Academic literature on the topic 'Architecture Equilibrée'
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Journal articles on the topic "Architecture Equilibrée"
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Leonessa, Alexander, Wassim M. Haddad, and Vijaysekhar Chellaboina. "Nonlinear robust hierarchical control for nonlinear uncertain systems." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 5, no. 6 (2000): 499–542. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1024123x99001210.
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A nonlinear robust control-system design framework predicated on a hierarchical switching controller architecture parameterized over a set of moving nominal system equilibria is developed. Specifically, using equilibria-dependent Lyapunov functions, a hierarchical nonlinear robust control strategy is developed that robustly stabilizes a given nonlinear system over a prescribed range of system uncertainty by robustly stabilizing a collection of nonlinear controlled uncertain subsystems. The robust switching nonlinear controller architecture is designed based on a generalized (lower semicontinuous) Lyapunov function obtained by minimizing a potential function over a given switching set induced by the parameterized nominal system equilibria. The proposed framework robustly stabilizes a compact positively invariant set of a given nonlinear uncertain dynamical system with structured parametric uncertainty. Finally, the efficacy of the proposed approach is demonstrated on a jet engine propulsion control problem with uncertain pressure-flow map data.
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de Coca Leicher, José. "ARQUITECTURAS AMPLIADAS. EL PABELLÓN DE EXPOSICIONES EN LA CASA DE CAMPO DE MADRID." Proyecto, Progreso, Arquitectura, no. 24 (2021): 106–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/ppa.2021.i24.06.
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La reciente intervención en el pabellón de Exposiciones, antiguo pabellón del Ministerio de la Vivienda realizado en 1959 para la IV Feria Internacional del Campo por Francisco de Asís Cabrero y Jaime Ruiz, es un interesante ejemplo de estrategias para recuperar arquitecturas, en este caso del siglo XX, ampliando su uso y su vida útil mediante la adaptación de sus espacios interiores y exteriores a nuevas necesidades ciudadanas, exigencias de accesibilidad y de acondicionamiento climático. La reha-bilitación, dentro de los “usos compatibles” previstos en el Plan Especial vigente, es parte de la iniciativa Campus Asociativo de Madrid formada por cuatro pabellones: Exposiciones, Valencia, Icona I e Icona II. En ese contexto, analizaremos las estrategias de intervención y las operaciones realizadas, a partir del estudio del edificio original y relacionándolo con otras arquitecturas de referencia, entre otros, los edificios que Mies van der Rohe realizó en el campus del IIT, también restaurados y que inspiraron a Cabrero y Ruiz. Alimentamos el debate de la recuperación de edificios, en el que lo realizado enriquece los criterios al uso. Conclui-remos evidenciando el equilibrio entre la recuperación de la espacialidad, su construcción experimental y la transformación del uso expositivo en el nuevo uso representativo y administrativo de carácter permanente, pero reversible, en lo que consideramos una “arquitectura ampliada”
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Viglialoro, G., J. Murcia, and F. Martínez. "Problemas asociados al equilibrio en estructuras de membrana con bordes rígidos." Informes de la Construcción 61, no. 516 (December 16, 2009): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/ic.08.038.
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GEORGIOU, CHRYSSIS, THEOPHANIS PAVLIDES, and ANNA PHILIPPOU. "SELFISH ROUTING IN THE PRESENCE OF NETWORK UNCERTAINTY." Parallel Processing Letters 19, no. 01 (March 2009): 141–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129626409000122.
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We study the problem of selfish routing in the presence of incomplete network information. Our model consists of a number of users who wish to route their traffic on a network of m parallel links with the objective of minimizing their latency. However, in doing so, they face the challenge of lack of precise information on the capacity of the network links. This uncertainty is modeled via a set of probability distributions over all the possibilities, one for each user. The resulting model is an amalgamation of the KP-model of [14] and the congestion games with user-specific functions of [22]. We embark on a study of Nash equilibria and the price of anarchy in this new model. In particular, we propose polynomial-time algorithms (w.r.t. our model's parameters) for computing some special cases of pure Nash equilibria and we show that negative results of [22], for the non-existence of pure Nash equilibria in the case of three users, do not apply to our model. Consequently, we propose an interesting open problem, that of the existence of pure Nash equilibria in the general case of our model. Furthermore, we consider appropriate notions for the social cost and the price of anarchy and obtain upper bounds for the latter. With respect to fully mixed Nash equilibria, we show that when they exist, they are unique. Finally, we prove that the fully mixed Nash equilibrium is the worst equilibrium.
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Barth, Dominique, Johanne Cohen, Olivier Bournez, and Octave Boussaton. "DISTRIBUTED LEARNING OF EQUILIBRIA IN A ROUTING GAME." Parallel Processing Letters 19, no. 02 (June 2009): 189–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s012962640900016x.
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We focus on the problem of learning equilibria in a particular routing game similar to the Wardrop traffic model. We describe a routing game played by a large number of players and present a distributed learning algorithm that we prove to converge weakly to equilibria for the system. The proof of convergence is based on a differential equation governing the global evolution of the system that is inferred from all the local evolutions of the agents in play. We prove that the differential equation converges with the help of Lyapunov techniques.
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Ranzato, Francesco. "Abstracting Nash equilibria of supermodular games." Formal Methods in System Design 53, no. 2 (August 7, 2017): 259–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10703-017-0291-x.
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Pinto, Carla M. A. "Strange Dynamics in a Fractional Derivative of Complex-Order Network of Chaotic Oscillators." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 25, no. 01 (January 2015): 1550003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127415500030.
