Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Architecture et société – Logement'
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Loiseau, Benjamin. "Effets et limites de la participation en architecture : étude de cas de l’ensemble de logements sociaux Grand’Goule à Poitiers, 1974–2024." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, HESAM, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024HESAC016.
Full textCette thèse examine l'intégration des usagers dans le processus de conception architecturale à travers une exploration structurée en trois parties principales. Initialement, elle offre une analyse des fondements théoriques et historiques de la participation en architecture depuis le XIXe siècle, mettant en lumière l'évolution vers des pratiques plus inclusives et le rôle adaptatif de l'architecte dans la collaboration avec les usagers. Elle introduit ensuite la Conception Avec Usagers en Architecture (CAUA) comme cadre de compréhension pour ces pratiques. La deuxième partie se concentre sur une étude rétrospective du projet participatif des années 70 Grand’Goule, posant les bases d'une nouvelle méthode participative nommée Exploration Collective (EC). Cette méthode vise à renforcer la collaboration entre professionnels et usagers à travers quatre phases : rétrospection, narration, projection, et itération. Elle est spécifiquement conçue pour s'intégrer aux marchés publics de travaux en France. La dernière partie de la thèse applique l'EC à la rénovation de la résidence Grand’Goule, évaluant son efficacité et l'impact de différents modes de participation sur le projet. Les défis, tels que la représentativité des participants et l'intégration des savoirs d'usage, sont examinés, conduisant à une réflexion sur les effets et limites des méthodes participatives. La recherche apporte quatre contributions majeures : une analyse critique de l'évolution des méthodes participatives, l'expérimentation de ces méthodes à grande échelle dans le contexte des HLM en France, la création d'un indice de profondeur de participation, et une évaluation de l'impact des pratiques participatives sur les résultats des projets. Ces apports visent à améliorer la pratique architecturale pour qu'elle soit plus inclusive, durable, et socialement responsable
Garreton, Matias, and Matias Garreton. "Inégalités de mobilité dans le Grand Santiago et la région Ile-de-France : politiques de logement, des transports et gouvernance métropolitaine." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00975068.
Full textLanzaro, Marie. "Sortir de l'hébergement d'insertion vers un logement social en Ile-de-France : des trajectoires de relogement, entre émancipation et contraintes." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01071536.
Full textCordier, Mathilde, and Mathilde Cordier. "De la politique du logement aux politiques locales de l'habitat : l'apprentissage de l'action collective négociée." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00906896.
Full textVergriete, Patrice. "La ville fiscalisée : politiques d'aide à l'investissement locatif, nouvelle filière de production du logement et recomposition de l'action publique locale en France (1985-2012)." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00995364.
Full textMeunier, Jules-Mathieu. "Le 1 % logement : la participation d'une institution paritaire à la production de l'action publique : genèse, perte de légitimité et reprise en main par l'Etat." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01072245.
Full textPham, Thai Son. "Morphologie urbaine, dispositifs techniques et pratiques sociales : cas des quartiers de ruelles hanoiens." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00797324.
Full textCasgrain, Antoine. "Habitation, marché et société : les politiques de logement social au Chili." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25875/25875.pdf.
Full textFrey, Jean-Pierre. "Société et urbanistique patronale." Paris 10, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA100179.
Full textSeguin, Clément Martouzet Denis. "Le rapport affectif au logement la perspective de l'apparition de contraintes liées à l'âge amène-t-elle chez l'individu une remise en cause de son rapport au logement ? /." Tours : Polytech'Tours, Aménagement, 2009. http://www.applis.univ-tours.fr/scd/EPU_DA/2009PFE_Seguin_Clement.pdf.
Full textChamodot, Mathilde. "Pour un habitat écoresponsable de qualité et financièrement accessible en Saône-et-Loire." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00967898.
Full textMachado, Martins Maira. "Les "copropriétés populaires" de l'Avenida Brasil : étude d'une nouvelle forme d'habitat informel à Rio de Janeiro dans les années 2000." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Est, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PEST1146.
Full textSocial inequalities and the policies of the public service contributed to the expansion of poor and spontaneous housing in Brazil. In Rio de Janeiro, the types of popular housings evolved through time, adjusting themselves to the different urban policies and to the city's urban development. Despite its spontaneous character, popular housings go along with urban transformation. Since 2000 a new type of popular and spontaneous housing has arisen on the borders of an old industrial highway called ‘Avenida Brasil', located in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Inhabitant from favelas invaded old lands of abandoned factories. The process of occupation of the lands, the conversion of space into housing, and the rules established therein, reveal that this type of invasion – ‘de facto shared ownership' – is a new case in terms of popular spontaneous housing in Rio de Janeiro. This research raises the question of the representation of this new type of housing in the city and in the actual society. I studied the urban development planning of the favelas of which the occupants came from originally, and the different public policies concerning precarious housing in order to understand the ‘de facto shared ownership' as a product of the urban evolution of Rio de Janeiro. The analysis of the constructed space of housing is developed in relation to urban and community social space. It stresses the transformation of a culture produced from the marginality of space in the city, and which is articulated to the type of co-ownership housing
Delaby, Claire. "Les nouveaux modes de faire la ville à Berlin, urbanisme et architecture participatifs : les Baugruppen." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10130.
