Academic literature on the topic 'Archivi sanitari'

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Journal articles on the topic "Archivi sanitari"

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Mosa, Elena. "L’uso degli ambienti fisici e virtuali durante l’emergenza sanitaria." IUL Research 3, no. 6 (December 21, 2022): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.57568/iulres.v3i6.332.

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Il contributo si basa sui dati raccolti nel corso dell’indagine “Impatto della Pandemia sulle Pratiche Didattiche e Organizzative delle Scuole Italiane nell’Anno Scolastico 2020/21” condotta da Indire su un campione statisticamente rappresentativo. La survey richiama le dimensioni dei framework europei DigCompOrg e DigCompEdu, ovvero: 1) Modalità didattiche 2) Valutazione 3) Supporti e risorse per la didattica 4) Spazi, infrastrutture e tecnologie 5) Formazione continua 6) Organizzazione e leadership scolastica 7) Collaborazione e networking. Il rispondenti all’indagine sono stati 2.546 docenti variamente distribuiti sul territorio nazionale e rappresentativi della scuola primaria, secondaria di I e di II grado. Nello specifico, l’articolo intende approfondire i risultati relativi alla dimensione “spazi, infrastrutture e tecnologie” con l’obiettivo di analizzare l’uso degli spazi scolastici interni ed esterni all’edificio anche in modalità integrata e potenziata dagli ambienti on line. Come è noto, gli spazi e le infrastrutture tecnologiche hanno ricoperto un ruolo fondamentale durante la pandemia. I primi, perché sono risultati essenziali al fine di garantire il distanziamento sociale minimo nel rispetto dei provvedimenti sanitari emanati dal CTS. Le infrastrutture e le tecnologie, inoltre, si sono rivelate essere la conditio sine qua non per garantire le attività didattiche nei vari assetti: in presenza, online o a classi ibride. Assicurare un device a tutti, disporre di connessioni sufficientemente robuste da consentire molteplici accessi in contemporanea (a casa, come a scuola) sono state alcune delle principali sfide fin dai primi giorni di lockdown. Al perdurare dell’emergenza sanitaria e dei relativi provvedimenti necessari al contingentamento della diffusione del virus, si sono poste anche questioni legate alla disponibilità di ambienti domestici dedicati per consentire il corretto svolgimento delle attività didattiche. Ambienti che, non di rado, risultavano inidonei se, ad esempio, dovevano essere condivisi con altri fratelli o sorelle o con i genitori in smart working. I patti educativi di comunità sono stati richiamati nel Piano Scuola 2020/21 al fine di incoraggiare collaborazioni virtuose tra scuola e territorio e rafforzare l’alleanza educativa, civile e sociale tra le scuole e le comunità educanti, anche in relazione al quadro di complessità generato dalla pandemia. Il Piano 2020/21 specifica, tra i vari obiettivi, la messa a disposizione di altre strutture o spazi, come parchi, teatri, biblioteche, archivi, cinema, musei, per svolgere attività didattiche complementari a quelle tradizionali. Si è pertanto inteso indagare la tipologia e la frequenza di utilizzo di ambienti diversi dall’aula scolastica e le motivazioni che hanno sotteso a tali scelte. Il contributo intende fornire una sintesi e una riflessione critica a partire dai dati emersi dal questionario.
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Berrocal Tomé, Francisco Javier. "Los primeros establecimientos benéfico-sanitarios y la reorganización hospitalaria, origen del Hospital de Antequera." Temperamentvm 18 (September 5, 2022): e13380. http://dx.doi.org/10.58807/tmptvm20225126.

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El objetivo principal es describir la situación benéfico-sanitaria de Antequera y el origen del hospital de Antequera durante el siglo XVI y la aplicación en esta ciudad de la reducción hospitalaria durante el reinado de Felipe II, con el fin de solucionar los problemas sanitarios, muy común en todo el territorio español de la época. Se han utilizado diversas fuentes documentales principalmente procedentes del Archivo Histórico Municipal de Antequera.
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Molina del Villar, América. "Vivir en la orfandad, pobreza y hacinamiento. Los asilos constitucionalistas y las condiciones de vida y salud de los niños en la ciudad de México, 1915-1918." Estudios de Historia Moderna y Contemporánea de México, no. 55 (December 12, 2018): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/iih.24485004e.2018.55.64521.

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En este trabajo analizamos las condiciones de vida al interior de los asilos constitucionalistas que fueron inaugurados durante el gobierno de Venustiano Carranza. Su creación formó parte de la campaña sanitaria y de beneficencia de la gestión de este personaje de la revolución. Al igual que el férreo combate contra el hambre y la epidemia de tifo de 1915 y 1916, la creación de estos albergues fue ampliamente publicitada en la prensa como un gran logro del gobierno de Carranza. Nuestro objetivo es presentar un panorama general sobre la situación de los asilos, su funcionamiento, tipos de población, condiciones materiales, sanitarias y algunas causas sobre su cierre definitivo en 1918, lo cual podemos atribuir a problemas presupuestales, pobreza y sus deplorables condiciones sanitarias. El estudio se apoya en material de archivo, informes, boletines y en la prensa.
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Atenza Fernández, Juan, Rubén Mirón González, and Benito Díaz Díaz. "Asistencia sanitaria y salud pública en Talavera de la Reina durante la Guerra Civil (1936-1939)." Asclepio 71, no. 2 (November 25, 2019): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/asclepio.2019.23.

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El presente trabajo pretende analizar de forma integrada los efectos de la guerra civil española sobre la población y los servicios sanitarios de Talavera de la Reina, ciudad clave en el desarrollo de la contienda debido a su ubicación geográfica entre Andalucía occidental, Extremadura y Madrid. Para ello, se ha trabajado con documentación del Archivo Municipal de Talavera de la Reina, del Archivo del Centro Secundario de Higiene Rural de Talavera de la Reina, del Archivo Histórico Provincial de Toledo y del Archivo General Militar de Ávila. En primer lugar, se presenta el grupo de cinco hospitales militares que funcionaron en la ciudad, su organización y actividad, reconstruida a partir de los diferentes modelos de fichas utilizadas. La actividad preventiva se analiza desde dos puntos de vista, las órdenes emanadas de la autoridad militar, centradas en la higiene, alimentación y prevención de enfermedades infecciosas, y las actuaciones llevadas a cabo por las autoridades locales, centradas en asegurar un correcto abastecimiento de agua y recogida de residuos. Además, se expone la situación insalubre de las prisiones de la ciudad, siendo un claro ejemplo del estado sanitario del momento.
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Marchant Rivera, Alicia, and Ana Barrena Gómez. "Documentos para la memoria sanitaria: los partes de enfermos del Hospital Noble de Málaga, año 1874." Documenta & Instrumenta - Documenta et Instrumenta 19 (April 15, 2021): 149–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/docu.75472.

