Journal articles on the topic 'Archives of urban practices'
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Stratis, Socrates. "Contested Fronts Archive: Emancipatory urban practices for constructive conflict transformation." Art & the Public Sphere 9, no. 1-2 (December 1, 2020): 163–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/aps_00040_1.
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Decolonizing archiving practices is about emancipatory actions rather than databases. It is about conveying a multitude of actions where conflictual narratives exist. The process of democratization of societies in conflict could take place by increasing the degree of access, of the constitution and of interpretation of archives that have to do with collective memory and urban knowledge. In spaces of conflict, however, any kind of public archive, and collective memory are under the control of the dominant political powers. They use them to sustain divisive status quos. ‘Contested Fronts: Commoning Practices for Conflict Transformation’ challenges such control. It is the curatorial project of the Cyprus pavilion, curated by the author, for the 15th Venice Biennale of Architecture. It is an open-source archive, part of an agonistic architecture, that assembles international spatial practices, networks and pedagogical programmes. They are complementary to an activist Cypriot project, the ‘Hands-on Famagusta’ project. They all offer methods, inspirations and imaginaries about constructively transforming conflicts by encouraging the emergence of emancipatory commoning practices to support the commons during a potential reunification of the divided island of Cyprus. In the article, I shortly discuss the political dimensions of archive and its use by critical spatial practices. I further on, discuss issues concerning conflict and how its transformation can have constructive or destructive consequences. Additionally, I unpack the three notions constituting the ‘Contested Fronts’ commoning practices, those of countermapping, threshold and controversy. I examine how ‘Contested Fronts’ constitute an open-source archive thanks to its content, to its performativity as well as to its manifestation in the form of exhibition-on-the move.
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Munkholm, Johan Lau. "The Pursuit of Full Spectrum Dominance: The Archives of the NSA." Surveillance & Society 18, no. 2 (June 16, 2020): 244–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ss.v18i2.13266.
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This article explores the archives of the National Security Agency (NSA) and the inherent logic vested in the agency’s management of them. By drawing on Derrida’s conception of the archive and the compulsion to administer and complete it, this article suggests that the data collection practices, as well as the rhetoric, of the NSA indicate a specific logic of gathering and organizing data that presents a fantasy of perfect surveillance and pre-emptive intervention that stretches into the future to cancel emergent threats. To contextualize an understanding of the archival practices of the NSA within a wider conquest for complete security and US hegemony, this article outlines the US Department of Defense’s vision for full spectrum dominance, stressing that a show of force is exercised according to a logic of appropriate response that ranges from soft to hard power. As an organization that produces knowledge and risk factors based on data collection, the NSA is considered a central actor for understanding the US security regime’s increasing propensity for data-based surveillance that is fundamentally structured around the data center: a specific kind of archive.
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Carruthers, William. "Records of Dispossession: Archival Thinking and UNESCO's Nubian Campaign in Egypt and Sudan." International Journal of Islamic Architecture 9, no. 2 (July 1, 2020): 287–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ijia_00015_1.
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Abstract This article discusses the creation of architectural and archaeological archives in newly independent Egypt and Sudan during the International Campaign to Save the Monuments of Nubia, organized by UNESCO (The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization). This initiative took place in the contiguous border regions of Egyptian and Sudanese Nubia from 1960 until 1980 in response to the building of the Aswan High Dam. Contingency in these archives demonstrates the necessity of acknowledging the (post-) colonial social and historical conditions in which they were produced. UNESCO's campaign sought to record ancient remains that would be submerged by the High Dam's floodwaters. During the campaign, UNESCO set up 'documentation centres' that helped codify what knowledge about Nubian architecture/archaeology might be archive-worthy, producing index cards dedicated to this purpose in Egypt (concentrating on monuments) and Sudan (centring on archaeological sites). This practice ‐ echoed by other organizations involved in the work ‐ was often purposefully forgetful of contemporary Nubia, whose material traces were also soon to be flooded. Nevertheless, such practices rendered visible other unauthorised histories of Nubia that subverted archival knowledge production: histories of local involvement with the campaign and now-submerged Nubian settlements. This article therefore argues that it is not only possible, but also ethically imperative, to repurpose the Nubian campaign's archives towards the acknowledgement of erased Nubian histories.
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Muliaee, Maryam. "Recycling Destroyed Cities: Ruined Archives in Copy Art." Frames Cinema Journal 19 (February 18, 2022): 226–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15664/fcj.v19i0.2387.
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This essay adopts a practice-based methodology to examine works that use copy machine as a tool of archiveology. Case studies are two of my animated films, collectively titled Recycled Series (2016-2017), and other examples of copy art, in which a series of (original and archival) images/films are degenerated with a black-and-white copy machine. I frame the degenerated images in these works as ruined images – anarchives that copy machines can produce for sensory experiences. I place these works in the context of archiveology (Russell 2018) to highlight two aspects in the ruined images: first, how the use of degeneration techniques in archiveology engenders urban imaginary; second, how archiveology as a mode of media art challenges the norms of authenticity and media specificity and unfolds the agency of recycling tools such as copiers. Using a copy machine to recycle film images, archiveology couples the practices of storytelling with the (re)discovery of the technologies of archives.
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Huré, Maxime, and Arnaud Passalacqua. "La Rochelle, France, and the invention of bike sharing public policy in the 1970s." Journal of Transport History 38, no. 1 (November 4, 2016): 106–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022526616676275.
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The paper addresses an innovation in the history of transport as well as in the history of public policy. During the 1970s, the mid-sized city of La Rochelle (France) was probably the first place where an institutionalised bike sharing system was implemented. Crossing the materials of the local archives with the global dynamics of urban policies and mobility practices in Europe at that time explains the emergence of this innovation and allows reflection on the legacy of a forgotten first experiment.
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Simone, AbdouMaliq. "Designing Space for the Majority: Urban Displacements of the Human." Cubic Journal, no. 1 (April 2018): 124–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31182/cubic.2018.1.007.
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Social, historical and architectural research on urbanization processes in the Global South have increasingly valorized the contributions of an “urban majority” — a heuristic composite of working poor, working and lower middle class residents — to the formation of intricate repertoires of built forms, economic practices, infrastructures of affect, and collective sensibilities. Despite oscillating registers of structural violence, colonial residue, geopolitical instability, and systematic dispossession, metropolitan landscapes of the South are replete with an incessantly recalibrated intensity of working with and through uncertainty to deliver ways of life that skirt precarity. The auto-construction of the majority is usually associated with particular forms and practices. If the territories of operation usually associated with this urban majority may find themselves increasingly hemmed in by countervailing forces, is it possible to imagine new forms through which the “archives” of their capacities might be expressed? By intervening into the increasingly formatted, homogenized venues of residential and commercial space, it is possible to conceive new possibilities of the ways in which “majority life” can be re-enacted, but in a manner that strategically modulates the very ways in which that life is made visible.
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Koziatek, O., S. Dragićević, and S. Li. "GEOSPATIAL MODELLING APPROACH FOR 3D URBAN DENSIFICATION DEVELOPMENTS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B2 (June 7, 2016): 349–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b2-349-2016.
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With growing populations, economic pressures, and the need for sustainable practices, many urban regions are rapidly densifying developments in the vertical built dimension with mid- and high-rise buildings. The location of these buildings can be projected based on key factors that are attractive to urban planners, developers, and potential buyers. Current research in this area includes various modelling approaches, such as cellular automata and agent-based modelling, but the results are mostly linked to raster grids as the smallest spatial units that operate in two spatial dimensions. Therefore, the objective of this research is to develop a geospatial model that operates on irregular spatial tessellations to model mid- and high-rise buildings in three spatial dimensions (3D). The proposed model is based on the integration of GIS, fuzzy multi-criteria evaluation (MCE), and 3D GIS-based procedural modelling. Part of the City of Surrey, within the Metro Vancouver Region, Canada, has been used to present the simulations of the generated 3D building objects. The proposed 3D modelling approach was developed using ESRI’s CityEngine software and the Computer Generated Architecture (CGA) language.
