031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/8/4/045031.

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STECH, M., E. KOLVOORT, M. J. J. E. LOONEN, K. VRIELING, and J. D. KRUIJER. "Bryophyte DNA sequences from faeces of an arctic herbivore, barnacle goose (Branta leucopsis)." Molecular Ecology Resources 11, no. 2 (November 10, 2010): 404–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2010.02938.x.

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Samelius, Gustaf, and Ray T. Alisauskas. "Deterring arctic fox predation: the role of parental nest attendance by lesser snow geese." Canadian Journal of Zoology 79, no. 5 (May 1, 2001): 861–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z01-048.

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High parental attendance at nests can improve nesting performance in birds by shortening the nesting period and by deterring predators that do not force birds off of nests. We examined how parental nest attendance by lesser snow geese (Chen caerulescens caerulescens) affected (i) foraging behaviours of arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) and (ii) egg loss by geese exposed to arctic foxes at a large goose colony on Banks Island, N.W.T., Canada. Unattended nests and nests attended by single females suffered much greater egg loss to foxes than nests attended by paired geese. This resulted from foxes attacking unattended nests and single females far more frequently than expected by chance and from geese associated with such nests offering little or no resistance to foxes. Paired geese, in contrast, were avoided by foxes and also showed greater resistance to foxes than single females and unattended nests. Nest attendance by male geese can therefore be important in reducing egg loss to arctic foxes, but it may play an even greater role in reducing egg loss to arctic foxes in small colonies or during colony formation, when the ratio of predators to nests is generally high.

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Badzinski, Shannon S., C. Davison Ankney, James O. Leafloor, and Kenneth F. Abraham. "Composition of Eggs and Neonates of Canada Geese and Lesser Snow Geese." Auk 118, no. 3 (July 1, 2001): 687–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/118.3.687.

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AbstractWe collected eggs, neonates, and adults of Canada Geese (Branta canadensis interior) and Lesser Snow Geese (Chen caerulescens caerulescens) from Akimiski Island, Nunavut, during the 1996 breeding season. This was done to assess interspecific differences in egg composition, egg-nutrient catabolism, developmental maturity, tissue maturity, and body reserves, and to relate observed differences in those variables to ecological conditions historically experienced by Canada Geese and Lesser Snow Geese. Eggs of both species had identical proportional compositions, but Canada Goose embryos catabolized 13% more of their egg protein, whereas Lesser Snow Goose embryos catabolized 9% more of their egg lipid. Neonate Canada Geese and Lesser Snow Geese had similar protein reserves, relative to body size, but Lesser Snow Geese had relatively smaller lipid reserves than did Canada Geese. Relative to conspecific adults, Lesser Snow Goose goslings generally were structurally larger at hatch than were Canada Goose goslings. Neonate Lesser Snow Geese had more developmentally mature keels, wings, and breast muscles, and larger gizzards and caeca for their body size, than did neonate Canada Geese. Despite hatching from smaller eggs and having a shorter period of embryonic growth, skeletal muscles and gizzard tissues of Lesser Snow Geese were more functionally mature than those of Canada Geese. Increased lipid use during embryonic development could account for how Lesser Snow Geese hatched in a more developmentally and functionally mature state. In turn, differences in developmental and functional maturity of Lesser Snow Geese, as compared to Canada Geese, likely are adaptations that offset metabolic costs associated with their small body size, or to selection pressures associated with high arctic environmental conditions and colonial nesting and brood rearing.

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Poussart, Catherine, Gilles Gauthier, and Jacques Larochelle. "Incubation behaviour of greater snow geese in relation to weather conditions." Canadian Journal of Zoology 79, no. 4 (April 1, 2001): 671–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z01-023.

