Journal articles on the topic 'Archives Australia Safety measures'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Archives Australia Safety measures.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Archives Australia Safety measures.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Khandaker, Shahjahan Ali, and Mohammad Alauddin. "Economic analysis of food‐borne diseases control program in Australia." International Journal of Social Economics 32, no. 9 (September 1, 2005): 767–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03068290510612575.
Full textAbstract:
PurposeFood safety is an important means for controlling food‐borne diseases. While there are various procedures for food safety, HACCP‐based procedure has been considered as an efficient method for food‐safety. In Australia the introduction of HACCP‐based food‐safety measures has been recommended in particular for meat and meat products to replace the traditional organoleptic meat inspection procedure. Aims to estimate the costs and benefits.Design/methodology/approachEmploying tools of social cost benefit analysis, this paper estimates the worth of the HACCP‐based food‐safety program. The analysis was carried out assuming five alternative scenarios with 3, 5, and 7 per cent interest rates.FindingsThe results of this study show that the HACCP‐based food‐safety programs are expected to generate net benefit to the society if the effectiveness ranged between 20 and 90 per cent. However, at the 10 per cent level of effectiveness, net benefit turns into net social loss.Originality/valueProvides details of the costs and benefits of the HACCP‐based food‐safety programs in Australia.
2
O'Keeffe, Derrick. "Current trends in industry safety performance: applying scrutiny to safety issues associated with ageing facilities." APPEA Journal 59, no. 2 (2019): 671. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj18257.
Full textAbstract:
The National Offshore Petroleum Safety and Environmental Management Authority (NOPSEMA) has had a direct role in highlighting safety concerns that relate to petroleum companies transferring their interests in late-life production to smaller companies. Existing projects in offshore Australia have generally been operated by medium to large companies. However, there is an emerging trend for companies to transfer their interests in late-life production titles to smaller companies with limited resources. On the basis of NOPSEMA’s experience, such smaller companies have limited means to deal with unexpected maintenance, decommissioning requirements and associated safety measures. This paper will explore the impacts of this trend on maintaining safe operations.
3
Ibrahim, Mohammad Nabil, David B. Logan, Sjaan Koppel, and Brian Fildes. "Fatal and Serious Injury Rates for Different Travel Modes in Victoria, Australia." Sustainability 14, no. 3 (February 8, 2022): 1924. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14031924.
Full textAbstract:
While absolute injury numbers are widely used as a road safety indicator, they do not fully account for the likelihood of an injury given a certain level of exposure. Adjusting crash and injury rates for travel exposure can measure the magnitude of travel activity leading to crash outcomes and provide a more comprehensive indicator of safety. Fatal and serious injury (FSI) numbers were adjusted by three measures of travel exposure to estimate crash and injury rates across nine travel modes in the Australian state of Victoria. While car drivers accounted for the highest number of injuries across the three modes, their likelihood of being killed or seriously injured was substantially lower than that of motorcyclists across all exposure measures. Cyclists accounted for fewer injuries than car passengers and pedestrians but had a higher risk per exposure. The results varied by both injury severity and exposure measure. The results of this study will assist with high level transport planning by allowing for the investigation of the changes in travel-related FSI resulting from proposed travel mode shifts driven by safety, environmental reasons or other reasons as part of the holistic goal of transforming the transport system to full compliance with Safe System principles.
4
Jhan, J. P., J. Y. Rau, and C. M. Chou. "4D ANIMATION RECONSTRUCTION FROM MULTI-CAMERA COORDINATES TRANSFORMATION." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B5 (June 16, 2016): 841–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b5-841-2016.
Full textAbstract:
Reservoir dredging issues are important to extend the life of reservoir. The most effective and cost reduction way is to construct a tunnel to desilt the bottom sediment. Conventional technique is to construct a cofferdam to separate the water, construct the intake of tunnel inside and remove the cofferdam afterwards. In Taiwan, the ZengWen reservoir dredging project will install an Elephant-trunk Steel Pipe (ETSP) in the water to connect the desilting tunnel without building the cofferdam. Since the installation is critical to the whole project, a 1:20 model was built to simulate the installation steps in a towing tank, i.e. launching, dragging, water injection, and sinking. To increase the construction safety, photogrammetry technic is adopted to record images during the simulation, compute its transformation parameters for dynamic analysis and reconstruct the 4D animations. In this study, several Australis© coded targets are fixed on the surface of ETSP for auto-recognition and measurement. The cameras orientations are computed by space resection where the 3D coordinates of coded targets are measured. Two approaches for motion parameters computation are proposed, i.e. performing 3D conformal transformation from the coordinates of cameras and relative orientation computation by the orientation of single camera. Experimental results show the 3D conformal transformation can achieve sub-mm simulation results, and relative orientation computation shows the flexibility for dynamic motion analysis which is easier and more efficiency.
5
Due, Clemence, Kathleen Connellan, and Damien W. Riggs. "Surveillance, Security and Violence in a Mental Health Ward: An Ethnographic Case-Study of a Purpose-Built Unit in Australia." Surveillance & Society 10, no. 3/4 (November 28, 2012): 292–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ss.v10i3/4.4276.
Full textAbstract:
This paper discusses the potential relationship between surveillance techniques, the enactment of security measures, and patient violence in mental health wards. The paper draws upon data from an ethnographic study conducted in a purpose-built mental health unit containing two wards (one locked and one open) in South Australia, and argues that acts of violence observed in the unit were typically preceded by an incident within the unit that was related to the implementation of security measures aimed at controlling non-compliant behaviours. The paper argues that if a relationship between security measures and violence does exist in mental health wards, then close attention must be paid to the ways in which forms of surveillance may arguably exacerbate, rather than prevent, the need for security measures.
6
Glass, Deborah, Christina Dimitriadis, Jessy Hansen, Fiona Hore-Lacy, Malcolm R. Sim, and Ryan F. Hoy. "Changes to Silica Exposure Control Measures in the Artificial Stone Benchtop Industry in Victoria Australia." Safety and Health at Work 13 (January 2022): S25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2021.12.786.
Full text
7
Saksvik, Per Øystein, and Michael Quinlan. "Regulating Systematic Occupational Health and Safety Management." Articles 58, no. 1 (December 9, 2003): 33–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/007368ar.
Full textAbstract:
Summary The promotion of systematic occupational health and safety management (SOHSM) represents a comparatively recent but significant realignment of regulatory strategy that has been embraced by many, if not most, industrialized countries. As yet there has been little critical evaluation of the origins and implications of this shift, and to what extent the experience of these measures differs between countries. This article seeks to start the process of answering these questions by comparing SOHSM in Norway and Australia. We identified a number of common challenges (problems of “paper” compliance, limited union input and the growth of precarious employment). In particular, the article highlights the interdependence of OHS and industrial relations regulatory regimes and argues the move away from inclusive collectivist regimes places significant constraints on independent vetting of SOHSM—a crucial element in their effectiveness.
8
Allen, Megan L., Kate Leslie, Anna V. Parker, Charles C. Kim, Sally L. Brooks, Sabine Braat, Stephan A. Schug, and David A. Story. "Post-surgical opioid stewardship programs across Australia and New Zealand: Current situation and future directions." Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 47, no. 6 (November 2019): 548–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x19880904.
Full textAbstract:
Community harm associated with prescription opioids is causing global concern, and post-hospital discharge prescribing is contributing to the problem. We surveyed anaesthetists in Australia and New Zealand to determine which opioid stewardship measures are currently in place, and to gauge interest in participating in future health services research on introducing an opioid stewardship bundle of care. A total of 87 anaesthetists from 87 hospitals were invited to participate, and 45 (52%) responded. The extent of nine current opioid stewardship measures reported was highly variable. One respondent (2%) reported no measures introduced at their hospital; 12 (27%) one to two measures; 16 (36%) three or four measures; 13 (29%) five to seven measures; and 3 (7%), all nine measures were in place. Respondents were often interested in being contacted about future trial participation ( n = 33, 73%); however, concerns regarding feasibility of introducing an opioid stewardship bundle of care were widespread ( n = 22, 49%). It is possible that the variability in Australian and New Zealand opioid stewardship practice is due, in part, to the current limited evidence base for the individual measures, in addition to challenges in research translation. We have found that interest in further research on opioid stewardship is high. Comprehensive, locally adapted, evidence-based opioid stewardship measures may increase the safety of patients and the community following opioid therapy.
9
Svensdotter, Anna, and Mirko Guaralda. "Dangerous Safety or Safely Dangerous. Perception of safety and self-awareness in public space." Journal of Public Space 3, no. 1 (April 30, 2018): 75–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/jps.v3i1.319.