Full textThis thesis is dedicated to new ways of developing urban territory through contemporary practices of participation based on the peculiar identity of Berlin. This phenomenon is a method of urban planning in which participation meets standardization to achieve a third means of conceiving collective-housing. In a city considered a laboratory of emptiness, these projects, which spread sporadically throughout an urban wasteland, are subsantially different from what we are used to seeing in the context of eco-neighborhoods. If the experiments model themselves upon a participative filiation, they provoke ambivalent reception because they embrace a long tradition of low percentage of property ownership in a city that is quickly and constantly being reconfigured. The examination of morphology, typology and architectural system of Baugruppen in Berlin highlights two major tendencies. First, they contribute to the marketing of housing, exploiting the notion of Baugruppe as a label and responding to a production of mass customization in an emerging global-city. Second, the creation of specific standards, as architecural dérive lead to collisions between users and space. Through the radicalization of the construction and the rationalization of participation, Baugruppen experiences open a new role for the architects. Performing an architecture of process and seeking optimization in a non-hierarchical system, these projects suggest a horizontal scenario. They offer a new version of socialization in housing development by generating micro-communities and planning an appropriation of space in open-buildings structure for the management of shared scene and the flexibility of living space
Diaconu, Adriana. "Les origines du logement social et collectif à Bucarest : architecture et idéologies politiques : 1910-1960." Paris 8, 2010. http://octaviana.fr/document/204599040#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textFrom 1910 to 1960, Romania turns from an agricultural country dominated by the ideal of a « nation state » into a socialist republic controlled by the USSR, being in between a « nationalist » dictatorship allied to Nazi Germany. In this historical context this paper explores the evolution of the way political leaders, city planners and architects conceived the role played by the state and the tools that it can use in the field of public aids to housing. Which social categories are particularly privileged by these different political regimes? Are official ideologies really embedded in public policies, in city planning strategies and in architectural projects realized during these regimes? Moreover, by which means and to which extent do political discourses shape urban space? This paper puts into perspective the idea that the conceptions regarding the city and housing in Romania follow historical sequences that are completely distinct from each other and that are the product of political ideologies. Thus it investigates the emergence of a “socialist city”, made up of ruptures and of continuities, and produced by a multiplicity of actors and of divergent ideas
Coudart, Anick. "Architecture et société : uniformité et variabilité, fonction et style de l'architecture du néolithique danubien." Paris 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA010521.
Full textRouton, Michel. "Des architectes et des hommes : le sens social de l'architecture." Paris 4, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040267.
Full textCroizé, Jean-Claude. "POLITIQUE ET CONFIGURATION DU LOGEMENT EN FRANCE (1900-1980)." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Nanterre - Paris X, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00448066.
Full textMecarsel, Joseph. "Architecture et présence : entre idée, image et communication." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2014. http://bu.univ-tln.fr/userfiles/file/intranet/travuniv/theses/information_communication/2014/2014_Mecarsel.pdf.
Full textWhen questioning Architecture using several examples throughout history up to our contemporary world, we found many answers to existential interrogations that seem enigmatic. The phenomenon of communication or expression through architecture is somehow related to antagonism that led to the clash of civilizations. By its “presence”, the architecture configures the world of man, satisfying his material needs, as well as their dreams but also his dreams and ideals. Architecture carries his “Ideas” reflects his “vision” and communicates his “Messages”. More than anything else, it can enchant him by building e new world. However, it can also destroy him by violating his senses, polluting his spirit by the ideas it conveys. The architectural world also marks the place by its presence, it becomes a “symbol” or “image”, a landmark in the international journey which presents itself as a challenge, or even a new conflict of power through emblematic buildings. This architectural that we call “Landmark” becomes an essential paradigm of “presence” and mutation. Its essential mission is to go beyond the instrumental, an inevitable factor of stability and continuity of the world. A path towards the future, not only a reflexion of the past. This debate, in relation with a new dimension of architecture, combines itself with the fourth dimension and goes even further, looking for the true reason of the world’s survival through architecture and time. This aspect, in relation with communication, and which is present in the sociological and historical discourse, deserves to be studies more thoroughly by us architects. We sometimes hide some major aspects relative to communication by the mere “presence” of buildings purposely created by our alert and diligent subconscious
Mengin, Christine. "Guerre du toit et modernité architecturale, loger l'employé sous la République de Weimar /." Paris : Publications de la Sorbonne, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb410773148.