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Los partes de enfermos del Hospital Noble de Málaga constituyen un pequeño grupo do-cumental que actualmente se encuentra en la sección beneficencia y sanidad del Archivo Municipal de la ciudad. El objeto de estudio principal de este artículo se vertebra en el análisis de esta tipología documental, así como en sacar a la luz la información que nos muestra sobre la atención sanitaria realizada a los vecinos de la ciudad y a la gente de la mar, que sin importar nacionalidad o circunstan-cias eran atendidos e ingresados en dicha institución sanitaria. El año 1874 será el último en el que el Hospital Noble aún ostente titularidad privada, de ahí la cohesión archivística de estas unidades do-cumentales producidas en contextos de necesidad y de urgencia. Las distintas fuentes documentales y bibliográficas empleadas contextualizarán el devenir de esta institución, creada en memoria del médi-co británico Josef William Noble, al igual que permitirán comprobar el avance científico-sanitario que se empieza a lograr en la ciudad durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX.
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Moll Blanes, Isabel. "Algunos aspectos de la organización de la asistencia sanitaria en la mallorca rural, siglos XVIII y XIX." Texto & Contexto - Enfermagem 14, no. 4 (December 2005): 469–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-07072005000400002.

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El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en mostrar la existencia, al menos desde mediados del ochocientos, de dos redes de asistencia sanitaria en el mundo rural mallorquín. Una formada por profesionales sanitarios como médicos y farmacéuticos, encuadrados en el marco de la administración local. Otra formada por religiosas pertenecientes a congregaciones femeninas dedicadas a la educación infantil y juvenil, asi como al cuidado de enfermos. La documentación procede por lo que se refiere a los médicos, de listas aparecidas en el Semanario Económico de Mallorca (1779-1820) y en el Boletín Oficial de la Provincia (desde 1834); por lo que se refiere a la población religiosa a fondos procedentes del Archivo Diocesano de Mallorca y de los Archivos de los respectivos conventos.
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Correa Gómez, María José, and Pablo Chávez Zúñiga. "El Laboratorio químico municipal de Antofagasta. Higiene alimentaria y gobierno local en el norte salitrero. Chile, 1894-1906." Estudios Atacameños 68 (March 17, 2022): e4771. http://dx.doi.org/10.22199/issn.0718-1043-2022-0001.

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El artículo estudia el Laboratorio Químico Municipal de Antofagasta, en el norte minero chileno, entre 1894 y 1906. A través de documentos del Archivo Municipal de la ciudad, de la prensa local y de revistas de higiene nacionales, analiza algunas particularidades de la nueva política alimentaria inaugurada por la institución en la provincia y su aporte sanitario en un territorio incorporado recientemente al país. Propone que la temprana creación del laboratorio, que respondió a necesidades relevantes de la zona salitrera, le otorgó a esta institución características especiales, y también lo integró con procesos más generales de control alimentario a nivel nacional. En este contexto, el laboratorio funcionó como instancia emergente que estableció estándares de higiene y seguridad alimentaria, así como políticas y prácticas científicas específicas, con limitaciones vinculadas con la precariedad de la intervención sanitaria y con los problemas sociopolíticos más estructurales enfrentados por la sociedad pampina.
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Orefice, Carlo. "El archivo histórico del antiguo hospital neuropsiquiátrico de Arezzo: breves instrucciones de uso en clave educativa para profesionales de la salud y del cuidado." Documentación de las Ciencias de la Información 45, no. 2 (May 23, 2022): 245–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/dcin.80877.

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La Universidad de Siena conserva el archivo histórico del antiguo hospital neuropsiquiátrico de Arezzo (1901-1990) con el objetivo de preservar, reorganizar, estudiar y mejorar el material (administrativo, sanitario, audiovisual, iconográfico) presente. El artículo reflexiona sobre el posible "uso educativo" de esta pluralidad de materiales y sobre la necesidad de que el Archivo se siga definiendo como un espacio de investigación-intervención multidisciplinar para todos aquellos sujetos (especialmente profesionales de la salud y del cuidado) interesados ​​en conocer y explorar la relación entre la enfermedad mental y el internamiento en un hospital psiquiátrico.
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Malleville, Sofía, and Anabel Beliera. "“Enfermería dice basta”. Heterogeneidad laboral y conflicto gremial en enfermería." Zona Franca, no. 30 (December 22, 2022): 175–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.35305/zf.vi30.238.

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En este trabajo analizaremos la conflictividad laboral de la enfermería en la ciudad de La Plata entre marzo del año 2020 y marzo del año 2021, en el marco de la pandemia de COVID-19. La crisis sanitaria puso en el centro de la escena al personal de salud y, en especial a quienes se encargan de las tareas de cuidado, como es el caso de la enfermería. Sin embargo, también se evidenciaron las falencias en las condiciones laborales de este grupo, tanto en el sector público como privado. Argumentaremos entonces que la heterogeneidad del sector salud y sus implicancias en la conformación del colectivo de enfermería hacen que, incluso en una misma ciudad, las demandas y las organizaciones en donde canalizar dichos reclamos sean diversas. Asimismo, señalaremos que la pandemia, movilizó otras formas de organización colectiva por fuera de los sindicatos que tradicionalmente representan a la enfermería. Para ello, analizaremos los datos construidos en el marco del proyecto de investigación PISAC-COVID “La enfermería y los cuidados sanitarios profesionales durante la pandemia y la postpandemia del COVID-19”. Puntualmente, nos serviremos del análisis del archivo de prensa construido en base a noticias sobre enfermería en la ciudad de La Plata.
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Gorlova, Natalya I. "Historical Overview of Volunteer Practices in the Health Care System in the 1920s–70s: Materials from the State Archive of the Russian Federation and the Central State Archive of Moscow." Herald of an archivist, no. 3 (2022): 715–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2022-3-715-728.

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Turning to archival materials continues the Russian archivists’ tradition, developed in the recent decades, to introduce into scientific use documents of key importance for understanding the Soviet history and its episodes, including those related to socially significant activities of voluntary activists in the field of healthcare under the auspices of the Union of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies of the USSR. The chronological frameworks of the undertaken research is 1920–70s. The author aims to review documentary sources that reflect the activities of the Society's activists acting on voluntary and gratuitous basis. The work actualizes the problem of evolution of the sectorial sphere of volunteer labor application from historical point of view. In its activities during the studied period, the Society used traditional organizational forms and sought out new ones for social mobilization of the population's participation in gratuitous donor movement and its promotion, sanitary improvement of cities and villages, improvement and popularization of sanitary culture at work and home, public sanitary control, preventive measures and combating the spread of infectious diseases, etc. The empirical base of the study is formed by materials from the State Archive of the Russian Federation and the Central State Archive of Moscow. The body of sources on the subject analyzed by the author is distinguished by its diversity (minutes of meetings of the executive committee plenums, operational meetings, transcripts, certificates, annual reports on core activities, etc.); it permits to highlight the diverse activities, forms and methods of the Society's activists’ work, as well as to trace the process of institutionalization of the profile direction in the national volunteer movement in the field of healthcare. The author has introduced unique archival documents into scientific use. The methodological basis of the work is principle of historicism, systematic nature of scientific analysis, objectivity, integrated use of a wide range of sources, which has made it possible to consider the volunteer practices of socially significant activity in the healthcare system in the process of its formation and development, in the context of historical conditionality and continuity of its development. The article takes on particular importance in connection with systematic development and popularization of medical volunteering in modern Russia, which takes into account the rich historical experience and heritage of the USSR.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Archivi sanitari"

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Skrami, Edlira. "Utilizzo degli archivi elettronici sanitari nell’epidemiologia analitica: aspetti metodologici del disegno dello studio e dell’analisi statistica dei dati applicati alla stima del rischio di un evento clinico raro." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/243049.

