Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Architectures interprétables par conception'
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Jeanneret, Sanmiguel Guillaume. "Towards explainable and interpretable deep neural networks." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMC229.
Full textDeep neural architectures have demonstrated outstanding results in a variety of computer vision tasks. However, their extraordinary performance comes at the cost of interpretability. As a result, the field of Explanable AI has emerged to understand what these models are learning as well as to uncover their sources of error. In this thesis, we explore the world of explainable algorithms to uncover the biases and variables used by these parametric models in the context of image classification. To this end, we divide this thesis into four parts. The first three chapters proposes several methods to generate counterfactual explanations. In the first chapter, we proposed to incorporate diffusion models to generate these explanations. Next, we link the research areas of adversarial attacks and counterfactuals. The next chapter proposes a new pipeline to generate counterfactuals in a fully black-box mode, \ie, using only the input and the prediction without accessing the model. The final part of this thesis is related to the creation of interpretable by-design methods. More specifically, we investigate how to extend vision transformers into interpretable architectures. Our proposed methods have shown promising results and have made a step forward in the knowledge frontier of current XAI literature
Poungou, Alix Lubain. "Nanotechnologies et architectures reconfigurables." Brest, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BRES2016.
Full textThe evolution of nanotechnologies requires specific methodology for the design of the integrated circuits. A main stream design approach of the architectures is based on the nanoscale matrix structure of the nanowires. This structure must be simple, regular and must have defect tolerance for making the technological supports competitive. The technological evolution requires available prospecting tools to explore architectural topologies quickly and to assess their performances. Layout generation regulations based on the NASIC design have been integrated in an existing tool to synthesize the nanofabrics. Automation of such physical structure generation for nanofabrics is based on the aforementioned rules. It shows a methodological divergence as compared to a manual design a small processor has been presented with a calculation of physical impacts. Moreover, we have also defined a (nano)-reconfigurable architecture based on an existing component. This component is equipped with prospecting capacity to calculate its performance metrics
Lagadec, Loïc. "Abstraction, modélisation et outils de CAO pour les architectures reconfigurables." Rennes 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000REN10144.
Full textBossuet, Lilian. "Exploration de l'Espace de Conception des Architectures Reconfigurables." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne Sud, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012212.
Full textCette méthode intervient très tôt dans le flot de conception, ainsi dès les premières phases de spécification de l'application, les concepteurs peuvent définir une architecture adaptée pour leurs applications. La méthode d'exploration s'appuie principalement sur l'estimation de la répartition des communications dans l'architecture ainsi que sur le taux d'utilisation des ressources de l'architecture. Ces métriques permettent en effet d'orienter le processus d'exploration afin de minimiser la consommation de puissance de l'architecture puisque cette dernière est directement corrélée à ces deux métriques.
Les résultats obtenus montrent que notre méthode permet de converger rapidement vers une architecture efficace en ce qui concerne la consommation de puissance.
Turcaud, Sébastien. "Motifs de changement de forme contrôlés par des architectures de gonflement." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAI005/document.