Full textBibliogr. p. 469-520.
Padenou, Guy-Hermann. "Architecture, environnement et société : la cosmogonie des trois mondes des Tamberma au Togo." Toulouse 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU20026.
Full textThis thesis deals with the complexity of relationship between architecture, environment and society, about the Tamberma people in Togo. It integrates a variety of indicators with respect to their culture, settlement, social and spatial organization, and also the particularities of the environment in which they progress. This work allows us to highlight the Tamberma's representation of the world, and analyse how that representation is adaptated on the architectural production. It leads us to identify the main elements of the social and spatial organization of the space and the time, to clarify what characterizes the people and the links he maintains up with its environment. Furthermore, this dynamic study of a society who has succeeded in preservating most of its cultural characteristics, allows us to demonstrate how that society integrates the change the "modern world"
Cron, Eric. "La ville de Saumur du XVe au XVIIIe siècle : urbanisme, architecture et société." Tours, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOUR2024.
Full textDuring its glorious history, Saumur went through deep disruptions that were rarely caused by aldermen. The "grand oeuvre" of the governor Duplessis-Mornay, who turned the catholic town into an influential protestant capital, is a good example of this positive interference, like the omnipresence of the intendant of Tours during the 18th century. First rate works have been generated, like the citadel, the two rotundas from the Counter-Reformation and the prestigious barracks of the carabineers, so different from Vauban's models. This ability for innovating even takes a national standing with the original foundations' techniques used for the Loire river's great bridge. Besides the urban growth, the influence of these buildings finds an application in the private residence by the adoption of an official style that conveys a relative idea of modernity. Finally Saumur is outstanding by its urban improvements, whose permanency in the fallowing century sets up a comforting historic continuum
Pereira, Domingos. "Être et habiter : vers une habitudologie : étude théorique des phénomènes inhérents à l'habitation et au logement dans la ville occidentale contemporaine." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0003.
Full textArchitecture underlines differences between sheltering, housing and habiting. Sheltering constitutes this instinctive protection feat against any hostile exteriority. Lodging couches the idea in rational answers to needs, by means of functions. Habiting is an immanent reality to human being and a manner by wich the "agent" singularly expresses his existing to the world. The point of view of "médiance" by Augustin Berque is the concept that brought this theses premise. "Dasein" by Martin Heidegger, so as "l'être-au-monde" by Maurice Merleau-Ponty, represented a second thinking implement. "Habitus" concept by Pierre Bourdieu, highlights the idea of exteriorised interiority and reversely of an interiorised exteriority. Habitudology purpose is to propose some hypotheses and to develop most adapted ones to a situation so as to elaborate a project. We named this posture a projection, wich represents the project of an action, in respect of a milieu
Browne, Micheál. "L’air du logement : recherches d'un minimum spatial France-Belgique-Grande-Bretagne, 1780-1880." Paris, CNAM, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CNAM0460.
Full textLegitimised by physiological criteria established since the 18th century, the research of a space minimum per occupant in the 19th century partakes of the attempts to adjust domestic space to the organic body. Situated on the fringe of several disciplines – town planning, architecture, building, medicine, biology, chemistry and physics – it questions the relation between theory and practice. Characteristic of the history of technology, this interdisciplinary questioning constitutes the essential of the present problematic. However, as shown by the comparative study, the definition of a space minimum does not escape the socio-economic constraints of housing. Even if the argumentation medicalizes itself, the domestic space medicalization is partial. The definition of a space minimum per occupant in the 19th century consists less in a domestic air medicalization than in an indoor air domestication
Bareil, Anne-Marie. "Les arcs de triomphe dédiés à Caracalla en Afrique romaine : architecture et urbanisme, politique et société." Nancy 2, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/NANCY2/doc275/2006NAN21026_1.pdf.