Full textAbstract:
Exposure to perceived danger awakens our environmental awareness and sense of individual responsibility. In our rapidly evolving contemporary urban environments, the design of public space is often constrained and focussed on risk mitigation. Designers often rely on the inclusion of mechanisms to control behaviours (eg walls and fences) or rely on displays of authoritarian surveillance (eg CCTV and extensive warning signage). Measures also known as target–hardening (Saraiva & Pinho, 2011). This can create a reliance on the authoritarian control of urban space, which could result in the disuse of self-regulating mechanisms such as individual responsibility and environmental awareness.This study investigates perception of danger in public space through a scenario-based investigation focussed on Brisbane, Australia. This study enquires how we sense danger, what provokes our sense of danger and how this affects our environmental awareness. Current exemplary design responses that aim to improve safety in public space are also discussed. The study highlights a need for further research about how authoritatively secured space affects city users, sense of place and community.
10
Walters, David, and Michael Quinlan. "Voice and resistance: Coalminers’ struggles to represent their health and safety interests in Australia and New Zealand 1871–1925." Economic and Labour Relations Review 30, no. 4 (September 26, 2019): 513–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1035304619877588.
Full textAbstract:
The activism of coalmining unions in Australia, the UK, the USA and elsewhere securing improvements in safety including better legislation in the 19th and 20th centuries, has been widely researched and acknowledged. However, a relatively neglected aspect of this history was a campaign to secure worker inspectors (check-inspectors). These began in coalmining a century before similar measures were introduced for workers more generally as part of overhauling occupational health and safety laws in the 1970s/1980s. We document this struggle for mine safety in Australia and New Zealand, and the activities of check-inspectors in the period to 1925. Notwithstanding strong opposition from coal-owners and conservative governments, check-inspectors played an important role in safeguarding coalminers and improving the regulatory oversight of coalmines. Check-inspectors not only gave coalminers a ‘voice’ in OHS, but they also provided an exemplar of the value and legitimacy of worker’s ‘knowledge activism’. This system remains. Furthermore, the struggle is relevant to understanding contemporary debates about collective worker involvement in occupational health and safety. JEL Codes: J28, J51, J81
11
Holmes, R. I. "Mitigating Ventilation Air Methane Cost-Effectively from a Colliery in Australia." Journal of Applied Engineering Sciences 6, no. 1 (May 1, 2016): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jaes-2016-0005.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Methane has been controlled in collieries in the past only for safety and statutory compliance reasons; however concerns over greenhouse gas emissions mean that this is now changing. About 65% of greenhouse emissions associated with underground coal mining come from ventilation air methane (VAM). The machinery to mitigate these fugitive emissions once the VAM exits the mine fans is expensive, has safety concerns and is not widely used at present. Consider these factors; more collieries are mining lower seams, methane content increases with depth, VAM mitigation plants are not widely used, most mine emissions are VAM, and widespread concern over greenhouse gases mean that it is desirable to lower VAM emissions now. One solution would be a method to prevent more methane from entering the mine airstream and becoming VAM in the first place. Recently, in a colliery in the Hunter Valley, this mitigation method underwent a 12-month trial, and involved six different measures. Measurements were taken to assess the emissions mitigation which was achieved, and the cost of the works; all the results are detailed herein. A reduction in fugitive emissions of 80,307 t/CO2-e below that which was projected for the next 12-month period was quantified, at an average cost of A$1.28c t/CO2-e. The mitigation measure outlined here represent a first attempt to the author’s knowledge, in an operating mine, to lower a collieries’ environmental footprint by preventing methane from entering the mine airstream and becoming VAM gas by the deliberate use of mitigation measures.
12
Bowman, Jennifer A., Robert W. Sanson-Fisher, and Gloria R. Webb. "Interventions in Preschools to Increase the Use of Safety Restraints by Preschool Children." Pediatrics 79, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.79.1.103.
Full textAbstract:
Despite the proven safety value of wearing vehicle safety restraints, people continue to travel without this protection. Legislation requiring the use of safety restraints has been implemented in several countries, including Australia, in an attempt to improve rates of restraint use. In Australia, legislation dramatically increased rates of adult restraint use, yet the rate of restraint use by children remains comparatively low. One of the main reasons for parents not restraining their child is the child's dislike of wearing a restraint, with resultant disruptive behavior. This study compared two interventions implemented within preschools: a coercive intervention aimed at parents and an educational intervention aimed at preschool children. Measures of restraint use were made by direct observation at preschools prior to intervention and again immediately following the 2-week interventions. The safety restraint use of children in the control and coercive intervention groups did not change significantly as a result of intervention. Restraint use of children in the educational intervention group increased 15 percentage points from 60.6% to 75.0%: a significant increase of 25%. This novel intervention approach holds promise as a means of increasing preschool children's use of safety restraints.
13
Svatý, Z., K. Kocián, and T. Mičunek. "INTEGRATION OF SAFETY ASSESSMENT IN BIM FOR TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-5/W3 (December 5, 2019): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-5-w3-143-2019.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Effective and safe transportation infrastructure presents one of the crucial conditions for functional society. Its ceaseless development and construction can be taken as a proof of its importance even despite the corresponding financial and time demands. The complexity and scale of the projects related to transportation infrastructure presents an ideal field for implementation of the BIM approaches. However, it is necessary to implement the BIM to the whole life cycle of the transport structure, especially not only to the pre-investment and investment phases but also to the operation and maintenance. For every road infrastructure, it is important to observe the performance of the road, behaviour of road users and evaluate the resulting safety risks, to be able to correspond with adequate and effective measures and to secure sufficient level of safety. The paper aims to present an implementation of the road safety aspects and statistics into the processes of BIM applications and strategies, which are prepared on the base of Government Resolution No 958, on the importance of the Building Information Modelling (BIM) in the Czech Republic. The accident statistics, safety audits and inspections presents a valuable source of information that should be adequately implemented with the BIM processes.
14
Pang, Xiao-Na, Zhao-Jie Li, Jing-Yu Chen, Li-Juan Gao, and Bei-Zhong Han. "A Comprehensive Review of Spirit Drink Safety Standards and Regulations from an International Perspective." Journal of Food Protection 80, no. 3 (February 16, 2017): 431–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-319.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Standards and regulations related to spirit drinks have been established by different countries and international organizations to ensure the safety and quality of spirits. Here, we introduce the principles of food safety and quality standards for alcoholic beverages and then compare the key indicators used in the distinct standards of the Codex Alimentarius Commission, the European Union, the People's Republic of China, the United States, Canada, and Australia. We also discuss in detail the “maximum level” of the following main contaminants of spirit drinks: methanol, higher alcohols, ethyl carbamate, hydrocyanic acid, heavy metals, mycotoxins, phthalates, and aldehydes. Furthermore, the control measures used for potential hazards are introduced. Harmonization of the current requirements based on comprehensive scope analysis and the risk assessment approach will enhance both the trade and quality of distilled spirits. This review article provides valuable information that will enable producers, traders, governments, and researchers to increase their knowledge of spirit drink safety requirements, control measures, and research trends.
15
Tannous, W. Kathy, Kingsley Agho, and Vera Williams Tetteh. "Association Between Home Visit Programs and Emergency Preparedness Among Elderly Vulnerable People in New South Wales, Australia." Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine 3 (January 1, 2017): 233372141770075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2333721417700758.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine the association between home visit programs and emergency preparedness among elderly vulnerable people in New South Wales, Australia. Method: The study used data acquired from an intervention program run by emergency agencies and consisted of 370 older people. Seven emergency outcome measures were examined by adjusting for key demographic factors, using a generalized estimating equation model, to examine the association between home visit programs and emergency preparedness. Results: The study revealed that knowledge demonstrated by participants during visits and post home visits showed significant improvements in the seven emergency outcome measures. The odds of finding out what emergencies might affect one’s area were significantly lower among older participants who were born outside Australia and those who were women. Discussion: The findings suggest that the intervention via home visits and periodic reminders post these visits may be a useful intervention in improving emergency preparedness among older people, especially among men and those who were born outside of Australia. In addition, other reminders such as safety messaging via mobile or landline telephone calls may also be a supplementary and useful intervention to improve emergency preparedness among older people.
16
Askew, Philip, Vikrant Mulgund, Leesa Tan, and Robin Wright. "Bringing to life line-of-sight for major accident prevention." APPEA Journal 52, no. 2 (2012): 641. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj11055.
Full textAbstract:
The process safety of exploration and production has evolved since Piper Alpha with safety cases, hazard identification studies (HAZIDs) in design and, more recently, Bow-Ties becoming industry norm; however, recent incidents such as Texas City, Macondo, Varanus Island and Montara have shown industry and regulators from the UK, Australia and beyond that complacency cannot be allowed. The industry has been acting on process safety, but it has struggled to bring it to life in daily operations. Missed warning signals, poor change management, failure to follow procedures, capability issues and lack of communication have been preventable factors in these incidents. Recent efforts in Australia, using the line-of-sight methodology, are advancing process safety by bringing to life major accident prevention. The methodology focuses organisations on systematic management of preventative barriers to accidents and can be applied to all elements of the value chain. The methodology involves: conducting analysis of safety cases; assessing performance standards and safety to identify critical preventative barriers; developing measures and assigning accountabilities to monitor barrier effectiveness; and, developing tracking and reporting systems to provide visibility across operations management. A case study about an Australian operator has shown benefits in improved safety and operational performance. This is done by focusing the operators on critical barriers (as well as their normal daily jobs), better visibility on the state of operations and hence allowing a proactive approach to managing process safety. The system is in its infancy, but it is being improved to support line-of-sight becoming a standard tool across the industry.
