Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Architecture comparée'
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Fincker, Myriam. "Analyse comparée des amphithéâtres d' Arles et de Nîmes : architecture." Aix-Marseille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX10049.
Full textSawan, Ismail. "Le temple en Syrie d'après les documents paleo-babyloniens : étude comparée de quelques aspects." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010675.
Full textDujon-Attali, Ben Mayer Caroline. "Notre-Dame de Reims, de Laon et de Paris : étude comparée de la restauration de l'architecture et de la statuaire de 1789 à 1914." Thesis, Reims, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REIML001.
Full textThe scientific approach conducting the present piece of research combines both tradition and innovation; historical continuity on one hand – first of heritage and cultural history – initiated by the first studies on heritage policies and responsible administrations: the “Conseil supérieur des Beaux-arts” and Marie-Claude Genet-Delacroix's thesis, the early museums and the associated heritage effect studied by Dominique Poulot, then continuity of a general history of restoration and the Jean-Michel Léniaud's papers on the “service des Edifices diocésains” and cathedrals, and Françoise Bercé's book on the “Monuments historiques”; innovation on the other hand by focusing here on the question of restoration at work in a comparative study of three gothic cathedrals work sites – Our Lady of Rheims, Our Lady of Laon and Our Lady of Paris – from 1789 to 1914. Intersecting religious history, art history and political history, this research deals with monumental restoration as a political, administrative, technical and aesthetical concept and its application to every ancient monument including gothic cathedrals: but from a concept to its tangible realisation lie numerous actions and professionals (contractors and owners) as well as numerous hindrances and factors that diversify its application and implementation. This study is a comparative analysis of the conditions, programs, modes and technics employed during the 19th century on the three restoration sites
Park, Sun-Uk. "Centralité périphérique et centre commercial : Paris-Séoul, étude comparée." Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100041/document.
Full textIn this work, we analyzed the role, type and character of the large commercial establishment in the formation of the centrality in urban fringe through a relationship with the evolution of the city. We conducted the same analysis on the new town in the outskirts of Seoul. Also, we looked for a comparison between two cities, Paris and Seoul. This work is carried out around three points of view presented below : the evolution of commercial space in the urban mutation of Paris and Seoul; the role of commercial space and peripheral centrality : the case of the new town; the characteristic and evolution of shopping center : the case of Korea. Here are the contents of each part : the first part deals with contents related to the evolution of the commercial space in the urban mutation. Chapter I presents the evolution of commercial space in Paris and Seoul by distinguishing the historical evolution, the evolution of commercial space in the process of modernization, changes in lifestyle and adaptation of urban space in these developments. Chapter II provides the theoretical analysis and the definition relating to the urban center in the process of modernization that leads the development of the center and its periphery and considers the dispersion of the center, the regional distribution of large commercial establishment on the outskirts of the city and the spatial evolution of the peripheral area of Seoul. Then, Chapter III examines the type of shopping center and the nature of urban space, the composition of the commercial space, the changing patterns of consumption and the expansion of commercial equipment. In the second part, we consider the role of commercial space and the peripheral centrality about the new town. Chapter IV discusses the role of commercial space as a key element in the composition of central place in which it distinguished the policy, the spatial character of the central place and the role of the commercial establishment in the composition of the new town. Chapter V deals with content related to the current state of the large commercial establishment, the form of the central place, the state of consumer space, the principles of the urban design and the identity of Ilsan and Bundang new town, located on the outskirts of Seoul. Chapter VI analyzes the architectural characteristics, type, role of large commercial establishment located in the new town and the image of the commercial space as a place of urban activity. In the third part, we consider the characteristics and evolution of the shopping center in Korea. Chapter VII analyzes the evolution of regulations related to commercial urban planning, the evolution and the development of commercial space by giving the definition of various types of sales. Finally, Chapter VIII analyzes the shopping center as a new urban fabric considering their type and character, the nature of the spatial composition and the tendency of the complexity of these Korean institutions
Jacqueline, Sandra. "Compréhension comparée des pratiques psychopharmacologiques et psychanalytique de prises en charge hospitalières : défaire et refaire une sociologie de la psychiatrie." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0156.