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Based on allometric considerations, goose species with larger body masses should spend more time on their nest during incubation than smaller ones. We documented hourly and daily variations in incubation behaviour of large goose species nesting in the Arctic, the greater snow goose (Chen caerulescens atlantica), and examined the effect of weather conditions on recess frequency and duration. Incubation behaviour was inferred from variations in temperature recorded by adding artificial eggs to clutches. Mean nest attentiveness during the incubation period was 91.4%, indicating that it can be relatively low even for a large goose. Females took 56 recesses/day, which lasted for an average of 22.7 min each. Variability in incubation behaviour over time was greater within females than among females. Recesses were more frequent, and of longer duration, in the afternoon than at night. Females were also less attentive to their nest as incubation progressed, a consequence of both an increase in recess frequency and duration, except in the days before hatching, when nest attentiveness rose abruptly. The relatively low nest attendance of incubating greater snow geese may be a consequence of the opportunity to feed close to the nest during recesses. Weather parameters influenced movements away from the nests in 11 of the 12 females monitored. Females took more recesses when wind velocity was low and, to a lesser extent, when air temperature and solar radiation were high, but the response was quite variable among females. Although females seem to adjust their behaviour in order to limit egg cooling, variations in risk of predation according to time of day may also influence incubation patterns.

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Kotanen, P. M., and R. L. Jefferies. "Responses of arctic sedges to release from grazing: leaf demography of Carex × flavicans." Canadian Journal of Botany 67, no. 5 (May 1, 1989): 1408–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b89-186.

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The responses to herbivory of shoots of the sedge, Carex × flavicans, were investigated at La Pérouse Bay on the Hudson Bay coast in northern Manitoba. Demographic techniques were used to compare the production and turnover of leaves between plants of swards on which adults and goslings of the Lesser Snow Goose (Chen caerulescens caerulescens (L.)) fed and plants of swards from which geese were excluded. Within a growing season, release from grazing resulted in decreased production and turnover, and increased lifespans of leaves. The data indicate that plants of this species have the ability to modify patterns of leaf demography in response to the absence or presence of foraging by geese.

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Henri, Dominique A., Natalie A. Carter, Aupaa Irkok, Shelton Nipisar, Lenny Emiktaut, Bobbie Saviakjuk, Salliq Project Management Committee, et al. "Qanuq ukua kanguit sunialiqpitigu? (What should we do with all of these geese?) Collaborative research to support wildlife co-management and Inuit self-determination." Arctic Science 6, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 173–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2019-0015.

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Inuit living in Nunavut have harvested light geese and lived near goose colonies for generations. Inuit knowledge includes important information about light goose ecology and management that can inform co-management and enhance scientific research and monitoring. Since the 1970s, populations of light geese (Snow and Ross’ Geese; kanguit and kangunnait in Inuktut; Chen caerulescens (Linnaeus, 1758) and Chen rossii (Cassin, 1861)) have experienced significant increases in abundance which led to habitat alteration in some portions of the central and eastern Canadian Arctic. In response to concerns expressed by Inuit and wildlife managers about light goose abundance, we conducted a collaborative research project in Arviat and Salliq (Coral Harbour), Nunavut, aiming to mobilize and document Inuit knowledge about light goose ecology and management in the Kivalliq region. Here, we explore the potential of collaborative research for mobilizing Inuit knowledge to support informed and inclusive decision-making about wildlife resources. First, we describe the participatory research methods employed to explore Inuit-identified management recommendations for light geese and engage co-management partners and research contributors to explore select management options. Then, we present these light goose management recommendations and options. Lastly, we discuss opportunities and challenges around the use of collaborative research to support wildlife co-management and Inuit self-determination. Inuit nunaqaqtut Nunavuumi angunasuksimalirmata kanguqpangnik kangurniglu nunaqarvingita sanianni araagunik unuqtunnik. Inuit qaujimaningat ilaqaqpuq aturnilingnik kanguit niqinginnik mianirijauninginniklu tusaumatitaulutik qaujisarningit mianiriyaunigillu. Taimangat 1970s atuqtilugit, kanguit unirningit (kanguit amma kanguaryuit Inuktut; Chen caerulescens (Linnaeus, 1758) amma Chen rossii (Cassin, 1861)) ayunganaqtukut pisimangmata unulialiqlutik amma niqiqatiarungnauqlutik Kanataup uqiuktaqtunngani. Tamana piblugu Inuit uumayuliriyillu isumaalulirmata kanguit unulualirninginnik, taima qaujisarnirmik pigialauqpugut Arvianni and Sallim (Coral Harbour), Nunavuumi, aulataulutik amma qaujisagaulutik Inuit kaujimajagit kangurnik Kivallirmi. Tavani atuqtuuluaqtunik qaujisarnirmut mianiqsinirmullu pitaqaqpuq Inuit nagminiq isumaliurlutik nirjutinut atugaksanullu. Sivullirmik, qaujisarniup qanuinninga isumagilugu kanguit mianirijauninginut. Amma suli, uqausirilirlugu kanguit mianirijauningat atugaujuuluaqtullu. Kingulirmik, uqausirilugu atuinnaujut amma ajurutaujut qaujisarniup iluanni nirjutinik amma Inuit nagminiq aulatuulualirninginnik.