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We study the peculiar dynamical features of a fractional derivative of complex-order network. The network is composed of two unidirectional rings of cells, coupled through a "buffer" cell. The network has a Z3 × Z5 cyclic symmetry group. The complex derivative Dα±jβ, with α, β ∈ R+ is a generalization of the concept of integer order derivative, where α = 1, β = 0. Each cell is modeled by the Chen oscillator. Numerical simulations of the coupled cell system associated with the network expose patterns such as equilibria, periodic orbits, relaxation oscillations, quasiperiodic motion, and chaos, in one or in two rings of cells. In addition, fixing β = 0.8, we perceive differences in the qualitative behavior of the system, as the parameter c ∈ [13, 24] of the Chen oscillator and/or the real part of the fractional derivative, α ∈ {0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0}, are varied. Some patterns produced by the coupled system are constrained by the network architecture, but other features are only understood in the light of the internal dynamics of each cell, in this case, the Chen oscillator. What is more important, architecture and/or internal dynamics?
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Lütjens, H., A. Bondeson, and O. Sauter. "The CHEASE code for toroidal MHD equilibria." Computer Physics Communications 97, no. 3 (September 1996): 219–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-4655(96)00046-x.
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Geiger, Philipp, and Christoph-Nikolas Straehle. "Learning Game-Theoretic Models of Multiagent Trajectories Using Implicit Layers." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 35, no. 6 (May 18, 2021): 4950–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v35i6.16628.
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For prediction of interacting agents' trajectories, we propose an end-to-end trainable architecture that hybridizes neural nets with game-theoretic reasoning, has interpretable intermediate representations, and transfers to downstream decision making. It uses a net that reveals preferences from the agents' past joint trajectory, and a differentiable implicit layer that maps these preferences to local Nash equilibria, forming the modes of the predicted future trajectory. Additionally, it learns an equilibrium refinement concept. For tractability, we introduce a new class of continuous potential games and an equilibrium-separating partition of the action space. We provide theoretical results for explicit gradients and soundness. In experiments, we evaluate our approach on two real-world data sets, where we predict highway drivers' merging trajectories, and on a simple decision-making transfer task.
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Jover Biboum, Margarita, Rubén García Rubio, and Carlos Ávila Calzada. "Procesos urbanos, dinámicas del agua y cambio climático." ZARCH, no. 15 (January 27, 2021): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.26754/ojs_zarch/zarch.2020154933.
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El agua, elemento fundamental para la vida, caracteriza nuestro planeta azul. Históricamente, los asentamientos humanos han cuidado este recurso tanto para uso personal como para el desarrollo de todo tipo de actividades. Las antiguas ciudades y los sistemas hídricos encontraron en algún momento un equilibrio. Sin embargo, con la revolución industrial, tanto el desarrollo urbano como la relación con los sistemas de agua y su ecología asociada, han empezado a cambiar de forma drástica. La crisis socioecológica de hoy no tiene precedentes. La capacidad de la humanidad para la transformación ambiental ha llegado a definir una nueva era geológica, conocida como Antropoceno (la era del hombre). Comprender las causas de esta transformación planetaria requiere nombres alternativos y más precisos como Thanatoceno (la era de la guerra), Phagoceno (la era del consumismo), Thermoceno (la era del calentamiento global), o Capitaloceno (la era del capital).
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Architecture Equilibrée"
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Coquillas, Benjamin. "Nouvelles topologies d’amplificateurs de puissance SiGe en bande Ku, optimisées en puissance, rendement et robustes au TOS actif." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022BORD0173.
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L’amélioration des systèmes RADAR des aéronefs actuels est confrontée aux deux défis majeurs que sont la réduction des surfaces occupées et la maîtrise du coût. Ces défis s’ajoutent aux contraintes matérielles spécifiques des missiles autodirecteurs concernant la tenue en puissance à forte température et la robustesse aux variations de charge extérieure causées par le dépointage des éléments rayonnants environnants (apparentées au phénomène de TOS actif). Un enjeu majeur réside dans la réponse de l’amplificateur de puissance, identifié comme brique élémentaire, à ces défis actuels. La technologie Silicium Germanium (SiGe) est mise en avant par de nombreux travaux académiques sur les nouvelles générations de télécommunication (5G, 6G). Des travaux récents sur des amplificateurs de puissance publiés entre 2016 et 2020 apportent des résultats proches des caractéristiques souhaitées sur des bandes de fréquence bande X et la partie basse de la bande Ku. Ce double contexte industriel et académique justifie une étude originale sur les caractéristiques et les limites de la technologie SiGe en haut de la bande Ku au regard de la puissance de sortie, du rendement, de la robustesse au TOS actif et de la tenue des performances en température. Au cours de ces travaux, avec à l’appui une étude bibliographique documentée et un cahier des charges précis, cinq motifs de puissance et trois types de coupleur sont réalisés, simulés, envoyés en fabrication et mesurés. La topologie d’architecture équilibrée, mise en exergue sur de nombreuses études relatives au self-contained, constitue notamment un pilier central de cette étude. Les choix de conception et les performances obtenues sont détaillés. Ces dernières sont comparées à l’état de l’art. Elles démontrent des avancées significatrices valorisées dans trois conférences majeures du domaine scientifique et apportent des réponses originales aux défis contemporains de conception d’amplificateurs de puissance pour une application RADAR au sein de missiles autodirecteursThe improvement of the RADAR systems of the current aircraft is confronted with the two major challenges of the reduction of the areas occupied and the control of the cost. These challenges are added to the specific material constraints of self-guided missiles concerning power handling at high temperature and robustness to external load variations caused by the misalignment of surrounding radiating elements (related to the active SWR phenomenon). A major challenge is based on the response of the power amplifier, identified as an elementary building block, to these current challenges. The Silicon Germanium (SiGe) technology is highlighted by many academic works on new generations of telecommunications (5G, 6G). Several recent works on power amplifiers published between 2016 and 2020 bring results close to the desired characteristics on X-band and low Ku-band. This dual industrial and academic context justifies an original study on the characteristics and limits of the SiGe technology at the top of the Ku band with regard to the output power, efficiency, robustness to active SWR and the power handling to temperature variations. During this work, with the support of a documented bibliographical study and acurrate specifications, five power patterns and three types of coupler are designed, simulated, sent to manufacturing and measured. The balanced architecture topology, highlighted in several self contained studies, is a central pillar of this study. The design choices and the performances obtained are detailed. These are compared to the state of the art. They demonstrate significant advances valued in three major conferences in the scientific field and provide original answers to the contemporary challenges of designing power amplifiers for a RADAR application within self-guided missiles
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Cappello, Franck. "Ptah : etude d'une architecture massivement parallele a ressources equilibrees et communications compilees." Paris 11, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA112283.
