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1
Mosa, Elena. "L’uso degli ambienti fisici e virtuali durante l’emergenza sanitaria." IUL Research 3, no. 6 (December 21, 2022): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.57568/iulres.v3i6.332.
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Il contributo si basa sui dati raccolti nel corso dell’indagine “Impatto della Pandemia sulle Pratiche Didattiche e Organizzative delle Scuole Italiane nell’Anno Scolastico 2020/21” condotta da Indire su un campione statisticamente rappresentativo. La survey richiama le dimensioni dei framework europei DigCompOrg e DigCompEdu, ovvero: 1) Modalità didattiche 2) Valutazione 3) Supporti e risorse per la didattica 4) Spazi, infrastrutture e tecnologie 5) Formazione continua 6) Organizzazione e leadership scolastica 7) Collaborazione e networking. Il rispondenti all’indagine sono stati 2.546 docenti variamente distribuiti sul territorio nazionale e rappresentativi della scuola primaria, secondaria di I e di II grado. Nello specifico, l’articolo intende approfondire i risultati relativi alla dimensione “spazi, infrastrutture e tecnologie” con l’obiettivo di analizzare l’uso degli spazi scolastici interni ed esterni all’edificio anche in modalità integrata e potenziata dagli ambienti on line. Come è noto, gli spazi e le infrastrutture tecnologiche hanno ricoperto un ruolo fondamentale durante la pandemia. I primi, perché sono risultati essenziali al fine di garantire il distanziamento sociale minimo nel rispetto dei provvedimenti sanitari emanati dal CTS. Le infrastrutture e le tecnologie, inoltre, si sono rivelate essere la conditio sine qua non per garantire le attività didattiche nei vari assetti: in presenza, online o a classi ibride. Assicurare un device a tutti, disporre di connessioni sufficientemente robuste da consentire molteplici accessi in contemporanea (a casa, come a scuola) sono state alcune delle principali sfide fin dai primi giorni di lockdown. Al perdurare dell’emergenza sanitaria e dei relativi provvedimenti necessari al contingentamento della diffusione del virus, si sono poste anche questioni legate alla disponibilità di ambienti domestici dedicati per consentire il corretto svolgimento delle attività didattiche. Ambienti che, non di rado, risultavano inidonei se, ad esempio, dovevano essere condivisi con altri fratelli o sorelle o con i genitori in smart working. I patti educativi di comunità sono stati richiamati nel Piano Scuola 2020/21 al fine di incoraggiare collaborazioni virtuose tra scuola e territorio e rafforzare l’alleanza educativa, civile e sociale tra le scuole e le comunità educanti, anche in relazione al quadro di complessità generato dalla pandemia. Il Piano 2020/21 specifica, tra i vari obiettivi, la messa a disposizione di altre strutture o spazi, come parchi, teatri, biblioteche, archivi, cinema, musei, per svolgere attività didattiche complementari a quelle tradizionali. Si è pertanto inteso indagare la tipologia e la frequenza di utilizzo di ambienti diversi dall’aula scolastica e le motivazioni che hanno sotteso a tali scelte. Il contributo intende fornire una sintesi e una riflessione critica a partire dai dati emersi dal questionario.
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Berrocal Tomé, Francisco Javier. "Los primeros establecimientos benéfico-sanitarios y la reorganización hospitalaria, origen del Hospital de Antequera." Temperamentvm 18 (September 5, 2022): e13380. http://dx.doi.org/10.58807/tmptvm20225126.
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El objetivo principal es describir la situación benéfico-sanitaria de Antequera y el origen del hospital de Antequera durante el siglo XVI y la aplicación en esta ciudad de la reducción hospitalaria durante el reinado de Felipe II, con el fin de solucionar los problemas sanitarios, muy común en todo el territorio español de la época. Se han utilizado diversas fuentes documentales principalmente procedentes del Archivo Histórico Municipal de Antequera.
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Molina del Villar, América. "Vivir en la orfandad, pobreza y hacinamiento. Los asilos constitucionalistas y las condiciones de vida y salud de los niños en la ciudad de México, 1915-1918." Estudios de Historia Moderna y Contemporánea de México, no. 55 (December 12, 2018): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/iih.24485004e.2018.55.64521.
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En este trabajo analizamos las condiciones de vida al interior de los asilos constitucionalistas que fueron inaugurados durante el gobierno de Venustiano Carranza. Su creación formó parte de la campaña sanitaria y de beneficencia de la gestión de este personaje de la revolución. Al igual que el férreo combate contra el hambre y la epidemia de tifo de 1915 y 1916, la creación de estos albergues fue ampliamente publicitada en la prensa como un gran logro del gobierno de Carranza. Nuestro objetivo es presentar un panorama general sobre la situación de los asilos, su funcionamiento, tipos de población, condiciones materiales, sanitarias y algunas causas sobre su cierre definitivo en 1918, lo cual podemos atribuir a problemas presupuestales, pobreza y sus deplorables condiciones sanitarias. El estudio se apoya en material de archivo, informes, boletines y en la prensa.
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Atenza Fernández, Juan, Rubén Mirón González, and Benito Díaz Díaz. "Asistencia sanitaria y salud pública en Talavera de la Reina durante la Guerra Civil (1936-1939)." Asclepio 71, no. 2 (November 25, 2019): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/asclepio.2019.23.
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El presente trabajo pretende analizar de forma integrada los efectos de la guerra civil española sobre la población y los servicios sanitarios de Talavera de la Reina, ciudad clave en el desarrollo de la contienda debido a su ubicación geográfica entre Andalucía occidental, Extremadura y Madrid. Para ello, se ha trabajado con documentación del Archivo Municipal de Talavera de la Reina, del Archivo del Centro Secundario de Higiene Rural de Talavera de la Reina, del Archivo Histórico Provincial de Toledo y del Archivo General Militar de Ávila. En primer lugar, se presenta el grupo de cinco hospitales militares que funcionaron en la ciudad, su organización y actividad, reconstruida a partir de los diferentes modelos de fichas utilizadas. La actividad preventiva se analiza desde dos puntos de vista, las órdenes emanadas de la autoridad militar, centradas en la higiene, alimentación y prevención de enfermedades infecciosas, y las actuaciones llevadas a cabo por las autoridades locales, centradas en asegurar un correcto abastecimiento de agua y recogida de residuos. Además, se expone la situación insalubre de las prisiones de la ciudad, siendo un claro ejemplo del estado sanitario del momento.
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Marchant Rivera, Alicia, and Ana Barrena Gómez. "Documentos para la memoria sanitaria: los partes de enfermos del Hospital Noble de Málaga, año 1874." Documenta & Instrumenta - Documenta et Instrumenta 19 (April 15, 2021): 149–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/docu.75472.
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Los partes de enfermos del Hospital Noble de Málaga constituyen un pequeño grupo do-cumental que actualmente se encuentra en la sección beneficencia y sanidad del Archivo Municipal de la ciudad. El objeto de estudio principal de este artículo se vertebra en el análisis de esta tipología documental, así como en sacar a la luz la información que nos muestra sobre la atención sanitaria realizada a los vecinos de la ciudad y a la gente de la mar, que sin importar nacionalidad o circunstan-cias eran atendidos e ingresados en dicha institución sanitaria. El año 1874 será el último en el que el Hospital Noble aún ostente titularidad privada, de ahí la cohesión archivística de estas unidades do-cumentales producidas en contextos de necesidad y de urgencia. Las distintas fuentes documentales y bibliográficas empleadas contextualizarán el devenir de esta institución, creada en memoria del médi-co británico Josef William Noble, al igual que permitirán comprobar el avance científico-sanitario que se empieza a lograr en la ciudad durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX.
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Moll Blanes, Isabel. "Algunos aspectos de la organización de la asistencia sanitaria en la mallorca rural, siglos XVIII y XIX." Texto & Contexto - Enfermagem 14, no. 4 (December 2005): 469–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-07072005000400002.
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El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en mostrar la existencia, al menos desde mediados del ochocientos, de dos redes de asistencia sanitaria en el mundo rural mallorquín. Una formada por profesionales sanitarios como médicos y farmacéuticos, encuadrados en el marco de la administración local. Otra formada por religiosas pertenecientes a congregaciones femeninas dedicadas a la educación infantil y juvenil, asi como al cuidado de enfermos. La documentación procede por lo que se refiere a los médicos, de listas aparecidas en el Semanario Económico de Mallorca (1779-1820) y en el Boletín Oficial de la Provincia (desde 1834); por lo que se refiere a la población religiosa a fondos procedentes del Archivo Diocesano de Mallorca y de los Archivos de los respectivos conventos.
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Correa Gómez, María José, and Pablo Chávez Zúñiga. "El Laboratorio químico municipal de Antofagasta. Higiene alimentaria y gobierno local en el norte salitrero. Chile, 1894-1906." Estudios Atacameños 68 (March 17, 2022): e4771. http://dx.doi.org/10.22199/issn.0718-1043-2022-0001.