Full textIn the first part of the thesis, the author has made a list of the numerous arches dedicated to Caracalla in Roman Africa. Most of these arches are documented by a dedication and can therefore be dated with precision. However some other arches have been added to the initial corpus since they can be dated too, either by their architectural or ornemental characteristics, or thanks to historical arguments. Altogether a corpus of 27 arches has been made out. The analysis of the dedications of the arches is the subject of the second part. It shows "evergetes" (donators), most of them being permanent "flamines" (priests), often veterans ; a few notables also contribute to the endowment of their city. They do so either in their lifetime or by testament. At the same time, nearly half of the arches are erected thanks to the generosity of local councils, in gratitude for a change of juridical status or for special favour from the Emperor. The status of the individuals and the cities concerned gives a state of the "romanisation", to put simply, of Africa between 198 and 217. The study of the dedicatory texts also permits to check some aspects of the titles of the Emperor and of the imperial virtues honoured on the arches. The third part tackles the typology. In the first chapter, the typology of forms highlights the wide range of architectural patterns and chosen decorations. The second chapter deals with the "typology of functions" and analyses the role played by honorific arches in the urbanization of the cities, in full revival at the time. The author concludes on the close correspondence between the monument and the ideologic message it is supposed to pass on : by its decoration, the ornaments of the coronation or the dedication itself, the honorific arch is a perfect testimony, both didactic and aesthetic, of the imperial cult
Akhavan, Bahram. "L'habitat rural et son architecture traditionnelle et moderne dans quelques regions iraniennes." Caen, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CAEN1021.
Full textThis study is a detailed and global analysis of architectural trends and patterns in rural areas of iran. These trends and patterns vary essentially according to the physical environment, but also affected by socio-cultural, demographic and economic structures. After a general geographical overview of iran and of the main features of its rural settlements, three regions chosen on a climatic basis are successively analysed : - guilan, representative of the humid temperate zone; - yazd, representative of hot, arid or desert regions; - eastern azerbaidjan, representative of cold and mountainous regions. The study brings out the difficulties encountered during the field research phase of this work and then establishes a schematic comparison of rural architectural characteristics in the three selected regions. Finally, on the basis of the issues raised and remarks brought out in the work, concrete proposals for the development of rural settlements in iran are put forward
Perrot, Laure. "Le logement social à Bordeaux de 1944 à 2009 : problématiques architecturales et urbaines." Bordeaux 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR30003.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to study the great architectural and urban issues of social housing in Bordeaux (France) between 1944 and 2009. This study relies on a corpus of 19 residential complexes in Bordeaux, including variable density buildings, extensions, an aborted housing estate and post-destruction reconstruction operations. A part of these complexes are only made of housings while some others carry a variety of functions. Placed back in the area in which they appeared (socio-economic, political, cultural and architectural contexts), and split according to three chronological phases – 1944-1958, 1959-1975 and 1976-2009 – these housing operations are the subject of a specific description and of a comparative study, in order to find the great evolutions social housing has known in Bordeaux in terms of architecture and urban development. These complexes are then put in contrast with the architectural production scale of Bordeaux and its agglomeration, and then on a national and international scale, to analyse whether Bordeaux’s characteristics are part of an history of architecture and urban development more generally and if they have singularities
Gaugain, Lucie. "Le château et la ville d'Amboise à la fin du Moyen Age et au début de la Renaissance (1421-1525) : architecture et société." Thesis, Tours, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOUR2030/document.
Full textThis thesis presents a multidisciplinary approach, it consists in the study of topography, of buildings, thanks to layouts, and of the existing accounts and iconography. Because the architecture has changed a lot it has required analyzing both the castle and the town. From 1463, Louis XI’s huge magnificent project had repercussions on the economy and the development of this small “bridge-Town”. In 1498, the building sites were set up and the town was to become a city but Charles VIII’s unexpected death stopped its expansion. However, this dynamic building period, over 40 years, has to be considered as an experiment of new architectural forms which would impact princely buildings in the early Renaissance
Souza, Diego Beja Inglez de. "Tumulte dans l'ensemble : logement, utopie et urbanisation dans les limites de deux métropoles contemporaines." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010628/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we propose a simultaneous understanding of the history of two emblematic territories in the outskirts of São Paulo and Paris as a strategy to comprehend the last fifty years of the social housing history in both countries, through the analysis of the transformations of a typical grand ensemble build in the 1960 that has been recently through a deep renewal process, the Cité Balzac, confronted with the particular case of one fragment of the biggest housing projects complex in Latin America, the Cidade Tiradentes. Recent projects of urban renewal, new collective housing constructions and some special public equipments in both territories reinforce the exceptionality of the chosen cases, starting point for parallels, contrasts, common questions and crossed sights
A partir de duas monografias paralelas que analisam territórios emblemáticos de habitação social na periferia de São Paulo e Paris, propomos nesta tese um entendimento simultâneo da situação da Cité Balzac, um grand ensemble característico dos anos 1960 que atravessou recentemente um profundo processo de ‘renovação urbana’, confrontada com a história de um fragmento do maior complexo de conjuntos habitacionais da América Latina, a Cidade Tiradentes, como estratégia para compreender os últimos cinquenta anos da história da habitação social em ambos os países. Projetos recentes de renovação urbana, de novos conjuntos habitacionais e equipamentos públicos de excelência em ambos os territórios confirmam a excepcionalidade dos casos estudados, a partir dos quais buscamos estabelecer similitudes, contrastes, questões comuns e ‘olhares cruzados’
Machado, Martins Maira. "Les "copropriétés populaires" de l'Avenida Brasil : étude d'une nouvelle forme d'habitat informel à Rio de Janeiro dans les années 2000." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00699888.