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Molina, Diego. "Urban Spaces, Plants, and People in the Nineteenth-Century Bogotá, Colombia." Economic Botany 75, no. 3-4 (October 26, 2021): 268–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12231-021-09524-5.
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AbstractUrban Spaces, Plants, and People in the Nineteenth-Century Bogotá, Colombia. Despite recent efforts to understand the uses of plants in Latin American cities, we know little about ethnobotanical practices in the pre-industrial nineteenth-century urban environments of this region. In order to address this gap in the existing literature, I examined the uses of ornamental, edible, and medicinal plants alongside “non-timber forest products” (NTFPs) in daily life in Bogotá (Colombia) between 1830 and 1910. Primary and secondary data were collected from textual and iconographic historical sources in libraries, archives, museums, and herbaria in Colombia and the United Kingdom. The results suggest that access to urban spaces such as patios, solares, or adjacent ecosystems broadly defined the ways that people related to and used plants, which in turn illustrates how social hierarchies influenced botanical knowledge. This study represents an initial effort to explore the heretofore neglected history of ways of using plants in Latin American cities in the period immediately prior to their modernization.
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Fundisi, E., and W. Musakwa. "BUILT-UP AREA AND LAND COVER EXTRACTION USING HIGH RESOLUTION PLEIADES SATELLITE IMAGERY FOR MIDRAND, IN GAUTENG PROVINCE, SOUTH AFRICA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W7 (September 14, 2017): 1151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w7-1151-2017.
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Urban areas, particularly in developing countries face immense challenges such as climate change, poverty, lack of resources poor land use management systems, and week environmental management practices. Mitigating against these challenges is often hampered by lack of data on urban expansion, urban footprint and land cover. To support the recently adopted new urban agenda 2030 there is need for the provision of information to support decision making in the urban areas. Earth observation has been identified as a tool to foster sustainable urban planning and smarter cities as recognized by the new urban agenda, because it is a solution to unavailability of data. Accordingly, this study uses high resolution EO data Pleiades satellite imagery to map and document land cover for the rapidly expanding area of Midrand in Johannesburg, South Africa. An unsupervised land cover classification of the Pleiades satellite imagery was carried out using ENVI software, whereas NDVI was derived using ArcGIS software. The land cover had an accuracy of 85% that is highly adequate to document the land cover in Midrand. The results are useful because it provides a highly accurate land cover and NDVI datasets at localised spatial scale that can be used to support land use management strategies within Midrand and the City of Johannesburg South Africa.
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Wang, T., and L. Zhou. "APPLICATION OF OBLIQUE PHOTOGRAPHY AND GIS TECHNOLOGIES IN THE INTEGRATED CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF HISTORIC CITIES IN CHINA: PRACTICES IN SHIGATSE, TIBET AND QUANZHOU (ZAYTON), FUJIAN." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W15 (August 26, 2019): 1203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w15-1203-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Historic city, as the human settlement space developed in the earliest stage of a city, is the area that best demonstrates the profound cultural significance and urban spatial characteristics of a city. It is also an important and complex type in the field of international cultural heritage conservation. With China’s rapid urbanization in the last 30 years, large numbers of Chinese cities are becoming victims of urban problems. Both urban managers and researchers in related fields are well aware that urban development in the new era needs to be coped with from the perspective of leveraging existing stocks. The historic areas of a city make up a valuable stock of land in the city and an important spatial resource. A series of research topics arise in its wake: how to best preserve the characteristics of their historic layout, and avoid losing their identity; how to present its distinctive style with meticulous care; and how to make up for their deficiencies in infrastructure, public service, and environmental quality etc., while stimulating and evoking pride from city managers and the people in their historic city. The application of three-dimensional oblique photogrammetry and GIS technology in historical cities has provided more intuitive graphic support, more accurate spatial positioning, and more convenient data query and statistics for the conservation and development of historical cities. These not only facilitate better research, planning and design for professionals, but also assists city managers to make more adequate decisions.</p>
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Sisman, S., and A. C. Aydinoglu. "USING GIS-BASED MULTI-CRITERIA DECISION ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES IN THE SMART CITIES." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIV-4/W3-2020 (November 23, 2020): 383–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-4-w3-2020-383-2020.
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Abstract. The population of cities is increasing rapidly nowadays, and therefore, rational use of urban resources is required. With developing technology, the amount of data obtained from different sources also increases. This situation sometimes causes complex geographic decision problems in cities where many factors must be evaluated simultaneously. Difficulties in this decision-making process can be overcome by using Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) techniques. In this study, how the different MCDA techniques can be used in geographic-based problems and the most commonly used methods were examined in this context. The case applications on the adaptation of GIS-based MCDA techniques in smart cities were examined and explained. All of the examined case applications were carried out in the Pendik district of Istanbul. The subjects of the investigated case applications are, respectively, the evaluation of land suitability for determining urban development areas, producing a land value map for the management of the urban real estate, parking areas selection for sustainable urban transportation planning, and prioritizing suitable/alternative car parking areas. This study provides an effective implementation methodology for the hybrid use of GIS-based MCDA techniques within the scope of sustainable urban land management practices in smart cities.
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Onwuanyi, N., C. E. Ndinwa, and P. E. Chima. "Public Cemeteries of Benin City: Examining a Neglected Dimension of Urban Nigeria." July 2017 1, no. 2 (July 2017): 367–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.36263/nijest.2017.02.0038.
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Creating a sustainable urban landscape demands adequate provision for all categories of land use and the effective management of such spaces. However, urban management in Nigeria appears to pay little attention to space for the dead as can be observed in the poor physical and environmental conditions of public cemeteries. This situation amounts to an omission of, as well as a failure in, the duty to plan for, and effectively manage, all urban land needs. This paper investigates the three public cemeteries in Benin City to ascertain their physical and environmental conditions and management practices. Data for this study was gathered through primary and secondary sources: the cemeteries and their surroundings were physically inspected; data on cemetery management obtained directly from the responsible local officials; other data came from literature, publications and the archives. The findings confirm all three cemeteries to be in a neglected state; are challenged by a dearth of skilled staff, the absence of modern equipment and management techniques; and, being fenced-off from public view and almost always in an overgrown state, effectively are excluded from the urban environment. The recommendations are for an overhaul of these facilities and the institution of modern management charged with a mission to create environmentally-friendly, physically attractive and visually accessible cemeteries.
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Yan, J., S. W. Jaw, R. V. Son, K. H. Soon, and G. Schrotter. "THREE-DIMENSIONAL DATA MODELLING FOR UNDERGROUND UTILITY NETWORK MAPPING." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4 (September 19, 2018): 711–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-711-2018.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Cities around the world face an increasing need for land as density in urban areas increases rapidly. The pressure to expand a city’s space is especially acute for a city-state like Singapore. How to make better use of underground space? This issue becomes much more emergent in the urban development. In the big data era, a data-driven approach of underground spaces is necessary for the sustainable development of a city along with rapid urbanization. A reliable three dimensional (3D) digital map of utility networks is crucial for urban planners to understand one of the most impactful aspects of the underground space planning. The mapping underground utility networks is a challenging task, especially for cities with limited land resources, congested underground spaces, and a lack of uniform existing practices. This paper proposes a framework to organise the workflow from an underground utility data survey to data use. This framework includes two core parts: A 3D utility network data model that aims to convert utility survey data to 3D geospatial information, and a 3D utility cadastral data model that supports utility ownership management. It is expected that reliable and accurate information on underground utility networks can lead to a better understanding and management of underground space, which eventually contributes to better city planning, making the unseen structures visible.</p>
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Conte, Gonzalo. "A topography of memory: Reconstructing the architectures of terror in the Argentine dictatorship." Memory Studies 8, no. 1 (October 9, 2014): 86–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750698014552411.