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La crescente disponibilità di banche dati informatizzate sanitarie ha reso gli studi osservazionali uno strumento potente a fornire evidenze scientifiche. Limiti connessi ai database e distorsioni da cui possono essere affetti questi studi, possono compromettere i risultati. Questa tesi analizza i metodi di correzione da utilizzare in fase di disegno e di analisi statistica. Alcune di essi sono stati applicati ad uno studio volto a valutare il rischio di sviluppare un evento raro, danno renale acuto (DRA) da somministrazione di mezzo di contrasto iodato (MCI). A tal fine sono stati applicati il disegno di coorte e di caso-controllo innestato nella coorte, utilizzando le schede di dimissioni ospedaliere della regione Marche. La coorte comprendeva 29925 soggetti a cui era stata somministrato il MCI durante il 2008-2011; sono stati individuati 324 casi di DRA in totale, per 129 di questi il tempo trascorso dalla data di somministrazione di MCI era <7 giorni, perciò associati al DRA. Il rischio di sviluppare DRA da MCI risultava 0.43%. Soggetti di età superiore a 65 anni, che soffrivano di una malattia del sistema genitourinario sono risultati a maggior rischio. Nello studio caso-controllo innestato, i 324 casi sono stati appaiati a 1258 controlli. L’esposizione al MCI e le malattie del sistema genitourinario erano significativamente associate ad un maggior rischio di DRA. L’effetto dell’esposizione sullo sviluppo del DRA riduceva il rischio nei soggetti con età superiore a 65 anni e in quelli con più di una somministrazione, mentre aumentava in quelli con una patologia diversa dalle malattie genitourinarie e del sistema circolatorio. Lo studio ha permesso di stimare il rischio di un evento raro e l’effetto dei fattori ad esso associati; rappresenta, altresì, una concreta applicazione della metodologia epidemiologica attuale, particolarmente attenta alle problematiche connesse all’utilizzo di una fonte di dati potente ma che al contempo richiede cautela e cognizione di causa nella sua applicazione.
A proliferated number of electronic healthcare databases has increased the role of observational studies as a tool to provide scientific evidence. Challenges in conducting observational studies based on Electronic Databases (ED) include concern about errors that can compromise the validity of the results. This thesis analyses methods and approaches to manage analytical challenges with regard to the study design and the statistical analysis of observational studies based on ED. Some of these techniques are performed in a study aimed to estimate the risk of a rare event, acute kidney injury (AKI) after contrast media (CM) administration. For that purpose, a cohort and a nested case-control study were performed using the discharged hospital database of Marche region. The cohort included 29925 subjects with a CM administration during 2008-2011. AKI occurred in 324 subjects; for 129 of them the time period after the CM administration was <7 days, considered therefore associated to AKI. The overall risk of AKI after CM administration was 0.43%. Subjects over 65 years old, suffering from a renal disease were at higher risk. In the nested case-control study all 324 cases were matched to 1258 controls. CM exposure and renal disease were significantly associated with a higher risk of AKI. A reduction of the exposure effect on AKI risk was found in those aged >65 years and with more than one CM administration, while an increased risk was found in subjects suffering from diseases different from renal and circulatory diseases. The study allowed us to estimate the risk of a rare event and the risk factors. Furthermore, it represents a concrete application of the current epidemiological methodology concerning problems related to the use of a potential data source but in the meantime should be cautiously applied.
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MONZIO, COMPAGNONI MATTEO. "The quality of clinical pathways delivered to patients with severe mental disorders. A multi-regional italian investigation based on healthcare utilization databases. The QUADIM project." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/262317.

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Improving the quality of care is a leading priority for national health systems, consistent with the aim of improving population health, while maintaining the sustainability of the whole health system, especially for the mental health system, since it is composed by a complex network of community mental health teams of professionals and a wide range of community-based treatment, rehabilitation, day-care and residential care facilities. The quality of routine mental healthcare is still far from optimal, worldwide and in Italy, because it is not always delivered in accordance with evidence-based mental health standards and it can vary greatly among providers. Indeed, the construct of process indicators in the field of mental health is often not completely consistent with recommendations in evidence-based guidelines, where existing. To date, only few studies have analyzed this issue in Italy, despite the quality of mental health care has become a frequent subject of international evaluations. Given these premises, the QUADIM Project (“Clinical pathways in patients with severe mental disorders in Italy”), an Italian multi-regional project funded in 2016 by the Italian Health Ministry, was conducted with the aim to assess the quality of healthcare pathways provided to patients with serious mental illnesses (SMI) assisted by regional Departments of Mental Health (DMHs) in a real-world setting, using a set of process indicators developed by a panel of experts starting from a document approved by the italian Unified State-Regions Conference (2014). The main aim of this thesis was the conduction and the management of this project, which constituted my thesis project during the PhD. For each of the four SMI investigated (i.e., schizophrenic, depressive, bipolar and personality disorders), from the regional Healthcare Utilization (HCU) databases were identified the cohorts of adult patients affected by this specific mental disorder and taken in care by regional DMHs during the years 2015-2016. The adherence of these patients to the defined process indicators was evaluated during the first 12 months of follow-up, assessing strengths and weaknesses of the four regional mental health systems. As far as the process indicators were designed and developed taking inspiration from clinical recommendations that should be followed for improving the quality of mental healthcare, and by considering that a better process profile, as measured by these indicators, not necessarily lead to better outcomes, a secondary aim of the QUADIM project was the conduction of a validation study for evaluating their relationship with measurable clinical outcomes. Thus, among patients affected by an incident schizophrenic spectrum disorder, case-crossover study was conducted in order to validate some process indicators, relating them, as a proxy of the quality of delivered care, with some clinical outcomes, such as admission to hospital psychiatric wards (GHPWs). The layout of the thesis has been divided into different sections. I will proceed in the first instance by giving an overview of the QUADIM project and the methods used to identify the cohorts of patients affected by SMI, to design and develop the process indicators and to conduct the validation study among patients with incident schizophrenic spectrum disorder; proceeding with a detailed description of the results and reporting the main findings of the validation study. Finally, the implications of monitoring the process of care of patients with incident schizophrenic disorder and, more in general, of the proposed approach, were discussed.
Improving the quality of care is a leading priority for national health systems, consistent with the aim of improving population health, while maintaining the sustainability of the whole health system, especially for the mental health system, since it is composed by a complex network of community mental health teams of professionals and a wide range of community-based treatment, rehabilitation, day-care and residential care facilities. The quality of routine mental healthcare is still far from optimal, worldwide and in Italy, because it is not always delivered in accordance with evidence-based mental health standards and it can vary greatly among providers. Indeed, the construct of process indicators in the field of mental health is often not completely consistent with recommendations in evidence-based guidelines, where existing. To date, only few studies have analyzed this issue in Italy, despite the quality of mental health care has become a frequent subject of international evaluations. Given these premises, the QUADIM Project (“Clinical pathways in patients with severe mental disorders in Italy”), an Italian multi-regional project funded in 2016 by the Italian Health Ministry, was conducted with the aim to assess the quality of healthcare pathways provided to patients with serious mental illnesses (SMI) assisted by regional Departments of Mental Health (DMHs) in a real-world setting, using a set of process indicators developed by a panel of experts starting from a document approved by the italian Unified State-Regions Conference (2014). The main aim of this thesis was the conduction and the management of this project, which constituted my thesis project during the PhD. For each of the four SMI investigated (i.e., schizophrenic, depressive, bipolar and personality disorders), from the regional Healthcare Utilization (HCU) databases were identified the cohorts of adult patients affected by this specific mental disorder and taken in care by regional DMHs during the years 2015-2016. The adherence of these patients to the defined process indicators was evaluated during the first 12 months of follow-up, assessing strengths and weaknesses of the four regional mental health systems. As far as the process indicators were designed and developed taking inspiration from clinical recommendations that should be followed for improving the quality of mental healthcare, and by considering that a better process profile, as measured by these indicators, not necessarily lead to better outcomes, a secondary aim of the QUADIM project was the conduction of a validation study for evaluating their relationship with measurable clinical outcomes. Thus, among patients affected by an incident schizophrenic spectrum disorder, case-crossover study was conducted in order to validate some process indicators, relating them, as a proxy of the quality of delivered care, with some clinical outcomes, such as admission to hospital psychiatric wards (GHPWs). The layout of the thesis has been divided into different sections. I will proceed in the first instance by giving an overview of the QUADIM project and the methods used to identify the cohorts of patients affected by SMI, to design and develop the process indicators and to conduct the validation study among patients with incident schizophrenic spectrum disorder; proceeding with a detailed description of the results and reporting the main findings of the validation study. Finally, the implications of monitoring the process of care of patients with incident schizophrenic disorder and, more in general, of the proposed approach, were discussed.
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TODDE, ELEONORA. "Infortuni e malattie nel sottosuolo: prevenzione e assistenza sanitaria nella miniera di Montevecchio (1863 – 1996)." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/266844.