17
Laurini, E., M. Rotilio, P. De Berardinis, P. Vittorini, F. Cucchiella, G. Di Stefano, G. Ferri, V. Stornelli, and L. Tobia. "COFLEX: FLEXIBLE BRACELET ANTI COVID-19 TO PROTECT CONSTRUCTION WORKERS." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVI-4/W1-2021 (September 3, 2021): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlvi-4-w1-2021-63-2021.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. To implement the protocol contrasting the diffusion of Covid-19, the employer is required, to ensure the safety and health of the worker at work, to adopt measures related to the control of body temperature (with respect for privacy), the minimum distance during work and all other activities such as breaks, canteen breaks, access to toilets, in addition to the adoption of specifically developed safety procedures, such as e.g. the use of man-down detection devices. In this context, the project aims to illustrate a system able of providing support in the safeguarding of workers' health on construction sites. This system, based on information received from sensors capable of identifying workers' positions (e.g., if less than 1m away) and their vital parameters (e.g., body temperature, gasped breathing), as well as moving objects inside the construction site area (e.g., to check if a worker is passing under a moving crane), will raise early alerts directly to the workers and/or to the central software, with respect for privacy, to immediately activate all the necessary measures to mitigate the risk. The system, based on the data communicated by the various sensors, will store and process them for the purpose of extracting useful information for risk management. The proposed system configured itself as a new product taking advantage from a high Technology Readiness Level maturated from the Smart Safety Belt already developed by some of the authors.
18
Chhatkuli, S., K. Kawamura, K. Manno, T. Satoh, and K. Tachibana. "AN APPROACH TO AUTOMATIC DETECTION AND HAZARD RISK ASSESSMENT OF LARGE PROTRUDING ROCKS IN DENSELY FORESTED HILLY REGION." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B3 (June 9, 2016): 195–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b3-195-2016.
Full textAbstract:
Rock-fall along highways or railways presents one of the major threats to transportation and human safety. So far, the only feasible way to detect the locations of such protruding rocks located in the densely forested hilly region is by physically visiting the site and assessing the situation. Highways or railways are stretched to hundreds of kilometres; hence, this traditional approach of determining rock-fall risk zones is not practical to assess the safety throughout the highways or railways. In this research, we have utilized a state-of-the-art airborne LiDAR technology and derived a workflow to automatically detect protruding rocks in densely forested hilly regions and analysed the level of hazard risks they pose. Moreover, we also performed a 3D dynamic simulation of rock-fall to envisage the event. We validated that our proposed technique could automatically detect most of the large protruding rocks in the densely forested hilly region. Automatic extraction of protruding rocks and proper risk zoning could be used to identify the most crucial place that needs the proper protection measures. Hence, the proposed technique would provide an invaluable support for the management and planning of highways and railways safety, especially in the forested hilly region.
19
Toohey, Kristine, and Tracy Taylor. "Surveillance and securitization: A forgotten Sydney Olympic legacy." International Review for the Sociology of Sport 47, no. 3 (January 17, 2012): 324–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1012690211433456.
Full textAbstract:
The Sydney 2000 Olympic Games were the last Olympic Games held before 9/11. Even though the 2000 Games were held prior to this landmark terrorist incident, Australia implemented a range of increased security processes to safeguard the Games. As such, the Sydney Games provide a compelling case study to examine how Olympic security measures were implemented before and during the Games and how some of these have remained as an Olympic legacy in the post-9/11 era. At the time, the arguments for stringent protection ranged from the need for safety of persons to safeguarding the Australian image or ‘brand’. Many of the measures introduced were low key, for example the introduction of specifically formulated legislation which significantly broadened police powers, and these have remained as a tangible Games legacy. The escalation of concerns for safety beyond the Australian context and the extrapolation of these onto the global stage are an intangible legacy.
20
Banimahd, Meysam, Steve Tyler, Matthew Kuo, and Fiona Chow. "Earthquake risk management for oil and gas infrastructure in the north west of Australia." APPEA Journal 60, no. 2 (2020): 588. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj19213.
Full textAbstract:
The July 2019 magnitude 6.6 earthquake 200 km offshore from Broome is a recent reminder of the significant risk that earthquakes pose to oil and gas infrastructure in Australia. Unlike tropical cyclones, there are no reliable methods for predicting the timing, location and magnitude of imminent earthquakes. Appropriate risk management is therefore required, together with the implementation of emergency response and integrity management procedures, to manage the potential impacts to health, safety, process safety, the environment and production. Given the concentration of oil and gas infrastructure in the north west of Australia, a collaborative approach is advantageous for earthquake risk management and emergency response measures. This paper shares Woodside’s earthquake risk and integrity management procedures with the aim of enabling appropriate quality and consistency throughout the industry. The paper reviews state-of-the-art international practice in earthquake risk management for critical infrastructure from design to operation. Applicable seismic design criteria, likely failure modes and performance requirements are also described. Woodside’s real-time earthquake alert and integrity management systems are presented. Recommendations are made on best practice for earthquake risk management in the region and areas for further collaboration and improvement within the industry.
21
Malik, Shariful, Mohammad Shahidul Hasan Swapan, and Shahed Khan. "Sustainable Mobility through Safer Roads: Translating Road Safety Strategy into Local Context in Western Australia." Sustainability 12, no. 21 (October 27, 2020): 8929. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12218929.
Full textAbstract:
Road safety is an ongoing challenge to sustainable mobility and transportation. The target set by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) suggests reframing the issue with a broader outlook and pragmatic system. Unlike previous road safety strategies and models that favour engineering solutions and legal instruments, there is an increasing need to consider local context and complexities. While such principles have been increasingly featured in higher-level policy frameworks in national or state-level strategies (e.g., Safe System or Vision Zero approach), an effort to translate them into implementable actions for local development areas is absent. To address this gap, this study aims to develop a conceptual framework to examine the nature and extent to which statewide principles are translated into local government policies. We outline a 4C Framework (consisting of clarity, capability, changing context, and community engagement) to evaluate local policy integration in Perth, Western Australia. A five-point indicative scale is applied to evaluate the selected policy instruments against this framework. The results show that only a little over a quarter (27%) demonstrated a highly satisfactory performance in capturing higher-level policy objectives. The low-scoring councils failed to demonstrate the ability to consider future changes and inclusive road design. Councils along the periphery having new residential development showed comparatively greater success in translating overarching strategies. Regional cooperation has been very effective in enabling local agencies to adopt a more sustainable pathway to road safety measures. The criteria proposed within the framework will play a pivotal role in effective policy integration and to achieve more context-sensitive outcomes that are beyond the scope of modern road safety strategies.