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El artículo estudia el Laboratorio Químico Municipal de Antofagasta, en el norte minero chileno, entre 1894 y 1906. A través de documentos del Archivo Municipal de la ciudad, de la prensa local y de revistas de higiene nacionales, analiza algunas particularidades de la nueva política alimentaria inaugurada por la institución en la provincia y su aporte sanitario en un territorio incorporado recientemente al país. Propone que la temprana creación del laboratorio, que respondió a necesidades relevantes de la zona salitrera, le otorgó a esta institución características especiales, y también lo integró con procesos más generales de control alimentario a nivel nacional. En este contexto, el laboratorio funcionó como instancia emergente que estableció estándares de higiene y seguridad alimentaria, así como políticas y prácticas científicas específicas, con limitaciones vinculadas con la precariedad de la intervención sanitaria y con los problemas sociopolíticos más estructurales enfrentados por la sociedad pampina.
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Orefice, Carlo. "El archivo histórico del antiguo hospital neuropsiquiátrico de Arezzo: breves instrucciones de uso en clave educativa para profesionales de la salud y del cuidado." Documentación de las Ciencias de la Información 45, no. 2 (May 23, 2022): 245–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/dcin.80877.
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La Universidad de Siena conserva el archivo histórico del antiguo hospital neuropsiquiátrico de Arezzo (1901-1990) con el objetivo de preservar, reorganizar, estudiar y mejorar el material (administrativo, sanitario, audiovisual, iconográfico) presente. El artículo reflexiona sobre el posible "uso educativo" de esta pluralidad de materiales y sobre la necesidad de que el Archivo se siga definiendo como un espacio de investigación-intervención multidisciplinar para todos aquellos sujetos (especialmente profesionales de la salud y del cuidado) interesados en conocer y explorar la relación entre la enfermedad mental y el internamiento en un hospital psiquiátrico.
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Malleville, Sofía, and Anabel Beliera. "“Enfermería dice basta”. Heterogeneidad laboral y conflicto gremial en enfermería." Zona Franca, no. 30 (December 22, 2022): 175–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.35305/zf.vi30.238.
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En este trabajo analizaremos la conflictividad laboral de la enfermería en la ciudad de La Plata entre marzo del año 2020 y marzo del año 2021, en el marco de la pandemia de COVID-19. La crisis sanitaria puso en el centro de la escena al personal de salud y, en especial a quienes se encargan de las tareas de cuidado, como es el caso de la enfermería. Sin embargo, también se evidenciaron las falencias en las condiciones laborales de este grupo, tanto en el sector público como privado. Argumentaremos entonces que la heterogeneidad del sector salud y sus implicancias en la conformación del colectivo de enfermería hacen que, incluso en una misma ciudad, las demandas y las organizaciones en donde canalizar dichos reclamos sean diversas. Asimismo, señalaremos que la pandemia, movilizó otras formas de organización colectiva por fuera de los sindicatos que tradicionalmente representan a la enfermería. Para ello, analizaremos los datos construidos en el marco del proyecto de investigación PISAC-COVID “La enfermería y los cuidados sanitarios profesionales durante la pandemia y la postpandemia del COVID-19”. Puntualmente, nos serviremos del análisis del archivo de prensa construido en base a noticias sobre enfermería en la ciudad de La Plata.
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Gorlova, Natalya I. "Historical Overview of Volunteer Practices in the Health Care System in the 1920s–70s: Materials from the State Archive of the Russian Federation and the Central State Archive of Moscow." Herald of an archivist, no. 3 (2022): 715–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2022-3-715-728.
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Turning to archival materials continues the Russian archivists’ tradition, developed in the recent decades, to introduce into scientific use documents of key importance for understanding the Soviet history and its episodes, including those related to socially significant activities of voluntary activists in the field of healthcare under the auspices of the Union of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies of the USSR. The chronological frameworks of the undertaken research is 1920–70s. The author aims to review documentary sources that reflect the activities of the Society's activists acting on voluntary and gratuitous basis. The work actualizes the problem of evolution of the sectorial sphere of volunteer labor application from historical point of view. In its activities during the studied period, the Society used traditional organizational forms and sought out new ones for social mobilization of the population's participation in gratuitous donor movement and its promotion, sanitary improvement of cities and villages, improvement and popularization of sanitary culture at work and home, public sanitary control, preventive measures and combating the spread of infectious diseases, etc. The empirical base of the study is formed by materials from the State Archive of the Russian Federation and the Central State Archive of Moscow. The body of sources on the subject analyzed by the author is distinguished by its diversity (minutes of meetings of the executive committee plenums, operational meetings, transcripts, certificates, annual reports on core activities, etc.); it permits to highlight the diverse activities, forms and methods of the Society's activists’ work, as well as to trace the process of institutionalization of the profile direction in the national volunteer movement in the field of healthcare. The author has introduced unique archival documents into scientific use. The methodological basis of the work is principle of historicism, systematic nature of scientific analysis, objectivity, integrated use of a wide range of sources, which has made it possible to consider the volunteer practices of socially significant activity in the healthcare system in the process of its formation and development, in the context of historical conditionality and continuity of its development. The article takes on particular importance in connection with systematic development and popularization of medical volunteering in modern Russia, which takes into account the rich historical experience and heritage of the USSR.
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Charlton, Ed. "Trashing Johannesburg: Ponte City-as-archive of everyday loss." cultural geographies 27, no. 2 (August 23, 2019): 277–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1474474019871636.
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Trash is rarely just trash. As cultural geography regularly insists, it is also often relational and resourceful, poetic even. It is, in short, a material of rich aesthetic and political value. But what of this relational geography is left when a space is cleaned up? What is lost? In Johannesburg, a city that has long prospered, spatially at least, through habitual cycles of rubbish and renewal, the impulse towards the sanitary has historically betrayed its tendency towards racial exclusion and erasure. As the city labours once again to clean up its self-image, I explore the everyday absence this pattern produces as well as the aesthetic interventions that this geography otherwise enables. In Mikhael Subotzky and Patrick Waterhouse’s part-visual, part-textual exhibition Ponte City (2014), I locate a mode of melancholy representation that gives creative, specifically archival form to the ordinary loss imposed upon Johannesburg’s tallest residential tower as part of its aborted redevelopment in 2007. In this, I attempt to reorient cultural geography’s attention away from the materiality of trash, reflecting, instead, on the allied abundance of its absence.
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Luis, Natalia Mabel, and Silvia Augusta Cirvini. "Políticas sanitarias durante el Lencinismo (1918-1928). El proyecto de Hospital de niños de Mendoza." Revista de Historia de América, no. 160 (December 11, 2020): 207–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.35424/rha.160.2021.487.
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En este artículo se propone analizar la formulación de políticas públicas de salubridad en Mendoza durante el período de gobernaciones lencinistas (1918-1928). Estos gobiernos propusieron ampliar la infraestructura médico-sanitaria en la capital provincial y sostuvieron como prioridad su extensión y desarrollo en los departamentos de la periferia, con el fin de hacer accesible la asistencia a la población que residía en zonas alejadas. Particularmente, se expone el caso del proyecto de construcción de un Hospital pediátrico ideado por el arquitecto Raúl Álvarez en 1927, propuesto como respuesta a la expansión de enfermedades con elevado índice de mortalidad infantil.
La producción arquitectónica derivada de estas políticas sanitarias estuvo vinculada a un cambio de modalidad en la relación entre técnica y política, por lo cual se promovió la realización de concursos y la contratación de profesionales para la realización de obras públicas, en un contexto signado por una mayor regulación del ejercicio de diferentes profesiones liberales (arquitectura, ingeniería, actividades curativas).
Se consultaron diversas fuentes: proyectos de ley y debates parlamentarios en los diarios de sesiones legislativas (Archivo de la Legislatura de Mendoza), prensa local de diverso signo: La Palabra, Los Andes, y El Socialista. Además, se utilizó la Memoria del Ministerio de obras públicas correspondiente a 1922-1923, la Memoria de la Dirección de Salubridad correspondiente a 1927 (Biblioteca Pública General San Martín), y Anuarios estadísticos del período analizado (Dirección General de Estadísticas de Mendoza).
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Ortiz Sotelo, Jorge. "Presentación." Revista del Archivo General de la Nación 34, no. 2 (December 20, 2019): 9–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.37840/ragn.v34i2.92.
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El presente número de la Revista del Archivo General de la Nación corresponde al segundo semestre del año 2019, habiendo tocado a la presente gestión culminar la labor iniciada por la precedente. Se contaba con varios artículos, pero la labor editorial, necesariamente lenta si se quiere hacer con cuidado, se tornó más compleja debido a la crisis sanitaria por la que aún atravesamos. Es por ello que ha tomado algunos meses preparar el número que hoy se pone en circulación.
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Korshunov, Eduard L., and Aleksandr I. Rupasov. "Archive of the Navy — Branch of the Central Archive of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation: Stages of History." Herald of an archivist, no. 3 (2018): 915–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2018-3-915-925.