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Beaulieu, Julien, Gilles Gauthier, and Line Rochefort. "The Growth Response of Graminoid Plants to Goose Grazing in a High Arctic Environment." Journal of Ecology 84, no. 6 (December 1996): 905. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2960561.

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38

Weegman, Mitch D., Stuart Bearhop, Geoff M. Hilton, Alyn Walsh, and Anthony David Fox. "Conditions during adulthood affect cohort-specific reproductive success in an Arctic-nesting goose population." PeerJ 4 (May 24, 2016): e2044. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2044.

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Variation in fitness between individuals in populations may be attributed to differing environmental conditions experienced among birth (or hatch) years (i.e., between cohorts). In this study, we tested whether cohort fitness could also be explained by environmental conditions experienced in years post-hatch, using 736 lifelong resighting histories of Greenland white-fronted geese (Anser albifrons flavirostris) marked in their first winter. Specifically, we tested whether variation in age at first successful reproduction, the size of the first successful brood and the proportion of successful breeders by cohort was explained by environmental conditions experienced on breeding areas in west Greenland during hatch year, those in adulthood prior to successful reproduction and those in the year of successful reproduction, using North Atlantic Oscillation indices as proxies for environmental conditions during these periods. Fifty-nine (8%) of all marked birds reproduced successfully (i.e., were observed on wintering areas with young) only once in their lifetime and 15 (2%) reproduced successfully twice or thrice. Variation in age at first successful reproduction was explained by the environmental conditions experienced during adulthood in the years prior to successful reproduction. Birds bred earliest (mean age 4) when environmental conditions were ‘good’ prior to the year of successful reproduction. Conversely, birds successfully reproduced at older ages (mean age 7) if they experienced adverse conditions prior to the year of successful reproduction. Hatch year conditions and an interaction between those experienced prior to and during the year of successful reproduction explained less (marginally significant) variation in age at first successful reproduction. Environmental conditions did not explain variation in the size of the first successful brood or the proportion of successful breeders. These findings show that conditions during adulthood prior to the year of successful reproduction are most important in determining the age at first successful reproduction in Greenland white-fronted geese. Very few birds bred successfully at all (most only once), which suggests that May environmental conditions on breeding areas have cohort effects that influence lifetime (and not just annual) reproductive success.

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Nolet, Bart A., Silke Bauer, Nicole Feige, Yakov I. Kokorev, Igor Yu Popov, and Barwolt S. Ebbinge. "Faltering lemming cycles reduce productivity and population size of a migratory Arctic goose species." Journal of Animal Ecology 82, no. 4 (February 19, 2013): 804–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12060.

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40

van Oudenhove, Louise, Gilles Gauthier, and Jean-Dominique Lebreton. "Year-round effects of climate on demographic parameters of an arctic-nesting goose species." Journal of Animal Ecology 83, no. 6 (June 2, 2014): 1322–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12230.

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41

Johnson, Fred A., Gitte H. Jensen, Jesper Madsen, and Byron K. Williams. "Uncertainty, robustness, and the value of information in managing an expanding Arctic goose population." Ecological Modelling 273 (February 2014): 186–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2013.10.031.

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42

Jasmin, Jean-Nicolas, Line Rochefort, and Gilles Gauthier. "Goose grazing influences the fine-scale structure of a bryophyte community in arctic wetlands." Polar Biology 31, no. 9 (April 2, 2008): 1043–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-008-0443-y.

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43

Pedersen, Åshild Ø., James D. M. Speed, and Ingunn M. Tombre. "Prevalence of pink-footed goose grubbing in the arctic tundra increases with population expansion." Polar Biology 36, no. 11 (August 14, 2013): 1569–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-013-1374-9.