22
Helmholz, P., S. Zlatanova, J. Barton, and M. Aleksandrov. "GEOINFORMATION FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT 2020 (Gi4DM2020): PREFACE." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIV-3/W1-2020 (November 18, 2020): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-3-w1-2020-1-2020.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Across the world, nature-triggered disasters fuelled by climate change are worsening. Some two billion people have been affected by the consequences of natural hazards over the last ten years, 95% of which were weather-related (such as floods and windstorms). Fires swept across large parts of California, and in Australia caused unprecedented destruction to lives, wildlife and bush. This picture is likely to become the new normal, and indeed may worsen if unchecked. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) estimates that in some locations, disaster that once had a once-in-a-century frequency may become annual events by 2050.Disaster management needs to keep up. Good cooperation and coordination of crisis response operations are of critical importance to react rapidly and adequately to any crisis situation, while post-disaster recovery presents opportunities to build resilience towards reducing the scale of the next disaster. Technology to support crisis response has advanced greatly in the last few years. Systems for early warning, command and control and decision-making have been successfully implemented in many countries and regions all over the world. Efforts to improve humanitarian response, in particular in relation to combating disasters in rapidly urbanising cities, have also led to better approaches that grapple with complexity and uncertainty.The challenges however are daunting. Many aspects related to the efficient collection and integration of geo-information, applied semantics and situational awareness for disaster management are still open, while agencies, organisations and governmental authorities need to improve their practices for building better resilience.Gi4DM 2020 marked the 13th edition of the Geoinformation for Disaster Management series of conferences. The first conference was held in 2005 in the aftermath of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami which claimed the lives of over 220,000 civilians. The 2019-20 Australian Bushfire Season saw some 18.6 million Ha of bushland burn, 5,900 buildings destroyed and nearly three billion vertebrates killed. Gi4DM 2020 then was held during Covid-19 pandemic, which took the lives of more than 1,150,000 people by the time of the conference. The pandemic affected the organisation of the conference, but the situation also provided the opportunity to address important global problems.The fundamental goal of the Gi4DM has always been to provide a forum where emergency responders, disaster managers, urban planners, stakeholders, researchers, data providers and system developers can discuss challenges, share experience, discuss new ideas and demonstrate technology. The 12 previous editions of Gi4DM conferences were held in Delft, the Netherlands (March 2005), Goa, India (September 2006), Toronto, Canada (May 2007), Harbin, China (August 2008), Prague, Czech Republic (January 2009), Torino, Italy (February 2010), Antalya, Turkey (May 2011), Enschede, the Netherlands (December, 2012), Hanoi, Vietnam (December 2013), Montpellier, France (2015), Istanbul, Turkey (2018) and Prague, Czech Republic (2019). Through the years Gi4DM has been organised in cooperation with different international bodies such as ISPRS, UNOOSA, ICA, ISCRAM, FIG, IAG, OGC and WFP and supported by national organisations.Gi4DM 2020 was held as part of Climate Change and Disaster Management: Technology and Resilience for a Troubled World. The event took place through the whole week of 30th of November to 4th of December, Sydney, Australia and included three events: Gi4DM 2020, NSW Surveying and Spatial Sciences Institute (NSW SSSI) annual meeting and Urban Resilience Asia Pacific 2 (URAP2).The event explored two interlinked aspects of disaster management in relation to climate change. The first was geo-information technologies and their application for work in crisis situations, as well as sensor and communication networks and their roles for improving situational awareness. The second aspect was resilience, and its role and purpose across the entire cycle of disaster management, from pre-disaster preparedness to post-disaster recovery including challenges and opportunities in relation to rapid urbanisation and the role of security in improved disaster management practices.This volume consists of 22 scientific papers. These were selected on the basis of double-blind review from among the 40 short papers submitted to the Gi4DM 2020 conference. Each paper was reviewed by two scientific reviewers. The authors of the papers were encouraged to revise, extend and adapt their papers to reflect the comments of the reviewers and fit the goals of this volume. The selected papers concentrate on monitoring and analysis of various aspects related to Covid-19 (4), emergency response (4), earthquakes (3), flood (2), forest fire, landslides, glaciers, drought, land cover change, crop management, surface temperature, address standardisation and education for disaster management. The presented methods range from remote sensing, LiDAR and photogrammetry on different platforms to GIS and Web-based technologies. Figure 1 illustrates the covered topics via wordcount of keywords and titles.The Gi4DM 2020 program consisted of scientific presentations, keynote speeches, panel discussions and tutorials. The four keynotes speakers Prof Suzan Cutter (Hazard and Vulnerability Research Institute, USC, US), Jeremy Fewtrell (NSW Fire and Rescue, Australia), Prof Orhan Altan (Ad-hoc Committee on RISK and Disaster Management, GeoUnions, Turkey) and Prof Philip Gibbins (Fenner School of Environment and Society, ANU, Australia) concentrated on different aspects of disaster and risk management in the context of climate change. Eight tutorials offered exciting workshops and hands-on on: Semantic web tools and technologies within Disaster Management, Structure-from-motion photogrammetry, Radar Remote Sensing, Dam safety: Monitoring subsidence with SAR Interferometry, Location-based Augmented Reality apps with Unity and Mapbox, Visualising bush fires datasets using open source, Making data smarter to manage disasters and emergency situational awareness and Response using HERE Location Services. The scientific sessions were blended with panel discussions to provide more opportunities to exchange ideas and experiences, connect people and researchers from all over the world.The editors of this volume acknowledge all members of the scientific committee for their time, careful review and valuable comments: Abdoulaye Diakité (Australia), Alexander Rudloff (Germany), Alias Abdul Rahman (Malaysia), Alper Yilmaz (USA), Amy Parker (Australia), Ashraf Dewan (Australia), Bapon Shm Fakhruddin (New Zealand), Batuhan Osmanoglu (USA), Ben Gorte (Australia), Bo Huang (Hong Kong), Brendon McAtee (Australia), Brian Lee (Australia), Bruce Forster (Australia), Charity Mundava (Australia), Charles Toth (USA), Chris Bellman (Australia), Chris Pettit (Australia), Clive Fraser (Australia), Craig Glennie (USA), David Belton (Australia), Dev Raj Paudyal (Australia), Dimitri Bulatov (Germany), Dipak Paudyal (Australia), Dorota Iwaszczuk (Germany), Edward Verbree (The Netherlands), Eliseo Clementini (Italy), Fabio Giulio Tonolo (Italy), Fazlay Faruque (USA), Filip Biljecki (Singapore), Petra Helmholz (Australia), Francesco Nex (The Netherlands), Franz Rottensteiner (Germany), George Sithole (South Africa), Graciela Metternicht (Australia), Haigang Sui (China), Hans-Gerd Maas (Germany), Hao Wu (China), Huayi Wu (China), Ivana Ivanova (Australia), Iyyanki Murali Krishna (India), Jack Barton (Australia), Jagannath Aryal (Australia), Jie Jiang (China), Joep Compvoets (Belgium), Jonathan Li (Canada), Kourosh Khoshelham (Australia), Krzysztof Bakuła (Poland), Lars Bodum (Denmark), Lena Halounova (Czech Republic), Madhu Chandra (Germany), Maria Antonia Brovelli (Italy), Martin Breunig (Germany), Martin Tomko (Australia), Mila Koeva (The Netherlands), Mingshu Wang (The Netherlands), Mitko Aleksandrov (Australia), Mulhim Al Doori (UAE), Nancy Glenn (Australia), Negin Nazarian (Australia), Norbert Pfeifer (Austria), Norman Kerle (The Netherlands), Orhan Altan (Turkey), Ori Gudes (Australia), Pawel Boguslawski (Poland), Peter van Oosterom (The Netherlands), Petr Kubíček (Czech Republic), Petros Patias (Greece), Piero Boccardo (Italy), Qiaoli Wu (China), Qing Zhu (China), Riza Yosia Sunindijo (Australia), Roland Billen (Belgium), Rudi Stouffs (Singapore), Scott Hawken (Australia), Serene Coetzee (South Africa), Shawn Laffan (Australia), Shisong Cao (China), Sisi Zlatanova (Australia), Songnian Li (Canada), Stephan Winter (Australia), Tarun Ghawana (Australia), Ümit Işıkdağ (Turkey), Wei Li (Australia), Wolfgang Reinhardt (Germany), Xianlian Liang (Finland) and Yanan Liu (China).The editors would like to express their gratitude to all contributors, who made this volume possible. Many thanks go to all supporting organisations: ISPRS, SSSI, URAP2, Blackash, Mercury and ISPRS Journal of Geoinformation. The editors are grateful to the continued support of the involved Universities: The University of New South Wales, Curtin University, Australian National University and The University of Melbourne.
23
Nuli, Sadguna, Katkam Rohan, and Chenreddy Joshnavi. "A Study on Road Safety Audit and Black Spot Identification." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1086, no. 1 (September 1, 2022): 012028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1086/1/012028.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Road Safety Audit (RSA) is a formal procedure for assessing accident potential and safety performance of new and existing roads. Road safety audit is an efficient, cost effective and proactive approach to improve road safety. It is proved that RSA has the potential to save lives. The RSA was originated in Great Britain and is well developed in countries like UK, USA, Australia, New Zealand, Denmark, Canada, Malaysia and Singapore. Presently, it is at varying stages of implementation in developing nations like India, South Africa, Thailand and Bangladesh. Therefore, road safety audit appears to be an ideal tool for improving road safety in India. In this study, a rural road stretching from Rallaguda bridge to Vardhaman College of Engineering in Hyderabad city is chosen for road safety audit. Safety assessment is done using iRAP application by collecting road side features, midblock details, intersection features, vulnerable road users’ facilities, speed and flow details. The secondary objective is to find out the Black Spot locations within Rajiv Gandhi International Airport (RGIA) police station jurisdiction of Hyderabad city. Accident prone areas are identified by estimating Weighted severity and accident severity indices with the help of historical accident data. Finally, major causes of accidents and measures to improve safety of the chosen road section are suggested.
24
Meyer, Michael D. "Use of Performance Measures for Surface Transportation in Different Institutional and Cultural Contexts." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1924, no. 1 (January 2005): 163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105192400121.
Full textAbstract:
This paper examines the use of performance measures in three countries: Australia, Japan, and New Zealand. The organizational context for the use of performance measures, the identification of key performance measures, and observations on interesting aspects of the performance-based planning approach used are discussed for each case. Attention is given in particular to performance measures relating to safety, congestion, and freight movement. The paper concludes by noting common characteristics of each case, including the use of a common framework for performance measurement, the importance of collaboration among different agencies for performance categories that transcend one policy area, the use of performance measures at different levels of planning and decision making, the vertical integration of information flow in agencies, the distinction between outcomes and outputs, the importance of data collection capability and the use of information technologies, the importance of performance measurement as a means of providing greater accountability and visibility to the public, and the need for top management leadership and commitment in the development and use of a performance measurement scheme.