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Starting from the investigations conducted in the last few years in the field of medicine and welfare, this research has its main aim in identifying and understanding the functions, the role and the internal structure of healthcare camps within Sardinian mining sector., and particularly in the mining site of Montevecchio, through the census of archival sources retrieved in the island’s mining archives. The tormented sequel of events characterising this mining site have resulted in a conspicuous documentary production later stored in a number of archive groups partitioned amongst various archival institution: the Archivio Storico del Comune di Iglesias (Historical Archive of the Council of Iglesias), the Archivio Documentale della Miniera di Montevecchio (Documentary Archive of Montevecchio Mine) and the Archivio del Distretto Minerario della Sardegna (Archive of the Mining District of Sardinia). The in-depth archival research resulted in the retrieval of 476 units, including fascicules and registries covering the time frame from 1990 to 1991: The first seeach step was that of outlining an analytic data sheet, which would allow the researcher to identify the relevant data for a census of the documents, while a second step consisted in a more detailed analysis of the documentary sources, divided according into two main strands: documents on work-related injuries and documents on industrial disease (“scadenziari” of injuries, court records, patients’ lists, etc.) For each document another data sheet has been produce in order to describe any data useful for the research. The results have been ‘normalised’ and transcribed in the documentary appendix, resulting into two fairly complete instruments to conduct further research: the first one contains the archival units on work-related injuries and supplies the consultation indexes catalogued and divided within each single mining site; the second one focuses on ‘techno-pathologies’ (pathologies whose origin comes from the typology of job) and, as in the first case, enriched by consultation indexes divided according to the categories of mining sites, industrial diseases, job tasks and names of the workers. At the same time that the archival research was conducted, a study on the norms regulating the mining sector from 1865 to 1959 has been conducted with the aim of verifying whether any specific norm concerning the prevention of injuries and industrial diseases existed at the time. Finally, the last phase of the research included the analysis of the documents in light of the main literature on the subject. The situation of the injury paths in Sardinian mining contexts has been traced back with a focus on the years 1880-1970, and particularly on the situation of Montevecchio mine. Regarding the latter, all fatal injuries occurred between 1863 and 1996 have been identified listed. For what concerns industrial diseases, though a study on the medical literature dealing with heath issues for workers employed in mining sites, a list of pathologies afflicting Montevecchio’s workers form the 1930s to the 1980s has been drafted. Given the results produced, this research can be considered a paradigm to be used in the future to conduct further studies on base metals mines within broader Italian and international scenarios and, at the same time I t can be intended as a first step towards a clearer definition of the characteristic of mining compartment within Sardinia.
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Perpiñà, i. Gutièrrez Carles. "Aspectes sanitaris dels arxius parroquials de la regió central del Baix Llobregat. Segles XVI-XVIII." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673386.

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Esta tesis es un estudio de los aspectos sanitarios de cinco parroquias de la comarca del Baix Llobregat. Su objetivo es dar a conocer el nombre de médicos, cirujanos, apotecarios, comadronas... que contribuyeron con su trabajo al bienestar de las gentes, teniendo en cuenta los escasos medios con que contaban para combatir la enfermedad en aquellas épocas. También se estudia la mortalidad, natalidad y matrimonios de los siglos estudiados, siguiendo las directrices del libro de los Dres. Camps Clemente y Camps Surroca, sobre “Aspectes sanitaris de l'arxiu de Sant Joan de Lleida-Segle XVII”/1.983/. Consta de varias partes: A) Introducción: Con discreta visión geohistórica de la comarca. B) Material y método: El material han sido los diferentes libros de mortalidad, natalidad y matrimonios de las parroquias de: Sant Climent de Llobregat, Sant Andreu de la Barca, Corbera de Llobregat, Cervelló y Torrelles. En total se han obtenido 15.154 defunciones, 17.414 nacimientos y 3.545 matrimonios. Se hace referencia a las distintas formas de muertes (enfermedad, violenta...) y referencia a aspectos sociales (oficios, nobleza...) y sanitarios, con gráficas de mortalidad, natalidad y matrimonios. C) Aspectos sanitarios: Número y nombre de sanitarios (total 172) que corresponden a 37 médicos, 76 cirujanos, 2 médicos cirujanos, 21 apotecarios, 33 comadronas, 2 veterinarios y un Sanador de la Vila del siglo XVI. D) Conclusiones de los aspectos estudiados.
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5

Remón, Gil Julio. "Aspectos sanitarios del archivo de la Parroquia de Santa Ana de Buñuel (Navarra), 1565-1989." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/32119.