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This essay introduces the work of Memoria Abierta (Open Memory), a non-governmental organisation that compiles, organises and distributes the mass of documentary evidence from human rights organisations and other personal and institutional archives connected to State terrorism in Argentina. It collates testimony on social and political life of the 1960s and 1970s and works on the territorial and spatial memory of the period of political violence in Argentina. Specifically, the ‘Topography of Memory’ section collects, systematises and produces documentation about sites, buildings and spaces that were used as spaces of temporary detention and clandestine detention centres, as well as spaces of recognition and remembrance. The decision to include architecture among the disciplines contributing to the organisation’s memory work has opened up possibilities for visualising the spaces that form the backdrop to the victims’ experience, as well walking through them. I shall discuss spaces where crimes were committed, including clandestine detention centres in urban, semi-urban and rural areas. Architectonic memory involves territories where traumatic events happened, ones characterised by the systematic use of repressive practices.
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Reinhuber, Elke. "The Urban Beautician: a practice of transferring ephemeral interventions in the public space via media into a work of art." Lumina 11, no. 2 (August 30, 2017): 60–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.34019/1981-4070.2017.v11.21442.
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In this artistic research, I argue that a range of artistic practices is capable of addressing relevant issues in our material, specifically our urban, environment. In particular, conceptual interventions or non-theatrical performances, which are in most cases mundane everyday activities that require transformation through media to be understood as art. Yet, as human memory is susceptible, media is also required to provide proof of the action for archives or exhibitions, or simply as a memento of the artwork itself. Lens-based media, such as photography and video-recording, are in most cases the ideal form of documentation and distribution, while the actual performance is transferred to another genre of artistic practice and dissociated from the immediate experience of the moment.This paper introduces the enduring work of the author’s alter ego, The Urban Beautician, and defines her actions and documentation of this work within the framework of the conceptual and performance art scene. An assiduous assessment of her artistic ancestry is given and a catalogue of her endeavours, categorised by diverse subjects, arranged to isolate the themes and to connect the topics.
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Ranjbar Nooshery, N., M. Taleai, R. Kazemi, and K. Ebadi. "DEVELOPING A WEB-BASED PPGIS, AS AN ENVIRONMENTAL REPORTING SERVICE." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W7 (September 12, 2017): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w7-115-2017.
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Today municipalities are searching for new tools to empower locals for changing the future of their own areas by increasing their participation in different levels of urban planning. These tools should involve the community in planning process using participatory approaches instead of long traditional top-down planning models and help municipalities to obtain proper insight about major problems of urban neighborhoods from the residents’ point of view. In this matter, public participation GIS (PPGIS) which enables citizens to record and following up their feeling and spatial knowledge regarding problems of the city in the form of maps have been introduced. In this research, a tool entitled CAER (Collecting & Analyzing of Environmental Reports) is developed. In the first step, a software framework based on Web-GIS tool, called EPGIS (Environmental Participatory GIS) has been designed to support public participation in reporting urban environmental problems and to facilitate data flow between citizens and municipality. A web-based cartography tool was employed for geo-visualization and dissemination of map-based reports. In the second step of CAER, a subsystem is developed based on SOLAP (Spatial On-Line Analytical Processing), as a data mining tools to elicit the local knowledge facilitating bottom-up urban planning practices and to help urban managers to find hidden relations among the recorded reports. This system is implemented in a case study area in Boston, Massachusetts and its usability was evaluated. The CAER should be considered as bottom-up planning tools to collect people’s problems and views about their neighborhood and transmits them to the city officials. It also helps urban planners to find solutions for better management from citizen’s viewpoint and gives them this chance to develop good plans to the neighborhoods that should be satisfied the citizens.
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Molinari, M. E., D. Oxoli, C. E. Kilsedar, and M. A. Brovelli. "USER GEOLOCATED CONTENT ANALYSIS FOR URBAN STUDIES: INVESTIGATING MOBILITY PERCEPTION AND HUBS USING TWITTER." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4 (September 19, 2018): 439–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-439-2018.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The availability of content constantly generated within theWeb has resulted in an incredibly rich virtual social environment from which it is possible to retrieve almost any sort of information. Since the advent of the social media connection with location-based services, this information has attracted the interest of manifold disciplines connected to the spatial data science. In this context, we introduce the URBAN-GEO BIG DATA (URBAN GEOmatics for Bulk Information Generation, Data Assessment and Technology Awareness), a Project of National Interest funded by the Italian Ministry of Education that aims at contributing to the exploitation of heterogeneous geodata sources such as VGI, geo-crowdsourcing, earth observation, etc. for a better understanding of urban dynamics. The presented work tackles one of the tasks requested by the project, which is connected to an investigation of the use of Twitter as a geodata source for retrieving valuable insights on the citizens’ interaction with mobility services and hubs. The study refers to five Italian cities, namely Milan, Turin, Padua, Rome, and Naples. Data collection is performed through the use of the Twitter streaming application programming interface. Collected data is analyzed by means of natural language processing techniques with Python. Results include a) extractions of mobility-related tweets presented by means of maps enabling the exploration of their spatial distribution within the cities, and b) a classification of the mobility-related tweets by means of sentiment analysis, allowing to investigate citizens’ perceptions of mobility services. A light and reproducible procedure to achieve these results is also outlined. In general terms, the results are intended for providing snapshots of the citizen interaction with both mobility infrastructure and services enabling a better description of mobility patterns and habits within the studied cities. The work leverages the geo-crowdsourced data within the traditional urban management practices in Italy and investigates the benefits, drawbacks, limitations connected to these data sources, which is the ultimate goal of the URBAN-GEO BIG DATA project.</p>
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Pratas-Cruzeiro, Cristina, Helena Elias, Catarina Valente, and Tânia Cortez. "Addressing SITU_ACCÃO: Case Study of an Artistic Intervention and Research into Public Spaces." Arte, Individuo y Sociedad 33, no. 2 (February 2, 2021): 433–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/aris.68503.
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This article explores the embodiment of the art historical avant-garde legacy through some of the artistic manifestations across the 20th century, in public spaces. At the same time, it discusses the incorporation of such historical background in contemporary collaborative research practices. It does so by addressing the case study of the collective Situ_Acção, a group of artists and researchers from different fields of arts and communication, whose activity is focused on intervention in the city, based on action and collaborative research and shared reflection on urban phenomena, associated with public arts.
First, it will be described how Situ_Acção started a common ground for the inquiry: the legacy of urban murals in Lisbon. By investigating the Portuguese digital archives of urban murals of the 1970s and 1980s, Situ_Acção applied spatial artistic techniques to overcome the missing information regarding the places of intervention. In addition, the use of performance and on-site installation implements alternative approaches to communicate research to a wider audience. This exercise will allow different degrees of participation within the work of art in progress. The project Memory in the Walls (MOWS) will be described in the concluding chapter, in order to explore such degrees of interaction.
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Singh, Balbir K. "Decoding Dress: Countersurveillance Poetics and Practices Under Permanent War." Surveillance & Society 17, no. 5 (December 10, 2019): 662–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ss.v17i5.12935.
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In the wake of renewed attacks on both Muslim and Sikh communities, the hijab and turban continue to be enveloped as important material objects in the racialization of Muslim and Sikh bodies. Analyzing contemporary visual culture as both testament and counter-archive to a geopolitical project of Islamophobia, this article moves to both assemble and update how these unsettling figures are read and apprehended by statist forces and how they inventively resist such forms of scrutiny. Comparative in scope, I look at the racial, gendered, and queer configurations that the religious symbols and objects of hijab and turban provide. Specifically, this article examines the twinned contradictions in arguments around religious freedom, as well as the imperialist discourses of security and insurgency in the ongoing Global Wars on Terror. Through readings of recent events, ephemera, and visual culture, this article argues that the aligned politics of recognition of these two bodies has important effects for the racial, gendered, and sexual politics of American empire.
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Basset-Salom, L., and A. Guardiola-Víllora. "MAPPING AN URBAN CITY CENTRE FOR SEISMIC RISK ASSESSMENT: APPLICATION TO VALENCIA (SPAIN)." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIV-M-1-2020 (July 24, 2020): 817–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-m-1-2020-817-2020.