Full textAuburtin, Rémi. "De Cayenne à Kourou, singularité des villes françaises de Guyane : entre habitat d'ordonnance et habitat auto-construit, la question du logement." Paris 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA030003.
Full textFrench Guiana, a European enclave in Latin America, is one of the three countries on the continent that experienced non-Iberian colonisation. Its urban framework is linear with urbanisations that present no distinct limits, leaving an empty hinterland. In this French overseas department with an artificial economy and limited networks, the cities are dominated by the capital, Cayenne. A conurbation has formed around Cayenne which, thanks to the economic benefits derived from the space industries, resembles an embryonic French metropolis. French Guianese society is an ethnic mosaic born of immigration, where each group maintains its living style and cultural specificities. In this region where practically all land is the property of the French state, the issue of inadequate housing is raised: in this vast country, developers, municipalities and regional bodies, and private citizens cannot find buildable lots, except in Kourou, which has benefited from urban planning. Therefore, spontaneous housing flourishes side by side with authorised housing and constitutes the melting pot of the informal city. Its vitality is proof of the populations' ability to create their housing and their economy. Although insufficiently exploited, attempts to rehabilitate unsanitary housing in French Guiana represent an original solution leading to a decrease in unemployment through self-building of private houses. If possibilities exist in French Guiana for populations to create their own housing as they see fit, albeit not without difficulty or social risk, they can serve as an example to other metropolises
Le, Crosnier Hervé. "Réseau, bibliothèques et documents numériques : architecture informatique et construction sociale." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Caen, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00204139.
Full textAvec le développement accéléré du numérique et des réseaux, nous sommes les témoins d'un basculement fantastique des activités humaines, qui porte sur l'expression de la culture et de la communication, la transformation des processus industriels, les relations inter-personnelles, les activités de travail et de loisir des individus, les conditions d'exercice de la démocratie.
En moins d'une vingtaine d'années, le nombre et la puissance des ordinateurs mis dans les mains des individus a explosé, offrant aux personnes et aux groupes une capacité de traitement inimaginable auparavant. Leur couplage avec l'interconnexion des réseaux a bousculé la donne culturelle, relationnelle, économique, politique, géopolitique, éducative, sociale, médiatique....
La maîtrise de techniques symboliques (traitement d'images, stockage de fichiers numériques, usage du réseau comme ressource d'information, recherche documentaire, transcodage de la musique, écriture et publication personnelle) s'est répandue comme une traînée de poudre dans le monde entier.
Les tranches d'âge concernées se sont élargies en quelques années. La jeunesse et plus encore l'adolescence faisant un large usage des médiations techniques dans sa sociabilité et son apprentissage personnel. Le troisième âge découvre avec intérêt les techniques numériques, de l'appareil photo au mail, qui les gardent en contact avec leur descendance. Les différences d'usage entre les sexes se réduisent, et le travail des groupes de femmes pour utiliser la technologie comme un outil d'égalité et de libération porte des fruits dans tous les types de communautés, notamment dans les pays en développement.
Les divers réseaux et pratiques immatérielles convergent de plus en plus vite vers un réseau ubiquitaire, mêlant intimement les activités de communication, de production symbolique (culture, connaissance et divertissement) et de diffusion. Les terminaux se diversifient, se font mobiles (baladeurs, ordinateurs portables, PDA, téléphones mobiles nouvelle génération...) et s'incrustent dans toutes les activités (travail, culture, loisir, vie quotidienne).
Les principes d'individualité, de vie privée, d'autonomie et même de citoyenneté ne sont plus des qualités intrinsèques aux personnes, mais ressortent de l'émergence de " technologies de la personnalité " et de systèmes d'exposition et de gestion de la personnalité (réseaux sociaux, systèmes d'identification, auto-publication, partage d'environnements culturels ou de jeux, mondes virtuels...).
Le " système nerveux " de l'économie mondiale repose sur ces échanges immatériels accrus, sur les formes nouvelles de production qu'ils permettent, et sur la valorisation et la monétarisation des activités de connaissance, de communication, d'éducation et d'échange. Ces événements technologiques accompagnent et rendent possibles, ou imaginables, d'autres bouleversements dans l'organisation du monde, souvent regroupés sous le terme de " mondialisation " d'une part et de " société de l'information " de l'autre.