25
Kennedy, Alison, Jessie Adams, Jeremy Dwyer, Muhammad Aziz Rahman, and Susan Brumby. "Suicide in Rural Australia: Are Farming-Related Suicides Different?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 6 (March 18, 2020): 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17062010.
Full textAbstract:
Rural Australians experience a range of health inequities—including higher rates of suicide—when compared to the general population. This retrospective cohort study compares demographic characteristics and suicide death circumstances of farming- and non-farming-related suicides in rural Victoria with the aim of: (a) exploring the contributing factors to farming-related suicide in Australia’s largest agricultural producing state; and (b) examining whether farming-related suicides differ from suicide in rural communities. Farming-related suicide deaths were more likely to: (a) be employed at the time of death (52.6% vs. 37.7%, OR = 1.84, 95% CIs 1.28–2.64); and, (b) have died through use of a firearm (30.1% vs. 8.7%, OR = 4.51, 95% CIs 2.97–6.92). However, farming-related suicides were less likely to (a) have a diagnosed mental illness (36.1% vs. 46.1%, OR=0.66, 95% CIs 0.46–0.96) and, (b) have received mental health support more than six weeks prior to death (39.8% vs. 50.0%, OR = 0.66, 95% CIs 0.46–0.95). A range of suicide prevention strategies need adopting across all segments of the rural population irrespective of farming status. However, data from farming-related suicides highlight the need for targeted firearm-related suicide prevention measures and appropriate, tailored and accessible support services to support health, well-being and safety for members of farming communities.
26
Harnett, Joanna, Stephen P. Myers, and Margaret Rolfe. "Probiotics and the Microbiome in Celiac Disease: A Randomised Controlled Trial." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2016 (2016): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9048574.
Full textAbstract:
Background. There is limited research investigating the composition of the gastrointestinal microbiota in individuals with celiac disease (CoeD) reporting only partial symptom improvement despite adherence to a strict gluten-free diet (GFD). The aim of this research was to determine if the gastrointestinal microbiota could be altered by probiotic bacteria and provide a potential new therapy for this subgroup.Methods. A multicentre RCT was conducted between January and August 2011 in Australia. Participants included 45 people with CoeD reporting only partial symptom improvement despite adherence to a strict GFD for a minimum of 12 months. Participants took 5 g of VSL#™probiotic formulation (n=23) or 5 g placebo (n=22) orally twice daily for 12 weeks. The main outcome measured was the efficacy of the probiotic formula in altering faecal microbiota counts between baseline and week 12. Safety was determined by safety blood and monitoring adverse events.Results. SPSS™multivariate repeated measures analysis (95th confidence level) revealed no statistically significant changes between the groups in the faecal microbiota counts or blood safety measures over the course of the study.Conclusion. The probiotic formula when taken orally over the 12-week period did not significantly alter the microbiota measured in this population. The trial was registered with Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials RegisterACTRN12610000630011.
27
Nandhini B, Balamurlidhara V, Aniket Anant Gulumkar, and Sridhar S. "Drug recall procedure in United Kingdom and Australia: a regulatory overview." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 2 (April 3, 2020): 1457–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i2.2018.
Full textAbstract:
Recall occur as a consequence of the safety concerns over a manufacturing defect in a product that may harm its user. Due to their deficient quality, security or effectiveness, medicinal products are accused of being possibly dangerous to customers and may be subject to recall. A recall is defined as the process of recovering. A pharmaceutical product from the distribution chain due to product deficiencies, complaints of serious adverse reactions or corners that the product is or may be defective. The objective of study is to help identify the significance of the recall action and classification and focused on the prospective danger of the patient / consumer defect and, to understand the recall procedure in United Kingdom and Australia. The recall may either be conducted by the license holder or the manufacturer, or and the wholesale dealer. The evaluation should consist of checking the efficacy of the recall and investigating the justification for the recall as well as the remedial measures adopted to avoid the occurrence of the issue. The present work highlights the comparison of the recall procedure between United Kingdom and Australia.
28
Reynolds, Sue, and Bernadette Welch. ""The love in the room": Evaluating the National Year of Reading in an Australian public library." Library and Information Research 38, no. 117 (June 7, 2014): 37–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/lirg604.
Full textAbstract:
This study was influenced by research into the impact of the UK National Year of Reading in 2008 using the Generic Social Outcome Framework from the Museums, Libraries and Archives Council. In 2012 a National Year of Reading was held in Australia which offered another opportunity to investigate the nature of impact. While formal evaluation processes were put into place at the national level, our study was a small-scale qualitative research project which considered the evaluation of impact related to National Year of Reading activities at one urban public library service. Data collected included focus group interviews with library staff, as well as desk data from the library service. The findings suggest that it is necessary to give due consideration to impact measures and collection of appropriate data at the planning stages in order to evaluate impact effectively. Measuring impact is much more difficult but ultimately more worthwhile than that of measuring output. The evaluation of impact is an important tool in strategic planning and advocacy and new ways of measurement need to be incorporated into planning and management.
29
Hepburn, Valerie A., and Judith Healy. "Stakeholders' perspectives on health workforce policy reform." Australian Health Review 31, no. 3 (2007): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah070385.
Full textAbstract:
We administered an electronic survey in October? November 2006 to gauge stakeholder perspectives on Australia?s recently adopted health workforce policies. Nearly all of the 41 survey respondents (65% response rate) ranked workforce as very important to overall health policy. Respondents identified decreasing health disparities and rates of disease and mortality as top goals, and identified improved quality and safety and more professionals in rural areas as priority measures for success. Lack of coordination between the governments and insufficient long-range planning were seen as threats to the success of the new workforce initiatives. The survey results suggest the need for clear goals and measurable outcomes. Although they represented different organisations and perspectives, the health workforce policy opinion leaders that participated in this survey reflected remarkable commonality in goals, measures, alternatives, and potential threats.
30
Barnetson, J., S. Phinn, P. Scarth, and R. Denham. "ASSESSING LANDSAT FRACTIONAL GROUND-COVER TIME SERIES ACROSS AUSTRALIA’S ARID RANGELANDS: SEPARATING GRAZING IMPACTS FROM CLIMATE VARIABILITY." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W2 (November 15, 2017): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w2-15-2017.
Full textAbstract:
Suitable measures of grazing impacts on ground cover, that enable separation of the effects of climatic variations, are needed to inform land managers and policy makers across the arid rangelands of Australia. This work developed and tested a time-series, changepoint detection method for application to time series of vegetation fractional cover derived from Landsat data to identify irregular and episodic ground-cover growth cycles. Utilising the High Performance Computing power of the Google Cloud Compute Engine these cycles were segmented to distinguish grazing impacts from that of climate variability. A measure of grazing impact was developed using a multivariate technique to quantify the rate and degree of ground cover change. The method was successful in detecting both long term and short term growth cycles. Growth cycle detection was assessed against rainfall surplus measures indicating a relationship with high rainfall periods. During periods of ground cover decline, grazing utilisation was observed across four major grasslands. Ground cover change associated with grazing impacts was also assessed against field measurements of ground cover indicating a relationship between both field and remotely sensed ground cover. Cause and effects between grazing practices and ground cover resilience can now be explored in isolation to climatic drivers. This is important to the long term balance between ground cover utilisation and overall landscape function and resilience.
31
Cozens, Paul, and Mu Yao Sun. "Exploring crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) and students’ fear of crime at an Australian university campus using prospect and refuge theory." Property Management 37, no. 2 (April 15, 2019): 287–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pm-04-2018-0023.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose Crime and fear of crime in and around the university campus can affect enrolments and retention rates as well as compromising the safety, security and well-being of students and staff. The purpose of this paper is to explore user perceptions of personal safety using the “Prospect and Refuge Model” and crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED). Design/methodology/approach The study used a fear of crime survey of 88 students at a university in Western Australia. The respondents were asked to identify on a map, three locations perceived to be “safe” and three locations perceived to be “unsafe”. The six most commonly identified sites were then visually audited to measure the levels of “prospect” and “refuge” and CPTED features at each location. Findings The findings indicate the top three “fear spots” were associated with low levels of “prospect” and high levels of “refuge” – and generally, with poor opportunities for natural surveillance and CPTED qualities. The top three “safe spots” had consistently higher levels of “prospect” and lower levels of “refuge” in the site audits and responses to the surveys. Increased opportunities for surveillance were therefore associated with increased levels of personal safety. Research limitations/implications The survey is relatively small (88) and a larger study is certainly required to underpin these findings. The methodology is transferable to other universities and facilities seeking to manage crime and fear of crime. The research develops more finely nuanced measures for the concepts of prospect and refuge. Practical implications Interestingly, surveillance opportunities and perceptions of personal safety were perceived to be mediated by distance from buildings and by the construction of new buildings and infrastructure being carried out across the campus. This has implications for the construction of new universities and for those which are expanding. Recommendations are provided for new and existing universities and for those undergoing redevelopment. Social implications Improving students’ perception of personal safety can enhance their performance and retention at university. Originality/value No studies have investigated the campus design and layout and students’ perceptions of personal safety in Australia in this way. The approach is more “bottom-up” by first exploring users’ perceptions of “unsafe” locations, then assessing these sites in terms of the presence or absence of measures for CPTED and prospect-refuge.