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Abstract. Seismic risk in urban city centres may be high, even when the city is in low to moderate seismic areas, due to the vulnerability of the residential buildings. To assess the seismic vulnerability and estimate the expected damage in case of occurrence of an earthquake, an up-to-date detailed and comprehensive information of the residential building stock, such as number of dwellings, location, age, geometry, stiffness irregularities, structure, constructive system and practices, among others, is needed. This paper presents the authors experience, describing the step by step procedure followed to obtain the required information to classify and catalogue the residential buildings of the historical neighbourhoods of the city of Valencia into a database. Official sources, like the Cadastral Database, the website of the Urban Planning Service of the city of Valencia, the Municipal Historical Archive of Valencia, and the Historical Archive of the Valencian Architects Society, but also unexpected references are shared, pointing out the information that has been retrieved and its reliability. Additionally, relevant information must be obtained with an on-site data collection. This field work is essential not only to prove the accuracy of the abovementioned data but also to define some of the parameters related to the building vulnerability.The built database, included in a GIS system, has been used by the authors for seismic risk studies. This procedure can be implemented in future assessments at an urban scale.
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Chen, W. "COWORKING SPACES IN CHINA: DEVELOPING A NEW STRATEGY OF REUSING INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE PROPERTIES UNDER SHARING ECONOMY." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVI-M-1-2021 (August 28, 2021): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlvi-m-1-2021-117-2021.
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Abstract. This paper investigates the spatial pattern and operating mechanism of coworking spaces based on existing practices in Shanghai with focus on the rising phenomenon of industrial heritage-based coworking spaces. The geographical distribution of the coworking clusters along the riverside of Huangpu River was analyzed refer to the abundant industrial properties remains, due to some historical reasons in modern history as well as local contribution in advancing creativity to support cultural-led regeneration. On the basis of the spatial analysis and value interpretation of those coworking spaces which retrofitted from industrial heritages, the paper proposes a conservative strategy in presenting the cultural and social value of the industrial heritages in coworking context, through the provision of underpinning urban identity and cultural meaning with contemporary social working style. To conclude, we discuss the applicability of the conservation-based strategy by highlighting its attributes in community base and corresponding advantages in cultivating conservation awareness grassrootly and innovatively in workplace, hoping to shed lights to further enhancement on exploring the urban philosophies under current governmental policies and political emphasis of sharing economy and urban renewal in China.
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BEDI, TARINI. "Urban Histories of Place and Labour: The Chillia Taximen of Bombay/Mumbai." Modern Asian Studies 52, no. 5 (May 10, 2018): 1604–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x17000191.
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AbstractWhen it comes to historical and ethnographic accounts of transport labour outside the West, scholars have only recently intervened to correct the paucity of systematic scholarship in this area. This article is in conversation with scholarship in both labour history and urban anthropology through which it links the modern history of a particular mode of urban transport (the taxi) and the labouring history of those who drive, move, and fix it. Through a focus on a community of hereditary taxi drivers known aschilliain the Indian city of Bombay/Mumbai, this article expands our understanding of labour experiences of the city through the twentieth century and into the present. It moves between historical archives, oral history, and lived experience to illuminate how the labour of transport workers structures circulations, collective identities, and urban space. It explores several dimensions of the history and present of transport labour in India. First, it is concerned with the connection between the work of hereditary motoring and the reconfiguration and constitution of communal identities in contexts of urban labour migration. Second, it is interested how labour practices become embedded in broader social and cultural space. Third, given that chillia have continued in the trade for over 100 years, the article explores the circuits of work and labour surrounding their trade to illuminate intersections between political and cultural shifts in Mumbai, changing conditions of work in contemporary contexts of globalizing capital, and the forms of ‘non-consent’ that emerge out of these networks.
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Hall, Billy, and Daniella Santoro. "Learning Race through Place and Time: Critical Geographic Approaches to Antiracist Collaborative Ethnography." Practicing Anthropology 37, no. 4 (September 1, 2015): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/0888-4552-37.4.18.
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In the summer of 2013, as part of an ethnographic methods training program in Tallahassee, Florida, field school students were critically engaged in collaborative participatory research on experiences of race and racism. This article reflects on some of the many connections between race, space, place, and time we saw unfold in Tallahassee and advances a methodology that melds participatory ethnography with critical geographic approaches. Here, we present two cartographic practices through which an ethnographic space was articulated for understanding how social archives of racial histories accumulate over time and are mapped onto urban space. In attending to a palimpsest of racial relations in space and time, we see new potentials for a critical geographic approach to antiracist ethnography. We suggest ethnographers can better research, rewrite, and redress the uneven productions of space by rescaling our investigations into the material and remembered worlds lived by those bound up in racial struggles.
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Göbel, Hanna Katharina. "Making Cultural Values out of Urban Ruins: Re-enactments of Atmospheres." Space and Culture 24, no. 3 (March 22, 2021): 408–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1206331221997696.
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This article calls for a consideration of the reuse aesthetics of urban ruins in terms of cultural valuations related to the political status of social practices. In the context of debates on ruins in the field of memory studies and along the division between politics and the political, I argue for the recognition of affective atmospheric practices based upon performative knowledge-making and reenactments of atmospheres from the past. As demonstrated by an example of reuse in Berlin in the 2000s, these practices recall rituals and routines from the pasts of ruins by performatively exploring their futures. This position will be critically situated within the debate about “socially engaged arts” and the neoliberal “creative city” policies in the city of Berlin. It will also be presented as a cultural value-making in conflict with the paradigm of historical reconstruction in architecture and planning aimed at creating architectural replications from the archive. The article concludes with a reflection on reenactments as cultural value-making, a perspective that may have an effect on heritage policies.
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Artan, Elif Çiğdem. "'#OccupyGezi Architecture' and Archival Tactics of Resistance." International Journal of Islamic Architecture 9, no. 2 (July 1, 2020): 409–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ijia_00020_1.
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Abstract Herkes için Mimarlık ('Architecture for All', HiM) is a group of architects, urban planners, designers, and sociologists who conduct participatory renovation projects. They were involved in the Occupy Gezi Park movement by questioning top-down urban politics in Istanbul, developing a series of online and on-site events including the Gezi Festivals, interview videos, timelines, zines, and exhibitions. Working from these case studies, this article examines the ways HiM archived the occupied milieu as a means of resistance: How do the materials that HiM documented during the Occupy Gezi Park movement contribute to knowledge production through a non-authoritarian and a non-linear history writing? I argue that temporality plays a crucial role in this process, as it is impossible to predetermine the duration of a protest movement and the course of events complicates decision-making regarding what to include or exclude in the archive. Through in-depth interviews and archival research that focus on HiM's public events and design works, this article examines the group's curatorial and documentation practices with respect to questions of authenticity, authorship, accessibility, and security.
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Vera, Kliuev. "Fragments of the Soviet Past: Evolution of Contemporary Russian Pentecostals." TECHNOLOGOS, no. 1 (2021): 76–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/perm.kipf/2021.1.07.
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Soviet and modern Pentecostal practices of participation/non-participation in public life have been analyzed in this article. The author has formulated a question of research: does the Soviet experience influence the formation of norms and practices among conservative Pentecostals? In this article the author used field materials collected in urban and rural communities of the European Russia, the Urals, Siberia and the Republic of Kazakhstan in the 2010s. The main method of data collection is the Biographical Narrative Interview Method. These narratives were supplemented and verified by documents of government authorities from central and regional archives and ego-documents of believers (testimonies, memoirs, and letters). Soviet Pentecostals created their own internal space with specific ways of communication, regulation of community life. Soviet Pentecostals in the Evangelical community were distinguished by specific religious practices. They were characterized by social isolationism. They created their own meaning of participation/non-participation in the everyday life of secular society and Soviet practices. Pentecostals developed a strategy of passive participation in military service, had their own ideas about the possibility of obtaining higher education. They had their own view of Soviet social and cultural life. Pentecostals were subjected to social exclusion due to ideological reasons, but they were able to integrate into Soviet everyday life. In the post-Soviet period, most restrictions ceased to exist and believers were able to adapt to the current situation. At the same time, they retained restrictions based on theological and doctrinal principles. Until now, Pentecostal churches still maintain rules of conduct in everyday life, including those based on the Soviet experience.