Ces bouleversements massifs et en profondeur méritent une attention particulière de la recherche, afin d'analyser ce phénomène au moment même de son bouillonnement, et d'en dégager des principes, des concepts et des grilles d'analyse qui permettent :
- de proposer de nouvelles applications, protocoles et architectures, d'une part pour les sciences de l'ingénieur ;
- de replacer les pratiques sociales, économiques et culturelles qui se cristallisent et se recomposent dans le réseau et le numérique, au sein du fil global de l'histoire et des données de long terme ;
- de repérer les fractures qui se constituent, afin que les sciences humaines et sociales puissent jouer un rôle éclairant pour les citoyens et les acteurs politiques et économiques.
[...] et les derniers mots de la conclusion
Les questions du domaine public et des biens communs de l'information, parce qu'elles permettent d'imaginer une société dans laquelle la transmission et le partage des connaissances serait un moment essentiel de la socialisation et de la vie collective me semblent des questions centrales, qu'il faut encore polir et repolir sur le métier de la recherche sur le document numérique et les réseaux.
Le numérique nous apporte des promesses inégalées de coopération et d'extension de la culture et de la connaissance. Comment permettre à tous les habitants de la planète d'en profiter ? Quels verrous faut ils ouvrir ? Quels ressorts de rêve et d'utopie peuvent être remontés pour que se libère une énergie libératrice ? Comment les réflexions techniques peuvent-elles accompagner un projet social mondial ?
Le chercheur, l'intellectuel et le citoyen sont convoqués pour travailler la compréhension de cet univers du numérique qui irrigue et transforme si profondément nos sociétés. Et faire coopérer les solutions techniques, juridiques, sociales et organisationnelles pour ouvrir des espaces publics mondiaux nouveaux. Ici et maintenant.
Puret, Arnaud. "Projet HM2PH, génération automatique de plans et visite virtuelle d'habitats adaptés pour personnes handicapées." Tours, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOUR4024.
Full textThis study was realized in the framework of the HM2PH project, in the HaNT team of the LI of Tours. The design of an adapted house for a disabled person requires an interior arrangement according to the capacities, the disabilities and the wishes of this person. We have developed a house layout generator to automate the respect of the disability and building constraints. The topological research and the geometrical optimisation of the layouts are done with constraint satisfaction methods. Clustering and visualization methods (circular display for the K-Means, NicheWorks method for the HAC) are used to display the layouts to the user. Then, a 3D virtual visit of the layout is generated. The user can act on the furniture which has its working reproduced. The interactive interface to control the house automation system, realised with the virtual visit tool, is a first step to a virtual environment server
Solopova, Natalʹâ. "La préfabrication en URSS : concept technique et dispositifs architecturaux." Paris 8, 2001. http://portaildocumentaire.citechaillot.fr/pdfjs/web/viewer.html?file=/Infodoc/ged/viewPortalPublished.ashx?eid%3DIFD_FICJOINT_0000290.
Full textBock, Digne Marie-S. "Architecture et société : un mode de lecture de la formation et de l'intégration de l'espace cacaoyer équatorien (1890-1920)." Toulouse 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU20027.
Full textBonneval, Loïc. "Les agents immobiliers, place et rôle des intermédiaires sur le marché du logement dans l'agglomération lyonnaise (1990-2006)." Phd thesis, Université Lumière - Lyon II, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00669351.
Full textHachicha, Sahnoun Ines. "Interactions entre les arts contemporains, les créations architecturales et les conceptions design : le design comme dispositif communicationnel dans la société contemporaine." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0306/document.
Full textContemporary art is becoming more and more something that applies to everyday environment, it maintains a fruitful dialogue with the architecture, design, digital, etc. It is a creation in terms of the mechanism of thinking and imagination, of an original idea full of aesthetics that is expressed in noticeable effects. Architecture, as well, is located in a hierarchy of values established in a dialectic process of history. Thus, in architecture as much as in art, there remains irreducible core content and values. Subject to a widespread urbanization, architecture tends to dissolve as an autonomous plastic object to melt and spread, too, in huge and undifferentiated areas. This thesis focuses on the perpetual interplay between artistic production, architectural design and design concept, which are, on the one hand, in a continuous interaction, and on the other hand, influenced by other various movements of arts, mainly contemporary arts
Landauer, Paul. "La caisse des dépôts et consignations face à la crise du logement (1953-1958) : histoire d'une maîtrise d'ouvrage." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010534.
Full textJambard, Pierre. "La Société Auxiliaire d’Entreprises et la naissance de la grande entreprise française de bâtiment (1924-1974)." Paris 4, 2006. http://books.openedition.org/pur/3344.