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Les etudes realisees dans cette these ont pour objet de definir l'architecture d'un calculateur massivement parallele original, de verifier sa faisabilite et d'etudier ses performances. L'objectif est d'obtenir une architecture extensible comme les architectures massivement paralleles et dont l'efficacite reste proche de celle des calculateurs vectoriels. Apres avoir etudie les parametres de l'extensibilite et de l'efficacite, nous proposons une architecture massivement parallele a memoire distribuee dont les ressources sont equilibrees en performance. L'equilibrage des performances du cpu, de la memoire et du reseau consiste a augmenter les performances du reseau de 2 ordres de grandeurs. Il est possible d'obtenir un tel gain en combinant l'utilisation de liaisons series a haut debit et celle d'un nouveau modele de communication: la compilation des communications. La faisabilite de cette approche repose sur plusieurs points. D'abord, la majorite des references aux donnees dans les applications numeriques doivent etre compilables. Ceci est verifie par une analyse statistique qui rapporte que plus de 80% des references d'un ensemble representatif d'applications sont connues des la compilation. Ensuite, il faut determiner les contraintes architecturales. Notre etude indique que l'architecture doit etre fortement synchrone, que la memoire ne peut etre hierarchisee et que le processeur elementaire est de type vliw. Enfin, il faut verifier que la technologie actuelle permet d'obtenir les performances requises. Nous etudions donc en detail la structure des elements determinants du reseau. Les performances obtenues par simulation montrent que l'architecture remplit l'objectif initial et offre un gain en performance du reseau de communication d'un a deux ordres de grandeur par rapport aux architectures comparables
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Krajecki, Michaël. "Equilibre de charge dynamique : étude et mise en œuvre dans le cadre des applications à nombre fini de tâches indépendantes et irrégulières." Metz, 1998. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1998/Krajecki.Michael.SMZ9818.pdf.
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Le parallélisme permet l'utilisation simultanée de plusieurs processeurs pour résoudre plus rapidement un problème. Cependant, multiplier la puissance de la machine par le nombre de processeurs est un idéal qui est en général très difficile à atteindre, car si la répartition des taches n'est pas optimisée, les performances du programme seront réduites. Le placement de ces tâches est un des problèmes principaux du parallélisme. Dans ce travail, nous étudions un environnement d'aide à la parallélisation pour les applications FTII (applications à nombre Fini de Tâches Indépendantes et Irrégulières). Cet environnement propose une première solution parallèle qui résout dynamiquement le problème d'équilibre de charge. L'environnement FTII met à la disposition de l'utilisateur différents outils dont : cinq algorithmes MIMD d'équilibre de charge dynamique, un modèle mathématique basé sur les matrices pour valider les algorithmes théoriquement et un environnement de programmation sur une machine parallèle virtuelle. Pour illustrer l'environnement FTII, nous considérons le lancer de rayons comme étude de cas. Nous avons montré le caractère irrégulier du lancer de rayons. En particulier, nous avons mis en évidence la dépendance existante entre le comportement de l'application et la scène à visualiser. A l'aide de l'environnement FTII, nous avons parallélisé le lancer de rayons et une analyse expérimentale sur CM-5 a été menée. L'environnement FTII, nous a permis de paralléliser efficacement le lancer de rayons sans se soucier de la machine cible ni de la stratégie d'équilibre de charge dynamique appliquéeParallelism allows the use of several processors simultaneously to solve a given problem more quickly. However, to increase the power of the machine by the number of processors is an ideal which is in general very difficult to reach, because if the task allocation is not optimized, the performances of the program will be reduced. The placement of these tasks is one of the principal problems of parallelism. In this work, we study a toolkit helping the parallelization of the FIIT applications (applications with a finite number of independent and irregular tasks). The result of this toolkit is a first parallel solution which dynamically solves the problem of load balancing. The FIIT toolkit proposes various tools to the user such as : five MIMD load balancing strategies, a mathematical model based on matrix to validate the algorithms theoretically and an environment of programming on a virtual parallel machine. To illustrate the FIIT toolkit, we consider the ray tracing as case study. We showed the irregular character of the ray tracing. In particular, we highlighted that the behaviour of the application is strongly dependent on the scene to visualize. Using the FIIT environment, we parallelized it and an experimental analysis on a CM-5 was carried out. The FIIT toolkit enabled us to parallelize the ray tracing application efficiently without worrying about the target machine nor the dynamic load balancing strategy applied
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Lindberg, Per Olov. "Aspects of Static Multi-Class Traffic equilibria under Congestion Pricing." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Transport and Location Analysis, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-12963.
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Congestion charging is a now accepted means of influencing traffic to behave in a more socio-economic optimal way, like e.g. in the Stockholm project. Already early work, in the 1920’s, showed that road use can be inefficient due externalities, i.e. that users don’t experience their own (negative) effect on other users: an extra car on a traffic link causes delays for other cars, but the driver himself does not experience this cost.In the 1950’s it was further shown - for a congested road network with homogeneous users – that if each user is charged a toll equal to the total value of time loss incurred on other users of the network, then -if we have fixed travel demand - this will induce an equilibrium that is system optimal in the sense that the total cost of network usage is minimal (assuming that all users have fixed and identical time values). But toll charges need to be levied in monetary units, and different travelers have different values of time. Therefore, to account for the effects of tolls, and to be able to compute equilibria, one needs to introduce different user classes, differing in their time values.