Full textNature provides an unlimited source of inspiration for engineers, either by exhibiting new solutions to existing problems or by challenging them to develop systems displaying new functionalities. Recent advances in the characterization and modeling of natural systems reveal new design principles, which can be increasingly mimicked by engineers thanks to the progress in the production and modeling of man-made materials. In this thesis, we are inspired by biological actuators (for example the pine cone) which change their shape under an external fluctuating stimulus as a result of their material architecture. Our goal is to explore the design space of the morphing of solid objects controlled by an imposed distribution of inelastic strain (eigenstrain). We focus on elongated and thin objects where one dimension is either much bigger or much smaller than the other two (rods and sheets) and restrict ourselves to the framework of linear elasticity. Patterns of shape change are usually induced by large transformations, which requires considering a nonlinear dependency between strain and displacements. This requires the use of numerical methods in order to predict the morphing patterns. We looked at relaxation of springs, energy minimization and finite-elements. These patterns were also illustrated using experimental methods such as pre-straining, thermal expansion and swelling. In the context of rod-like objects, two fundamental morphers are studied displaying bending and twisting respectively: benders and twisters. The standard mirror-symmetric bilayer eigenstrain architecture of benders can be smoothened in order to lower interfacial stress and modified in order to produce longitudinally graded or helical benders. By stacking benders in a honey-comb like manner, the relatively small mid-deflection of benders is geometrically amplified and produces relatively large displacements. According to finite-element simulations, the proposed rotationally-symmetric eigenstrain architecture of twisters displays a stretching-twisting instability, which is analyzed using energetical arguments. Similarly to benders, twisting can be varied along the longitudinal direction by grading the material properties along the twister. By combining benders and twisters, an arbitrary configuration of a rod can be obtained. In the context of sheets, we focus on diffusion-driven morphing, where the eigenstrain is applied progressively instead of instantaneously as motivated by experiments on thermo-responsive polymer bilayers. This leads to long-side rolling of rectangular shapes (instead of the standard short-side rolling of benders) and reveals a complex multi-step morphing process in the case of star shapes, where the edges wrinkle and bend and the initially flat star eventually folds into a three-dimensional structure (for example a pyramid). With the progress in designing new materials, the morphers presented in this thesis could be used in different fields, including the design of macroscopic structures for Architecture
Brum, Raphael Martins. "Conception hybride CMOS et mémoires magnétiques : applications aux architectures programmables." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20141.
Full textWith the downscaling of the CMOS technology, it is becoming increasingly difficult to design power-efficient and dense static random-access memories (SRAM). In the last two decades, alternative memory technologies have been actively researched both by academia and industry. Among them, STT-MRAM is one of the most promising, having near-zero static power consumption, competitive performance with respect to SRAM and easy integration with CMOS fabrication processes. Furthermore, MRAM is a non-volatile memory technology, providing for new features and capabilities when embedded in reconfigurable devices or processors. In this thesis, applications of MRAM to embedded processors and field-programmable gate-arrays (FPGAs) were investigated. A comparison of several self-referenced read circuits, with application for both memory arrays and sequential cells is provided, based on MTJ compact models provided by our project partners. To demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed circuits, we laid-out and fabricated independent, self-contained sequential cells and a hybrid, multi-context CMOS/MTJ memory array, using state-of-the-art 28nm FDSOI CMOS technology, combined with a 200nm perpendicular STT-MTJ process. Finally, we used these building blocks to implement instant on/off and backward-error recovery capabilities in an embedded processor. Results obtained by simulation allowed us to verify that these features have minimal impact on performance. An initial layout implementation allowed us to estimate the impact on silicon footprint, which could be further reduced by improvements in the MTJ integration process
Teodorov, Ciprian. "Model-driven physical design for future nanoscale architectures." Brest, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BRES2050.
Full textIn the context where the traditional CMOS technology approaches its limits, some nanowire-based fabric proposals emerged, which all exhibit some common key characteristics. Among these, their bottom-up fabrication process leads to a regularity of assembly, which means the end of custom-made computational fabrics in favor of regular structures. Hence, research activities in this area, focus on structures conceptually similar to today’s reconfigurable PLA and/or FPGA architectures. A number of different fabrics and architectures are currently under investigation, e. G. CMOL , FPNI, NASIC. These proof-of-concept architectures take into account sortie fabrication constraints and support fault-tolerance techniques. What is still missing is the ability to capitalize on these experiments while offering a one-step shopping point for further research, especially at the physical-design level of the circuit design tool-flow. Sharing metrics, tools, and exploration capabilities is the next challenge to the nano-computing community. We address this problem by proposing a model-driven physical-design toolkit based on the factorization of common domain-specific concepts and the reification of the tool-flow. We used this tool-flow to drive the design-space exploration in the context of a novel nanoscale architecture, and we showed that such an approach assures design convergence based on frequent quantitative evaluations, moreover it enables incremental evolution of the architecture and the automation flow
Hentati, Raïda. "Implémentation d'algorithmes de reconnaissance biométrique par l'iris sur des architectures dédiées." Phd thesis, Institut National des Télécommunications, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00917955.
Full textParvez, Husain. "Conception et exploration des architectures de circuits FPGA hétérogènes à base de structures matricielles et dédiées aux applications spécifiques." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066501.