Full textThe Company S. A. E was incorporated in 1924 by an important energy group to build power dams. This medium size company become independent and searching for new outlets it turned over to residential construction activities in the 1950’s. Under the leadership of two renowned contractors, Gino Valatelli and his successor Maurice Mathieu, it managed within a few years to pull itself to first rank of the French building trade companies. Big housing estates specialist, the Company S. A. E became one of the main actors of modernization of the “Thirty Glorious Years” France, with regards to urbanization, progress, modern conveniences and to evolution of one of the main branches of economy, the building industry. It gave the first example of large company in the modern meaning of the word, in the French housing history. This work is a story of a company and tries to enlighten the original features of its growth compared with a professional branch still hardly studied and, beyond this, with the great transformations linked to industrialization and urbanization of French society. It wishes to show a view which has been overlooked for ages, the constructors’ view of the wide work of nowadays town history and especially of social housing. This study allows to understand how the main building trade companies had to innovate, in order to meet an exceptional social demand. On this account, the study of the set up business system also contributes to work history
Virone, Gilles. "Architecture et simulation locales du système d'information domotique-santé intégré a domicile (sidø) pour la détection de situations à risque et l'aide à la décision." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003GRE19016.
Full textWe will begin with a review of Health Smart Homes (HSH) around the world before moving onto a description of our system, the HISø or "Health Integrated Smart Home Information System", developed at the TIMC laboratory in Grenoble. We hypothesize that there is a connection between biological and social rhythms, behavior, and thus with physical activity which we can measure by observing a subject's displacements within the habitat. We created the term "activity circadian rhythms" (ACR) to refer to the behavioral measurement of patient activity
Bertrand, Louis. "Norme, règle et individu dans les politiques locales du logement des personnes défavorisées." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00441394.
Full textMarseille, Gilles. "Urbanisme et architecture domestique de l’Entre-deux-guerres à Nancy et dans son agglomération." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0366/document.
Full textThis study concerns the domestic architecture in Nancy and the 19 towns of its suburbs from 1919 to 1939. The important size of the corpus (6600 buildings) and of the area studied highlights the urban and architectural processes that contribute to the creation of the city. The relationships between the city council, developers, social housing organizations and intellectual societies are analyzed to trace the path that leads from the plan to the urban reality. The post-war reconstruction project, the law controlling urbanism or social housing (Loucheur Act) and the effects of the 1930’s crisis on the land and housing development are looked back on using modern technical (GIS) and conceptual tools. The comparisons with national (even international) models place the study in a broader perspective where Nancy and its suburbs become a medium for reflection on this moment in the history of French cities. In addition, the exhaustive inventory allows looking at all the building production without hierarchy. This study, combining the mundane and the outstanding, highlights permanencies and hybridisations. The legacy of Eclecticism and Art Nouveau coexists with the diffusion of new trends such as the Modern movement and Art Deco. The examination of Nancy’s case contributes to the new definition of the latter style and of a better understanding of its evolution during the 1930’s. Finally, this study is the opportunity to show that domestic architecture is a physical transcription of a social order, which is reflected in the quality of interior design and building facades as medium of representation
Demilly, Estelle. "Autisme et architecture : Relations entre les formes architecturales et l'état clinique des patients." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO20060/document.
Full textThe relationship between architectural space and quality of life is studied here through a transdisciplinary research (involving architects and psychologists) centered on the links between the spatial characteristics and clinical state of people with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Investigations on these aspects are scarce and scattered, and few are scientifically conducted. The present thesis aims to reveal spatial features to promote the well -being of these people. The methodology consist in collecting architectural and clinical data in 20 institutions hosting adults with ASD. The architecture of these 20 institutions was characterized and behaviors of 148 residents from clinical questionnaires were evaluated. This work led to the creation of a database of architectural variables (explanatory) and clinical variables (to be explained and control). Statistical analysis of this database allowed to back up assumptions on the impacts of certain parameters of the built environment on the clinical condition of individuals with ASD. Beyond knowledge related to autism, the object is to situate our problematic in a broader questioning on the relationship between architecture and well- being of the individual. Architects design living spaces by projecting themselves as occupants, and use their own representation of the "quality of life" as a reference. This can lead to some discrepancies between the designed space, and space as experienced by users unknown to the designer
Mazaleyrat, Solenne. "L'habitat social en France et au Maroc : les politiques de logements sociaux menées à Bordeaux et Casablanca (1912-1980)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01H075/document.
Full textThe history of social housing in France is strongly connected to those of modern architecture and urbanism. The Moroccan colonial experience (1912- 1956) plays an important role in the evolution of both fields. Morocco served both of them as a field of experimentation during the interwar period, before the developed concepts get transferred back to France. The goal of this study is to demonstrate how the Moroccan colonial experience influences the social housing policies that have been done in-France between 1912 and 1980. The concept of histoire croisée allow to analyze which transfers take place between both countries, how each of both country influence the evolution of the transferred concepts and how these transfers influence the national policies. The study of Bordeaux in France and Casablanca in Morocco allows to analyze how theses national policies get applicate on local level and to study how these differences policies change the face of both cities
Danielo, Julien. "Les ports d'Auray et de Vannes aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles : ville, architecture et identité portuaire sous l'Ancient Régime." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00354721.