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Con el fin de realizar un completo estudio demográfico-sanitario de la villa de Buñuel (Navarra), se han estudiado los libros parroquiales (desde 1565) y los del Registro Civil desde su implantación en 1870. Se han analizado 25.823 inscripciones de los libros parroquiales (12.970 de bautizos, 3.203 de matrimonios y 9.850 de defunciones) y 4.568 de los libros de defunciones del Registro Civil. El período abarcado comprende desde 1565 hasta diciembre de 1989. Los objetivos de esta tesis comprenden el análisis de los siguientes parámetros: 1) Inventario del personal sanitario que haya ejercido en la villa o que figure en sus libros ejerciendo en otros lugares. 2) Recuento de muertes accidentales o violentas. 3) Recuento de muertes súbitas no accidentales. 4) Estudio general de la mortalidad (sexos, edades, distribución por meses, ocasionada por acciones bélicas, epidemias, periodos de aumento de la mortalidad). 5) Estudio de la gemelaridad, de los bautizados de necesidad, de hijos póstumos y de los ilegítimos como orientación del ambiente sociológico de la villa. 6) Estudio general de la natalidad. 7) Estudio general de la nupcialidad. 8) Estudio de las profesiones no sanitarias que figuran reflejadas en los libros parroquiales, y de las personas de algún relieve social, como reflejo de la realidad sociológica de la población. La información y su análisis se presenta separada por siglos dado el prolongado espacio de tiempo que abarca el estudio.
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6

Escuder, Pérez Jorge. "Aspectos sanitarios de los archivos parroquiales de la iglesia de los santos Justo y Pastor de Barcelona (1800-1850)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/8825.

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OBJETIVOS:
La investigación va dirigida a la identificación de Médicos, Cirujanos y Farmacéuticos de la primera mitad del siglo XIX

El estudio de las causas de muerte, el otro objetivo principal de esta tesis, se realiza a través de los libros parroquiales de mortalidad

En cuanto al estudio de otros aspectos sanitarios, efectuaremos una valoración de:

- Los nacimientos
- Los matrimonios: -
La mortalidad.
- Las pequeñas epidemias:
- Acontecimientos sociales diversos.

CONCLUSIONES
Las conclusiones de este trabajo de investigación histórica las dividiremos en dos apartados: uno dedicado a las noticias médicas, y otro dedicado a la demografía y a los cambios sociales.

A.- Noticias Médicas.
1. En la revisión de los Libros Sacramentales de la Iglesia de los Santos Justo y Pastor, he constatado la existencia, a lo largo de la primera mitad del siglo XIX, de un total de 277 profesionales de la sanidad, distribuidos de la siguiente forma:

Cirujanos: 167
Médicos: 91
Farmacéuticos: 19

Algunos de ellos ya están registrados en el Diccionario Biográfico de Médicos Catalanes de los doctores J.M. Calbet i Camarasa y J. Corbella i Corbella; otros eran hasta ahora desconocidos, de los cuales he recogido su identidad y demás datos biográficos que de ellos aparecen en los libros.

2. Con frecuencia he constatado relaciones familiares nuevas creadas entre miembros de diferentes familias de profesionales sanitarios (matrimonios, bautizos) y también con personas pertenecientes a otras profesiones liberales (abogados, notarios, etc.). También he descubierto, en ocasiones, un antepasado familiar de la misma profesión

3. Podemos destacar, por su prestigio, a los doctores y cirujanos siguientes:

Dr. D. Josep Manel Capdevila Alvia i de Vilardaga.
Dr. D. Josep Castells i Comás.
Dr. D. Joaquín Cil i Bores.
Dr. D. Francisco de Paula Folch i Amich.
Dr. D. Juan Bautista Foix i Gual.
Dr. D. Antonio Mendoza Rueda.
Dr. D. Vicens Mitjavila Fisonell.
Dr. D. Macari Riu.
Dr. D. Agustí Yañez i Girona.
Dr. D. Josep Baroy.
Dr. D. Domènec Bover.

4. Se mantiene, entre estos profesionales, la proporción iniciada en el siglo XVIII, en la cual hay casi el doble de cirujanos que de médicos.

5. En dos casos, en el de los doctores Francisco Dalmau y Antonio Maglia, se refieren las noticias a ellos como médicos especialistas.

6. Las causas de muerte, cuando se especifican, son variables. He comprobado que, conforme avanzaba el siglo, los diagnósticos se hacían más precisos, sobre todo a partir del 1 de abril de 1838, fecha a partir de la cual una orden gubernativa obligaba a firmar los certificados de defunción

B.- Aspectos demográficos y sociales.

1. En la revisión de los Libros de Óbitos, Matrimonios y Bautismos, de la Iglesia de los Santos Justo y Pastor de Barcelona, durante la primera mitad del S.XIX se han registrado un total de:
9834 Bautismos
5907 Defunciones
3708 Matrimonios

2. Durante estos 50 años se produce un incremento vegetativo de la población del 40 %, a pesar de haber existido periodos con crecimiento negativo, debido a la penuria económica (1800), a las guerras (1809-1815) o a las epidemias (1821).

3. A partir de 1834 se produce un descenso de la mortalidad, sobre todo de la infantil, difícil de explicar.

4. La mortalidad en los adultos fue mayor durante los meses de invierno; en cambio, la de los niños fue mayor durante los meses de julio y agosto,

5. En el 68 % de los óbitos esta reflejada la causa de muerte.

6. Existe una progresiva disminución del número de hijos por matrimonio a medida que avanza el siglo.

7. Los hijos de padres desconocidos representan un porcentaje del 1,64, muy bajo respecto al número total de nacimientos, sobre todo si se le compara con el de los siglos anteriores, que fue del 8.89% en el siglo XVII y del 3,1% en el siglo XVIII.

8. El porcentaje de albats fallecidos es del 30%.

9. La media de nacimientos por matrimonio fue de 2,62 hijos/matrimonio.
OBJECTIVES:
Analysis of demographic aspects and localitation of ancient physicians, surgeons and pharmacist in the firt half of XIX century.
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7

Torras, Salles Joaquin. "Aspectos sanitarios de los archivos parroquiales del arciprestazgo de Sant Joan de les Abadesses durante los siglos XVI, XVII y XVIII." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/2844.

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Este estudio se centra en la comarca del Ripollés y más concretamente en el Arciprestazgo de Sant Joan de les Abedesses, compuesto por las parroquias de Sant Miquel de Cavallera, Sant Pau de Seguries, Sant Martí de Surroca, Sant Martí d´Ogassa y Sant Joan de les Abedesses (Sant Joani Pol, Santa Llucia de Puigmal y la Col·legiata).

La intención fundamental de esta tesis es la de contribuir a un mejor y más amplio conocimiento de la historia en la sociedad catalana durante los siglos XVI, XVII y XVIII principalmente en los aspectos relacionados con la sanidad, y de forma más secundaria en el ámbito cultural. Mediante al análisis de los datos recogidos estableceremos una serie de hipótesis como son:

1.- Comprobar y confirmar que la asistencia médica en las poblaciones más grandes era cubierta por médicos, a diferencia de las pequeñas que las llevaban los cirujanos.