Full textPrache, Pierre. "Modélisation, conception et intégration de nouvelles architectures différentielles pour des capteurs M/NEMS résonants." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLC054/document.
Full textM/NEMS resonant sensors, due to their small size, consumption and quasi-digital output (a frequency most of the time) are unavoidable tools for on-board systems, from smartphones to aeronautic technology. However, they suffer from environmental drifts, and even though the effect of these drifts can be limited by the design, it is sometimes necessary to use differential architectures to properly remove the drifts from the measurements and ensure the output reliability even in harsh environments. In this work, a special technique for differential measurement is studied, consisting in the synchronization of two resonators, one reference and one sensor. Placed in a single feedback loop, they oscillate at the same frequency and eventual phase shift when the physical quantity to be sensed is applied. This phase shift is a theoretically drift-free way to measure this physical quantity. This technique also benefits from its ease of integration, making it a good candidate for large scale integration. After studying the theoretical framework, several design guidelines are found, which are used in the fabrication of a proof of concept. The theoretical performances are found as well, and compared to the experimental ones
Stoicescu, Miruna. "Conception et implémentation de systèmes résilients par une approche à composants." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01018621.
Full textExpósito, Ernesto. "Méthodologie, modèles et paradigmes pour la conception d'une couche transport de nouvelle génération." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00678666.
Full textSaussereau, Jonathan. "AsteRISC : architectures de processeur RISC-V flexibles et outils pour l’exploration de l’espace de conception." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0002.
Full textIn the electronic industry, designers are often faced with the challenge of evolving requirements throughout the development lifecycle and post-deployment of products. This challenge is compounded by the lengthy timespan from ASIC design to manufacturing and the inherent inflexibility of digital architectures once etched onto silicon. Thus, approaches allowing modification after manufacturing are attractive solutions.However, such flexibility typically incurs additional costs in resource utilization, performance overhead, and power consumption. To address this, designers must strike an optimal balance among these competing factors, crafting an architecture that minimizes extra costs while meeting the specific demands of the specifications.The research explores a processor-based solution as a viable alternative to the fixed one. The proposed design is a flexible RISC-V processor: AsteRISC. The originality of this core is to have optional registers at key points of its datapath, allowing the designer to have direct control over the critical path, in order to find the optimal one for the application. The chosen register configuration is selected through parameters before logic synthesis. Two architectural approaches are being explored: a non-pipelined approach, aimed at ensuring limited resource usage and offering a wide variety of different microarchitectures, and a flexible pipelined approach to extend the design space to architectures with higher performance capabilities.A flexible System-On-Chip (SoC) framework is proposed, featuring, a multi-target approach. An architecture exploration environment is also presented, enabling the parallel search for maximum operating frequency for many micro-architectures and facilitating result interpretation.Experimental results and analyses provide benchmarks, performance results on both FPGA devices and ASIC technologies. Results showcase the advantages of architectural flexibility to meet stringent performance demands. Indeed, they clearly demonstrate that each configuration exhibits distinct characteristics based on the targeted technology and the application context.The study is anchored in the development of a SoC for a radar aiming function, utilizing the proposed processor to address the challenge of processing data within tight timing constraints, while keeping a low hardware footprint. Implementation results, down the layout, demonstrate that it is possible to offer the same functionalities as the original fixed architecture while allowing dynamic modification of its behavior by changing the software. The impacts, especially in terms of used surface area, are presented, allowing for a nuanced understanding of the underlying trade-offs
Durupt, Marc. "Le compilateur de coprocesseurs "SCOOP", architectures opératives cibles et leur génération." Montpellier 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON20271.
Full textRiou, Cécile. "Architectures et apports de systèmes de vision light-field pour la vision par ordinateur." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MULH0498/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with light-field cameras as cameras having 3D capacities. The raw images. acquired with these systems, are generally unusable directly. The main obstacle about their use lies in the complex processing of the recorded images. This thesis aims to overcome these limitations by focusing on multi-views and multi-camera devices. Morcover, as one of the application domains is the industrial vision, the images are acquired in natural lightning in order to conserve the possibility to make conventional treatments by vision on the images. The work is based on three axis: the study and'the optical desien of light-field systems, the calibration of these devices and the development of algorithms to show the intercsts of these cameras in various fields
Alouani, Ihsen. "Conception de systèmes embarqués fiables et auto-réglables : applications sur les systèmes de transport ferroviaire." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016VALE0013/document.