In this thesis, consisting of four papers, we study congestion pricing of road networks with users differing only in their time values. In particular, we analyze marginal social cost (MSC) pricing, a tolling scheme that charges each user a penalty corresponding to the value of the delays inflicted on other users, as well as its implementation through fixed tolls.
Paper III contains the main theoretical work of the thesis. In that paper we show that the variational inequalities characterizing the equilibria in question can be stated in symmetric or non-symmetric forms. The symmetric forms correspond to optimization problems, convex in the fixed-toll case and non-convex in the MSC case, which hence may have multiple equilibria. The objective of the latter problem is the total value of travel time, which thus is minimized at the global optima of that problem. Implementing close-to-optimal MSC tolls as fixed tolls leads to equilibria with possibly non-unique class specific flows, but with identical close-to-optimal values of the total value of travel time. Finally we give an adaptation, to the MSC setting, of the Frank-Wolfe algorithm, which is further applied to some test cases, including Stockholm.
Paper I is an early application using Frank-Wolfe, after having realized the possibility to symmetrize the problem.
Paper II gives a convexification of non-convex equilibrium problem for MSC tolls. We have used these convexifications to compute lower bounds when computing equilibria.
Paper IV is a short note commenting some flaws in two papers by Dial on MSC tolls.
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Li, Pei. "Unified system of code transformation and execution for heterogeneous multi-core architectures." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0441/document.
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Architectures hétérogènes sont largement utilisées dans le domaine de calcul haute performance. Cependant, le développement d'applications sur des architectures hétérogènes est indéniablement fastidieuse et sujette à erreur pour un programmeur même expérimenté. Pour passer une application aux architectures multi-cœurs hétérogènes, les développeurs doivent décomposer les données de l'entrée, gérer les échanges de valeur intermédiaire au moment d’exécution et garantir l'équilibre de charge de système. L'objectif de cette thèse est de proposer une solution de programmation parallèle pour les programmeurs novices, qui permet de faciliter le processus de codage et garantir la qualité de code. Nous avons comparé et analysé les défauts de solutions existantes, puis nous proposons un nouvel outil de programmation STEPOCL avec un nouveau langage de domaine spécifique qui est conçu pour simplifier la programmation sur les architectures hétérogènes. Nous avons évalué la performance de STEPOCL sur trois cas d'application classiques : un stencil 2D, une multiplication de matrices et un problème à N corps. Le résultat montre que : (i) avec l'aide de STEPOCL, la performance d'application varie linéairement selon le nombre d'accélérateurs, (ii) la performance de code généré par STEPOCL est comparable à celle de la version manuscrite. (iii) les charges de travail, qui sont trop grandes pour la mémoire d'un seul accélérateur, peuvent être exécutées en utilisant plusieurs accélérateurs. (iv) grâce à STEPOCL, le nombre de lignes de code manuscrite est considérablement réduitHeterogeneous architectures have been widely used in the domain of high performance computing. However developing applications on heterogeneous architectures is time consuming and error-prone because going from a single accelerator to multiple ones indeed requires to deal with potentially non-uniform domain decomposition, inter-accelerator data movements, and dynamic load balancing. The aim of this thesis is to propose a solution of parallel programming for novice developers, to ease the complex coding process and guarantee the quality of code. We lighted and analysed the shortcomings of existing solutions and proposed a new programming tool called STEPOCL along with a new domain specific language designed to simplify the development of an application for heterogeneous architectures. We evaluated both the performance and the usefulness of STEPOCL. The result show that: (i) the performance of an application written with STEPOCL scales linearly with the number of accelerators, (ii) the performance of an application written using STEPOCL competes with an handwritten version, (iii) larger workloads run on multiple devices that do not fit in the memory of a single device, (iv) thanks to STEPOCL, the number of lines of code required to write an application for multiple accelerators is roughly divided by ten
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CRETE, EMMANUEL. "Architecture pour un spectrometre correlateur numerique spatialisable. Excitation radiative hors equilibre dans le milieu interstellaire : h 2o et porteurs des emissions infrarouges non identifiees." Toulouse 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU30241.
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Ce memoire comprend une partie instrumentale et deux autres dediees a la modelisation, portant toutes sur l'etude du milieu interstellaire. Nous proposons dans la premiere partie une architecture originale pour un spectrometre a auto-correlation, basee sur l'utilisation de 2 circuits integres, en vue d'une application spatiale. Un module de correlation, realise et teste, a permis ensuite la realisation d'un spectrometre complet. Nous developpons egalement la sensibilite theorique d'un tel appareil, echantillonnant le signal sur 2 ou 3 bits. Dans la seconde partie nous avons contribue a developper et appliquer un modele d'equilibre radiatif de h 2o en presence des bandes infrarouges non identifiees dans differents milieux interstellaires. La bande a 6. 2 m excitant de maniere resonnante une transition de vibration de h 2o, la variation de l'intensite d'un certain nombre de transitions, par rapport a un modele uniquement collisionnel est mise en evidence. Certaines sont observables par des experiences embarquees passees (iso) ou a venir (first). La confrontation de ce modele avec des donnees dans une region de formation d'etoiles (nebuleuse messier 17) a permis de fixer une limite superieure sur la densite de colonne d'eau observee dans cette region. Dans la derniere partie nous confrontons l'emission infrarouge observee dans cette region de formation d'etoiles a deux modeles, l'un attribuant les bandes infrarouges a des poussieres carbonees et l'autre a des molecules carbonees. Les observations nous permettent de reconnaitre pour les deux modeles la signature de particules de taille nanometrique, pouvant representer une limite pour chacun des deux modeles.
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Bamha, Mostafa. "Parallélisme et équilibrage de charges dans le traitement de la jointure et de la multi-jointure sur des architectures SN." Orléans, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ORLE2001.