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Saber, O., and T. Mazri. "SMART CITY SECURITY ISSUES: THE MAIN ATTACKS AND COUNTERMEASURES." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVI-4/W5-2021 (December 23, 2021): 465–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlvi-4-w5-2021-465-2021.
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Abstract. A smart city is an urban area based on a variety of services that uses information and communication technologies (ICTs) to improve operational efficiency and citizen's quality of life. It also leans towards meeting the economic, social, environmental, and cultural needs of dwellers. Technologies can add many benefits to smart city to facilitate communication and efficiently manage assets, resources, and services. However, technologies bring new security issues that need to be addressed to ensure data confidentiality, integrity, and availability. This paper provides an overview of the smart city concept by highlighting its main applications and services, presenting some susceptible attacks that can touch the security of applications, and some good practices to ensure the smart city security.
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De Filippi, F., R. Pennacchio, L. Restuccia, and S. Torres. "TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE AND CONTEXT-BASED APPROACH TO ANTI-SEISMIC RETROFITTING TECHNIQUES FOR VERNACULAR ADOBE BUILDINGS IN COLOMBIA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIV-M-1-2020 (July 24, 2020): 1089–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-m-1-2020-1089-2020.
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Abstract. In Colombia earthen buildings, mostly adobe, makes up 80% of the national monumental heritage and historic urban centres. Moreover, vernacular earthen techniques have been largely used for dwellings in rural villages, small towns or informal settlements and represent, nowadays, a huge architectural and cultural heritage of the country. Due the brittle behaviour and low ductility of the building material, characterized by both low tensile and bending strength, earth constructions show high seismic vulnerability; nevertheless, though Colombian earthquake hazard level is considered very high, current national seismic building regulations do not include any reference to earthen architecture. Seismic failure mechanisms most frequently occurring to masonry architecture, as adobe buildings rehabilitation techniques and seismic behaviour improvement practices, have been widely published. This paper aims to investigate possible causes associated to failure mechanisms due to common adobe building practices in Colombia and intervention strategies, to be eventually implemented in order to reduce risks. The paper focuses on strategies and technologies for seismic retrofitting, while evaluating their effectiveness and feasibility through ‘sustainability’ indicators, based on literature quantitative and qualitative data, and strictly related to rural Colombian economic, social and environmental conditions, where available resources are scarce and labour often not qualified.
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Kelly, Nicholas. "Facing Surveillance: Personified Surveillance, Algorithmic Injustice, and the Myth of Big Brother in Post-Snowden Popular Culture." Surveillance & Society 20, no. 2 (June 15, 2022): 172–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ss.v20i2.14492.
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This article examines an archive of recent films, fiction, and interactive media that use personified representations of surveillance to depict and critique real-world surveillance practices. It shows how these works, like George Orwell’s 1984 (1949), use personification to depict secretive, complex surveillance networks and convey the supposed meaning of those networks to surveilled subjects: someone is watching you. While such representations of surveillance fail to account for the automated, algorithmic nature of modern surveillance practices and technologies, they dominate the perception of surveillance in the popular imaginary. Such representations contribute to a myth of digital surveillance as active and individualized, a Big Brother vision of surveillance that ignores or erases how automated surveillance and algorithmic evaluation of human beings can reinforce and exacerbate structural inequalities.
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Rodas, C., S. Vintimilla, and S. Astudillo. "ANALYSIS AND ASSESSMENT OF VIEWS UNDER THE CONSIDERATIONS OF HISTORICAL URBAN LANDSCAPE (HUL). CASE STUDY CUENCA, ECUADOR." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W15 (August 26, 2019): 993–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w15-993-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The cities have developed over time responding to various urban dynamics, in this process have been configured representative images, product of the synergy created between the natural elements of the environment and those built by the communities. The analysis of visuals, materializes a landscape value, not evidenced at the time of planning and design projects for cities with value surroundings; you can take as an example those good practices that other countries have implemented to assess, preserve and protect views such as English Heritage (2011), London View Management Framework (2012) or View Protection Guidelines of the city of Vancouver (2011). The methodological analyzes the view in two stages: the first one strategic points of observation and view basins are identified and described as element integrators &ndash; what is seen, and through citizen participation accepts or does not accept the evaluation criteria; in the second, the view is evaluated through the relationship between quality and incidence, giving it an assessment of how fragile it is. The application of the methodology in the area known as El Ejido in the city of Cuenca &ndash; Ecuador, has resulted in a total of twentyeight visuals considered relevant. Nine of them, have been analyzed completely, evidencing that there is a view quality very High / High; nevertheless, they are affected by urban actions that generate that the incidence is High and therefore the fragility and vulnerability is greater.</p>
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Zhu, W., W. Tan, L. Ma, D. Zhang, J. Li, and M. A. Chapman. "A CAPSNETS APPROACH TO PAVEMENT CRACK DETECTION USING MOBILE LASER SCANNNING POINT CLOUDS." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B1-2021 (June 28, 2021): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b1-2021-39-2021.
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Abstract. Routine pavement inspection is crucial to keep roads safe and reduce traffic accidents. However, traditional practices in pavement inspection are labour-intensive and time-consuming. Mobile laser scanning (MLS) has proven a rapid way for collecting a large number of highly dense point clouds covering roadway surfaces. Handling a huge amount of unstructured point clouds is still a very challenging task. In this paper, we propose an effective approach for pavement crack detection using MLS point clouds. Road surface points are first converted into intensity images to improve processing efficiency. Then, a Capsule Neural Network (CapsNet) is developed to classify the road points for pavement crack detection. Quantitative evaluation results showed that our method achieved the recall, precision, and F1-score of 95.3%, 81.1%, and 88.2% in the testing scene, respectively, which demonstrated the proposed CapsNet framework can accurately and robustly detect pavement cracks in complex urban road environments.
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Saumarez Smith, Otto. "Action for Cities: the Thatcher government and inner-city policy." Urban History 47, no. 2 (May 30, 2019): 274–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926819000543.
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AbstractThis article surveys the Thatcher administration's approach to inner-city policy. It uses recently opened archives to reignite the debate over how far these years marked a radical break with past practices towards market-oriented approaches. The first part explains why inner cities became such a central issue for the Conservative party, running through all areas of domestic policy and taking up a vast amount of legislative time. The second part details some of the transatlantic neo-liberal ideas that blamed inner-city ills on government intervention, which were increasingly influential amongst senior Conservatives. The third section shows how little free market ideology actually succeeded in directing government policy, which more often than not saw an expansion of the role of the state. Antagonism with local authorities is revealed to have been a much more important and influential factor. These themes are expanded in the fourth section, which charts the Action for Cities policy drive of Thatcher's final term.
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Jolly, Priscilla. "Tropical Topographies: Mapping the Malarial in The Calcutta Chromosome." eTropic: electronic journal of studies in the Tropics 21, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 285–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.25120/etropic.21.1.2022.3837.
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This paper reads colonial archives of malaria in conjunction with Amitav Ghosh’s futuristic medical thriller The Calcutta Chromosome (1995) and contends that the novel, loosely based on Sir Roland Ross, ruptures narratives of colonial expertise. The colonial expertise on malaria is embodied by Ross, an officer in the Indian Medical Service; this is in contrast with the model of expertise proposed by the novel. While Ross’s expertise is predicated on the domination of nature and controlling diseased tropical landscapes, the novel resists imperial strategies of mapping and disease control. This paper argues that The Calcutta Chromosome presents an alternative attempt to map the malarial, rewriting history by displacing actors such as Ross and instead placing two colonial subjects, Murugan and Mangala, at the centre of new mapping practices. The novel further questions the notion of ‘colonial improvement’ which malaria facilitated in imperial regimes. Deviating from the colonial history of improving the native body and landscape as a cure for malaria, the novel foregrounds subjugated subjects working at the peripheries of laboratories and scientific practices and thus subverts the notion of the ‘improved subject’ by proposing the idea of the mutational, transformational ‘Calcutta chromosome.’