Full textDuring the last few decades, a tremendous progress in the performance of semiconductor devices has been accomplished. In this emerging era of high performance applications, machines need not only to be efficient but also need to be dependable at circuit and system levels. Several works have been proposed to increase embedded systems efficiency by reducing the gap between software flexibility and hardware high-performance. Due to their reconfigurable aspect, Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) represented a relevant step towards bridging this performance/flexibility gap. Nevertheless, Dynamic Reconfiguration (DR) has been continuously suffering from a bottleneck corresponding to a long reconfiguration time.In this thesis, we propose a novel medium-grained high-speed dynamic reconfiguration technique for DSP48E1-based circuits. The idea is to take advantage of the DSP48E1 slices runtime reprogrammability coupled with a re-routable interconnection block to change the overall circuit functionality in one clock cycle. In addition to the embedded systems efficiency, this thesis deals with the reliability chanllenges in new sub-micron electronic systems. In fact, as new technologies rely on reduced transistor size and lower supply voltages to improve performance, electronic circuits are becoming remarkably sensitive and increasingly susceptible to transient errors. The system-level impact of these errors can be far-reaching and Single Event Transients (SETs) have become a serious threat to embedded systems reliability, especially for especially for safety critical applications such as transportation systems. The reliability enhancement techniques that are based on overestimated soft error rates (SERs) can lead to unnecessary resource overheads as well as high power consumption. Considering error masking phenomena is a fundamental element for an accurate estimation of SERs.This thesis proposes a new cross-layer model of circuits vulnerability based on a combined modeling of Transistor Level (TLM) and System Level Masking (SLM) mechanisms. We then use this model to build a self adaptive fault tolerant architecture that evaluates the circuit’s effective vulnerability at runtime. Accordingly, the reliability enhancement strategy is adapted to protect only vulnerable parts of the system leading to a reliable circuit with optimized overheads. Experimentations performed on a radar-based obstacle detection system for railway transportation show that the proposed approach allows relevant reliability/resource utilization tradeoffs
Genet, Damien. "Conception et réalisation d'un solveur pour les problèmes de dynamique des fluides pour les architectures many-core." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0379/document.
Full textNumerical simulation is nowadays an essential part of engineering analysis, be it to design anew plane, or to detect underground oil reservoirs. Numerical simulations have indeed become an important complement to theoretical and experimental investigation, allowing one to reduce the cost of engineering design processes. In order to achieve a high level of precision, one need to increase the resolution of his computational domain. So to keep getting results in reasonable time, one shall nd a way to speed-up computations. To do this, we use high performance computing, HPC, to exploit the complex architecture of modern supercomputers. Under these two constraints, and some other like the genericity of finite elements, or the mesh dimension, we developed a new platform AeroSol. In this thesis, we present the mathematical background, and the two types of schemes that are implemented in the platform, the continuous finite elements method, and the discontinuous one. Then, we present the design choices made in the platform,then, we study a sub-problem, the assembly operation, which can be found in linear algebra multi-frontal methods
Gaillardon, Pierre-Emmanuel. "Reconfigurable Logic Architectures based on Disruptive Technologies." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00674438.
Full textDedu, Eugen. "Conception d'un modèle de simulation de systèmes multi-agent, et de son algorithmique et implantation parallèle sur architectures MIMD à mémoire partagée : modèle ParSSAP." Phd thesis, Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00071184.
Full textActuellement, il y a un manque de simulateurs parallèles efficaces pour ces systèmes, qui seraient très utiles, compte tenu des temps d'exécution pour des simulations à grande échelle. Dans ce contexte, notre apport se divise en trois parties : (1)~fournir un modèle de simulation de SMAs à grande échelle, appelé ParSSAP, (2)~faire un travail d'algorithmique parallèle dans les SMAs et (3)~fournir une implantation de ce modèle sous la forme d'une bibliothèque parallèle.