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L'interet du traitement parallele devient tres fort dans les applications qui exigent des performances de plus en plus elevees et en particulier dans les applications de bases de donnees, des entrepots de donnees et d'aide a la decision. Le parallelisme peut considerablement augmenter les performances de telles applications. Toutefois il n'est utile qu'en presence d'algorithmes realisant des requetes complexes sur des donnees dynamiques, irregulieres et distribuees. De tels algorithmes doivent etre concus pour repartir de maniere equitable la charge des differents processeurs tout en reduisant au minimum les couts des calculs locaux et de communication inherents aux machines multi-processeurs. Les recherches ont montre que l'operation de jointure ne peut etre parallelisable avec une acceleration lineaire sur des architectures shared nothing que sous des conditions ideales d'equilibre des donnees. Le desequilibre des donnees peut avoir un effet devastateur sur la performance. Dans le cadre de cette these, nous nous interessons au probleme d'equilibre de charge pour le traitement de la jointure et de la multi-jointure sur des architecture shared nothing. Dans ce contexte, avons propose une variete d'algorithmes pour le traitement de la jointure et la multi-jointure permettant de reduire les couts de redistribution (et donc les couts de communication) tout en traitant de maniere tres efficace les problemes de desequilibre des valeurs de l'attribut de jointure et des resultats de jointures. Nous avons etendu notre etude aux applications d'entrepots de donnees par la proposition d'un algorithme efficace pour la maintenance des vues materialisees dans un environnement shared nothing. L'analyse de complexite des differents algorithmes
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Hermann, Everton. "Simulations physiques interactives sur des architectures multi-core et multi-GPU." Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENM029.
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La simulation physique interactive est une composante clé pour les environnements virtuels. Toutefois, la quantité de calcul ainsi que la complexité du code augmente rapidement avec la variété, le nombre et la taille des objets simulés. Au cours de cette thèse nous avons étudié les différents moyens d'améliorer l'interactivité, et en même temps de minimiser l'impact sur le code de simulation. En premier lieu nous avons développé une nouvelle approche de détection de collisions pour les objets déformables qui est rapide et plus robuste que les approches traditionnelles de détection par proximité. Pour tirer profit des machines multi-core, nous proposons une approche de parallélisation qui repose sur un parallélisme des tâches. Avant l'éxecution d'un pas de temps nous extrayons un graphe de dépendance de tâche qui est partitionné pour définir la répartition des tâches entre les processeurs. Cette approche a un faible impact sur les algorithmes de simulation physique étant donné que le parallélisme est obtenu en changeant uniquement le code d'orchestration du lancement des tâches. Finalement, nous avons étendu nos travaux aux architectures multi-CPU et multi-GPU. L'utilisation de ces ressources de manière efficace et transparente est un enjeu de taille. Nous proposons un schéma de parallélisation pour l'équilibrage dynamique de charge entre plusieurs CPUs et GPUs. Nous nous appuyons sur une approche à deux niveaux associant un partitionement du graphe de tâches et l'équilibrage de charge par l'utilisation du vol de travail guidé par des critères d'affinité entre processeurs. Ces critères visent à limiter les migrations de taches entre les unités de calcul, et de favoriser l' association de petites tâches sur les processeurs et des grandes sur les GPU pour tirer parti de l'hétérogénéitéInteractive physical simulation is a key component of realistic virtual environments. However, the amount of computations as well as the code complexity grow quickly with the variety, number and size of the simulated objects. During this thesis we studied the different ways to improve interactivity, with the constraint of minimizing the impact in the simulation code. We started by developing a new approach to collision detection between deformable bodies that allows deep intersections. Experiments show that this approach is fast and more robust than traditional proximity-based collisions, allowing physical simulations to employ large time steps. To take profit of multi-core machines, we propose a parallelization approach that relies on a task parallelism. Prior to running a simulation step, we extract a task dependency graph that is partitioned to define the task distribution between processors. This approach has a low impact on physics algorithms as parallelism is mainly extracted from the coordination code. Finally we extended our works multi-CPU and multi-GPU architectures. Using these resources efficiently in a seamless way is a challenging issue. We propose a parallelization scheme for dynamically balancing work load between multiple CPUs and GPUs. We rely on a two level scheduling associating a traditional task graph partitioning and a work stealing guided by processor affinity and heterogeneity. These criteria are intended to limit inefficient task migrations between GPUs, the cost of memory transfers being high, and to favor mapping small tasks on CPUs and large ones on GPUs to take advantage of heterogeneity
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Al, Hajj Hassan Mohamad. "Parallélisme et équilibrage de charges dans le traitement de la jointure sur des architectures distribuées." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00465073.
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L'émergence des applications de bases de données dans les domaines tels que le data warehousing, le data mining et l'aide à la décision qui font généralement appel à de très grands volumes de données rend la parallélisation des algorithmes des jointures nécessaire pour avoir un temps de réponse acceptable. Une accélération linéaire est l'objectif principal des algorithmes parallèles, cependant dans les applications réelles, elle est difficilement atteignable : ceci est dû généralement d'une part aux coûts de communications inhérents aux systèmes multi-processeur et d'autre part au déséquilibre des charges des différents processeurs. En plus, dans un environnement hétérogène multi-utilisateur, la charge des différents processeurs peut varier de manière dynamique et imprévisible. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, nous nous intéressons au traitement de la jointure et de la multi-jointure sur les architectures distribuées hétérogènes, les grilles de calcul et les systèmes de fichiers distribués. Nous avons proposé une variété d'algorithmes, basés sur l'utilisation des histogrammes distribués, pour traiter de manière efficace le déséquilibre des données, tout en garantissant un équilibrage presque parfait de la charge des différents processeurs même dans un environnement hétérogène et multi-utilisateur. Ces algorithmes sont basés sur une approche dynamique de redistribution des données permettant de réduire les coûts de communication à un minimum tout en traitant de manière très efficace le problème de déséquilibre des valeurs de l'attribut de jointure. L'analyse de complexité de nos algorithmes et les résultats expérimentaux obtenus montrent que ces algorithmes possèdent une accélération presque linéaire.