2.- Demostrar que el personal sanitario gozaba de un prestigio social.

3.- Verificar la presencia de una profesión sanitaria femenina: las comadronas.

4.- Confirmar la existencia de un arraigo familiar entre el personal sanitario.

5.- comprobar que existen periodos de una considerable violencia social en Cataluña.

6.- Confirmar la escasa documentación que existe de suicidios.

7.- Detectar los posibles accidentes de trabajo.

8.- Verificar la baja incidencia de muertes
naturales diagnosticadas.

9.- Confirmar la importancia de las muertes repentinas.

10.- Demostrar que la natalidad ilegítima se mantiene más o menos constante, incrementándose en las etapas de penuria y violencia social.

Éstas nos van a llevar a confirmar unos objetivos principales y otros secundarios:

A. Principales
- Relacionados con el personal sanitario
. La identidad de las personas dedicadas a mantener la salud
. Confirmar el deficitario grado de cobertura sanitaria
. Corroborar la existencia de un arraigo familiar

- Relacionados con la mortalidad

. Aportaciones de datos sobre la muerte violenta y por lo tanto algunos aspectos de la violencia social existente en la época y en la zona estudiada.

. Valoración de una alta incidencia de los óbitos documentados como accidentes de trabajo.

. Análisis de las muertes sospechosas de violencia relacionadas con el periodo histórico y con su mecanismo de acción.

. Verificar la baja aportación existente y la escasa claridad con que se especifican las muertes diagnosticadas.

B. Secundarios

- Relacionados con la natalidad

. Análisis sobre la evolución de la natalidad según el momento histórico del principado.

. El número de embarazos múltiples comprobando su alta incidencia de mortalidad.

. Valoración del alto registro de hijos ilegítimos existentes en épocas difíciles.

. Identidad y actos médicos realizados por las comadronas en los bautismos de necesidad.

- Relacionados con los matrimonios

. Evolución de la nupcialidad
. Estudio del estado civil de los contrayentes
. Tasa de fertilidad

- Otros datos

. Personajes que han tenido un interés social y que han contribuido en alguna forma en la historia del Arciprestazgo

. La terminología usada es muy curiosa al hacer mención de las distintas patologías y muy variada para denominar a los diferentes personajes dedicados a mantener la salud ó a los de interés social.

Todo ello nos permite obtener unas conclusiones suficientemente importantes para conocer los aspectos fundamentales de nuestro pasado sanitario. Entre ellas destacaremos:

1.- Se ha podido englobar 257 años de historia del arciprestazgo, a través de 43747 registros.

2.- Recuperación de la identidad de 159 profesionales de la salud.

3.- Confirmación del predominio de los cirujanos en la asistencia sanitaria.

4.- Existencia de una profesión femenina bien estructurada: las comadronas.

5.- El principal centro de actividad sanitaria de la zona es Sant Joan.

6.- Clara evidencia de una precariedad en la
sanidad animal: no se registran veterinarios.

7.- La muerte violenta de origen criminal se debe a la época del bandolerismo y a las sucesivas guerras con Francia.

8.- Hay una gran escasez de muertes violentas registradas, aunque bien especificada la causa.

9.- Queda reflejada la existencia de muertes violentas relacionadas con accidentes laborales.

10.- Clara evidencia que a los suicidas no los inscribían en los libros sacramentales.

11.- Confirmar el periodo de violencia social existente sobre todo desde medianos del siglo XVII y todo el XVIII.

12.- Por las circunstancias en que ocurrió el desenlace hay inicios para sospechar de violencia en un 0.98% del total de óbitos.

13.- La muerte natural diagnosticada esta más documentada que la muerte violenta, pero es menos clara y concreta.

14.- Se han detectado 391 microepidemias y 9 epidemias, pero no existe documentación de la epidemia de peste acontecida en todo el principado.

15.- La mortalidad infantil, solo se registra en el s. XVIII, es muy elevada. Un 16,32% de las muertes de criaturas corresponde a la mortalidad neonatal.

16.- Los hijos de los padres desconocidos documentados representan el 0,91%, confirmándose que en tiempos difíciles aumentan el número de niños abandonados.

17.- Los bautismos de necesidad se registran de forma regular en todo el Arciprestazgo, representando el 0,71% de todos los bautizados.

18.- Los partos múltiples significan el 0,6% de la natalidad, comprobando en ellos que hay una alta incidencia de mortalidad.

19.- Hay una alta fertilidad en los matrimonios con 5,6 hijos por pareja.
This study is developed on the deanery of "S. Joan de les Abadesses", situated in the district of Ripolles, also known as "El Bressol de Catalunya". It ´s objective is to contribute to a greater knowledge of Catalonian society during the 16 th and 17 th, and 18 th centauries, in both the cultural and sanitation aspects, through the only souse of information available which are the parish archives. The acquired information allows us to demonstrate some established hypothesis that take us to our marked objectives:
1.Primary objectives related with:
- Sanitary Staff.- Identity; Sanitary structure of the villages; Their social prestige; Existing family roots.
- Mortality and causes of death
. Violent mortality. The violent social aspects existent during the period in the area studied are observed. Also, the incidence of work accidents documented.
. Analysis of the suspected violent deaths related with the historical period and its mechanism of action.
. Registration and commentary of all the diagnosed deaths.
. The infant death rate.
. The appearance f epidemics and micro epidemics.
2. Secondary objectives related with:
- The birth rate.- Evolution according to the historical moment in Catalonia; Multiple pregnancies proving the high incidence of mortality; Valuation of the illegitimate children which is more frequent during difficult times; Identification and medical acts carried out by the midwives in the emergency baptisms.
- The marriages.- Evolution of the nuptials; The spouse's civil state; The fertility rate.
- Other pieces of information.- Characters which have contributed in some way to the deanery's history; The terminology used it's very varied to mention as much the sanitary personnel as the social interest and curious to refer to the different pathologies.
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8

Saulou, Claire. "Evaluation des propriétés anti-adhésives et biocides de films nanocomposites avec inclusions d’argent, déposés sur acier inoxydable par procédé plasma." Toulouse, INSA, 2009. http://eprint.insa-toulouse.fr/archive/00000315/.