Dans cette thèse nous commençons par introduire les SMAs, les problèmes de parallélisation qu'ils posent et l'état de l'art dans la simulation des SMAs. Nous présentons ensuite nos travaux et apports : le modèle de simulation que nous avons conçu, l'algorithmique parallèle utilisée dans deux percepts d'agents fournis dans notre bibliothèque (calcul des champs de visibilité et propagation des champs de potentiel), la documentation sur notre bibliothèque et quelques applications avec leurs performances à l'exécution. Finalement, nous présentons le bilan, positif, de nos travaux.
Notre modèle et son implantation parallèle sont destinés à une utilisation facile et à des exécutions efficaces. Ils peuvent encore être enrichis, néanmoins notre bibliothèque permet déjà de construire rapidement des applications efficaces à l'exécution sur des machines parallèles modernes.
Fournier, Émilien. "Accélération matérielle de la vérification de sûreté et vivacité sur des architectures reconfigurables." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Brest, École nationale supérieure de techniques avancées Bretagne, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ENTA0006.
Full textModel-Checking is an automated technique used in industry for verification, a major issue in the design of reliable systems, where performance and scalability are critical. Swarm verification improves scalability through a partial approach based on concurrent execution of randomized analyses. Reconfigurable architectures promise significant performance gains. However, existing work suffers from a monolithic design that hinders the exploration of reconfigurable architecture opportunities. Moreover, these studies are limited to safety verification. To adapt the verification strategy to the problem, this thesis first proposes a hardware verification framework, allowing to gain, through a modular architecture, a semantic and algorithmic genericity, illustrated by the integration of 3 specification languages and 6 algorithms. This framework allows efficiency studies of swarm algorithms to obtain a scalable safety verification core. The results, on a high-end FPGA, show gains of an order of magnitude compared to the state-of-the-art. Finally, we propose the first hardware accelerator for safety and liveness verification. The results show an average speed-up of 4875x compared to software
Vasiliu, Marius. "Etudes des architectures des réseaux neuronaux à codage spatio-temporel de l'information : applications dans le traitement de la parole et des séquences d'images." Paris 11, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA112038.
Full textAli, Karim Mohamed Abedallah. "Architectures parallèles reconfigurables pour le traitement vidéo temps-réel." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018VALE0005/document.
Full textEmbedded video applications are now involved in sophisticated transportation systems like autonomous vehicles. Many challenges faced the designers to build those applications, among them: complex algorithms should be developed, verified and tested under restricted time-to-market constraints, the necessity for design automation tools to increase the design productivity, high computing rates are required to exploit the inherent parallelism to satisfy the real-time constraints, reducing the consumed power to extend the operating duration before recharging the vehicle, etc. In this thesis work, we used FPGA technologies to tackle some of these challenges to design parallel reconfigurable hardware architectures for embedded video streaming applications. First, we implemented a flexible parallel architecture with two main contributions: (1)We proposed a generic model for pixel distribution/collection to tackle the problem of the huge data transferring through the system. The required model parameters were defined then the architecture generation was automated to minimize the development time. (2) We applied frequency scaling as a technique for reducing power consumption. We derived the required equations for calculating the maximum level of parallelism as well as the ones used for calculating the depth of the inserted FIFOs for clock domain crossing. As the number of logic cells on a single FPGA chip increases, moving to higher abstraction design levels becomes inevitable to shorten the time-to-market constraint and to increase the design productivity. During the design phase, it is common to have a space of design alternatives that are different from each other regarding hardware utilization, power consumption and performance. We developed ViPar tool with two main contributions to tackle this problem: (1) An empirical model was introduced to estimate the power consumption based on the hardware utilization (Slice and BRAM) and the operating frequency. In addition to that, we derived the equations for estimating the hardware resources and the execution time for each point during the design space exploration. (2) By defining the main characteristics of the parallel architecture like parallelism level, the number of input/output ports, the pixel distribution pattern, etc. ViPar tool can automatically generate the parallel architecture for the selected designs for implementation. In the context of an industrial collaboration, we used high-level synthesis tools to implement a parallel hardware architecture for Multi-window Sum of Absolute Difference stereo matching algorithm. In this implementation, we presented a set of guiding steps to modify the high-level description code to fit efficiently for hardware implementation as well as we explored the design space for different alternatives in terms of hardware resources, performance, frequency and power consumption. During the thesis work, our designs were implemented and tested experimentally on Xilinx Zynq ZC706 (XC7Z045- FFG900) evaluation board
García, Mayné. "Configurations spatiales et architecturales : contribution à la formation par l'habitabilité des espaces universitaires." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN20052/document.