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Samelius, Gustaf, and Ray T. Alisauskas. "Components of population growth for Arctic foxes at a large Arctic goose colony: the relative contributions of adult survival and recruitment." Polar Research 36, sup1 (August 16, 2017): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17518369.2017.1332948.

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45

Kharitonov, S. P., B. S. Ebbinge, and J. de Fouw. "Brent goose colonies near snowy owls: Internest distances in relation to breeding arctic fox densities." Biology Bulletin 40, no. 1 (January 2013): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s106235901301007x.

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46

Hübner, Christiaane E., Ingunn M. Tombre, and Kjell E. Erikstad. "Adaptive aspects of intraclutch egg-size variation in the High Arctic barnacle goose (Branta leucopsis)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 80, no. 7 (July 1, 2002): 1180–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z02-100.

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The pattern of intraclutch egg-size variation in barnacle goose (Branta leucopsis) clutches and its adaptive implications was studied in Svalbard, Norway, from 1989 to 1998. Egg size was measured in relation to laying sequence, egg predation and hatching order were recorded to determine hatching success of eggs in different laying sequences, and the time when incubation started was examined. Egg size showed a rather consistent pattern, with a large second-laid egg and declining egg size for the remainder of the clutch. The first-laid egg was usually smaller than the second one, except in clutches with two and three eggs. Predation was highest for the first-laid egg, and last-laid eggs hatched last in most cases, although only one last-laid egg was abandoned. Four of six females started incubation before clutch completion. Both the "nutrient-allocation hypothesis" as well as the "early incubation start hypothesis" may contribute to explaining the expressed pattern of intraclutch egg-size variation. The fitness gains due to allocating fewer nutrients to eggs in unfavourable positions in the laying sequence may explain the small size of the first egg, whereas the multiple benefits of an early incubation start may have led to the decline in egg size later in the laying sequence as a mechanism to counteract hatching asynchrony.

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DICKEY, MARIE-HÉLÈNE, GILLES GAUTHIER, and MARIE-CHRISTINE CADIEUX. "Climatic effects on the breeding phenology and reproductive success of an arctic-nesting goose species." Global Change Biology 14, no. 9 (June 28, 2008): 1973–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01622.x.

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Gillespie, Mark A. K., Ingibjörg S. Jónsdóttir, Ian D. Hodkinson, and Elisabeth J. Cooper. "Aphid-willow interactions in a high Arctic ecosystem: responses to raised temperature and goose disturbance." Global Change Biology 19, no. 12 (August 10, 2013): 3698–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12284.

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Pedersen, Åshild Ø., Jennifer Stien, Pernille B. Eidesen, Rolf A. Ims, Jane U. Jepsen, Audun Stien, Ingunn Tombre, and Eva Fuglei. "High goose abundance reduces nest predation risk in a simple rodent-free high-Arctic ecosystem." Polar Biology 41, no. 4 (December 13, 2017): 619–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-017-2223-z.

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Samelius, Gustaf, and Ray T. Alisauskas. "Habitat alteration by geese at a large arctic goose colony: consequences for lemmings and voles." Canadian Journal of Zoology 87, no. 1 (January 2009): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z08-140.

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Heavy grazing by Ross’s geese ( Chen rossi (Cassin, 1861)) and lesser snow geese ( Chen caerulescens (L., 1758)) has resulted in substantial habitat alteration in some parts of the Arctic. However, the influence of these habitat alterations on other animals is poorly understood. We therefore examined how habitat alteration by geese influenced small-mammal (lemmings and voles) abundance at the large goose colony near Karrak Lake, Nunavut, by comparing small-mammal abundance and aboveground biomass of plants inside and outside the colony. Heavy grazing by geese resulted in virtually complete removal of graminoid plants (grasses and sedges) in lowland areas in the colony, which in turn was associated with a reduction in small-mammal abundance of about one order of magnitude compared with that in lowland areas outside the colony. Aboveground biomass of plants in upland areas in the colony was also reduced compared with that in upland areas outside the colony, although this reduction was less pronounced than that in lowland areas in the colony. Moreover, this reduction was not associated with a reduction in small-mammal abundance. There was, thus, a strong negative correlation between habitat alteration by geese and distribution and abundance of small mammals at this colony.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Arctic; Goose'

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