32
Walters, David, Michael Quinlan, Richard Johnstone, and Emma Wadsworth. "Representing miners in arrangements for health and safety in coalmines: A study of current practice." Economic and Industrial Democracy 40, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 976–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143831x16679891.
Full textAbstract:
This article explores the operation of regulatory provisions for worker occupational health and safety (OHS) representation in coalmining in Australia. Using data on inspections, combined with qualitative interviews, it looks at what occurs in a generally hostile labour relations climate and what supports or constrains representation in this scenario. It finds evidence of the engagement of worker representatives with serious risks in coalmining. By using the various means with which they are provided by regulatory measures, they make a significant contribution to the operation of the regulatory strategy of enforced self-regulation of OHS management. They are successful in doing so despite the unsupportive climate of labour relations in which they are frequently situated. However, the study poses questions concerning the fit of this approach with increasingly dominant versions of OHS management pursued by large and globally active corporations and discusses some implications of this for policy and further study.
33
Strukčinskienė, Birutė, Robert Bauer, Sigitas Griškonis, and Vaiva Strukčinskaitė. "Pedestrian Mortality Trends In Children Over Four Decades In Transitional Lithuania." Sveikatos mokslai 26, no. 5 (December 22, 2016): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5200/sm-hs.2016.065.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the study was to examine the long-term trends in pedestrian mortality for children (aged 0 to 14 years) and young people (aged 15 to 19 years) over four decades in transitional Lithuania. Methods. Road traffic fatality data were obtained from Statistics Lithuania and the Archives of Health Information Centre. Trends were analysed by linear regression using “Independence” as a slopechanging intervention in 1991 and population as a further explanatory factor in structural time series models. Results. The impact of the interventions, along with the reforms and changes related with the Independence, on pedestrian fatality trends in our time series model was found highly statistically significant for children 0 to 14 years (p<0.001) and still significant for young people 15 to 19 years (p<0.05). No significant impact on the trend of road traffic deaths was found for the “control-groups” of non-pedestrian road users in the age group 0 to 14 years and adult pedestrians (over 19 years of age). For the age group 15 to 19 years the effect of reforms was also significant for non-pedestrians (p<0.05). These results indicate that the effect of measures and changes used in the post-independence period was more specific in children that participated in road traffic as pedestrians than in adult pedestrians, or in nonpedestrian road users. Conclusions. Pedestrian deaths in Lithuania fell significantly in the age groups 0-14 and 15-19 years. A declining trend was found in road traffic fatalities and in pedestrian deaths in transitional Lithuania in the post-independence period. Socioeconomic and political transformations, systematic reforms in healthcare along with sustainable preventive measures may have contributed to this decrease. Targeted road safety measures were road traffic regulations, pedestrian education and environmentally based prevention measures. As child pedestrians are the most vulnerable group of road users, continued road safety education and promotion are recommended in order to maintain this trend, and to involve adult pedestrians in this development.
34
Oliver, Bobbie. "“No Place for Tourists”: Deaths on Western Australian Construction Sites." Labour History: Volume 119, Issue 1 119, no. 1 (November 1, 2020): 115–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/jlh.2020.21.
Full textAbstract:
The deaths of three young “backpackers” on Perth building sites is the starting point for this investigation of an industry that is ranked the third most dangerous in Western Australia. All were on a working holiday. They were unskilled, untrained and underpaid, revealing aspects of the construction industry since the beginning of the twenty-first century. The article suggests these fatalities are occurring, despite OHS reforms and mandatory training, because the decline of trade union rights and presence on work sites has led to inadequate policing and enforcement of safety measures. Deregulation and employers’ over-emphasis on productivity have resulted in an unskilled, casual workforce and a culture of blaming individual employees rather than management, which has created a climate of fear where those who draw attention to safety breaches risk losing their jobs. The article considers arguments for introducing industrial manslaughter legislation, but the evidence suggests that the most effective solutions are to restore union rights. This would encourage a culture in which workers have a voice, and pointing out safety breaches on sites could be rewarded, rather than penalised.
35
O’Donovan, Siobhan, Corinna van den Huevel, Matthew Baldock, and Roger W. Byard. "Factors involved in the assessment of paediatric traffic injuries and deaths." Medicine, Science and the Law 58, no. 4 (July 29, 2018): 210–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0025802418790857.
Full textAbstract:
Motor-vehicle collisions are the leading cause of unintentional injury and death in children in many parts of the world, including Europe, North America and Australia. The number of fatal collisions has decreased considerably in countries where safety measures such as child restraints, seat belts and air bags have been introduced, providing protection for children within vehicles, although it is recognised that there have been concomitant improvements in emergency responses and techniques, and in hospital treatments. Helmets and changes in external vehicle designs have been implemented to protect paediatric pedestrians and cyclists. However, despite the development of safety guidelines and technologies, injuries still occur. This paper provides an overview of the role of motor-vehicle collisions in paediatric morbidity and mortality to analyse the nature and aetiology of common fatal and non-fatal injuries in children that may present for forensic assessment as passengers, pedestrians or cyclists.
36
Langenheim, N., S. Sabri, Y. Chen, A. Kesmanis, A. Felson, A. Mueller, A. Rajabifard, and Y. Zhang. "ADAPTING A DIGITAL TWIN TO ENABLE REAL-TIME WATER SENSITIVE URBAN DESIGN DECISION-MAKING." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVIII-4/W4-2022 (October 14, 2022): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlviii-4-w4-2022-95-2022.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Landscape architects and urban designers are often tasked with decision-making about implementation of flood moderating measures in urban renewal projects. These decisions require consideration of complex, interdependent existing and proposed infrastructure, and must be informed by data and modelling from multiple disciplines such as hydrologists, transport engineers and urban planners. Here we describe the challenges of integrating these data and modelling from both GIS and BIM sources, into a framework that could support flood moderation decision-making, embedded within a spatially enabled Digital Twin. Our findings outline some of the considerable adjustments to future data collection methods that will be required to enable such a decision-support framework. Furthermore, we outline the requirements of the framework for employability in stakeholders and community decision-making forums. We test this framework on a large-scale urban renewal precinct in Melbourne Australia, with well recognised current and future flooding issues.
37
Knyaz, V. A., E. V. Ippolitov, and M. M. Novikov. "3D RECONSTRUCTION OF ICE SHAPE USING VISIBLE AND THERMAL RANGE IMAGING FOR AIRCRAFT ICING STUDY." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B2-2021 (June 28, 2021): 527–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b2-2021-527-2021.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Aircraft icing is one of the main factors decreasing the flight safety. Qualitative and quantitative understanding of the icing process is crucially needed for developing anti-icing measures and safety recommendations. Changes in aerodynamic characteristics of aircraft caused by changes in shape of aircraft surfaces due to the ice accretion can lead to significant aerodynamic performance degradation. So the reliable and accurate information of how the shape of the ice accretion influences on aerodynamic characteristics is a key point for predicting the changes in aerodynamic performance.The study addresses to a problem of accurate shape measuring of ice accretion for further experimental study of iced-aircraft aerodynamic in a hydrodynamic tunnel. For this purpose the evaluation of various techniques of ice 3D measurements is performed that include as visible so thermal imaging of ice accretion. The results of evaluation serves for the decision of preferable technique to be used in experimental study. Also the framework is developed for creating physical models of iced aircraft based on result of real ice accretion shape measurement. It allows to produce stereolithography (SLA) copies of of an aircraft under icing condition for different levels of icing. These SLA-models of an aircraft under icing condition are then used for flow behaviour study in order to identify critical flying condition.