Full textThis thesis covers an aspect less developed from the Human and Social Sciences, the role that the architectural conceptions and spaces of study and work in the formative process in the university level in a time of widespread digital culture. From a study in cases with Mexican and French universities, we analyzed how the architectures assist or obstruct practices that favor or hinder formation model with the finality of human development. The construction of data is supported by the ethnographic tools, an analytic model that relates spatial production and analysis of formation dispositives and using technical analysis of the discourse, images and architectural analysis. The study of the interrelationships between what we call spatial and architectural configurations in five universities campi, produced findings linked with the characteristics of habitability and their relationships with the actors project as to the purpose of university formation
Esta tesis aborda un aspecto escasamente trabajado desde las Ciencias Humanas y Sociales: el papel que desempeñan las concepciones arquitectónicas y los espacios de estudio y de trabajo en los procesos formativos universitarios, en un momento de generalización de la cultura digital. A partir de un estudio en casos en universidades mexicanas y francesas, analizamos la manera en que las arquitecturas propician u obstaculizan prácticas que favorezcan los modelos de formación con finalidad de desarrollo humano. La construcción de datos está apoyada en herramientas de corte etnográfico, un modelo analítico que relaciona la producción espacial y el análisis de dispositivos de formación, técnicas de análisis del discurso, análisis de imágenes y análisis arquitectónico. El estudio de las interrelaciones entre lo que denominamos configuraciones arquitectónicas y espaciales en cinco campi universitarios produjo hallazgos ligados con las características de la habitabilidad y sus relaciones con el proyecto de los actores en cuanto a las finalidades de la formación universitaria
Buffo, Marc. "Contribution à la conception, par validation numérique et expérimentale, et l’optimisation pour l’aéronautique de contacteur hybride haute tension DC." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0024/document.
Full textThe main goal of the more electrical aircraft is to substitute the different kind of transmission for the aeronautical power by electrical transmissions. The electric network has to evolve. This concept inspires the project AEROCOTS, which a part lies in the modification of the breaking means thanks to a hybrid contactor with an electrical circuit. To better understand what occurs between the contacts of the contactor and verified the absence of an electrical arc, a characterization method is employed to have a complete parameterized model of a contactor. Two electrical circuits are studied and the absence of an arc is verified. Their principle is to reduce to zero the current before the opening of the contactor. Their functioning and their models are experimentally verified. The choice of the second circuit is justified by a control of the opening current. An evolutionary algorithm, principle of the Darwin's theory, is realized to answer to the aeronautical objectives
Graciano, Neto Valdemar Vicente. "Une approche dirigée par les simulations à base de modèles pour concevoir les architectures de systèmes-des-systèmes à logiciel prépondérant." Thesis, Lorient, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORIS489/document.