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The article reviews creation of the departmental archive of the National Commissariat of the Navy (1937) and its functioning to this day. ‘The Statute of the Branch of the Central Archive of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation (Archive of Navy)’ was adopted on February 20, 2013. According to this document the Archive of Navy became a subdivision of the Central Archive of the Ministry of Defense, deployed separately and functioning independently. The departmental archive began its acquisition in September 1940. Satisfactory execution of functions by Archive was impeded by multiple changes in the structure of the Directorate of the Peoples’ Commissariat of the Navy, which complicated processing of documents entering the storage. Tasks of the Archive were reduced to the following: to control files condition and document destruction; to compile lists of documents with terms of their storage; to inspect the state of archiving in the Navy; to advise archives and records management offices of central directorates (departments) of the Peoples’ Commissariat of the Navy on formation and registration of files and their transfer to archive; to enter documents of the central directorates (departments) on storage; to track and safeguard documents. On the eve the Great Patriotic War transfer of document from fleet, flotillas, and naval bases was in its initial stage. The first months of the Great Patriotic War prompted evacuation of archival fonds from Moscow to Ulyanovsk (August 1941). By January 1945 these numbered 26550 files and 1234 bags of unsorted documents. At the end of war the Archive was relocated from Ulyanovsk to Leningrad, and then to Kronstadt (1947). In 1950s the Archive continued moving to new places — to Pushkin, to Leningrad, to Gatchina (1961). The fonds of the Archive store unique documents of the Peoples’ Commissariat and Ministry of the Navy, governing bodies under the Commander-In-Chief of the Navy, research establishments, Navy schools, river flotillas, materials on ships and submarines, air force, marines, coastal and anti-aircraft defense, rear, hydrographic, medical and sanitary, and other services. Of great interest for researchers are documents of the General Staff of the Navy.
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Ugryumova, M. V., and M. V. Fomenko. "Documenting the prevention and struggle of the Moscow zemstvo with cholera in the second half of the XIX – early XX centuries." Bulletin of Nizhnevartovsk State University, no. 4 (December 20, 2020): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.36906/2311-4444/20-4/14.
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Based on the analysis of archival materials and periodical zemstvo publications, the process of documenting the work of zemstvo institutions in the Moscow province in the prevention and control of cholera epidemics in the second half of the XIX early XX centuries is studied, and documents on the activities of individual County zemstvos are considered. Various groups of archival documents from the collections of the Central state archive of Moscow are analyzed, which comprehensively reveal the difficulties of fighting and preventive measures aimed at preserving the health of the population of the Moscow province in the second half of the XIX century at the beginning of the twentieth century: minutes of meetings of zemstvo assemblies, divisions of the zemstvo responsible for fighting epidemics (first of all, the Sanitary Bureau of the Moscow zemstvo), acts of inspections of the rural population, memoirs of zemstvo doctors, epistolary documents (memories are of primary importance, including personal records of the Governor F.V. Dzhunkovsky, the head of the Moscow zemstvo sanitary Bureau P.I. Kurkin). The results of the formation and development of documentation support for Moscow zemstvo epidemiological medicine in the system of General national health care, aimed at comprehensive protection of public health, its protection and preservation, are summarized. Stressed the paramount importance of the collection of the Moscow provincial Council and district zemstvo in Moscow province, deposited in Central state archive of Moscow, to recreate a complete picture of the formation and development of zemstvo medicine in the Moscow province.
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Solovyanova, Marina V. "Measures Taken by the Soviet Government to Eliminate Social Infectious Diseases in Russia in 1917-1922 (Based on the Materials of the State Archive of the Kursk Region)." Proceedings of the Southwest State University. Series: History and Law 11, no. 6 (2021): 267–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21869/2223-1501-2021-11-6-267-274.
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The relevance of the coronavirus pandemic has shown that the state at the present stage is faced with the same problems that the Soviet government faced during its arrival: a surge in social infectious diseases, high mortality, lack of necessary medicines, vaccines, especially in rural areas. Despite the simultaneous spread of many social infectious diseases, the activities of the Soviet government in the fight against epidemics had a positive experience that will allow us to find a solution to today's problems. The purpose of the article is to study measures to combat social diseases in the Kursk province in 1917-1922. The objectives follow from the purpose of the article and consist in the disclosure of historical problems and their solution in the fight against epidemiological diseases in the period 1917 - 1922 in accordance with the normative doc-uments of the Soviet government. Methodology. The work is based on methods of analysis and synthesis, as well as historical-comparative, his-torical-legal methods. Results. In the period 1917-1922 . Kursk province found itself in a hotbed of social infectious diseases. Instruc-tions from the Center for the Organization of Measures to combat epidemics and their prevention were carried out mainly circularly due to the lack of a sanitary and epidemiological legislative framework. Vaccination, to which all categories of citizens were subject, played an important role. Those who refused vaccination were legally responsible. The medical staff kept strict records of the vaccinated. The approval of the "Regulations on Sanitary and epidemiological sub-departments" of 1921, which began to guide all sanitary and epidemiological workers, clarified the activities of medical workers. The Decree of September 15, 1922 "On the sanitary authorities of the Republic" was the main document that determined all the further development of the sanitary and epidemiological service of the country. Conclusions. The measures of the Soviet government in the fight against epidemics were effective enough to ensure the reduction of cases of social infectious diseases in the Kursk province, and subsequently the elimination of epidemics. Thus, the considered topic is relevant in modern conditions of coronavirus.
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Sirotko, M. L., S. A. Suslin, R. I. Ginnyatulina, and L. V. Abolyan. "The first steps of the Zemstvo sanitary inspector N. A. Semashko in fight with epidemics in the Novouzensk Uyezd of the Samara Guberniya." Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine 30, no. 6 (December 15, 2022): 1383–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.32687/0869-866x-2022-30-6-1383-1388.
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The personality of N. A. Semashko presents incontestable interest as health care official and ideologist of the Soviet health care system who contributed significantly into development of health care. Great number of studies are devoted to analysis of activities of N. A. Semashko in the Soviet period holding position of the First People's Commissar of health care of the RSFSR, initiator and head of the chair of Social hygiene of the Medical Faculty of the First Moscow State University. The studies related to pre-revolutionary period of life of N. A. Semashko are presented in less degree. The article describes, on the basis of publications and archive sources (documents from the Central State Archive of the Samara Oblast, the foundations of the Russian State Library and also the family archive of E. G. Farobina, grand-daughter of N. A. Semashko) the period of life and and activity of N. A. Semashko in the Samara Gubernia after graduating the medical faculty of the Imperial Kazan University. In 1901-1902, after short training in bacteriological laboratory of the Samara Gubernia Zemstvo Hospital and appointment to the post of sanitary and epidemiological doctor of the Zemstvo, N. A. Semashko was directly involved in elimination of epidemics of diphtheria in Orlov Guy village and of anthrax in Alexandria village of the Novouzensky Uezd. The dangerous epidemics were eliminated owing to outstanding medical knowledge, courage and organizational skills of young doctor.
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Suárez-Guzmán, Francisco Javier, and Diego Peral Pacheco. "Los veterinarios titulares de Jerez de los Caballeros (Badajoz, España) durante el siglo XIX." Revista de Medicina Veterinaria, no. 31 (December 27, 2015): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.19052/mv.3713.
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Los veterinarios recibieron diferentes denominaciones a lo largo del siglo XIX en España: albéitares, herradores, castradores, mariscales, etc., y no fueron reconocidos laboral y socialmente hasta el siglo XX. En 1850 se les ceden responsabilidades sanitario-zootécnicas, aunque muchos siguieron practicando el herrado. Con la creación de las escuelas de veterinaria, se plantan las bases de la veterinaria moderna en España, lo cual le da trascendencia en la salud pública, sobre todo en figuras como el subdelegado veterinario y el inspector de carnes, al entender las repercusiones que las enfermedades que sufren los animales tienen en la población que consume sus carnes. Mediante el estudio del Archivo Histórico de Jerez de los Caballeros (Badajoz, España) se ha podido analizar cómo vivieron y trabajaron los profesionales de la veterinaria en la población durante el siglo XIX. Se observa cómo se asentaban o marchaban de la ciudad, cómo atendían las epidemias que sufrían los animales para el consumo humano y cómo sufrían las dificultades económicas de la época y del Ayuntamiento. La destrucción y pérdida de parte del Archivo dificulta la obtención de más datos.
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Manzano, Maribel, and Santiago García-Jalón. "Presentación." Cauriensia. Revista anual de Ciencias Eclesiásticas 17 (December 20, 2022): 1099–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.17398/2340-4256.17.1099.
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Los autores presentan los textos que fueron leídos en un ciclo de conferencias telemáticas que tuvo lugar en febrero y marzo de 2021. Concebido originalmente como un Congreso presencial, la situación sanitaria obligó a celebrar el evento con un nuevo formato. Las conferencias están destinadas a repasar la historia de la Acción Católica Española, de manera que sirvan como marco para presentar las tareas que se están cumpliendo en la Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca con el archivo de la ACE en ella depositado. Los autores de esta presentación repasan y valoran la bibliografía existente sobre el archivo y ofrecen un breve sumario del contenido de las conferencias
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Astashov, Aleksandr B. "MEDICAL NURSES DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR. DAILY LIFE AND WORK." RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. "Literary Theory. Linguistics. Cultural Studies" Series, no. 10 (2020): 118–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2686-7249-2020-10-118-134.