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Simoes, J., and A. Cerciello. "SERVING GEOSPATIAL DATA USING MODERN AND LEGACY STANDARDS: A CASE STUDY FROM THE URBAN HEALTH DOMAIN." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVIII-4/W1-2022 (August 6, 2022): 419–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlviii-4-w1-2022-419-2022.
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Abstract. The eMOTIONAL Cities project sets out to understand how the natural and built environment can shape the feelings and emotions of those who experience it. It does so with a cross-disciplinary approach which includes urban planners, doctors, psychologists, neuroscientists and engineers. At the core of this research project, lies a Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) which assembles datasets that characterise the emotional landscape and built environment, in different Cities across Europe and the US. The SDI is a key tool, not only to make the research data available within the project consortium, but also to allow cross-fertilisation with other ongoing projects and later on, to reach a wider public audience. For more than twenty years SDIs have adopted the OGC W*s service interfaces, which are based on SOAP, the Simple Object Access Protocol. In recent years a new “family” of APIs has emerged within OGC, which is more aligned with modern web practices. In this project, we set out to leverage the advantages of this new approach, and compiled a stack to implement an SDI based on OGC APIs. However, we realised that we still need to support the legacy standards, either because an OGC API replacement is not mature enough, or there are no implementations available. This has led us to compile another stack based on the legacy standards. In this paper we describe our architecture, along with the challenges that we had to address. Both stacks are based on OSGeo Software, and they are available on GitHub.
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Lee, Min Kyung, and Sean Weiss. "Introduction: Cities on Paper: On the Materiality of Paper in Urban Planning." Journal of Urban History 46, no. 2 (September 19, 2019): 239–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0096144219876603.
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This introduction to this special section, “Cities on Paper: On the Materiality of Paper in Urban Planning,” explores the vital role played by paper documents in the practice of urban planning linked to the shaping of modern cities in Europe and the United States during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. This introductory essay considers recent literature on the materiality of paper to show the significance of examining the visual and written information transcribed on its surface in concert with assessing how it has been assembled, organized, reproduced, circulated, distributed, and archived. By exploring such uses of paper documents in urban planning practices, such cartography, arboriculture, maintenance, and the production and dissemination of expert knowledge, the five essays in this section demonstrate the relevance of the material culture of paper within the municipal and national bureaucracies that spearheaded dramatic urbanization campaigns in modern cities.
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Semenova, Ekaterina Yu. "Urban Population of the Russian Periphery in the Days of the First World War: Special Considerations for Identifying Documents on Issues of Public Sentiment and Behavioral Practices." Herald of an archivist, no. 4 (2018): 984–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2018-4-984-995.
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The article offers a systematization of archival sources on formation and development of public moods and behavioral practices of the rear zone population of the Russian periphery in the days of World War I. The following groups of archival sources have been identified: laws and regulations of central and local authorities (circulars, resolutions of ministries and departments, governors, heads of gubernia gendarme departments, commissars of the Provisional Government, orders of garrison commanders); record keeping materials (reports of gendarmerie officials, governors, uezd police officers, polizeimeisters, and police supervisors (nadzirateli); reports of self-government institutions; censorship officers reports; reports and reviews of various committees, meetings, societies, cultural and educational institutions); personal provenance sources (letters, memoirs, anonymous and named complaints and police information); statistical and reference materials. This complex of sources allows to characterize public sentiments and behavioral practices of provincial towns citizens in the wartime: their perception of reality in the changing multifaceted demographic situation; attitudes towards national and confessional groups and their representatives; their reaction to veterans, wounded, prisoners of war, recruits, personnel of rear garrisons, and refugees; leisure possibilities; cultural entertainment and its impact on mood and behavior of citizens; their attitude towards authority and its representatives; impact of the opposition on political activities and dissatisfaction of citizens; organization of supply and its influence on socio-political processes in the urban environment; transformation of official national paradigm. The case-study of the Volga region registers difficulties in identification of sources in the fonds of regional and central archives, which pertain to the subject. The regional specificity in structure and content of archival materials is demonstrated.
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Dursun, İ., A. Varlık, and E. Ayyıldız. "INTEGRATION AND WEB-BASED PRESENTATION OF 3D CITY MODELS AND BIM DATA: THE CASE OF THE KÖYCEĞİZ CAMPUS." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B4-2022 (June 2, 2022): 513–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b4-2022-513-2022.
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Abstract. Smart cities increase the quality of life of people living in cities with the help of technology. They are the living spaces where practices that minimize the adverse effects of city life are implemented. The ever-growing and complex structure of cities has increased the need to include advanced information and communication technologies in management processes. In addition, the creation and use of three-dimensional (3D) city models in different areas are becoming widespread. 3D city models can be used for spatial analysis and visualization in various applications such as urban and telecommunications planning, disaster management, real-time simulations for educational purposes, and facility management. New concepts and techniques such as 3D GIS and virtual geographic environments are still under development in this context. In addition, Building Information Modelling (BIM) processes are of great importance for the construction of buildings, from manufacturing to operation and management, to the theme of smart cities.In this study, three-dimensional (3D) city models produced by terrestrial and aerial photogrammetry, BIM, and campus infrastructure projects produced by the theme of smart cities were presented on the web. Evaluations were made on the comparison and integration of the mentioned systems.
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Oxoli, D., and M. A. Brovelli. "CITIZEN-GENERATED GEODATA FOR NATURAL PARKS USE ANALYSIS: INSIGHTS FROM FACEBOOK IN THE INSUBRIA REGION." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B4-2021 (June 30, 2021): 195–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b4-2021-195-2021.
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Abstract. Green areas such as natural parks provide citizens with a number of health and leisure benefits, often accessible with a few minutes of travel from urban centres. Moreover, the natural heritage enclosed in most green areas plays a pivotal role also in the economic integrity of these territories by driving local growth thanks to the establishment of tourism activities. In this context, the monitoring of both visitors and dwellers fluxes, as well as destination preferences, is key to provide land managers with critical information to shape local management and promotion strategies. This paper presents a preliminary investigation on the use of citizen-generated geodata -provided by Facebook- to empower the generation of space- and time-resolved insights into people fluxes in natural parks through a comparison with neighbouring urbanized areas. The Insubria region, a historical-geographical area between Northern Italy and Southern Switzerland, is considered a case study. Facebook users’ population and movements data are analysed to identify trends and metrics on fluxes and support the estimation of the recreational and tourism value of natural parks. Results are presented as graphs and summary statistics and discussed according to their possible integration into territorial management and promotional practices.
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Yu, Zhang. "Comprehensive Analysis of Technical Management of Urban Underground Rail Transit Construction: A Case Study of Chengdu Metro Line 17." E3S Web of Conferences 283 (2021): 02011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128302011.
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With the advancement and strengthening of urbanization, supercities are continually emerging; however, the traffic problems that accompany this growth actually hinder urban development. Thus, construction of an urban underground rail transit system is an important civil project for utilization of urban underground space. In particular, numerous railway and tunnel projects have been implemented in China during the past few decades with great progress made in rail transit construction technology. Nonetheless, many technical challenges have also been encountered in areas of design, construction, safe operation, and maintenance. To examine such problems, the Phase I project of China’s Chengdu Metro Line 17 is comprehensively analyzed as a case study, and an in-depth discussion is given on the construction technology and technical management practices. The data obtained in the management process are classified and archived to form a complete dataset of technical project management. After the project is completed, the experience and lessons in technical management will be summarized to form reference material for similar projects in the future.