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Savard, Christophe. "Amélioration de la disponibilité opérationnelle des systèmes de stockage de l'énergie électrique multicellulaires." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEI111/document.
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Les systèmes de stockage de l'énergie électrique de forte capacité sont configurés en systèmes matriciels de cellules élémentaires. Les caractéristiques électriques de ces cellules n'évoluent pas toutes de manière identique, diminuant la disponibilité, à court terme par décharge rapide, à long terme en réduisant la durée de vie. Pour améliorer ces performances, des cellules redondantes et des circuits d'équilibrage sont insérés pour assurer une reconfiguration adéquate. Il devrait être possible d'accroître la disponibilité en reconfigurant les connexions internes. Nous comparons deux solutions classiques : série-parallèle (SP) et parallèle-série (PS) avec une nouvelle permettant de redistribuer le courant dans une batterie : le C-3C. Les performances sont évaluées en terme de fiabilité et de disponibilité. Nous proposons également un algorithme de pilotage adapté. La fiabilité est améliorable par redondance. Les cellules supplémentaires seront utilisées pour remplacer des cellules affaiblies. Le système peut également être conçu pour tolérer la défection d'une partie des cellules. Nous démontrons par des diagrammes de fiabilité et des chaînes de Markov que les architectures C-3C et PS présentent le même niveau de fiabilité, supérieur à celui d'une architecture SP. La durabilité des structures peut être améliorée en pilotant la mise en service des ressources disponibles selon différentes stratégies déclinées dans un algorithme de choix fondé sur les États de charge ou les États de Santé. Nous avons modélisé une cellule sous Matlab, en simulant les paramètres de vieillissement et leur évolution dynamique. Ainsi quelle que soit l'architecture, pour peu qu'elle comprenne une part minimale de redondance, une adéquate gestion différentiée des cellules permet une amélioration de la disponibilité de 40%. Par souci de reproductibilité, nous avons également modélisé ces structures par un réseau de Petri coloré, de manière à esquisser l'instrumentation et le dimensionnement de la commandeHigh-capacity electrical energy storage system (EESS) are often matrix-organized system with a large number of elementary storage cells. Due to manufactoring tolerances and their individual use, the electrical characteristics of these cells do not evolve in the same way. These imbalances reduce operative dependability, in the short term by contributing to a decrease of the charge-discharge capacity, in the long-term by shortening lifetime. To improve storage performance, redundant cells can be added. It is also possible, in order to increase efficiency of stored energy restitution, to balance electrical characteristics by using energy exchange forced by an adequate configuration. It should therefore be possible to increase long-term operative dependability by reconfiguring internal connections in dynamic mode. Parallel-series (PS) architecture EESS consists of the series association of blocks, made up of several cells connected in parallel. Series-Parallel dual solution (SP) associates strings of cells in parallel. If other architectures are being studied, often requiring several switches per cell to reconfigure the matrix, we propose in this thesis a new architecture, called C3C, satisfying an acceptable level of reliability and distributing current flows. We then compare the classic solutions and the C3C in terms of reliability and the long-term operative dependability and propose a reflection on the possibilities to discrete control aspects to pilot architecture with a suitable control algorithm. The reliability of any structure can be improved by redundancy, with additional cells that will be used either to replace failing cells or temporarily supplemeting the weak ones. The system may also be designed to tolerate the defect of a portion of the cells. We demonstrate by modeling reliability diagrams and Markov chains that the C3C and PS architectures have a much eigher level of reliability than a SP architecture. The sustainability of these structures can also be improved by piloting activating and rest of the available resources according to different strategies in a choice algorithm based on SoC (State of Charge) or SoH (State of Health) of each cell. To do this, we model a cell on Matlab, precisely simulating the aging parameters and their dynamic evolution. It emerges that, whatever the architecture, if it includes a minimal share of redundant cells, an adequate differentiated management of the cells allows an improvement of the long-term operative dependability of nearly 40% on average. In order to study the reconfigurability control of architectures, we propose a model based on Discrete Event Systems through a colored Petri net. Simulation of this model has reinforced the behaviors already identified
Book chapters on the topic "Architecture Equilibrée"
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Hinsinger, Philippe, Michael J. Bell, John L. Kovar, and Philip J. White. "Rhizosphere Processes and Root Traits Determining the Acquisition of Soil Potassium." In Improving Potassium Recommendations for Agricultural Crops, 99–117. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59197-7_4.
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AbstractPlants acquire K+ ions from the soil solution, and this small and dynamic pool needs to be quickly replenished via desorption of surface-adsorbed K from clay minerals and organic matter, by release of interlayer K from micaceous clay minerals and micas, or structural K from feldspars. Because of these chemical interactions with soil solid phases, solution K+ concentration is kept low and its mobility is restricted. In response, plants have evolved efficient strategies of root foraging. Root traits related to root system architecture (root angle and branching), root length and growth, together with root hairs and mycorrhiza-related traits help to determine the capacity of plants to cope with the poor mobility of soil K. Rooting depth is also important, given the potentially significant contribution of subsoil K in many soils. Root-induced depletion of K+ shifts the exchange equilibria, enhancing desorption of K, as well as the release of nonexchangeable, interlayer K from minerals in the rhizosphere. Both these pools can be bioavailable if plant roots can take up significant amounts of K at low concentrations in the soil solution (in the micromolar range). In addition, roots can significantly acidify their environment or release large amounts of organic compounds (exudates). These two processes ultimately promote the dissolution of micas and feldspars in the rhizosphere, contributing to the mining strategy evolved by plants. There are thus several root or rhizosphere-related traits (morphological, physiological, or biochemical) that determine the acquisition of K by crop species and genotypes.
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Nagurney, Anna. "24. Parallel Computation of Economic Equilibria." In Applications on Advanced Architecture Computers, 265–76. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/1.9780898719659.ch24.