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The article presents the reconstruction essay on the life world of a large professional and social medical nurses corporation during the First World War. The research is based on extensive first-time archive material. The main social and anthropological characteristics of medical nurses are presented: the number, age, education, psychological types, activities of the nursing organization, nurses’ relations with various, higher and lower, groups of the Red Cross employees, soldiers, officers, public attitudes towards the nursing corporation. The research focuses on the analysis of the world of life through the prism of the daily military and sanitary activities of that group, what was dictated by the work technology caused by the total war.
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Toso, Giorgio. "«Il morbo continua a regnare». La peste in Tunisia tra il 1818 e il 1820 nelle relazioni del Console sabaudo Gaetano Palma di Borgofranco." STORIA URBANA, no. 168 (November 2021): 51–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/su2021-168003.
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La Reggenza di Tunisi fu colpita tra il 1818 e il 1820 da una grave epidemia di peste, che causò la morte di migliaia di persone. In questo contesto, i Consoli degli Stati europei presenti nel Paese nordafricano riportarono, nelle relazioni dirette ai loro governi, notizie relative alla diffusione e all'andamento del contagio, alla mortalità e alle misure adottate dalle autorità tunisine durante l'emergenza: per quanto viziate talvolta da pregiudizi o imprecisioni, queste relazioni rappresentano una testimonianza diretta sulla peste in Tunisia e sui suoi effetti. In questa sede si presentano i riferimenti all'epidemia nelle relazioni del Console sabaudo a Tunisi, Gaetano Palma di Borgofranco, con un'attenzione particolare per l'immagine, tendenzialmente negativa, del governo e della popolazione tunisini. Attraverso l'analisi di documenti conservati presso gli Archivi di Stato di Genova e Torino emergono quindi non solo i dati pratici relativi all'epidemia ma anche le idee e gli atteggiamenti di un diplomatico europeo ottocentesco nei confronti di una società musulmana nel corso di un'emergenza sanitaria.
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Glazunova, T. V., and V. V. Germizeeva. "REPORT OF THE SANITARY INSPECTOR ON THE MEDICAL EXAMINATION OF THE PRINTING WORKERS OF OMSK IN 1923." Northern Archives and Expeditions 5, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31806/2542-1158-2021-5-2-56-64.
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This paper presents an unpublished source that examines the state of health of workers of Omsk printing houses in the period of the new economic policy. At present, the study of the social sphere of the early 1920s, when the origin and formation of social development in Russia took place, is of great importance. The authors review a range of studies devoted not only to the health care system and the influence of the principles of NEP in the formation of social policy of the Soviet government, but also the hygienic characteristics of work and health workers to identify occupations and disease risk, and so on. In the early 1920s, in the context of the difficult economic situation in the country, government agencies carried out activities aimed at studying jobs, the health of employees, and their medical care. During the study period, the work of labor protection was of great importance, the sanitary inspectors of which were engaged in assessing the sanitary and hygienic state of enterprises, as well as examining the state of health of workers together with doctors. The method of historicism was used in the work, which allowed us to analyze the material in accordance with the real meaning of the facts, to consider the report under study taking into account the specific historical conditionality. The published document is kept in the Historical archive of the Omsk region and contains information about the medical examination of workers of the printing industry in the summer of 1923. The report was compiled by the sanitary inspector of labor protection of Omsk based on the results of a survey of five printing houses, as a result of which 254 people were examined. Among the main diseases found in printing workers were: lung and heart diseases, lead poisoning, typhus. The publication is addressed to researchers of the history of industry, the development of health care, the sanitary state of cities and the health of workers in Western Siberia in the early 1920s.
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Semenova, Elena Nikolaevna, and Mikhail Aleksandrovich Semenov. "Medical and Sanitary Service of the Civil Air Fleet of the USSR during the Great Patriotic War." Genesis: исторические исследования, no. 12 (December 2022): 204–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-868x.2022.12.39535.
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The subject of the research of the article is the development during the Great Patriotic War of the medical and sanitary service of the main directorate of the Civil Air Fleet, as well as the versatile activities carried out by it to preserve the health of passengers and civil aviation workers. The article is based on statistical reports of the Medical and sanitary Administration of the Civil Air Fleet, stored in the Russian State Archive of Economics (RGAE). The study allows us to form a comprehensive picture of the dynamics of various types of medical institutions of the medical and sanitary service of civil aviation, the state of their staffing, the contribution of departmental public health of civil aviation to the preservation of life and health of citizens of the Soviet Union in difficult wartime. The main conclusion of the study is that during the war there was a serious development of the medical system of the Civil Air Fleet before the war, which was essentially in its infancy. The design of its structure was accompanied by the struggle of various ideas, sometimes the medical network began to copy the development of the civil health network, creating an extensive network of hospitals, sometimes it went to risky experiments, such as the transformation of all outpatient clinics into polyclinics. Nevertheless, by the end of the war, the concept of providing basic medical care in urgent cases was established through medical inpatient facilities, health centers and medical units of airports, and the concentration of assistance, primarily to the personnel of the GVF, in a system of sufficiently powerful outpatient clinics.
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Perevalov, Y. O., I. O. Pokhodenko-Chudakova, A. S. Lastovka, E. S. Yadchenko, V. V. Gorbachev, M. S. Kosova, A. A. Kabanava, and N. A. Averchankava. "HIGHER MEDICAL EDUCATION OF THE BSSR: MAIN ASPECTS OF ASSISTANCE TO PRACTICAL HEALTH CARE IN THE 1950s AND 1960s." Vestnik of Vitebsk State Medical University 20, no. 2 (April 15, 2021): 104–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.22263/2312-4156.2021.2.104.
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During the period of the 1950s and 1960s, higher medical education occupied one of the key positions in the health care system of the BSSR. After overcoming the medical and sanitary consequences of the Great Patriotic war and restoring fixed assets, the BSSR health care system faced further challenges to increase the amount of medical institutions and the number of doctors, and to improve the quality of providing medical care to the population. All these and many other tasks could not be solved without the comprehensive assistance of higher medical education. The purpose of the study is to show the key stages of the development of higher medical education in the BSSR in the field of practical health care in the 1950s and 1960s. The research was carried out on the basis of archival data stored in the collections of the National Archive of the Republic of Belarus, the State Archive of Vitebsk Region, scientific and historical literature from the National Library of the Republic of Belarus, the Vitebsk Regional Library named after V. I. Lenin, as well as information already introduced into scientific parlance. Special historical methods were used in this study: historical-genetic, historical-comparative, and historical-systemic.
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Lalević-Vasić, Bosiljka M. "History of dermatology and venereology in Serbia - part III/1: Dermatovenereology in Serbia from 1881 - 1918." Serbian Journal of Dermatology and Venerology 1, no. 3 (August 1, 2009): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10249-011-0012-1.
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Abstract This paper deals with the period from 1881 to 1918, when the following Sanitary Laws were passed: Law on the Organization of the Sanitary Profession and Public Health Care (1881), which implemented measures for protection from venereal diseases, as well as restriction of prostitution; Public Sanitary Fund (1881), with independent budget for health care; Announcement on Free of Charge Treatment of Syphilis (1887). Dermatovenereological Departments were also founded: in the General Public Hospital in Belgrade (1881), and in the General Military Hospital (1909). The Hospital in Knjaževac for Syphilis was reopened (1881), as well as mobile and temporary hospitals for syphilis, and a network of County and Municipality hospitals. The first Serbian dermatovenereologist was Dr. Jevrem Žujović (1860 - 1944), and then Dr. Milorad Savićević (1877 - 1915). Skin and venereal diseases were treated by general practitioners, surgeons, internists and neurologists. Although Dr. Laza Lazarević (1851 - 1890) was not a dermatologist, but a physician and a writer, he published three papers on dermatovenereology, whereas Dr. Milorad Godjevac (1860 - 1933) wrote an important study on endemic syphilis. From 1885 to 1912, organization of dermatovenereology service has significantly improved. Considering the fact that archive documents are often missing, only approximate structure of diseases is specified: in certain monthly reports in Zaječar, out of all the diseased persons, 45% had skin or venereal diseases, while in Užice the number was 10.5%, which points to different distribution of these diseases. High percentage of dermatovenereology diseases was caused by high frequency of venereal diseases and syphilis. During the war: 1912 - 1918, the military medical service dominated, and in 1917 Prince Alexander Serbian Reserve Hospital was founded in Thessaloniki with a Department for Skin and Venereal Diseases. During this period, work of the Civilian Health Care Service was interrupted, consequently leading to a considerable aggravation of public health.
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Troshina, T. I. "Anti-epidemic measures during the First World War: a regional aspect (case of Arkhangelsk province)." Medicо-Biological and Socio-Psychological Problems of Safety in Emergency Situations, no. 2 (June 17, 2020): 84–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.25016/2541-7487-2020-0-2-84-92.