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Dans le secteur biomédical et l’industrie agro-alimentaire, l’adhésion de microorganismes contaminants aux surfaces engendre de multiples impacts négatifs, à la fois en termes de santé publique, d’hygiène et de sécurité alimentaire. Dans ce contexte, l’objectif de l’étude est de mettre au point un traitement de surface de l’acier inoxydable 316L, afin de prévenir la colonisation microbienne. La modification des surfaces d’acier par traitement chimique ou physique n’a eu aucune incidence sur le détachement de Saccharomyces cerevisiae, évalué in vitro à l’aide d’une chambre à écoulement cisaillé. Les interactions entre la surface microbienne et les éléments métalliques du film passif semblent jouer un rôle prépondérant dans cette forte adhésion. Une stratégie originale, basée sur un procédé plasma couplant la polymérisation d’hexaméthyldisiloxane au bombardement d’une cible d’argent dans une décharge asymétrique radiofréquence, a ensuite été mise en œuvre et optimisée. Les surfaces d’acier ont ainsi été recouvertes de films minces (~ 175 nm) nanocomposites, constitués d’une matrice organosiliciée, présentant des propriétés anti-adhésives vis-à-vis de S. Cerevisiae, dans laquelle ont été incluses des nanoparticules d’argent, dotées d’une forte réactivité antimicrobienne. Le couplage de techniques d’analyse complémentaires, opérant à différentes échelles, a permis de corréler les caractéristiques des films nanocomposites à leur efficacité anti-adhésive et antifongique. Une inhibition totale de l’adhésion des levures a ainsi été obtenue, en augmentant le caractère polaire de la matrice, par ajout d’oxygène dans le plasma. En parallèle, un abattement de la viabilité de 1,9 log a été atteint sur les levures sessiles. La suite de l’étude a été dédiée à la compréhension des mécanismes d’action de l’argent, impliqués dans l’activité antifongique des films nanocomposites. Une inactivation de certaines protéines pariétales et intracellulaires, corrélée à des altérations de l’ultra-structure cellulaire, a ainsi été mise en évidence. La confirmation de l’activité biocide des films nanocomposites, sur deux modèles procaryotes (Staphylococcus aureus et Escherichia coli), a révélé par ailleurs la nécessité d’un contact étroit entre microorganismes et revêtement. Enfin, la stabilité des propriétés des films nanocomposites a été évaluée. Une utilisation répétée des dépôts a mis en évidence une réduction de l’activité antifongique, corrélée à une augmentation de l’efficacité anti-adhésive, liée au relargage d’argent lors de la première utilisation
In the biomedical domain and the food industry, microbial adhesion to surfaces generates multiple negative consequences, in terms of human health, hygiene and safety of processed food. In this context, our approach is based on developing a 316L stainless steel surface treatment, to prevent microbial colonization. The surface modifications, mediated by chemical or physical treatment, did not promote Saccharomyces cerevisiae detachment, evaluated in vitro using a shear stress flow chamber. The interactions between the microbial surface and metallic elements of the passive film were hypothesized to play a predominant role in this strong adhesion. An original and dual strategy, based on a plasma process associating hexamethyldisiloxane polymerization and silver target bombardment in an asymmetrical radiofrequency discharge, was carried out and optimized. Stainless steel surfaces were thus coated with nanocomposite thin films (~ 175 nm), composed of an organosilicon matrix, exhibiting anti-adhesive properties towards S. Cerevisiae, in which were embedded silver nanoparticles, displaying a high antimicrobial reactivity. A large set of complementary analytical techniques, operating at different scales, was used to correlate nanocomposite film characteristics with their anti-adhesive and antimicrobial efficiency. A total inhibition of yeast cell adhesion was achieved, by increasing the matrix polar character, through oxygen addition during the plasma process. In parallel, a 1. 9 log reduction in viable counts was achieved for sessile yeast cells. Further experiments were dedicated to the thorough understanding of cellular changes induced by silver release. A deterioration of the secondary structure of proteins (cell wall, intracellular), combined with ultra-structure alterations, was observed. In addition, the biocide activity of the nanocomposite film was confirmed against two prokaryotic models (Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli). The necessity of a direct contact between microorganisms and coating was demonstrated for a maximal antimicrobial efficiency. Lastly, the durability of the coating properties was assessed through a repeated use of the nanocomposite films. A decrease in the antifungal activity, coupled to an anti-adhesive property enhancement, was noticed and explained by the silver release during the first use
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LI, Hsin-Hsien, and 李信賢. "The Applied Management Construction Research of Digital Multimedia Archive - A Case of Medical and Sanitary Broadcasting." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/92930333736862840584.

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碩士
大葉大學
資訊管理學系碩士在職專班
96
This research adopts the digital multimedia preservation application management model of “Changhua Christian Hospital” and takes the “National United University” as site to construct and research the communication of healthcare. This research takes the cost to integrate the concepts of “preservation”, “application”, “management”, and “constructing”; finally, it will construct a digital multimedia communication platform by the topic of healthcare communication. By the arrangement of time and assistance of advanced net monitor, the digital information about healthcare can communicate automatically through the digital TV. Thus, students’ perception to the information about healthcare will advance. This research expects it can provide reference for the constructing of multimedia preservation application management. It also expects it can reach the predictive result of the research purpose. According to the questionnaire survey result, the testees generally accepted the healthcare communication service provided by this system. We expand the prototype frame the “Changhua Christian Hospital” has finished and communicate it. By the questionnaire survey, we know the students can accept the service of this system. And this result matches the forecasting, as well as verifies the usability of the expanded communication of this research system.
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Books on the topic "Archivi sanitari"

1

Italy. Direzione generale per gli archivi., ed. Medicina e ospedali, memoria e futuro: Aspetti e problemi degli archivi sanitari : atti del convegno, Napoli, 20-21 dicembre 1996. Roma: Ministero per i beni e le attività culturali, Direzione generale per gli archivi, 2001.

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Division, New York Public Library Rare Book. United States Sanitary Commission records. Wilmington, Del.]: Scholarly Resources Inc., 1996.

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De regenda sanitate : un "regimen sanitatis" en el Archivo Capitular de la Catedral de Oviedo : edición y estudio. Oviedo: Eikasia, 2013.

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Tullett, William. Smell in Eighteenth-Century England. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198844136.001.0001.

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In England during the period between the 1670s and the 1820s a transformation took place in how smell and the senses were viewed. This book traces that transformation. The role of smell in creating medical and scientific knowledge came under intense scrutiny and the equation of smell with disease was actively questioned. Yet a new interest in smell’s emotive and idiosyncratic dimensions offered odours a new power in the sociable spaces of eighteenth-century England. Using a wide range of sources from diaries, letters, and sanitary records to satirical prints, consumer objects, and magazines, William Tullett traces how individuals and communities perceived the smells around them. From paint and perfume to onions and farts, this book highlights the smells that were good for eighteenth-century writers to think with. In doing so, the study challenges a popular, influential, and often cited narrative. Smell in Eighteenth-Century England is not a tale of the medicalization and deodorization of English olfactory culture. Instead, the book demonstrates that it was a new recognition of smell’s asocial-sociability, its capacity to create atmospheres of uncomfortable intimacy, that transformed the relationship between the senses and society. To trace this shift, the book also breaks new methodological ground. Smell in Eighteenth-Century England makes the case for new ways of thinking about the history of the senses, experience, and the body. Understanding the way past peoples perceived their world involves tracing processes of habituation, sensitization, and attention. These processes help explain which odours entered the archive and why they did so. They force us to recognise that the past was, for those who lived there, not just a place of unmitigated stench
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Book chapters on the topic "Archivi sanitari"

1

"ARCHIVOS CONSULTADOS." In Aportaciones de la Cruz Roja al comienzo de la aviación sanitaria ., 113–15. Dykinson, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1s7chn6.13.