Full textContext: Software-intensive systems have been increasingly interoperated forming alliances termed as “Systems-of-Systems” (SoS). SoS comprises a collection of systems joined to achieve a set of missions that none of the systems can individually accomplish. Each constituent system keeps its own management, goals, and resources while coordinating within the SoS and adapting to meet SoS goals. Applications of SoS range from traffic control to emergency response and crisis management. As SoS often support critical domains, such systems must be trustworthy by dealing with malfunction or defects and avoiding failures that could cause extensive damage and losses to the users.Problem: Correct SoS operations depend on a precise specification of the SoS structure and a rigorous attestation of its behaviors. However, besides limitations on languages to jointly capture SoS structure and behavior, predictions on the SoS emergent behaviors rely on constituent systems not totally known at design-time. Therefore, SoS have been developed and deployed without evaluating their operation, since current languages do not support such precision in evaluation.Objectives: This PhD project provides solutions founded on a formal architectural description language to support an early evaluation of SoS behaviors regarding its inherent SoS structure and dynamics through simulations.Contribution: The main contributions of this project comprise (i) a model transformation approach for automatically producing simulation models from SoS software architecture descriptions, combining SoS structure and behavior description in a same solution, (ii) a SoS software architecture evaluation method for SoS operation prediction considering the inherent changes that can occur, (iii) environment modeling and automatic generation of stimuli generators to sustain the SoS simulation, delivering data to feed such simulation, and (iv) a method for the automatic synchronization between the runtime descriptive architecture (changed at runtime due to dynamic architecture) and its original prescriptive architecture based on model discovery and recovery mechanisms and a backward model transformation.Evaluation: We conducted case studies to assess our approaches using Flood Monitoring SoS and Space SoS.Results: Our approaches show a high accuracy to (i) produce fault-free and operational simulations for SoS software architectures, (ii) support a reliable evaluation and prediction of SoS operation at design-time, (iii) automatically generate stimuli generators to sustain and feed the simulation execution, and (iv) maintain the synchronization between descriptive and prescriptive versions of the SoS architecture.Conclusions: We concluded that the proposed approaches advance the state of the art in SoS software architecture evaluation by offering solutions to predict the SoS operations effectiveness to maintain a continuous operation despite architectural changes, providing more trust for users that in the future shall rely on SoS services
Buffo, Marc. "Contribution à la conception, par validation numérique et expérimentale, et l’optimisation pour l’aéronautique de contacteur hybride haute tension DC." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0024.
Full textThe main goal of the more electrical aircraft is to substitute the different kind of transmission for the aeronautical power by electrical transmissions. The electric network has to evolve. This concept inspires the project AEROCOTS, which a part lies in the modification of the breaking means thanks to a hybrid contactor with an electrical circuit. To better understand what occurs between the contacts of the contactor and verified the absence of an electrical arc, a characterization method is employed to have a complete parameterized model of a contactor. Two electrical circuits are studied and the absence of an arc is verified. Their principle is to reduce to zero the current before the opening of the contactor. Their functioning and their models are experimentally verified. The choice of the second circuit is justified by a control of the opening current. An evolutionary algorithm, principle of the Darwin's theory, is realized to answer to the aeronautical objectives
Barbedienne, Romain. "Gestion des interactions pour l’évaluation en phase de préconception, des architectures 3D de systèmes sous contraintes multi-physiques, application à la thermique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLC026/document.
Full textConceptual design leads to the generation of a physical concept architecture. From this phase, it is crucial to select an architecture that takes into account multi-physical constraints. We propose in this thesis to solve the following research issue: how can the physical architectures of a complex system under multi-physical constraints be evaluated during the earlier design phases, in order to limit the risks of multi-physical coupling in the following phases that generate a considerable increase in design time and cost?To tackle this problem, we first propose a framework called SAMOS which allows the actors in the design to exchange information during this phase while limiting the risks of inconsistencies and misunderstandings. Then, by focusing on the thermal analysis, we develop a "thermal 3D sketcher" platform, based on a 3D environment, two SysML extensions and several model transformations. It will facilitate human and data exchanges between System architects, 3D architects and simulation teams, thus reducing redundancy and design time.Thus, in order to manage the geometry requirements and spatial positioning of each item of equipment, the GERTRUDe SysML extension is proposed. It allows specifying geometrical requirements such as simple geometrical shapes for the components, their dimensions and positioning constraints.GERTRUDe uses TTRS (Technologically and Topologically Related Surfaces) geometrical modeling enriched with intrinsic parameters. Likewise, the TheReSE SysML extension, based on GERTRUDe, allows the management of thermal requirements: the thermal properties of components and the specification of thermal interactions that may occur between the architecture components.The transformation rules are described. They automatically generate a specified architecture which includes possible geometrical constraints that can be transformed from a SysML environment into a 3D environment; the direction of transformation can be reversed so that a 3D architecture can be traced from a 3D environment to a SysML environment.Similarly, the thermal interactions between the different components can be either specified in SysML or be added in the 3D environment. This information allows defining a thermal interactions network which integrates both geometrical and thermal data. This network is then transformed into a thermal model implemented in Modelica, which allows simulation to evaluate the temperatures of the components’ faces.The approach proposed is implemented in a demonstrator to provide proof of concept based on several industrial case studies, thus validating the industrial expectations with regard to the approach proposed and its perspectives
Salatgé, Nicolas. "Conception et mise en oeuvre d'une plate-forme pour la sûreté de fonctionnement des services Web." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00135748.