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Relevance. Anti-epidemic support of the rear in the wartime is an important component of the health of civilians and military personnel, as well as a guarantee of the implementation of defense measures, since the risk of emergence and rapid spread of infectious diseases in such circumstances increases.Intention – to analyze the efforts of the authorities and medical community regarding the anti-epidemic prevention (based on a concrete example of the Arkhangelsk province during the First World War).Methodology. The article is based on original archival sources kept in the State Archive of the Arkhangelsk region, in the funds of the medical department of the Arkhangelsk provincial board of the Arkhangelsk province and the health department of the Arkhangelsk town executive committee, which are correspondence on issues of sanitary and medical nature, reports of medical inspectors, reports on the epidemic situation in the province in 1914–1917.Results and Discussion. A system of interaction between central and regional authorities is presented. Specific practical measures aimed at preventing the spread of epidemics are analyzed. This work was carried out in several directions. A strict sanitary and epidemiological control was carried out regarding vulnerable groups of the population (first of all, numerous workers engaged in construction of defense facilities). Outbreak response measures were developed. For the same purposes, preventive measures were taken in Arkhangelsk and in all counties of the province, preparatory work was carried out to deploy quarantine barracks, if necessary.Conclusion. The material presented in the article shows that during the First World War the efforts of the state apparatus, local authorities, public and community initiative managed to keep under control the sanitary and medical situation and prevent its negative scenario. The epidemiological disadvantage of the following years is explained by the destruction of the state apparatus and aggravation of social problems due to the Revolution and the Civil War.
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Mukhambetgalieva, Аlima K., and Ravilya R. Khisamutdinova. "State of Medical Institutions and Public Health Problems during Late Stalinism (on the Materials of the Aktobe Region of the Kazakh SSR." Proceedings of the Southwest State University. Series: History and Law 11, no. 6 (2021): 213–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21869/2223-1501-2021-11-6-213-224.
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The relevance of the topic of the research is conditioned by the necessity to reflect in the historical science the peculiarities of development of the Soviet public health care in the conditions of the postwar reconstruction. The func-tioning of medical institutions in the postwar period took place in difficult conditions not only in the liberated territory, but also in the rear regions, as the consequences of the Great Patriotic War for the country and all the peoples of the former Soviet Union were enormous. Currently, Russian and Kazakh historiography lacks comprehensive studies on this issue, and the available works are mostly fragmentary in nature. The purpose of the research is to study the problems of medical and sanitary-preventive institutions, the state of health of the population of the Aktobe region of the Kazakh SSR in the post-war years. Objectives: on the basis of the documents of the State Archive of Aktobe region to analyze problems such as the shortage of medical personnel in the region, poor material - technical support and poor sanitary condition of medical institutions, to assess the extent of the spread of various infectious diseases, especially among the rural population. Methodology. The source base of the research includes published materials and archive documents. In the work were used scientific methods, typical for historical research: historical-genetic, comparative-historical. Results. The study showed that in general the state of medical institutions during the late Stalinism period in the territory of Aktobe region was unsatisfactory. The study of published sources and archival documents allowed us to reveal the real picture of the need and scarcity in the hospital institutions in the postwar years, as well as to assess the government attempts to reform the system of outpatient and polyclinic institutions. Conclusion. Deterioration of public health, which resulted in a decrease in the birth rate and increased mortality, arose as a result of the Great Patriotic War. Low provision of equipment, medical instruments contributed to the decline in the quality of medical care. The results of the study can serve as a basis for further study of the problem of development and organization of health care in the Kazakh SSR in the postwar period.
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González García, Alberto. "La actividad de las matronas de la Beneficencia Municipal en Cuenca (España) a comienzos del siglo XX desde la perspectiva de género." HiSTOReLo. Revista de Historia Regional y Local 8, no. 16 (July 1, 2016): 228–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/historelo.v8n16.53942.
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Las matronas constituyen un ejemplo de mujeres en las profesiones sanitarias que lucharon por su visibilidad en un universo biomédico androcéntrico que tendió a ignorarlas u ocultarlas. Por ello, el objetivo general de este artículo es analizar el proceso de incorporación de las matronas a las instituciones de Beneficencia Municipal de Cuenca (España) para poner de manifiesto cómo estuvieron relegadas a un segundo plano. La metodología incluye el análisis del proceso desde el punto de vista de las relaciones de género. Se ha consultado el Archivo Municipal de Cuenca, el Archivo Histórico Provincial y se han analizado los principales periódicos locales de la época. Los datos epidemiológicos provienen del Instituto Nacional de Estadística. Mientras que los médicos y los practicantes contaron con un ámbito profesional específico dentro del ayuntamiento, las matronas no lo consiguieron hasta 1915. Las matronas en Cuenca ejercieron sus funciones en una plaza específica y no en la Casa de Socorro, que era de dominio exclusivo de médicos y practicantes. También se dedicaron al ejercicio libre de la profesión. Es muy probable que la asistencia a los partos se llevara también a cabo por madres y vecinas sin titulación.
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Vélez Tobón, Gabriel Jaime, and Victoria Estrada Orrego. "La medicina social en zonas rurales: una historia de la lucha contra el pian en Antioquia, 1918-1941." Anuario Colombiano de Historia Social y de la Cultura 49, no. 2 (July 1, 2022): 97–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/achsc.v49n2.97207.
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Objetivo: a través del estudio de la campaña antipiánica en Antioquia a inicios del siglo XX, este artículo analiza el surgimiento de la medicina social a nivel departamental, las transformaciones en el sistema de salud y la implementación de estructuras complejas de atención —tales como unidades sanitarias y comisiones de higiene rural—. Metodología: se hace un análisis exhaustivo de tesis de medicina e informes oficiales del departamento de Antioquia. La documentación fue consultada en el Archivo Histórico de Antioquia, la Sala Patrimonial de Historia de la Medicina de la Universidad de Antioquia y la Hemeroteca Nacional de Colombia. Originalidad: el pian es una enfermedad contagiosa que se extendió a lo largo de zonas rurales y marginadas de Antioquia durante la primera mitad del siglo XX. A pesar de la magnitud que tomó a nivel departamental y nacional, la historiografía colombiana no ha abordado su estudio. Conclusiones: se encuentra que las campañas sanitarias en Antioquia fueron una estrategia para trasladar los avances médicos de la ciudad a las zonas rurales del departamento. Las dificultades que dichos proyectos enfrentaron se debieron no solo a problemas presupuestales y de acceso a las zonas, sino también a la escasez de personal médico.
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Gorshenin, Aleksandr Vladimirovich. "Participation of microbiologists Z.V. Ermolyeva and L.M. Yakobson in a scientific discussion about the fate of the production of Soviet cholera bacteriophages in 1967." Samara Journal of Science 10, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv2021104211.
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Since the late 1920s in the USSR, along with many countries, there has been an interest in studying the phenomenon of bacteriophagy and its use in medicine. Bacteriophages are called bacterial viruses. Significant work on the study of bacteriophages and their use for medical purposes was carried out by Soviet microbiologists Zinaida Vissarionovna Ermolyeva and Lidiya Mikhailovna Yakobson. They paid especially great attention to the study of cholera bacteriophage, which during the Great Patriotic War helped prevent the cholera epidemic in frontline Stalingrad. In the 1940s due to the advent of the era of antibiotics with a wider range of applications, research interest in bacteriophages was waning. Nevertheless, in the prevention and treatment of a number of infectious diseases of bacterial origin, phage continued to be used in the following decades. In 1967, one of the countrys largest microbiologists sent an appeal to the Chief Sanitary Doctor of the USSR with a proposal to stop or reduce the production of cholera bacteriophage in the country. In this regard, a scientific discussion in which Z.V. Ermolyeva and L.M. Yakobson played an important role unfolded. Using the materials of the State Archive of the Russian Federation and the Russian State Archive of Economics, involving published scientific works on microbiology and medicine, an attempt is made to analyze this scientific discussion and establish its significance in the fate of the production of cholera bacteriophage in the USSR.
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Gurkina, N. K. "“The people have a positive attitude to medicine...” (Medical Inspectors in the Formation of Medical and Sanitary Affairs in the Provinces of Pre-Revolutionary Russia)." Administrative Consulting, no. 3 (April 30, 2022): 144–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/1726-1139-2022-3-144-153.
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The problem of the history of public administration in the field of medicine and healthcare has never lost its relevance. The Health project has become one of the priority national projects of the last decade. The epidemic that began in 2020 has exacerbated many long-standing problems of Russian medicine: a shortage of medical personnel and medical institutions, insufficient material security of doctors, etc. As a result of the clumsily carried out “optimization” and contradictory actions during the epidemic, the level of confidence of the people and society in the activities of modern health care organizers has fallen. The topic of the state of health care, sanitary and epidemic safety, the role of the state in solving these pressing issues has firmly entered the public discourse, aroused interest in considering historical experience with all its achievements and losses. A significant place in the state administration of medicine and healthcare has always been occupied by specific people — government officials who have made a noticeable and real contribution to the development of health care.The management of medical and sanitary affairs in the provinces of the Russian Empire was carried out by medical inspectors (the position was established in 1865), as a rule, highly qualified doctors with extensive and diverse practical experience. The materials of the Russian State Historical Archive (St. Petersburg) and local archives allow us to make a typical portrait of this category of managers. In the funds of the Medical Department and the Main Medical Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, cases have been postponed in which the official activities and biographies of medical inspectors are characterized. The article examines the main activities of medical inspectors, assesses their contribution to the formation and development of healthcare and medicine in pre-revolutionary Russia. Along with the study of forms and methods of solving medical and sanitary-epidemic problems of the regions by inspectors, the personal qualities of the best managers, which have become the basis for the success of their activities, are also highlighted.