Full textSocial science studies of psychiatry have been mainly interested in the social mandate of the psychiatric institution. The polarisation of psychiatry between psychodynamic approaches and biological approaches in the etiology of mental disorders has given rise to public debates but also within the social science to question of the scientific and therapeutic functions of this medical speciality. This thesis proposes to jointly investigate the transformations of contemporary psychiatry, the professional organisation of the psychiatric hospital, the therapeutic function allocated in Prance to the psychiatric hospital and psychiatric practices by comparing the practices of care in two psychiatric wards: one of psychoanalytic orientation, the other referring to psychopharmacology. The thesis plan is organised around a central hypothesis in that the studied wards form some worlds of care which order and organise entities involved in the definition of care according to the primary aim of treatment pursued by each of them. The first part of the thesis focuses on the medical activity with the study of overall medical organisation and the forms of doctor-patient relationships. The second part of the thesis recounts the genealogy of nursing practice in psychiatry. The third part of the thesis analyses worlds of care in action from three boundary objects of psychiatry that are the "framework", the nurses* interviews and the buildings of the psychiatric services
Soulet, Quentin. "Typologie, architecture et évolution des systèmes silicoclastiques des marges abruptes. Analyse comparée de la marge Ligure au Plio-Quaternaire et de la marge San-Pedro au Crétacé supérieur." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066694/document.
Full textTurbidite systems present both academic and industrial interests since they are archives of environmental conditions and potential oil reservoirs. Among many parameters controlling the sedimentary organization, the continental slope inclination appears to be a major parameter. The analysis of slope inclination’s and these variations on the hydrodynamic of sedimentary flows and thus on turbidite systems architecture is a crucial character for both academic and industrial interests. The Pliocene-Quaternary turbidite systems of the Gulf of Genoa and upper margin of the Ivorian Cretaceous develop on margins with steep slope profiles controlled by tectonic processes and are suitable and complementary items for the Study of turbidite sedimentation in context of abrupt margin. This work is based on the high-resolution analysis of acoustic data (bathymetry, multibeam imaging, seismic THR, sidescan sonar) acquired on the steep margin of the Gulf of Genova (Malisar, Fables, Prism, Gelo) and the analysis of a 3D seismic block on the Ivorian steep margin. Turbidite accumulations of two sites demonstrate particle segregation processes with trapping coarser particles into specific structures such as plunge pools and cyclic steps. The detailed study of these bodies related to hydraulic jump sheds a new light on the continuity of sand bodies in the transition canyon / lobe and allows the designing of a new reservoir model scenario. Further analysis of these two areas of study shows the direct impact of tectonic activity on the architecture of turbidite accumulations by establishing and maintaining a nick area where the phenomenon of hydraulic jump can be maintained over time
Soulet, Quentin. "Typologie, architecture et évolution des systèmes silicoclastiques des marges abruptes. Analyse comparée de la marge Ligure au Plio-Quaternaire et de la marge San-Pedro au Crétacé supérieur." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066694.
Full textTurbidite systems present both academic and industrial interests since they are archives of environmental conditions and potential oil reservoirs. Among many parameters controlling the sedimentary organization, the continental slope inclination appears to be a major parameter. The analysis of slope inclination’s and these variations on the hydrodynamic of sedimentary flows and thus on turbidite systems architecture is a crucial character for both academic and industrial interests. The Pliocene-Quaternary turbidite systems of the Gulf of Genoa and upper margin of the Ivorian Cretaceous develop on margins with steep slope profiles controlled by tectonic processes and are suitable and complementary items for the Study of turbidite sedimentation in context of abrupt margin. This work is based on the high-resolution analysis of acoustic data (bathymetry, multibeam imaging, seismic THR, sidescan sonar) acquired on the steep margin of the Gulf of Genova (Malisar, Fables, Prism, Gelo) and the analysis of a 3D seismic block on the Ivorian steep margin. Turbidite accumulations of two sites demonstrate particle segregation processes with trapping coarser particles into specific structures such as plunge pools and cyclic steps. The detailed study of these bodies related to hydraulic jump sheds a new light on the continuity of sand bodies in the transition canyon / lobe and allows the designing of a new reservoir model scenario. Further analysis of these two areas of study shows the direct impact of tectonic activity on the architecture of turbidite accumulations by establishing and maintaining a nick area where the phenomenon of hydraulic jump can be maintained over time
Alon, Lior. "Entre Occident et Orient : la cathédrale Saint-Front de Périgueux et les églises à file de coupoles en Aquitaine, étude comparée avec les églises à coupoles byzantines de Chypre." Poitiers, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003POIT5007.
Full textKarlsson, Claes. "Designing an Experiment to Compare Component Systems." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Mathematics and Systems Engineering, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-819.