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von Germeten, Nicole. "Conclusion." In Profit and Passion. University of California Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520297296.003.0009.

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The conclusion surveys how in nineteenth-century Mexico, Europe, and regions around the world under European colonial rule, sex work took place in an environment of increasing government intervention, a phase in the history of sexuality that extends into the twenty-first century. The concern about disease control took on a more scientific, sanitary tone in the eighteenth century. This discourse remained critical to sex work law, as it does to the present day. Through prolific regulations, scientific studies, works of literature, and statements made by sex workers themselves, the nineteenth and twentieth centuries saw an enormous increase in the archiving and inscribing of women who sold sex. But their roles remained the same: either pathetic victims (usually of non-whites or non-Christians or other feared populations), lascivious and scandalous disturbers of the peace, or dehumanized and horrific threats to public health. Imperialism and international conceptions of race/gender difference led to increasing government regulation in locations as dispersed as the disappearing Spanish American viceroyalties, extending outwards to Europe, Asia, and Oceania.
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CADDEO, Julie. "L’action des pouvoirs locaux face aux crises épidémiques au XVIIIe siècle." In Les épidémies au prisme des SHS, 99–108. Editions des archives contemporaines, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.5995.

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Faire l’histoire du droit de la santé à travers les archives, c’est mesurer conjointement comment les autorités publiques ont, à tous les niveaux, tenté de juguler les maladies, ont mis en place des mesures préventives et prophylactiques et quels sont les enjeux de la relation entre le pouvoir central et les administrations locales en tant de crise sanitaire. Cette contribution propose d'étudier le dernier siècle de l'Ancien Régime qui offre à ce titre une évolution profonde des mentalités, portée par la philosophie des Lumières qui émerge et replace la condition humaine au centre de sa réflexion, terreau propice à l'évolution de la santé. Chacun prend conscience de la dimension collective qu'elle revêt et, par conséquent, de la nécessité d'une prise en charge à ce même niveau. Ainsi, contre les fléaux sanitaires, les premières mesures d’une gestion prophylactique de l'épidémie sont mises en place. C'est également au siècle des Lumières que vont se développer plusieurs mesures de lutte contre le déclin de la qualité de vie dans cette ville parlementaire. Enfin, il s'agit de voir comment, par l'analyse des différentes actions des pouvoirs locaux et leur interaction avec le pouvoir royal au XVIIIe siècle, se manifeste la présence d'une organisation qui reste amorcée car non aboutie ni par ces derniers ni par le gouvernement central. La présente contribution s'efforce alors de répondre aux questions suivantes : quelle va être la traduction de la volonté de l’État, à travers les pouvoirs locaux, de gérer les crises épidémiques, de les canaliser, ainsi que de rationaliser son action ? Peut-on parler véritablement d'organisation de la santé publique au XVIIIe siècle ? A travers l'exemple français, il est établi qu'il existe, au dernier siècle de l'Ancien Régime, deux principaux temps de l'action des autorités publiques locales en matière de santé. La méthode d'analyse adoptée et proposée découle de ces deux grandes étapes qu'englobe la santé publique. Nous remarquons alors que la participation des acteurs locaux n'est pas homogène suivant que l'on se trouve dans une optique de prévention ou de lutte contre les épidémies. En matière de conservation de la santé, ces dernières vont, plutôt que de se défendre contre un mal déjà présent, tenter de le déceler avant qu'il ne se soit déclaré. Cela suppose alors une capacité à organiser et anticiper ce mal ainsi qu'une réactivité dans la prise de décision et l'exécution des mesures. On démontrera alors que la prévention fait intervenir systématiquement les parlements et les communautés de villes. Dans ce cas, l'explication se trouve dans le fait que la prévention mobilise la « police sanitaire », outil juridique de prédilection de ces derniers (Partie I). Au contraire, nos recherches démontrent que les intendants connaissent exclusivement de la mise en place et la gestion de la lutte contre les épidémies : l'explication tient au fait que cette lutte est menée au sein de la province, cadre privilégié de l'exercice de ses compétences, où ce dernier peut s'informer aisément des diverses situations locales et mettre en place les différents dispositifs de lutte au moyen de ses subdélégués (Partie II).
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Conference papers on the topic "Archivi sanitari"

1

Bostenaru Dan, Maria. "Carol Cortobius Architecture." In World Lumen Congress 2021, May 26-30, 2021, Iasi, Romania. LUMEN Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/wlc2021/08.

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Carol Cortobius was an architect trained in Germany, with an initial practice at Otto Wagner in Vienna, who worked for the Hungarian community in Bucharest building churches. An introduction on the catholic Hungarian community in Bucharest will be given. Dănuț Doboș in a monograph of one catholic church in Bucharest offers an overview of all his works. For the three catholic churches on which he intervened (two built, one restored, but altered now) there are monographs showing archive images not available for the general public. Apart of the catholic churches (two of the Hungarian community) he also built the baptist seminar. Particularly the first built church, Saint Elena, is interesting as an early example of Art Deco and will be analysed in the context of the Secession in Vienna and Budapest, which will be introduced. With help of historic maps the places of the works were identified. Many of them do not exist today anymore because of demolitions either to build new streets or those of the Ceaușescu period (ex. the opereta theatre, a former pharmacy). Images of these were looked for in groups dedicated to he disappeared Uranus neighbourhood The paper will show where these were located. Some of the common buildings have an interesting history, such as the first chocolate factory. Another interesting early Art deco building is the pelican house. There are common details between this and the restored church. The research will be continued with archive research in public archives when the sanitary situation will permit.
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2

Dolghi, Adrian. "Living conditions in orphanages of the Moldavian SSR in 1944–1947." In Patrimoniul cultural: cercetare, valorificare, promovare. Institute of Cultural Heritage, Republic of Moldova, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52603/9789975351379.22.

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The daily life in the Moldavian SSR orphanages during the post–war years was determined by the living conditions, the sanitary and hygienic state of the institutions, the provision of food and clothing, and the activities in which the children were involved. In the present paper, on the basis of unpublished archival documents and published documents, we elucidate the living conditions and the attitude towards children in the orphanages of the Moldavian SSR in the post–war years. Following the worsening of the social situation in the immediate post–war period in the Moldavian SSR, the number of orphans and vagrants increased. The solution of the Soviet state for this serious social problem was to expand the network of orphanages. On September 1, 1947, 21,553 children were already taken care of in 124 orphanages, a number that exceeded the possibilities of accommodation and food. The institutionalization of children was one of the solutions accepted ideologically by the Soviet Power. However, the ideological ideals did not correspond to the serious social realities in orphanages, where children lived in unsanitary conditions, also demonstrated by the numerous diseases caused by unsanitary conditions and lack of hygiene in the institutions: typhus, itching, tuberculosis. Children also suffered from malnutrition and dystrophy. The overall mortality rate among children was high.
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