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Dwivedula, Rohit, R. Madhuri, K. Srinivasa Raju, and A. Vasan. "Multiobjective optimisation and cluster analysis in placement of best management practices in an urban flooding scenario." Water Science and Technology 84, no. 4 (July 16, 2021): 966–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2021.283.
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Abstract This research is being carried out to study how best management practices (BMPs) can mitigate the negative effects of urban floods during extreme rainfall events. Strategically placing BMPs throughout open areas and rooftops in urban areas serves multiple purposes of storage of rainwater, removal of pollutants from surface runoff and sustainable utilisation of land. This situation is framed as a multiobjective optimisation problem to analyse the trade-offs between multiple goals of runoff reduction, construction cost and pollutant load reduction. Output includes a wide range of choices to choose from for decision makers. Proposed methodology is demonstrated with a case study of Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation (GHMC), India. A historical extreme rainfall event of 237.5 mm which occurred in 2016 and extreme rainfall event of 1,740.62 mm corresponding to representative concentration pathway (RCP) 2.6 were considered for analysis. Two multiobjective optimisation algorithms, namely non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-III (NSGA-III) and constrained two-archive evolutionary algorithm (C-TAEA) are used to solve the BMP placement problem, following which the resulting Pareto-fronts are ensembled. K-Medoids-based cluster analysis is performed on the resulting ensembled Pareto-front. The proposed ensembled approach identified ten possible BMP configurations, with costs ranging from Rs. to surface runoff reduction ranging from to and pollutant load removal ranging from tonnes. Use of BMPs in future events has the potential to reduce surface runoff from , while simultaneously removing tonnes of pollutants for cost ranging from The proposed framework forms an effective and novel way to characterise and solve BMP optimisation problems in context of climate change, presenting a view of the urban flooding scenario today, and the likely course of events in the future.
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Çaylı, Eray. "Field as Archive / Archive as Field." International Journal of Islamic Architecture 9, no. 2 (July 1, 2020): 251–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ijia_00013_2.
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Abstract This article introduces the special issue 'Field as Archive / Archive as Field': a set of critical reflections on archival research and fieldwork in academic studies focused on space. The special issue asks, how might the experience of carrying out research in the archive and the field, with all its contingencies and errancies, be taken seriously as empirical material in its own right? In other words, rather than reducing the research process to an empirically insignificant instrument through which to access useable data, how could scholars and practitioners of architecture treat this work as the very stuff of the histories, theories, criticisms, and/or practices they produce? In raising these questions that remain relatively underexplored, especially in architectural research, this special issue works from the contemporary historical juncture that is marked by an increasing visibility of rhetorical and physical hostility throughout social and political affairs. Probing how this historical juncture might impact and be impacted by spatial research, contributors to the special issue explore these impacts through the markedly urban and architectural registers in which they take place, including heritage, infrastructure, displacement, housing, and protest. They, moreover, do so through a variety of contexts relevant to the journal's scope: Egypt, Zanzibar, Turkey, Greece, Iran, and Israel/Palestine.
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Pontrandolfi, R. "URBAN-RURAL: “TIBURTINO” DISTRICT IN ROME AND RURAL VILLAGE “LA MARTELLA” IN MATERA AS EMBLEMATIC CASES OF SETTLEMENTS DURING THE ITALIAN RECONSTRUCTION." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIV-M-1-2020 (July 24, 2020): 789–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-m-1-2020-789-2020.
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Abstract. The architectural and urbanistic events of the Reconstruction in the post-World War II period in Italy are still today a topic of great relevance that deserves to be examined in depth, especially in relation to some examples of historical-testimonial value present, in particular, in the U.N.R.R.A. Casas (1947–62) development/project and the INA Casa Plan (1949–63). The revision of the principles of the modern movement in many construction experiences, established a sort of break in favor of an attempt to reinterpret the architectural tradition in a contemporary and local key so as to respond to the needs of local communities, through the use of a moderate and authentic language that represented them. In this sense, the trend of Italian Architectural Neorealism constitutes an event and an experience of great interest. The re-reading of that season deserves to be examined in depth through the analysis of two of the most emblematic cases: the “Tiburtino” INA Casa district in Rome (1949–54) and the “La Martella” U.N.R.R.A. Casas rural village in Matera (1951–55). In the two case studies, the dichotomy between urban-rural is underlined by the experimentation of new urban practices from an organicist approach, innovative typological aggregations and the search for a common language that would adopt the canons of the vernacular tradition with the efficiency of pre-war functionalism. The differences, but also the similarities, between the two cases will be analyzed in this contribution both from an urbanistic and typological-architectural point of view, in reference both to the different design approaches (some of the designers are involved in both experiences) and to the transformations of the two settlements in recent decades. The aim of the research work is to propose hypotheses for a sustainable recovery of the settlements.
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Florentino, R., M. Correia, G. Sousa, and G. Carlos. "VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE AND TRADITIONAL URBANISM IN THE WORLD HERITAGE CULTURAL LANDSCAPE PROPERTY OF PICO, IN AZORES (PORTUGAL)." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIV-M-1-2020 (July 24, 2020): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-m-1-2020-159-2020.
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Abstract. The World Heritage Committee lists every year, several cultural sites as World Heritage properties. Some of these properties balance the notion of a landscape that bears combined works between nature and men, on which vernacular architecture is part of a local tradition of interaction with nature. The 3dPast research project is a European project, coordinated by Escola Superior Gallaecia and co-funded by the European Union, under the Creative Europe programme. The project studies and values vernacular knowledge of these unique places. In Portugal, the Pico landscape was listed as a World Heritage property due to the 500 years of history of local inhabitants adapting farming practices to produce wine, in a challenge environment and in a remote place in the middle of the Atlantic. This article aims to study, the history and the development of the island's architecture and urbanism, based on an ancestral way of life that is still alive nowadays. The scarcity of natural resources and the difficulties to travel between villages and islands emphasised the effects of insularity. However, the continuity of local culture, passed down through generations, created a strong identity, which is source of pride. The cultural landscape classified area includes about 987 hectares, from the parish of Criação Velha, on the south coast, to Santa Luzia, on the north side, covering part of two municipalities of Pico. The article first presents a brief historical background of the island. Following, it focuses on the evolution of human occupation, through the reading of population indicators and traditional architecture and urbanism, recognizing the unique cultural and landscape values within the property. Finally, it discusses the current regulatory framework on territorial planning, and the architectural and urban regulations in planning framework, with particular emphasis on processes and practices at different scales.
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Al Kalbani, K., A. Abdul Rahman, A. Abulibdeh, M. J. Sani, and H. Rashidan. "SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE (SDI) IN OMAN AND QATAR – CURRENT STATUS AND PERSPECTIVES." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVI-4/W3-2021 (January 10, 2022): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlvi-4-w3-2021-17-2022.
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Abstract. Urban infrastructure deals with various objects, such as multi-floor buildings, underground utilities, and other typical two-dimensional (2D) geographic information system (GIS) objects. Currently, Oman and Qatar authorities attempt to manage and handle all these spatial objects and features via spatial data infrastructure (SDI). Qatar has a long tradition of applying SDI, while Oman has made rapid progress in building SDI according to the current practices in this field. Governments in both countries work toward smart cities and e-government to meet the fourth industrial revolution requirements. Current literature, indicate that SDI could be considered a major building block for such smart initiatives in the near future. This paper describes the status and challenges of developing SDI (including 3D SDI) for Oman and Qatar. We anticipated these 2D and 3D SDI initiatives would eventually provide future direction for the smart city and e-government. The current status and challenges form major discussions of this paper. It also discusses 3D SDI development. This paper ends by describing a framework for implementing the 3D SDI. The outcomes could significantly improve the awareness for developing 3D SDI in Oman and Qatar.