Full textHoulstan-Hasaerts, Rafaella. "Le tournant esthétique de la participation urbaine à l'épreuve de la société civile: Une recherche en terrains bruxellois." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/283956.
Full textThis thesis is about the connections between aesthetics and politics in urban participation and, more particularly, about the political promises of an urban participation that seemingly gives priority to expression, figuration, imagination and creation as well to the embodied, sensitive, attached, affective and emotional dimensions of our relations to the city. It would therefore seem that ‘aesthetic’ engagements and interests can promote empowerment and emancipation; democratic inclusion and the symmetrization of power; renewed ways of living together and creating collectively. Such promises are at the heart of what I propose to call an aesthetic turn of institutional urban participation, i.e. the passage from a deliberative conception of participation, conceived following the model of the “forum”, to an aesthetic conception of participation, conceived following the model of the “workshop”. And yet critical voices are already being raised. Some underline the risk of depoliticization that accompanies the aestheticization of urban participation and experience. Others, by contrast, emphasize the risk that aesthetics will be subordinated to democratic consensus and to ethics, at the expense of urban quality and of creative autonomy. Some highlight less the politico-aesthetic connection than external factors liable to jeopardize it. At issue, the usual suspects: the institutional framework and capitalism. The objective of this thesis is to take these critiques seriously without losing sight of the political demands of a participation in which the qualitative part of our urban experience would find a place. The proposal made here to achieve this objective is to decentre the gaze by not taking a direct interest in institutional mechanisms of participation. My first hypothesis, of a rather factual nature, posits that the political promises of the aesthetic turn of urban participation exceed its institutional facet, that they find their source in, among other things, mobilizations and initiatives taken by citizens, activists, engaged creators who, since the urban struggles of the 1960s, have marked the history of urban production. This hypothesis has “genealogical” implications, insofar as it encourages a rereading of the history of urban institutional participation not only in the context of its “aestheticization” but also by highlighting the at times direct relations between this aestheticization and participatory dynamics emanating from social movements and the counterculture. The second hypothesis is of a rather normative nature and has both evaluative and prospective implications. It posits that it is within the mobilizations and initiatives of civil society that the promises which also come with the aesthetic turn of institutional urban participation were best embodied, and that these provide levers of resistance against the critiques of which it is the target. Lastly, placed back to back, the two hypotheses invite us to question the extent to which the institutions have welcomed these attempts. Measuring the distances between these moments of live politics and their potential percolations to ulterior participatory dynamics makes it possible to understand how we inherited these mobilizations and initiatives from civil society and, possibly, how we could better inherit them.
Doctorat en Art de bâtir et urbanisme (Architecture)
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Gaudin, Solène. "Villes moyennes et rénovation urbaine : discours et actions d'une transaction spatiale : exemples pris en Bretagne." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00929827.
Full textHuet, Jean-Christophe. "Les habitats perchés dans la boucle du fleuve Niger (Mali)." Paris 4, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA040348.
Full textThe Bandiagara plateau and Gourma mounts were used as a refuge by dogon and sonrai populations fleeing plains insecurity. The villages are sometimes fortified and noteworthy for their troglodytic dwellings the habitation is the spatial expression of the social structure whose foundation is the minimal lineage. The social life is encapsulated in a complex symbolic system. A village bush dichotomy is the base of space conceptualization. Progression through life is associated with residence moves toward the village center where the village square express the power of gerontocracy
Fares, Kinda. "L'industrialisation du logement en France (1885-1970) : De la construction légère et démontable à la construction lourde et architecturale." Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00727276.
Full textMengin, Christine. "Loger l'employé : maîtrise d'ouvrage syndicale et modernité architecturale sous la République de Weimar." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010706.
Full textAubry, Patrick-Dominique. "Une relecture de l'oeuvre de Le Corbusier : "les machines à habiter" ont-elles encore quelque-chose à dire ?" Bordeaux 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR30002.
Full textIn the industrial postivism climate of the twenties and the thirties, Le Corbusier, heir to the great utopist trends of the 19th century,sets about modelling a "new man" through an habitat, following the rules of Taylorism and using the same technical advancements the those needed for the manufacture of the most perfect machines of the times. Using "standards", techniques, materials and a concept o f domestic space that determinates a new esthetical order, the "Quartiers Modernes Fruges" (Q. M. F. ) are a true working laboratory. After a nineteenth and twentieth century which pushed to the limits the possibilities offered by technique, in the beginning of this new century, man is catching sight of the urgent possibility of a reasonable and respectful exploitation of his word