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Haddad, Wassim M., and Sergey G. Nersesov. "Conclusion." In Stability and Control of Large-Scale Dynamical Systems. Princeton University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691153469.003.0014.
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This book has described a general stability analysis and control design framework for large-scale dynamical systems, with an emphasis on vector Lyapunov function methods, vector dissipativity theory, and decentralized control architectures. The large-scale dynamical systems are composed of interconnected subsystems whose relationships are often circular, giving rise to feedback interconnections. This leads to nonlinear models that can exhibit rich dynamical behavior, such as multiple equilibria, limit cycles, bifurcations, jump resonance phenomena, and chaos. The book concludes by discussing the potential for applying and extending the results across disciplines, such as economic systems, network systems, computer networks, telecommunication systems, power grid systems, and road, rail, air, and space transportation systems.
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Galbiati, Marco, and Kimmo Soramäki. "Liquidity Saving Mechanisms and Bank Behavior in Payment Systems." In Simulation in Computational Finance and Economics, 103–19. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-2011-7.ch006.
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Interbank payment systems form the backbone of the financial architecture. Banks need to hold costly funds at the central bank to process interbank payments. Each bank would individually like to hold a low amount of funds and finance its outgoing payments from payments received by other banks during the day. Collectively, however, all banks cannot “free ride” on other banks’ liquidity, which makes bank behavior in interbank payment systems a complex and interesting topic. This chapter investigates the effect of Liquidity Saving Mechanisms (LSM) in interbank payment systems. LSM mechanisms have recently been implemented and proposed in many major interbank payment systems. The chapter applies a novel methodology combining Agent Based Modeling (ABM) and game theory. The authors model a stylized two-stream payment system where banks choose a) how much liquidity to post and b) which payments to route into the each of two “streams”: an RTGS stream and an LSM stream. The authors simulate the systems using realistic settlement processes and solve equilibrium choices for the amount of liquidity to post and the fraction of payments to settle in each stream. The authors find that, when liquidity is expensive, the two-stream system is more efficient than the vanilla RTGS system without LSM. This is because the LSM achieves better co-ordination of payments. When liquidity is inexpensive, the second stream does not add value, as banks find it convenient to ignore it and use the plain RTGS stream. For an intermediate range of cost of liquidity, several equilibria may emerge. Besides a corner equilibrium where all payments are settled via the LSM stream, there are equilibria where both streams are used. Interestingly, some of these may be inefficient, as they involve a (somewhat paradoxical) mix of intensive use of the LSM and high liquidity usage in the RTGS stream. The appeal of the LSM resides in its ability to ease (but not completely solve) strategic inefficiencies stemming from externalities and free-riding.
Conference papers on the topic "Architecture Equilibrée"
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Roch, Christoph, Santiago Londono Castillo, and Claudia Linnhoff-Popien. "A Grover based Quantum Algorithm for Finding Pure Nash Equilibria in Graphical Games." In 2022 IEEE 19th International Conference on Software Architecture Companion (ICSA-C). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsa-c54293.2022.00036.
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Harne, Ryan L., and Quanqi Dai. "Robustness of Adaptive, Multistable Structures Under Combined Harmonic and Stochastic Loads." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-59889.
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Multistability is a characteristic that can introduce exceptional versatility in engineered structural systems. For such adaptive structures, multiple stable equilibria empower a means for large shape change, mechanical properties tuning, and dynamic response tailoring, all potentially free from the costs and complexity associated with sustained active controls and hardware. As a result, a comprehensive understanding on the sensitivities of transitioning between the stable equilibria of multistable structures is needed to effectively leverage the valuable adaptation mechanisms. Previous characterizations provided useful insights on the dynamic sensitivities to snap-through of bi- or multistable structures under either harmonic or stochastic excitations, but the more practical combination of harmonic and stochastic loading has not received close attention. To provide a more complete understanding on the robustness of adaptive, multistable structures under complex excitations, this research explores new methods to quantify the likelihood of triggering the dynamic transitions between stable equilibria in an archetypal, magnetoelastic, bistable cantilever beam due to combined harmonic and stochastic loading. The studies capture the myriad, steady-state dynamic response regimes and susceptibilities of the bistable architecture to suddenly transition to another stable equilibria, or back again, due to various levels of additive white noise in the total excitation spectra. It is discovered that when the harmonic excitation component occurs at a frequency close to the linearized resonance the additional noise excitation rapidly disables the persistent periodic snap-through dynamics, resulting in locally stable intrawell oscillation. On the other hand, the extra noise may drastically compromise the integrity of locally stable periodic responses that occur at frequencies around one-half of the linearized resonance. By addressing the previous unknowns regarding more realistic excitation spectra, these new insights and assessment methods provide important guidance towards effective implementation of bistable constituents in adaptive structures applications.
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Kim, Jinki, Patrick Dorin, and K. W. Wang. "Hybrid-Bistable Vibration Energy Harvester With Adaptive Potential Well." In ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2018-85635.
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Many common environmental vibration sources exhibit low and broad frequency spectra. In order to exploit such excitations, energy harvesting architectures utilizing nonlinearity, especially bistability, have been widely studied since the energetic interwell oscillations between their stable equilibria can provide enhanced power harvesting capability over a wider bandwidth compared to the linear counterpart. However, one of the limitations of these nonlinear architectures is that the interwell oscillation regime may not be activated for a low excitation level that is not strong enough to overcome the potential energy barrier, thus resulting in low amplitude intrawell response which provides poor energy harvesting performance. While the strategic integration of bistability and additional dynamic elements has shown potential to improve broadband energy harvesting performance by lowering the potential barrier, there is a clear opportunity to further improve the energy harvesting performance by extracting electrical power from the kinetic energy in the additional element that is induced when the potential barrier is lowered. To explore this opportunity and advance the state of the art, this research develops a novel hybrid bistable vibration energy harvesting system with a passive mechanism that not only adaptively lowers the potential energy barrier level to improve broadband performance but also exploits additional means to capture more usable electrical power. The proposed harvester is comprised of a cantilever beam with repulsive magnets, one attached at the free end and the other attached to a linear spring that is axially aligned with the cantilever (a spring-loaded magnet oscillator). This new approach capitalizes on the adaptive bistable potential that is passively realized by the spring-loaded magnet oscillator, which lowers the double-well potential energy barrier thereby facilitating the interwell oscillations of the cantilever across a broad range of excitation conditions, especially for low excitation amplitudes and frequencies. The interwell oscillation of the cantilever beam enhances not only the piezoelectric energy harvesting from the beam but also the electromagnetic energy harvesting from the spring-loaded magnet oscillator by inducing large amplitude vibrations of the magnet oscillator. Numerical investigations found that the proposed architecture yields significantly enhanced energy harvesting performance compared to the conventional bistable harvester with fixed magnet.