Full textThe aim of this work is to design an experiment, where client-server systems can be compared. They belong to the group of systems that are called component systems. Client-server systems are difficult to compare, because they are complex. The client-server systems are documented in different ways. Notations in the implementation of them are in different ways. There is a large difference in the communication between the client and server. The architectures between the client-server systems differ also, but they are not totally different. Therefore it is possible to construct an experiment for comparing them. Client-server systems that will be compared are Java RMI, Web Services, CORBA, and Enterprise JavaBeans. We are going to use Java as the programming language. Some of these systems, for example CORBA, can be implemented in other languages. The designed experiment is among other things going to answer how long time is needed to implement a specific application, how fast a specific client-server system is, and how long time is spent for learning about a specific system.
Henocq, Cybil, and Cybil Henocq. "Architecture et droit d'auteur : approche comparatiste franco-canadienne." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/38249.
Full textLe sujet de ce mémoire est relatif aux particularités de la protection de l’œuvre architecturale en droit d’auteur, et plus précisément aux limites à ce droit découlant de la nature de l’œuvre, en droit français et en droit canadien. L’objectif de cette recherche sera, à titre principal, de démontrer qu’il existe des limites intrinsèques à la protection de l’œuvre architecturale à la fois en droit d’auteur français et en droit d’auteur canadien, de sorte qu’un régime particulier s’applique à elle. Subsidiairement, nous serons amenés à démontrer que ces spécificités présentent des nuances d’un ordre juridique à l’autre qui traduisent les marques d’une différence conceptuelle plus fondamentale entre le droit français et le droit canadien en termes de droit d’auteur. D’un côté, le droit d’auteur à la française personnaliste et romantique place la personne de l’auteur au centre de la protection et lui attribue des prérogatives très marquées. De l’autre, le droit d’auteur canadien se place dans une tradition de copyright et donc dans une logique plus économique et travailliste qui se concentre davantage sur l’exploitation économique de l’œuvre et l’intérêt du public. Cette démonstration se fera par le prisme de l’étude de la qualification de l’œuvre, au travers de l’originalité et de la contrefaçon, et de son intangibilité, fragilisée par la confrontation entre le droit moral de l’architecte-auteur et le droit de propriété.
This essay aims to study the particularities of the protection of architectural works in copyright, and more specifically its limits resulting from the nature of the work, in French and Canadian law. The main objective of this research is to demonstrate that there are intrinsic limitations to the protection of architectural works in both French and Canadian copyright law, which therefore differs from the ordinary legislation regarding copyright. Incidentally, this study will lead us to demonstrate that these specificities show nuances from one legal system to another, which reflect the marks of a more fundamental difference between French law and Canadian law in terms of copyright conception. On the one hand, the French conception of “droit d’auteur”, finely personalist and romantic, places the author's person at the heart of the protection by giving him significant prerogatives. On the other hand, Canadian copyright stems mainly from a common law tradition and is thus animated by a more economic and labour-oriented logic which further focuses on the economic exploitation of the work and public interest. This demonstration will be made by studying the qualification of the work, through the notions of originality and counterfeiting, and its intangibility, which is weakened by the confrontation between the moral right of the architect and property right.
This essay aims to study the particularities of the protection of architectural works in copyright, and more specifically its limits resulting from the nature of the work, in French and Canadian law. The main objective of this research is to demonstrate that there are intrinsic limitations to the protection of architectural works in both French and Canadian copyright law, which therefore differs from the ordinary legislation regarding copyright. Incidentally, this study will lead us to demonstrate that these specificities show nuances from one legal system to another, which reflect the marks of a more fundamental difference between French law and Canadian law in terms of copyright conception. On the one hand, the French conception of “droit d’auteur”, finely personalist and romantic, places the author's person at the heart of the protection by giving him significant prerogatives. On the other hand, Canadian copyright stems mainly from a common law tradition and is thus animated by a more economic and labour-oriented logic which further focuses on the economic exploitation of the work and public interest. This demonstration will be made by studying the qualification of the work, through the notions of originality and counterfeiting, and its intangibility, which is weakened by the confrontation between the moral right of the architect and property right.
Khoshbinroudi, Farangis. "La ville traditionnelle iranienne : conception compacte et bioclimatique en zone aride." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLD005.