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Martínez Hernández, Gerardo. "Más allá de la primera cátedra de medicina en el Nuevo Mundo: tiempo, vida y obra de Juan de la Fuente." Asclepio 72, no. 2 (November 17, 2020): p314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/asclepio.2020.15.
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En este trabajo se analizan distintas facetas de la vida del médico sevillano Juan de la Fuente, quien fuera el primer catedrático de medicina en la Nueva España y en el continente americano. El objetivo principal es brindar una imagen más completa sobre este doctor, puesto que su figura ha sido frecuentemente estudiada haciendo énfasis en su magisterio en la Real Universidad de México, dejando de lado otros aspectos que lo muestran como un personaje más diverso, tales como su formación humanista y su fundamental participación en la creación de las primeras instituciones sanitarias novohispanas. A través de distintos documentos de archivo y referencias bibliográficas de la segunda mitad del siglo XVI se hace una reconstrucción de su vida y obra.
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Yegorysheva, Irene V., and Alexey V. Morozov. "I.V. Bertenson – a man who stood at the origin of preventive medicine, health care organizer and public figure (to the 125th anniversary of his death)." Hygiene and sanitation 100, no. 2 (March 30, 2021): 178–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2021-100-2-178-181.
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The article is devoted to I.V. Bertenson, the famous Russian hygienist and public figure, organizer of health care, a staunch follower of N.I. Pirogov. I.V. Bertenson made a significant contribution to the development of hospital hygiene in Russia. He combined the management of the first barrack hospital in Russia with the Petersburg provincial medical inspector’s post. A «School for the education of medical assistants» and a free clinic for visiting patients were also established on his initiative. I.V. Bertenson was one of the founders of the journal «Archive of forensic medicine and public hygiene» and the first editor of the «Bulletin of the Russian Red Cross Society.» In connection with the beginning of the cholera epidemic in the capital in 1866, Bertenson created one of the cholera shelters. A close friend, the first biographer editor of books N.I. Pirogov. Member of the international sanitary congresses and a member of many medical societies.
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Okolotin, Vladimir S. "PRODUCTION OF SPECIAL PRODUCTS AT IVANOVO FURNITURE FACTORY (PLANT NO. 43) DURING WORLD WAR II." Vestnik of Kostroma State University, no. 2 (2020): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/1998-0817-2020-26-2-83-87.
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The article is devoted to the study of Ivanovo furniture factory, which during World War II operated under the provisional name «plant No. 43» of the People’s Commissariat of the forest industry. Fulfi lling the orders of the State Defence Committee of the USSR, it produced landing and sanitary aerial vehicles, special caps for 45 mm shells, cases for anti-tank mines and other special products for the active army. The article refl ects the problems of the development of these types of products by the combine, the organisation of production cooperation for the production of individual components and devices for aerial vehicles, as well as metal fi ttings for special closures and cases for anti-tank mines. Important attention is paid to the specifics of the search for solutions to resolve them, including through appeals to Joseph Stalin, the Chairman of the State Defence Committee. These actions were based on maximum mobilisation of local production resources and on the development of various forms of socialist competition. They were so successful that in August and September 1944, the factory’s labour team twice became the winner of the all-Union socialist competition among the enterprises of the forest industry with the award of the Red Banner of the GKO of the State Defence Committee. In the end, all this worked for the defence of the country and brought the defeat of the enemy closer. The article is based on the materials of the state archive of Ivanovo Region, the Russian state archive of socio-political history, the State archive of the Russian Federation, and the local periodical press. It summarises new information on the topic under study, most of the archival documents are introduced into scientific circulation for the fi rst time, which allows researchers and the public to expand their understanding of the contribution of residents of the region to achieving victory over Nazi Germany and its allies. The results of this research may be of interest to specialists in the fi eld of regional economy and the history of World War II.
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Ross, Paul. "Mexico’s Superior Health Council and the American Public Health Association: The Transnational Archive of Porfirian Public Health, 1887–1910." Hispanic American Historical Review 89, no. 4 (November 1, 2009): 573–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-2009-046.
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Abstract In the late nineteenth century, Mexico’s Superior Health Council devised a consistent and assertive international strategy around alignment with international scientific standards, the control of disease certification on Mexican soil by Mexican experts, transparent disease reporting, internationally demonstrated competence in campaigns against tropical disease, and participation in multilateral health agreements. The council came to command a central role in the regime of Porfirio Díaz (1877–1911), mainly because this international strategy enabled a successful defense of Mexican sovereignty. In the arena of public health, the council, led by Eduardo Licéaga, came close to realizing the Científicos’ dream of Mexican development “without U.S. investment.” This was largely because the council obtained independent access to European ideas and technologies prior to its engagement with the United States, which began in 1890 when the first Mexican delegation attended the annual meeting of the American Public Health Association (APHA). Through a persistent and creative diplomatic campaign, taking advantage of relationships cultivated through the APHA, Porfirio Díaz’s sanitary advisors persuaded many of their American counterparts that Mexican experts could be trusted partners in defending the health of the western hemisphere. The article describes the Atlantic world of Mexican medicine in the nineteenth century, the significance of public health within a context shaped by rising U.S. imperialism, the key role played by Licéaga, and Mexico’s participation in the APHA.
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Maceiras Chans, José Manuel, María Eugenia Galiana Sánchez, and Josep Bernabéu Mestre. "Enfermería y control social: las actividades socio-sanitarias de la Sección Femenina de Falange en la ciudad de Valencia (1940-1977)." Enfermería Global 17, no. 1 (December 30, 2017): 270. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/eglobal.17.1.263381.
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Objetivo: Analizar las actividades de carácter socio-sanitario que llevaron a cabo en la ciudad de Valencia las enfermeras sociales visitadoras y las divulgadoras de la Sección Femenina de Falange.<br />Material y método: Se ha combinado el enfoque cualitativo y cuantitativo. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica de los trabajos relacionados con la historia de la enfermería y la actividad de la Sección Femenina (S.F.) durante el primer franquismo. Como principal fuente documental se han utilizado los legajos depositados en el Archivo del Reino de Valencia (A.R.V), Sección Femenina Inventario (S.F.I.) (1940-1977), referidos a la actividad que llevó cabo dicha organización en la ciudad de Valencia, así como los informes remitidos por las enfermeras a sus Regidoras Locales y por estas a la Regidora Nacional.<br />Resultados: Las actividades desarrolladas tuvieron connotaciones de índole ideológica y política, y estuvieron relacionadas con cuatro parcelas de actuación: el ámbito sanitario, el social, la educación para la salud y cuestiones de índole religiosa. Destaca la importancia que se atribuyó a la lucha contra la mortalidad infantil, dentro del contexto de las políticas pro-natalistas del primer franquismo. La falta de recursos y de incentivos profesionales, junto con la pérdida de influencia política de Sección Femenina, motivó que dichas actividades fueran decreciendo a lo largo del período objeto de estudio.<br />Conclusiones: Los resultados ponen de manifiesto la complejidad de las funciones que tenían asignadas las enfermeras sociales y las divulgadoras de Sección Femenina, al mismo tiempo que muestran la influencia que tenía el contexto sociopolítico e ideológico en el desarrollo de las mismas<br /><br />
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De Miguel Salanova, Santiago. "El tifus de los asilos. Gestión municipal y repercusiones sociales de una catástrofe higiénico-sanitaria en Madrid a principios del siglo XX." El Futuro del Pasado 9 (September 23, 2018): 285–329. http://dx.doi.org/10.14201/fdp.24947.
Full textAbstract:
A comienzos del novecientos, y a diferencia de lo que ocurría en otras grandes ciudades europeas, Madrid era una urbe todavía asolada por graves problemas sanitarios que ocasionaban incrementos sistemáticos en sus tasas de mortalidad. A pesar de que desde mediados del siglo anterior existía una preocupación teórica cada vez más intensa con respecto a los embates epidémicos que golpeaban a sus contingentes poblacionales (sobre todo por parte de los médicos higienistas), éstos seguían emergiendo al compás de las deficientes actuaciones de las altas instancias estatales y municipales en materia de sanidad. El presente artículo aborda esta cuestión a partir de un caso de estudio específico: la primera epidemia de tifus exantemático acaecida en la capital española a finales de abril de 1903 y prolongada hasta 1905. A partir de una variada documentación de archivo (Libros de Filiación del Hospital Provincial, Libros de Defunciones y Estadísticas Demográficas del Ayuntamiento de Madrid, publicaciones especializadas de la época y prensa periódica), se analizarán las características de la lucha contra esta enfermedad durante su evolución y sus repercusiones sobre el plano social y residencial.
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De Miguel Salanova, Santiago. "El tifus de los asilos. Gestión municipal y repercusiones sociales de una catástrofe higiénico-sanitaria en Madrid a principios del siglo XX." El Futuro del Pasado 9 (September 23, 2018): 285–329. http://dx.doi.org/10.14516/10.14516/fdp.2018.009.001.011.