Full textDelomier, Yann. "Conception et prototypage de décodeurs de codes correcteurs d’erreurs à partir de modèles comportementaux." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0047.
Full textDigital communications are ubiquitous in the communicating objects of everyday life. Evolving communication standards, shorter time-to-market, and heterogeneous applications make the design for digital circuit more challenging. Fifth generation (5G) mobile technologies are an illustration of the current and future challenges. In this context, the design of digital architectures for the implementation of error-correcting code decoders will often turn out to be especially difficult. High Level Synthesis (HLS) is one of the computer-aided design (CAO) methodologies that facilitates the fast prototyping of digital architectures. This methodology is based on behavioral descriptions to generate hardware architectures. However, the design of efficient behavioral models is essential for the generation of high-performance architectures. The results presented in this thesis focus on the definition of efficient behavioral models for the generation of error-correcting code decoder architectures dedicated tp LDPC codes and polar codes. These two families of error-correcting codes are the ones adopted in the 5G standard. The proposed behavioural models have to combine flexibility, fast prototyping and efficiency.A first significant contribution of the research thesis is the proposal of two behavioural models that enables the generation of efficient hardware architectures for the decoding of LDPC codes. These models are generic. They are associated with a flexible methodology. They make the space exploration of architectural solutions easier. Thus, a variety of trade-offs between throughput, latency and hardware complexity are obtained. Furthermore, this contribution represents a significant advance in the state of the art regarding the automatic generation of LDPC decoder architectures. Finally, the performances that are achieved by generated architectures are similar to that of handwritten architectures with an usual CAO methodology.A second contribution of this research thesis is the proposal of a first behavioural model dedicated to the generation of hardware architectures of polar code decoders with a high-level synthesis methodology. This generic model also enables an efficient exploration of the architectural solution space. It should be noted that the performance of synthesized polar decoders is similar to that of state-of-the-art polar decoding architectures.A third contribution of the research thesis concerns the definition of a polar decoder behavioural model that is based on a "list" algorithm, known as successive cancellation list decoding algorithm. This decoding algorithm enables to achieve higher decoding performance at the cost of a significant computational overhead. This additional cost can also be observed on the hardware complexity of the resulting decoding architecture. It should be emphasized that the proposed behavioural model is the first model for polar code decoders based on a "list" algorithm
Razavi, Ebrahimi Seyed Reza. "Outils pour les langages d'experts : adaptation, refactoring et réflexivité." Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066468.
Full textChenini, Hanen. "A rapid design methodology for generating of parallel image processing applications and parallel architectures for smart camera." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CLF22459.
Full textDue to the complexity of image processing algorithms and the restrictions imposed by MPSoC designs to reach their full potentials, automatic design methodologies are needed to provide guidance for the programmer to generate efficient parallel programs. In this dissertation, we present a MPSoC-based design methodology solution supporting automatic design space exploration, automatic performance evaluation, as well as automatic hardware/software system generation. To facilitate the parallel programming, the presented MPSoC approach is based on a CubeGen framework that permits the expression of different scenarios for architecture and algorithmic design exploring to reach the desired level of performance, resulting in short time development. The generated design could be implemented in a FPGA technology with an expected improvement in application performance and power consumption. Starting from the application, we have evolved our effective methodology to provide several parameterizable algorithmic skeletons in the face of varying application characteristics to exploit all types of parallelism of the real algorithms. Implementing such applications on our parallel embedded system shows that our advanced methods achieve increased efficiency with respect to the computational and communication requirements. The experimental results demonstrate that the designed multiprocessing architecture can be programmed efficiently and also can have an equivalent performance to a more powerful designs based hard-core processors and better than traditional ASIC solutions which are too slow and too expensive
Raffin, Erwan. "Déploiement d'applications multimédia sur architecture reconfigurable à gros grain : modélisation avec la programmation par contraintes." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00642330.
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