Full textMost of the energy consumption of buildings in Iran comes from oil, gas and electricity sources, while fossil fuel resources are running out in Iran. In addition to that, the country's average energy consumption is higher than other countries and even some oil-rich countries, while government subsidies and cheap oil and gas resources has exacerbated this critical situation. Buildings and houses with an average consumption share of 42.41 percent has a high share of energy consumption of the country and renewable energies are used only marginally. In contrast to this situation, Iranian cities, for thousands of years, have had a low consumption pattern of energy with the use of architectural and urban construction techniques and have come to a permanent and sustainable coexistence with their surroundings. This research seeks to understand the principles and techniques of constructing the traditional urban architecture of Yazd in the centre of Iran to provide in-depth insights toward energy optimization in urban areas. Moreover, the global methods of sustainable urban development are studied and compared to extract a set of guidelines for improving urban conditions in the traditional areas of Yazd. This research is fundamental in terms of orientation, and the purpose is exploration and being applicable. The compilation of the required data is done in two ways firstly) documentary method with the use of historical texts, authoritative writings of historians, and review of urban development plans such as comprehensive and detailed plans, and secondly field observations and meetings with practitioners and faculties have been conducted. Based on the gathered information, analysis of the current situation in the studied area has been carried out using qualitative descriptive method. Finally, with the consideration to the centralized urban management system of Iran, we proposed a method for transferring these results to the administrative sectors?
Noblet, Christel de. "Protection du patrimoine architectural et initiative privée : étude de droit comparé sur la protection du patrimoine architectural par l'initiative privée à but non lucratif, aux États-Unis et au Royaume-Uni." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA110024.
Full textAchim, Irina Adriana. "La basilique chrétienne en Illyricum : l'architecture cultuelle entre l'Orient et l'Occident : le cas des provinces de l'Illyricum du Nord-Est comparé à celui des provinces du Bas-Danube." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010505.
Full textDube, Tinashe H. "The application of architectural indicators to compare residential quality of life: A case study of Zimbabwean families currently residing in South Africa and the UK." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/64742.
Full textMini Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Architecture
MSc Applied Sciences in Architecture
Unrestricted
Jeanne, Pierre. "Architectural, petrophysical and hydromechanical properties of fault zones in fractured-porous rocks : compared studies of a moderate and a mature fault zones (France)." Nice, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NICE4016.
Full textAlthough fault zones represent a very small volume of the crust, they highly influence the crust’s mechanical and fluid flows properties. This work compares high definition trans-disciplinary analyses of two fault zones with highly contrasted properties. One is a mature fault zone of plurikilometer length, and the other is a small fault zone of a few hundred meters length. We have characterized the architectural, hydromechanical and strength properties of these faults to improve the understanding of the coupling between fault zones hydromechanical properties and their potential activation. A protocol to characterize in the field (on outcropping segments) the faults hydraulic and mechanical properties has been conducted through the coupling of micro-structural analyses, detailed rock physical descriptions at the rock mass several scales. The two studied fault zones despite their different sizes display some similarities. Both show a strong coupling between the fault zone diagenetic history, the initial properties of the sedimentary layers and the fault zone current hydraulic and mechanical properties. We show that the most important parameter governing the hydromechanical behaviors of fault zones is the continuity of the damage zones. A mature fault zone will have a relatively continuous damage zone while a small fault zone will contain a more heterogeneous damage zone characterized by an alternation of fractured and un-fractured layers. These architectural contrasts of damage zones also depend on the initial intact rock properties of the sedimentary series. Contrasted initial intact rock strengths (σc) induce contrasted strain accommodation mechanisms in the fault zone compartments, and an associated fault zone architecture that displays large thickness variations, characterized by alternate high-permeable-low-stiff and low-permeable-high-stiff layers in the damage zone
Marzaki, Abderrezak. "Développement de technique de procédé de fabrication innovante et de nouvelle architecture de transistor MOS." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4768.
Full textThe component miniaturization and the circuit performance improvement are due to the progress related to the manufacturing process. Despite the number of existing technology, the CMOS technology is the most used. In the 90nm CMOS technology development, with a double poly-silicon level, the research on the introduction of innovative manufacturing process techniques and a new architecture of MOS transistor with an adjustable threshold voltage are carried out to improve the integrated circuit performances. A first study, on the peak effect implementation in the integrated circuits, particularly in the non-volatile memories is undertaken. A new process to obtain a peak effect in a material is proposed. It is shown the tunnel current gain obtained on a peak structure compared with a planar structure. A second study is focused on the development of a new patterning technique. The patterning techniques allow to reduce the photolithography dimensions without using an aggressive mask. The advantages of this new technique in terms of its implementation and the suppression of alignment problems are presented. A last study on the development of a MOS transistor with an adjustable threshold voltage is developed. It is shown the advantage of this component relative to the other components with an adjustable threshold voltage. The model implementation and the first electrical simulations of elementary circuits composed with this new component are presented. The performance improvement of some elementary circuits is demonstrated
Musasa, Mutombo Mike. "Evaluation of embedded processors for next generation asic : Evaluation of open source Risc-V processors and tools ability to perform packet processing operations compared to Arm Cortex M7 processors." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-299656.