Full textAbstract:
A comienzos del novecientos, y a diferencia de lo que ocurría en otras grandes ciudades europeas, Madrid era una urbe todavía asolada por graves problemas sanitarios que ocasionaban incrementos sistemáticos en sus tasas de mortalidad. A pesar de que desde mediados del siglo anterior existía una preocupación teórica cada vez más intensa con respecto a los embates epidémicos que golpeaban a sus contingentes poblacionales (sobre todo por parte de los médicos higienistas), éstos seguían emergiendo al compás de las deficientes actuaciones de las altas instancias estatales y municipales en materia de sanidad. El presente artículo aborda esta cuestión a partir de un caso de estudio específico: la primera epidemia de tifus exantemático acaecida en la capital española a finales de abril de 1903 y prolongada hasta 1905. A partir de una variada documentación de archivo (Libros de Filiación del Hospital Provincial, Libros de Defunciones y Estadísticas Demográficas del Ayuntamiento de Madrid, publicaciones especializadas de la época y prensa periódica), se analizarán las características de la lucha contra esta enfermedad durante su evolución y sus repercusiones sobre el plano social y residencial.
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Ulyanova, M. V. "Soviet Medicine on the Liaodong Peninsula in the Second Half of the 1940s – Beginning of the 1950s." Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series History 40 (2022): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2222-9124.2022.40.59.
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The article deals with the activity of Soviet physicians on the Liaodong Peninsula in the 40- 50s of the twentieth century. On the basis of a wide range of sources, some of which are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, the analysis of the sanitary-epidemiological situation in Port-Artur (Luishun), Dalniy (Dalyan), and Dzin-Zhou is performed. There is an information on training of Chinese medical workers, interaction of Soviet military and Chinese civilian administrations in issues of healthcare is reflected. Soviet medical workers activity was a set of therapeutic, scientific and education al measures which condition effectiveness of the transfer of Soviet health care principles. Disinterested Soviet medical worker`s help was commended by Chinese patients and colleagues and was reflected in reviews, letters with gratitude and articles in local newspapers, which are kept in foundation R-9501 of State Archive of Russian Federation (GARF). Documents and memoires show that Soviet medicine became a factor in strengthening the political influence of the USSR and forming its positive image in the mass opinion of the Chinese population of the region.
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De la Fuente Núñez, Rubén. "Cuando la muerte viene a visitarte: el paso de la gripe de 1918-1919 por la ciudad de Segovia." Asclepio 73, no. 1 (June 24, 2021): p344. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/asclepio.2021.10.
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El presente artículo tiene como objetivo estudiar la gripe de 1918-1919 en Segovia, explicando su origen, evolución, mortalidad diferencial, profilaxis y las consecuencias más importantes que se derivaron de ella. Con este fin, se ha trabajado con la documentación existente en el Archivo Municipal de Segovia, las partidas de defunción del registro civil, estadística municipal, provincial y nacional, el Boletín Oficial de la Provincia y los principales periódicos segovianos. En primer lugar, nos centramos en la aparición de la epidemia, propagación, llegada a España y las víctimas causadas, atendiendo a su sexo, edad, procedencia, localización, estado civil y profesión. Las medidas preventivas y paliativas se analizan desde varios puntos de vista: organizativas, control de población, transportes, higiene, comercio, personal sanitario y dependencias hospitalarias. En cuanto a las secuelas que dejó en la provincia, se abordan desde dos enfoques: por un lado, el económico, aquéllas relacionadas con la escasez y subida de los precios de primera necesidad, y por otro, las que afectaron al normal desarrollo de la actividad en general.
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Fernández Alonso, Serena. "Condiciones de la sanidad pública en la época virreinal: Notas sobre el Hospital de Bellavista de Lima en el siglo XVIII." Asclepio 44, no. 1 (June 30, 1992): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/asclepio.1992.v44.1.517.
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A través de fuentes documentales del Archivo General de la Nación del Perú y de crónicas contemporáneas, el trabajo aborda el tema de la insalubridad urbana de Lima en el siglo XVIII, las medidas sanitarias que, enraizadas en época prehispánica, se hallaban en uso, y la creación del Hospital de Bellavista, institución erigida para asistir a soldados y marinos acuartelados o arribados al puerto de Èl Callao. La documentación ha permitido realizar una reconstrucción de algunas actividades cotidianas de aquel establecimiento: personal de servicio, suministro de víveres y material, precios de los mismos, composición de la dieta de los enfermos, etc., que ofrecen una visión inédita de un centro hospitalario en el que se plasmó el interés de la Corona española por mejorar las condiciones de vida en uno de los más importantes núcleos urbanos de las Indias.
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Tverdyukova, Elena D. "COMBATING TUBERCULOSIS IN LENINGRAD IN THE 1940S." Ural Historical Journal 70, no. 1 (2021): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.30759/1728-9718-2021-1(70)-39-46.
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The article analyzes the incidence of tuberculosis and the fight against it in Leningrad in the 1940s. The study is based on office documents and statistical materials from the funds of the Central State Archive of St. Petersburg (fund 7384 — St. Petersburg City Council of People’s Deputies and Fund 9156 — Health Committee of the Administration of St. Petersburg) and the Central State Archive of Scientific and Technical Documentation of St. Petersburg (fund 295 — Scientific Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology). The dynamics of morbidity and mortality are given, the measures of the authorities are analyzed (regulation of the hospital, dispensary and sanatorium network, food supply of patients). The author concludes that during the siege years the epidemic spread of tuberculosis was facilitated not only by objective factors (poor living conditions of the population, hunger and vitamin deficiency, lack of qualified medical personnel), but also by organizational miscalculations of city health authorities and the focus of the authorities and doctors on the prevention of gastrointestinal-intestinal infections. The wave of morbidity was brought down in 1943, but as the evacuees and demobilized from the front returned to the city, tuberculosis again began to acquire the character of an epidemic. The system of post-war measures to combat tuberculosis included early detection of diseases, vaccinations, treatment and prophylactic activities, and health education. The collective efforts of epidemiologists, phthisiatricians and the sanitary inspection managed to somewhat reduce the severity of the problem, but financing of medicine on a leftover basis and the lack of a sufficient number of effective drugs for the treatment of tuberculosis reduced the effectiveness of doctors.
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M. V., Pryazhnikova, and Yaremchuk O. A. "STATE OF MOLOTOV RAILWAY SCHOOLS IN THE LATE 1930s." Human research of Inner Asia 3 (2022): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18101/2305-753x-2022-3-40-48.
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The article based on the materials of the P-3 fund (Chita Regional Committee of the CPSU) of the State Archive of Zabaykalsky Krai studies the activities of schools in Chita Oblast in the pre-war period. We have analyzed the memos on the condition of schools under the jurisdiction of the People's Commissariat for Communications in Chi-ta Oblast. With special reference to the secondary school No. 25 and the school of military technicians, we have revealed the key problems of Molotov railway schools in the late 1930s, such as qualified personnel shortage, poor methodical training, lack of teachers in a number of disciplines, problems with supplying students with the necessary teaching aids, uniform and healthy food. Many teachers did not have a pedagogical education, part of them or their relatives faced reprisals. We also have described the condition of school buildings, analyzed their sanitary state and heating. The study has revealed that the school authorities and Departments of Schools of the People's Commissariat of Railways did not always solve problems in due course or did not pay attention to them at all.
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BAYKARA TAŞKAYA, Arzu. "Activities of Hemavend Tribe in Eyalet of the Archipelago (Eyālet-i Cezāyir-i Baḥr-i Sefīd in Ottoman Turkish) (1889 -1905)." JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND FUTURE 8, no. 4 (December 22, 2022): 950–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21551/jhf.1191966.
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The Hemavend, a Kurdish tribe, were exiled from their original settlements of Kirkuk, Aleppo and Mosul to the Eyalet of the Archipelago, especially Chios, Kos and Rhodes Island. This Kurdish population, whose total number was close to 200, did not see this province, which was a place of exile, as a place to stay due to insecurity and disorder, especially the weather. The people of Hemavend, who made their situation worse by escaping from this province, lived separately from their families, which made their lives worse. The financial burden given to the state by these people, who stayed in various parts of the province's sanjaks such as Rhodes, Lemnos, Chios, was tried to be met from various sources of the province. The main demands of the tribe from the state were to allow them to go to provinces such as Mosul, Damascus, Aleppo, Adana, which they see more suitable for their living conditions. There are a lot of documents in the archive that the households in the tribe demanded to come together because they were broken up in this way. The state preferred to increase their daily wages rather than sending these households to other provinces. In order for these people to make a living, the state paid a certain number of daily wages, and the members of the tribe, who stated that they could not get along, constantly demanded an increase in their daily wages. The places where the tribal members stayed were generally the households that were crowded and far from sanitary conditions. Unfortunately, although it was accepted that the state expelled the Hemavend tribes from their homeland for just cause, these people could not escape from falling into a miserable situation. The forgiveness of some of the exiles was a good example of the state's conscientiousness. Our article, which benefited from the Prime Ministry Ottoman Archive documents, aims to illuminate the conditions and numbers of the Hemavend tribe in the Eyalet of the Archipelago with the documents reflected in the archive; it is tried to give a cross-section of the social and economic history of the Ottoman Empire. In the article, the economic distress and security problems that occurred with the settlement of the Hemavend Tribe in the Eyalet of the Archipelago from the end of the 19th century were also determined.