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Spiewak, Swavik, Arjun Selvakumar, Mehdi Tabe Arjmand, and Eric Lawrence. "Dynamics of Mechanically Over-Constrained Inertial Sensors." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-40692.
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Microsystems Technology based inertial sensors offer important advantages in low-invasive measurement of spatial motion with sub-micron accuracy. Their successful implementation hinges upon achieving very low distortion and noise at the low end of the frequency spectrum. Of particular importance is the Vibration Rectification Error (VRE) — an apparent shift in the signal bias that occurs when inertial sensors are subjected to vibration. A common approach to the reduction of VRE is assuring a highly symmetrical mechanical structure of sensors. Furthermore, a low cross-axis sensitivity is desirable. In accelerometers these properties are achieved by employing multiple flexures supporting the seismic mass. However, this may lead to mechanical over-constraining and multiple local equilibria rather than a single global one. Multiple equilibria combined with the nonlinearity of flexures create conditions for chaotic behavior, which can greatly degrade the sensors’ performance. We investigate representative architectures of high performance servo accelerometers, study the impact of over-constraining, and develop comprehensive dynamic models accounting for the presence of this condition. Given the complexity of spatial motion of the proof mass and resulting deformations in the flexures, we employ computer aided generation of constitutive, symbolic and scaleable models of the investigated sensors. We illustrate analytical investigations with numerical simulations and experimental results.
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Millentrup, Viktoria, Mette Ramsgaard Thomsen, and Paul Nicholas. "Actuated Textile Hybrids Textile smocking for designing dynamic force equilibria in membrane structures." In 37 Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe and XXIII Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics, Joint Conference (N. 1). São Paulo: Editora Blucher, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/proceedings-ecaadesigradi2019_521.
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Oliveira Eskinazi, Mara. "Le Corbusier in Berlin, 1958: the universal and the individual in the unbuilt city." In LC2015 - Le Corbusier, 50 years later. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/lc2015.2015.921.
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Abstract: Among several urban plans designed for Berlin, we find Le Corbusier`s project for the Hauptstadt Berlin 1958 competition, which aimed at thinking the reconstruction of the city center destroyed in the II World War. Corbusier`s relation with Berlin dates back to 1910, when he arrives at the city to work at Peter Behrens` office. So, for him, the plan for Berlin was a rare opportunity to develop ideas about the city that provided one of the largest contributions to his urban design education, and also to develop ideas he formulated forty years before for Paris` center. Besides that, this project was developed almost simultaneously with CIAM`s crises and dissolution, which culminated in the 50`s with the consequent appearance of Team 10. At that moment Corbusier`s universalist approach to urbanism starts to be challenged by CIAM`s young generation, which had a critical approach towards the design methods inherited from the previous generation, associated with CIAM`s foundational moment. From the beginning of the 50`s on, this new generation balances the universalist ideals inherited from the previous generation with individualist ones they identified as necessary to face the new post war reality. Thus, the main goal of this paper is to analyse Corbusier’s design for Berlin and question whether he, at an already mature point of his career, was proposing a plan that answered only the questions that were important to CIAM and to the canonical principles of modern architecture, or if he had also addressed those that belonged to the new generation and Team 10`s agenda, both of them present in the debates of the moment, largely identified as a transitional period. Resumen: Entre varios planes urbanos diseñados para Berlín, esta el proyecto de Le Corbusier para el concurso Hauptstadt Berlín 1958, que tenia como objetivo pensar la reconstrucción del centro de la ciudad, destruida en la II Guerra Mundial. La relación de Corbusier con Berlín se remonta a 1910, cuando llega a la ciudad para trabajar en la oficina de Peter Behrens. Así que, para él, el plan de Berlín fue una rara oportunidad de desarrollar ideas sobre la ciudad que dio una de las mayores enseñanzas a su aprendizaje en diseño urbano, y también para desarrollar las ideas que formuló cuarenta años antes para el centro Paris. Además de eso, este proyecto se ha desarrollado simultáneamente con la crisis y disolución de CIAM, y con la aparición de Team 10. En ese momento, el enfoque universalista de Corbusier comienza a ser cuestionado por la generación joven de CIAM, que tenía enfoque crítico hacia los métodos de diseño heredados de la generación anterior. Desde el principio de los 50`s, esta nueva generación equilibra los ideales universalistas heredados de la generación anterior con los individualistas necesarios para hacer frente a la nueva realidad. Por lo tanto, lo principal objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el diseño de Corbusier para Berlín y cuestionar si, en un punto ya maduro de su carrera, él propone un plan que respondió sólo las cuestiones que eran importantes para CIAM y a los principios canónicos de la arquitectura moderna, o si también se trataron temas que pertenecían a la nueva generación y a la agenda del Team 10, ambos presentes en los debates del momento, en gran parte identificado como un período de transición. Keywords: Berlin; competition; reconstruction; universal; individual; transitional period. Palabras clave: Berlín; concurso; reconstrucción; universal; individual; periodo de transición. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/LC2015.2015.921