38
Mohamed, Bakari Maligwa, Geraldine Arbogast Rasheli, and Leonada Rafael Mwagike. "Institutional and regulatory constraints in managing procurement records." Records Management Journal 28, no. 3 (November 19, 2018): 278–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rmj-02-2018-0005.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify and assess the regulatory and institutional constraints in managing procurement records in Tanzania’s procuring entities. Design/methodology/approach This study used a mixed study design. There were explorative case study and questionnaire survey study methods used sequentially. In total, 15 procuring entities were used for exploratory case study, while 200 respondents were administered with questionnaires. A 75 per cent response rate was realised. Findings Results indicated that management and care of procurement records is constrained by regulatory and institutional constraints. The identified and assessed constraints were inter alia: incapacity of institutional actors, inadequate regulatory and institutional arrangements, inadequacy of storage space, equipment and facilities and insufficiency of security and safety measures. Research limitations/implications This research focussed on the procuring entities found in Dar es Salaam, which accounts for 40.72 per cent of the total procuring entities in Tanzania. Based on this, the generalisation of research findings can be sought in that particular context. Practical implications Findings imply that procurement records management and care is highly influenced by the constraining factors that hinder efficient records keeping in most procuring entities in Tanzania. Social implications Majority of procurement management units and user departments’ staff were found to possess inadequate knowledge, skills and competences in management and care of procurement records. The procuring entities should ensure that procurement staffs are trained in records and archives management practices. Originality/value This study contributes towards adding knowledge to the existing body of knowledge on the procurement records and archives management systems.
39
Giummarra, George J., Graham Foley, and Stephen Cropley. "Dust Control: Australasian Experiences with Various Chemical Additives." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1589, no. 1 (January 1997): 50–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1589-08.
Full textAbstract:
Road dust can degrade agricultural produce, affect health, reduce road safety, increase wear and tear on vehicles, and increase the rate of deterioration of the roadway. In October 1996, Australian Road Research Board Transport Research completed and published a study of various dust-control techniques. That report encompassed a worldwide literature search on various measures to control dust and a survey of municipal councils and other road authorities across Australia and New Zealand to ascertain what experiences people have had with the use of dust suppressants. The outcome of this study is to provide a guide to the reported effectiveness of particular dust suppressants under given circumstances and other methods to better control dust emissions.
40
McVeigh, Mary Jo, and Susan Heward-Belle. "Necessary and good: a literature review exploring ethical issues for online counselling with children and young people who have experienced maltreatment." Children Australia 45, no. 4 (December 2020): 266–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cha.2020.59.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe World Health Organization categorised the Corona virus as a public health emergency of international concern. As a result of this declaration, a raft of procedures to stem the spread of the virus to safeguard the health and safety of its citizens was enacted by the Australian Government. The promotion of social isolation and distancing were among these measures. The governmental social distancing measures put in place in Australia resulted in a curtailing of face-to-face work and moving to online service delivery for many agencies who provide counselling for children/young people who have experienced maltreatment. This article presents the findings of a review of the literature on the pertinent ethical issues in relation to online counselling. The results of the review highlighted common ethical issues discussed across the literature, with a major gap in the literature focusing on issues for children and young people and a continued privileging of the adult voice over children and young people’s needs.
41
Delbosc, Alexa, James Reynolds, Wesley Marshall, and Andrew Wall. "American Complete Streets and Australian SmartRoads: What Can We Learn from Each Other?" Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 39 (June 8, 2018): 166–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118777379.
Full textAbstract:
Road management in both Australasia and America has historically focused on facilitating vehicle movement and reducing congestion. More recently, however, there has been a shift to acknowledge the wider role that roads play in society. Road safety, equity impacts, considerations of “place” and the needs of different road users (including transit, pedestrians, and cyclists) are all gaining prominence. Two relatively new approaches to road design and management—Complete Streets in the United States and SmartRoads network operations planning in Australia—embody the spirit of this change. This paper summarizes the development of the Complete Streets movement in America and introduces the SmartRoads management framework, which was developed in the state of Victoria, Australia. In the SmartRoads process, roads within a network are classified in a multimodal Road User Hierarchy, network issues are identified using multimodal level of service measures, and possible operational or design solutions are compared using decision-making Network Fit Assessment software. We compare the scope, emphasis, and approach of the two frameworks; although they were developed at around the same time, the two approaches differ in significant ways. Yet the two approaches can learn from each other in order to significantly improve the management and design of roads in both Australia and the United States.
42
Taylor, Natalie, Robyn Clay-Williams, Hsuen P. Ting, Teresa Winata, Gaston Arnolda, Emily Hogden, Rebecca Lawton, and Jeffrey Braithwaite. "Validation of the patient measure of safety (PMOS) questionnaire in Australian public hospitals." International Journal for Quality in Health Care 32, Supplement_1 (December 3, 2019): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzz097.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Objective Patients can provide a unique perspective on the safety of care in hospitals. Understanding that the extent to which the way hospitals are organized for quality and safety is associated with patient perceptions of care is becoming increasingly valued and necessary for the direction of targeted interventions across healthcare systems. The UK-developed patient measure of safety (PMOS) assesses eight domains of ward safety from the patient point of view and has recently been adapted and piloted in Australia. The aim of this study is to test the psychometric properties of PMOS-Australia (PMOS-A) amongst a large cohort of hospitalized patients. Design Cross-sectional questionnaire validation assessment. Setting and participants As part of the DUQuA project, the PMOS-A survey was distributed within acute myocardial infarction, hip fracture and stroke departments across 32 large public hospitals in Australia. Patients could complete the PMOS-A independently, or request the assistance of a family member/guardian, or staff on the wards—space was included to record mode of completion. Main outcome measures Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was undertaken on a calibration sample to generate the model, and a validation sample was used to cross-validate the model. A subset of only those participants who received assistance for PMOS-A completion was also tested using CFA on a calibration and validation sample. Model fit indices (chi-square to degrees of freedom ratio [Chi-square:DF], root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA], comparative fit indices [CFI], standardized root mean squared residual [SRMR]), Cronbach’s α, average inter-item correlations, construct reliability and cross-loadings were examined with reference to recommended thresholds to establish the extent of convergent validity and discriminant validity. A marker of criterion validity was assessed through testing associations between the PMOS-A and adherence to clinical guidelines. Results Across the calibration and validation samples of the full (N = 911) and assisted completers only subset (N = 490), three (Chi-square:DF, SRMR, RMSEA) of the four indices consistently or almost always met thresholds for acceptable model fit. CFI indices did not meet the recommended limits (0.72–0.78, against a target > 0.9). Positive relationships were found for all tests between PMOS-A and adherence to clinical guidelines, and these were significant when assessed in the calibration datasets for the full and assisted completion samples. Conclusion A sufficiently reliable and valid measure of patient perceptions of safety has been developed. These findings should provide adequate support to justify the use of this measure to assess patient perceptions of safety in Australian hospitals and can be modified for use elsewhere.
43
Nasrun, Mastika, Norazlina Abdul Aziz, Nurasma Yahaya, and Sarah Munirah Abdullah. "Legal Challenges of the Covid-19 Vaccination Program: A Comparative Discourse between Malaysia and Australia." Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH) 6, no. 10 (October 10, 2021): 319–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v6i10.1078.
Full textAbstract:
During the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, many health-related industries were alarmed and pressured to innovate solutional vaccines to reduce the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic. Extra effort and lab activities had taken place in several jurisdictions to respond to the increased demand for the COVID-19 vaccine. With these attempts, various vaccines were created and entered the market. All countries designed their own COVID-19 programme in the route to combat the viruses. These countries showed their willingness to invest to secure access to vaccines. In parallel to this development, the vaccination program is bombarded with several issues such as safety assurance, equal access to the vaccine, and protests by the anti-vaccine group. The inability to address these issues will jeopardise the success of building herd immunity which is the core in eradicating COVID-19 cases. Thus, this study explored and analysed the issues and challenges to have an effective vaccination program in a battle against the spread of the COVID-19 virus. It is a comparative study between Malaysia and Australia that includes safety measures, anti-vaccine groups and access to vaccines. This study adopts a qualitative method utilising the doctrinal study on the legal framework that describes the scope and limitation of power accorded to the Drug Control Authority of the selected jurisdictions. The research activities also include semi-structured interviews with relevant authorities using online interviews. The data are analysed using content and thematic analysis. Findings to this study may assist in identifying the loopholes within the administrative control on the vaccination program adopted by Malaysia.
44
Ruan, Lian, David Ehrenhart, Diane Richardson, and Shuyi Liu. "Illinois Fire Service Institute Library Initiatives During the COVID-19 Pandemic." International Journal of Librarianship 7, no. 1 (July 18, 2022): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.23974/ijol.2022.vol7.1.238.
Full textAbstract:
The Illinois Fire Service Institute (IFSI) Library provides fire and emergency library and information assistance and services to the Institute’s instructional staff, students, Illinois fire departments and firefighters, and other fire/emergency-related users in the successful and effective performance of their jobs. In response to the COVID pandemic, IFSI Librarians have developed new services and resources to continue serving patrons. At the same time, new procedures and services were adopted. With the staff’s return to the library’s physical location, IFSI’s Learning Resource and Research Center building, new COVID-19-related safety measures have been instituted. IFSI Librarians worked with IFSI staff to create the COVID-19 Archives Collection to preserve important documents about the pandemic as it occurs. The Library received grant awards respectively from IMLS and ALA. During the pandemic, the IFSI International Programs continued to provide information resources and access to international users. The Library organized online academic activities via Zoom on a variety of workshops, lectures, and discussions to ensure that users were able to receive enough resources to continue their study and research.