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Valentín Ruiz, Francisco José. "Retos tecnológicos de los archivos en tiempos de pandemia o cómo lograr la máxima eficiencia en la era de la virtualidad." Tábula, no. 23 (January 29, 2021): 229–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.51598/tab.850.
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Las actividades de gestión de la información y la documentación en instituciones del sector público ejecutadas por archivos y áreas especializadas se han visto afectadas por dos circunstancias: la crisis económica de 2008 en lo que se refiere a los recursos disponibles; y la emergencia sanitaria de 2020 en relación con las necesidades de acceso virtual a los servicios. Sobre este punto de partida, se identifica una serie de retos relacionados con la transformación digital y la implantación de sistemas de gestión documental y de archivo a los que se enfrentan los archivos y las áreas encargadas de su implantación y son acompañados de propuestas para abordarlos teniendo en cuenta las circunstancias actuales.
Records management activities in public sector institutions carried out by archives and specialized areas have been affected by the 2008 economic crisis in terms of availability of resources and by the 2020 health emergency by the needs for virtual access to services. From this starting point, a series of challenges related to digital transformation and the implementation of records management and archiving systems faced by archives and the areas in charge of their implementation are identified and are accompanied by proposals to approach them taking consider current circumstances.
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Mifteeva, Diana Maratovna. "The introduction of vaccination practice in the Orenburg Region in the early XIX century." Samara Journal of Science 6, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 117–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201761207.
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The purpose of this work is to research the process of introduction of smallpox prevention in the Orenburg Region in the early 19th century. The author focuses the main attention on the organization and activity of subsidiary medical institutions - smallpox committees. The author shows the role of Free Economic Society, doctors, clergy, civil people in the development of smallpox prevention in the region. Based on the analysis of historical sources which are represented in the state archive of the Orenburg Region (fund 6 the offices of Orenburg military governor) the author makes an attempt to detect the main cause of civil resistance in the region. The author used chronological, historical, retrospective and inquiry learning methods. The conducted research showed that in the 19th century in the Orenburg province there was a system of vaccine prevention of smallpox among the population despite the difficult sanitary and epidemiologic situation, lack of medical institutions and shortage of qualified medical personnel. The formation of this process started in the early XIX century. Thus, effective activities of the state and public organizations during this period let to lower the general illness rate and death rates from natural smallpox among the population in the Orenburg province.
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Martínez Martin, Abel Fernando, and Andrés Ricardo Otálora Cascante. "La ciudad enferma. El hospital de Tunja y sus miasmas (1777-1822)." Historia Y Memoria, no. 23 (June 16, 2021): 97–130. http://dx.doi.org/10.19053/20275137.n23.2021.11793.
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Este artículo estudia el impacto de las Reformas Borbónicas en el hospital de Tunja, virreinato de Nueva Granada, entre finales del siglo XVIII y las primeras décadas del XIX. A través del análisis de fuentes de archivo y lectura crítica de fuentes secundarias, reconstruye el problema sanitario causado por el traslado del hospital a una esquina de la plaza mayor de Tunja. Los enfrentamientos entre órdenes religiosas, clero secular y los vecinos representados por el cabildo y la Junta de Temporalidades, la Real Audiencia y el virrey de Santafé (Bogotá) a causa de los miasmas producidos por las enfermerías, letrinas y cementerio del convento-hospital y las explicaciones aeristas a favor y en contra de su traslado. Las reformas borbónicas tuvieron particularidades en contextos regionales como el estudiado, lo que hace posible diferenciar las reformas en el campo de la medicina y la salud, de las aplicadas a las órdenes religiosas en cumplimiento del Real Patronato y el control regalista de las instituciones hospitalarias de caridad. Finalmente, es la República la que decide el traslado del hospital y acaba con el problema causado por los miasmas que producía y toma el control administrativo de sus rentas, desplazando y extinguiendo la Orden Hospitalaria.
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O'Hagan, Lauren Alex. "All that glistens is not (green) gold: historicising the contemporary chlorophyll fad through a multimodal analysis of Swedish marketing, 1950–1953." Journal of Historical Research in Marketing 14, no. 3 (July 14, 2022): 374–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhrm-11-2021-0057.
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Purpose This paper aims to historicise the contemporary chlorophyll trend through the first academic study of its early marketing in Sweden (1950–1953). Using multimodal critical discourse analysis, it demonstrates how brands used advertisements to convince female consumers of chlorophyll’s necessity to fulfil certain aspirational goals. Design/methodology/approach In all, 150 advertisements for chlorophyll products were collected from the Swedish Historical Newspaper Archive, as well as 600 additional advertisements for the three most popular products (toothpaste/mouthwash, sanitary towels and soap) from 1940 to 1950 and from 1954 to 1964. Then, multimodal critical discourse analysis was used to investigate how the products were marketed before, during and after the chlorophyll trend, identifying the general themes and linguistic/semiotic structures of the advertisements. Findings This paper shows how the commercial use of chlorophyll offered a lucrative opportunity for marketers, acting as a “tabula rasa” on which they could use discourses of science, nature, idealised femininity and luxury to draw connections with health, modernity and beauty, despite the product having no real purpose or value. Originality/value Viewing this fad from a historical perspective emphasises how brands, marketers and influencers continue to capitalise on the anxieties of female consumers with promises around beauty, hygiene and health. It, thus, offers us critical distance to reflect on contemporary claims about chlorophyll’s health benefits to make informed choices.
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Luchnikov, E. A., O. G. Chernikov, and E. M. Mavrenkov. "Medical Support of Combat Operations and Naval Air Force Losses in the Great Patriotic War." Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy 22, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/brmma62818.
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The paper addresses the contribution of the Naval Air Force and its medical service to the victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. Organizational and staff structure, medical support of combat operations, the dynamics, level and structure of operational attrition and non-battle sanitary losses of the Naval Air Force air and ground crews are studied by categories and by the periods of the war, including the major operations, separately for each fleet. Detailed analysis of the experience of search and rescue operations and aeromedical evacuation as specific components of the medical service of the Naval Air Force is presented. The management procedures of medical supplies and recreation of the air crews to prevent their exhaustion are studied. For instance, since it was impossible to provide professional and specialized medical aid to the wounded from the fleet air force units, it had to be provided at the naval and combined-arms levels of medical evacuation. Only a small number of air base infirmaries were staffed by qualified surgeons. Difficulties in organizing the medical supplies were caused by frequent movements of air force units, often in the closest vicinity to the enemy; and also, by the lack of special unified medical packs. Based on the experience of medical support for search and rescue operations, the most effective search and rescue of flight personnel was organized using water-planes. During the war, naval aviation pilots evacuated thousands of wounded people to the rear of the country. The specifics of the fleet aviation missions characterize the structure of sanitary losses and their ratio to the irretrievable losses of flying personnel during the four years of the war. Due to a significant combat load on the pilots, the command was obliged to organize their rehabilitation in the form of short-term vacation at adapted recreation centers. Based on the information available from literature and archive sources, the successful experience and faults in the medical support of the combat missions of the Air Force as the striking component of the Navy during the Great Patriotic War are analyzed, and respective detailed conclusions are made.
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Zhyvyuk, Andriy, and Larysa Aleksiychuk. "Organization and activity of medical stations of the Ukrainian Red Cross in the military district of UPA «Zagrava» (the second half of 1943)." Науковий вісник Чернівецького національного університету імені Юрія Федьковича. Історія 2, no. 50 (December 16, 2019): 86–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/hj2019.50.86-98.
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The publication examines the organization and activities of the health-care units of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army – the medical stations of the military district «Zagrava» in the second half of 1943. The publication is archaeographical and includes eight original documents that come from the Branch State Archive of the Security Service of Ukraine in Rivne. On the basis of these documents, namely, the directional instructions of the commanders of the UPA units, the chiefs of the medical service of these units, the commanders of the Ukrainian Red Cross (orders, appeals, regulations, recommendations) and the reports of heads and leaders of medical stations, an analysis of the circumstances of the formation and features of the functioning of medical stations was made. In particular, it was found that medical stations were created in accordance with the orders of the commander of the UPA «Zagrava»; their operational management was carried out by the Chancellery of the head of the military headquarters of the group, and directly managed by the head and senior doctor of the medical station. The staff of the medical stations was formed from mobilized for UPA doctors and medical assistants, and nurses and nursing assistants trained on short-term courses. Medicines for medical stations were supplied by the Ukrainian Red Cross service. Medical stations consisted of hospitals for the wounded and sick, outpatient clinics, first aid stations. Each medical station was guided in its activity by regulamin (schedule) issued by the commander of the Ukrainian Red Cross, was obliged, in addition to providing assistance to the wounded and sick, to report weekly their work, to carry out the procurement of medicinal plants, to adhere to sanitary and epidemiological safety, and so on. Thus, the medical stations played a significant role in preserving the UPA's combat capability, returning to the ranks of wounded and sick soldiers, providing first aid to the civilian population. The experience of their activities may be useful for establishing a health care service in the field for the modern Ukrainian army.
Keywords: Ukrainian insurgent army, military district «Zagrava», Ukrainian Red Cross, medical station, Branch State Archive of the Security Service.