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Demir, N., and N. Yogeswaran. "SEMI-AUTOMATED CEMETERY MAPPING USING SMARTPHONES." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-5 (November 19, 2018): 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-5-59-2018.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Cemeteries are being considered as a symbol of love, religion, and culture across the globe. The maps of cemetery and grave are the interest of individuals and communities, who wants to identify the resting place of their beloved ones. It is also crucial to administrators who are building and maintaining cemeteries in urban space.</p><p> Mapping cemeteries and its graves are complex and challenging since the practices involved in burying and policies for managing are different in regions. It is challenging for an individual to identify the graves of their beloved in a cemetery with thousands of graves. This study aims to address this problem by geotagging individual grave using the smartphone. The developed method allows the user to click pictures of the grave, add information like name, photo, surname, year of birth and death of the individual resting, and also enable the user to add a personal message or poem. These pieces of information are stored along with latitude and longitude are visualised as points on the google map in QGIS platform. In case of gravestones with a proper inscription, the user can mark its boundary so that the text embedded can be recognised automatically using the Google Tesseract OCR library in python environment. The Uncali Cemetery in Antalya had been chosen for this pilot study. The present framework extracted information with the accuracy of 65<span class="thinspace"></span>%.</p>
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Shell-Weiss, Melanie, and Belinda Bardwell. "Gi-gikinomaage-min (we are all teachers): using history to give voice to urban native American communities." AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples 13, no. 2 (March 28, 2017): 98–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1177180117700797.
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This article explores one developing model for framing ethical, mutually beneficial collaborations between a predominantly White, non-tribal serving university and urban Native American communities. Called Gi-gikinomaage-min (We are all teachers): Defend our History, Unlock Your Spirit, this oral history documentation initiative is informed by the developing literature on best practices for archiving Native American resources as well as by revolutionary critical pedagogy. Focusing on the impact of federal Urban Relocation Programs, the project is the first collaborative effort to focus on documenting experiences of Native Americans in the Grand Rapids, Michigan metropolitan area to create a publicly accessible archive of material that can be used for teaching, research, and other educational purposes. By reflecting on the work of this project to date, we aim for these efforts to become part of the larger, international conversation.
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Torres, D. L., R. Q. Feitosa, L. E. C. La Rosa, P. N. Happ, J. Marcato Junior, W. N. Gonçalves, J. Martins, and V. Liesenberg. "SEMANTIC SEGMENTATION OF ENDANGERED TREE SPECIES IN BRAZILIAN SAVANNA USING DEEPLABV3+ VARIANTS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W12-2020 (November 6, 2020): 355–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w12-2020-355-2020.
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Abstract. Knowing the spatial distribution of endangered tree species in a forest ecosystem or forest remnants is a valuable information to support environmental conservation practices. The use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) offers a suitable alternative for this task, providing very high-resolution images at low costs. In parallel, recent advances in the computer vision field have led to the development of effective deep learning techniques for end-to-end semantic image segmentation. In this scenario, the DeepLabv3+ is well established as the state-of-the-art deep learning method for semantic segmentation tasks. The present paper proposes and assesses the use of DeepLabv3+ for mapping the threatened Dipteryx alata Vogel tree, popularly also known as cumbaru. We also compare two backbone networks for feature extraction in the DeepLabv3+ architecture: the Xception and MobileNetv2. Experiments carried out on a dataset consisting of 225 UAV/RGB images of an urban area in Midwest Brazil demonstrated that DeepLabv3+ was able to achieve in mean overall accuracy and F1-score above 90%, and IoU above 80%. The experimental analysis also pointed out that the MobileNetv2 backbone overcame its counterpart by a wide margin due to its comparatively simpler architecture in view of the available training data.
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Clementi, M., and E. Labrozzi. "GED – TOOLKIT: OPEN GEOSPATIAL DATA AND TOOLS TO SUPPORT GENERATIVE ECONOMY PROCESSES IN LOCAL COMMUNITIES." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVI-4/W2-2021 (August 19, 2021): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlvi-4-w2-2021-43-2021.
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Abstract. How can FOSS GIS support generative economy processes in small settled communities? The paper answers this question by proposing a toolbox made up of specific open geospatial data that can be processed through FOSS GIS. These data consist of specific maps, accompanied by numerical values.The information collected is intended to lay the foundations for an open-access manual of procedures to support the creation of an open database. This manual, currently under development, is created within a research funded by the Department of Architecture and Urban Studies of the Politecnico di Milano and is an integral part of an experimental game aimed at supporting students in the development of local self-sustainability scenarios.The manual is called the GED Toolkit. The acronym GED stands for Generative Environmental Design, with this term we refer to an approach to the design of the anthropized environment oriented towards the development of generative economies.The paper presents good practices, measuring their consistency with Generative Economy Principles through resource and impacts mapping. These are useful in the first place to understand the systemic features of the practice itself and the relationship with the territory that hosts it, and secondly to verify the possible transferability to other contexts.
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Harland, Robert, Antonia Liguori, and Gareth Cole. "Developing a Digital Archive for Symbolic Resources in Urban Environments - the Latina Project." International Journal of Digital Curation 12, no. 2 (April 2, 2018): 136–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/ijdc.v12i2.511.
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The project described in this paper was funded to establish the foundation for a digital archival resource for researchers interested in the way people interact with urban environments through graphic communications. The research was internally funded by Loughborough University as part of its Research Challenge Programme and involved two members of academic staff and two library staff.[1] Two PhD students also participated.
The archive consists of a small number of images and will act as a proof of concept, not only for this project but also for current and future funding applications. It is hoped that an extended archive will be useful not only to visual communication researchers, but also historians, architects, town planners and others. This paper will describe the data collection process, the challenges facing the project team in data curation and data documentation, and the creation of the pilot archive.
The creation of the archive posed challenges for both the researchers and Library staff. For the researchers:
Choosing a small number of images as a discrete collection but which also demonstrated the utility of the project to other disciplinary areas;
Acquiring the necessary knowledge and skills to enable good curation and usability of the digital objects, e.g. file formats, metadata creation;
Understanding what the technical solution enabled and where compromises would have to be made.
For library staff:
Demonstrating the utility of the Data Repository;
Understanding the intellectual background to the project and the purpose of the Data Archive within the project;
Clearly explaining the purpose of metadata and documentation.
The Latina Project has demonstrated the value of a true partnership between the academic community and the professional services. All parties involved have learnt from the creation of the pilot archive and their practices have evolved. For example, it has made the researchers think more carefully about data curation questions and the professional services staff identify more closely with the research purposes for data creation. By working together so closely and sharing ideas from our different perspectives we have also identified potential technical developments which could be explored in future projects. All members of the group hope that the relationships built during this project will continue through other projects. [1] Academic staff: Drs Harland and Liguori. Library staff: Gareth Cole and Barbara Whetnall.
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Petry, L., H. Herold, G. Meinel, T. Meiers, I. Müller, E. Kalusche, T. Erbertseder, et al. "AIR QUALITY MONITORING AND DATA MANAGEMENT IN GERMANY – STATUS QUO AND SUGGESTIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIV-4/W2-2020 (September 15, 2020): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-4-w2-2020-37-2020.
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Abstract. This paper proposes a novel approach to facilitate air quality aware decision making and to support planning actors to take effective measures for improving the air quality in cities and regions. Despite many improvements over the past decades, air pollutants such as particulate matter (PM), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ground-level ozone (O3) pose still one of the major risks to human health and the environment. Based on both a general analysis of the air quality situation and regulations in the EU and Germany as well as an in-depth analysis of local management practices requirements for better decision making are identified. The requirements are used to outline a system architecture following a co-design approach, i.e., besides scientific and industry partners, local experts and administrative actors are actively involved in the system development. Additionally, the outlined system incorporates two novel methodological strands: (1) it employs a deep neural network (DNN) based data analytics approach and (2) makes use of a new generation of satellite data, namely Sentinel-5 Precursor (Sentinel-5P). Hence, the system allows for providing areal and high-resolution (e.g., street-level) real-time and forecast (up to 48 hours) data to inform decision makers for taking appropriate short-term measures, and secondly, to simulate air quality under different planning options and long-term actions such as modified traffic flows and various urban layouts.