45
Ibrayev, K., D. Kapskiy, and S. Bogdanovic. "Ways to Improve Road Safety Audit in the Republic of Kazakhstan." Science & Technique 20, no. 1 (February 5, 2021): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2227-1031-2021-20-1-45-51.
Full textAbstract:
There are two types of internationally recognized engineering approaches to addressing road safety issues – proactive and reactive. Predicted or proactive approach includes prevention of accidents and taking corrective measures before accidents can occur. One example of this approach is road safety audit, which is a relatively new tool in developing countries. The paper has analyzed approaches to road safety audit outlined in guidelines of the United Kingdom, Ireland, USA, Australia, Canada, as well as in guidelines of Asian Development Bank for the countries of Central Asian Regional Economic Cooperation. All reviewed documents are characterized by a similar approach to the basic definitions, to selection of audit team and requirements for team members, to the main stages of road safety audit. All reviewed guidelines emphasize that audit is not a means of project works evaluation, verification of compliance with standards, a means of projects ranking or evaluation. Approach to road safety audit, outlined in recommendations developed in the Republic of Kazakhstan has also been analyzed. It has been established that the document does not meet approaches adopted in developed countries. Conditions of the Republic of Kazakhstan require development of a new document based on analysis of the best international experience. Currently, the Republic of Kazakhstan has embarked on a gradual introduction of “road forgiving mistakes” approach to the design and operation of roads. This fact should also be considered when revising road safety audit manual.
46
Campbell, Narelle, Sandra C. Thompson, Anna Tynan, Louise Townsin, Lauren A. Booker, and Geoff Argus. "Silver Linings Reported by Australians Experiencing Public Health Restrictions during the First Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Report." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 21 (October 29, 2021): 11406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111406.
Full textAbstract:
This national study investigated the positives reported by residents experiencing the large-scale public health measures instituted in Australia to manage the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Most Australians had not previously experienced the traditional public health measures used (social distancing, hand hygiene and restriction of movement) and which could potentially impact negatively on mental well-being. The research design included qualitative semi-structured phone interviews where participants described their early pandemic experiences. Data analysis used a rapid identification of themes technique, well-suited to large-scale qualitative research. The ninety participants (mean age 48 years; 70 women) were distributed nationally. Analysis revealed five themes linked with mental well-being and the concept of silver linings: safety and security, gratitude and appreciation, social cohesion and connections, and opportunities to reset priorities and resilience. Participants demonstrated support for the public health measures and evidence of individual and community resilience. They were cognisant of positives despite personal curtailment and negative impacts of public health directives. Stories of hope, strength, and acceptance, innovative connections with others and focusing on priorities and opportunities within the hardship were important strategies that others could use in managing adversity.
47
Boubekeur, Ibtessam, Nazatul Shima Abdul Rani, and K. Sarojani Krishnan. "Smart Cities Enabling Effective Response in Battling Covid-19 Pandemic." Asia Proceedings of Social Sciences 8, no. 1 (May 30, 2021): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31580/apss.v8i1.1914.
Full textAbstract:
Covid-19 has subsequently given rise to a pandemic in early 2020. This virus is new and highly contagious; unfortunately, there is no specific medication to treat the virus. Thus, it has become an obligation for all countries in the world to take drastic measures to protect and ensure safety of their citizens. Moreover, technology has played an important role to help the government to implement measures and customize services effectively to contain the virus. Some of these measures include artificial intelligence or “AI”, Internet of things, “IoT” and Clouds. Countries adopting the smart cities concept were predominately prepared with a technology platform, thus they were effective to react promptly and spontaneously to the threat. This paper discusses success stories of four countries from the Australia-Asia region which up to now have successfully contained the virus. From the literature review analysis, besides technology, other factors have contributed to fight the pandemic battle. These factors are core factors in the process of combating the virus and are related to managerial leadership, leadership, accountability, collaboration, and effective communication. These factors play an important role along with smart cities technologies in the battle to fight against Covid-19.
48
Kattel, Giri R., Xuhui Dong, and Xiangdong Yang. "A century-scale, human-induced ecohydrological evolution of wetlands of two large river basins in Australia (Murray) and China (Yangtze)." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 20, no. 6 (June 3, 2016): 2151–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-2151-2016.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Recently, the provision of food and water resources of two of the world's largest river basins, the Murray and the Yangtze, has been significantly altered through widespread landscape modification. Long-term sedimentary archives, dating back for some centuries from wetlands of these river basins, reveal that rapid, basin-wide development has reduced the resilience of biological communities, resulting in considerable decline in ecosystem services, including water quality. Large-scale human disturbance to river systems, due to river regulation during the mid-20th century, has transformed the hydrology of rivers and wetlands, causing widespread modification of aquatic biological communities. Changes to cladoceran zooplankton (water fleas) were used to assess the historical hydrology and ecology of three Murray and Yangtze river wetlands over the past century. Subfossil assemblages of cladocerans retrieved from sediment cores (94, 45, and 65 cm) of three wetlands: Kings Billabong (Murray), Zhangdu, and Liangzi lakes (Yangtze), showed strong responses to hydrological changes in the river after the mid-20th century. In particular, river regulation caused by construction of dams and weirs together with river channel modifications, has led to significant hydrological alterations. These hydrological disturbances were either (1) a prolonged inundation of wetlands or (2) reduced river flow, both of which caused variability in wetland depth. Inevitably, these phenomena have subsequently transformed the natural wetland habitats, leading to a switch in cladoceran assemblages to species preferring poor water quality, and in some cases to eutrophication. The quantitative and qualitative decline of wetland water conditions is indicative of reduced ecosystem services, and requires effective restoration measures for both river basins which have been impacted by recent socioeconomic development and climate change.
49
Lahdya, S., and T. Mazri. "DATA SECURITY CHALLENGES IN SELF-DRIVING CAR." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVIII-4/W3-2022 (December 2, 2022): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlviii-4-w3-2022-61-2022.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. As modern vehicles are sophisticated IoT devices with intelligence, capable of connecting to external infrastructure and utilizing vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications, communications need to be secured so that cyberattacks do not reach their destination. In addition, the various organs of the car (sensors, communications, and controls) can have weaknesses that lead to accidents or potential fatalities. Automakers have a major responsibility for the safety of their customers and should not ignore important security research, but should ensure that important security measures are implemented that are less likely to attack your vehicle. This paper addresses the relevant attacks and threats to modern vehicles and presents a security analysis and possible countermeasures. We discussed the future of modern and autonomous vehicles and concluded that further countermeasures must be taken to create a future-proof concept.
50
Khatami, Ameneh, David A. Foley, Morgyn S. Warner, Elizabeth H. Barnes, Anton Y. Peleg, Jian Li, Stephen Stick, et al. "Standardised treatment and monitoring protocol to assess safety and tolerability of bacteriophage therapy for adult and paediatric patients (STAMP study): protocol for an open-label, single-arm trial." BMJ Open 12, no. 12 (December 2022): e065401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065401.
Full textAbstract:
IntroductionThere has been renewed interest in the therapeutic use of bacteriophages (phages); however, standardised therapeutic protocols are lacking, and there is a paucity of rigorous clinical trial data assessing efficacy.Methods and analysisWe propose an open-label, single-arm trial investigating a standardised treatment and monitoring protocol for phage therapy. Patients included will have exhausted other therapeutic options for control of their infection and phage therapy will be administered under Australia’s Therapeutic Goods Administration Special Access Scheme. A phage product with highin vitroactivity against the targeted pathogen(s) must be available in line with relevant regulatory requirements. We aim to recruit 50–100 patients over 5 years, from any public or private hospitals in Australia. The standardised protocol will specify clinical assessments and biological sampling at scheduled time points. The primary outcome is safety at day 29, assessed by the frequency of adverse events, and overseen by an independent Data Safety Monitoring Board. Secondary outcomes include long-term safety (frequency of adverse events until at least 6 months following phage therapy), and feasibility, measured as the proportion of participants with>80% of minimum data available for analysis. Additional endpoints assessed include clinical response, patient/guardian reported quality of life measures, phage pharmacokinetics, human host immune responses and microbiome analysis. All trial outcomes will be summarised and presented using standard descriptive statistics.Ethics and disseminationParticipant inclusion will be dependent on obtaining written informed consent from the patient or guardian. The trial protocol was approved by the Sydney Children’s Hospitals Network Human Research Ethics Committee in December 2021 (Reference 2021/ETH11861). In addition to publication in a peer-reviewed scientific journal, a lay summary of study outcomes will be made available for participants and the public on the Phage Australia website (https://www.phageaustralia.org/).Trial registration numberRegistered on ANZCTR, 10 November 2021 (ACTRN12621001526864; WHO Universal Trial Number: U1111-1269-6000).