Full textNätverksprocessorer är en viktig byggsten av informationsteknik idag. I takt med att 5G nätverk byggs ut runt om i världen, många fler enheter kommer att kunna ta del av deras kraftfulla prestanda och programerings flexibilitet. Informationsteknik företag som Ericsson, spenderarmycket ekonomiska resurser på licenser för att kunna använda proprietära instruktionsuppsättnings arkitektur teknik baserade processorer från ARM holdings. Det är väldigt kostam att fortsätta köpa licenser då dessa arkitekturer är en byggsten till designen av många processorer och andra komponenter. Idag finns det en lovande ny processor instruktionsuppsättnings arkitektur teknik som inte är licensierad så kallad Risc-V. Tack vare Risc-V har många propietära och öppen källkod processor utvecklats idag. Det finns dock väldigt lite information kring hur bra de presterar i nätverksapplikationer är känt idag. Kan en öppen-källkod Risc-V processor utföra nätverks databehandling funktioner lika bra som en proprietär Arm Cortex M7 processor? Huvudsyftet med detta arbete är att bygga en test model som undersöker hur väl en öppen-källkod Risc-V baserad processor utför databehandlings operationer av nätverk datapacket jämfört med en Arm Cortex M7 processor. Detta har utförts genom att ta fram en C programmeringskod som simulerar en mottagning och behandling av 72 bytes datapaket. De följande funktionerna testades, inramning, parsning, mönster matchning och klassificering. Koden kompilerades och testades i både en Arm Cortex M7 processor och 3 olika emulerade öppen källkod Risc-V processorer, Arianne, SweRV core och Rocket-chip. Efter att ha testat några öppen källkod Risc-V processorer och använt test koden i en ArmCortex M7 processor, kan det hävdas att öppen-källkod Risc-V processor verktygen inte är tillräckligt pålitliga än. Denna rapport tyder på att öppen-källkod Risc-V emulatorer och verktygen behöver utvecklas mer för att användas i nätverks applikationer. Det finns ett behov av ytterligare undersökning inom detta ämne i framtiden. Exempelvis, en djupare undersökning av SweRV core processor, eller en öppen-källkod Risc-V byggd hårdvara krävs.
Bounouar, Mohamed Amine. "Transistors mono-électroniques double-grille : modélisation, conception & évaluation d'architectures logiques." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6117.
Full textBouchet-Blancou, Géraldine. "Densifier et rénover à l'échelle urbaine par la surélévation ?" Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020STRAG031.
Full textThe thesis examines the potential of roof stacking to meet the expectations of urban densification policies, by studying three European cities : Paris, Geneva and Barcelona. Faced with the challenges of fighting against urban sprawl, thermal renovation of the building stock, social mix, easing of land pressure and enhancing the remarkable as the ordinary architectural heritage, roof stacking has been perceived since the early 2000’s as a proven solution on the building scale and now usable on a larger scale : that of the metropolis. Making a new city above the city would then be the solution to current urban ills. However, implementing a typology so strongly linked to the existing isn’t so simple and the results are sometimes even counter productive
Bounouar, Mohamed Amine. "Transistors mono-electroniques double-grille : Modélisation, conception and évaluation d’architectures logiques." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0068/document.
Full textIn this work, we have presented a physics-based analytical SET model for hybrid SET-CMOS circuit simulations. A realistic SET modeling approach has been used to provide a compact SET model that takes several conduction mechanisms into account and closely matches experimental SET characteristics. The model is implemented in Verilog-A language, and can provide suitable environment to simulate hybrid SET-CMOS architectures. We have presented logic circuit design technique based on double gate metallic SET at room temperature. We have also shown the flexibility that the second gate can bring in order to configure the SET into P-type and N-type. Given that the same device is utilized, the circuit design approach exhibits regularity of the logic gate that simplifies the design process and leads to reduce the increasing process variations. Afterwards, we have addressed a new Boolean logic family based on DG-SET. An evaluation of the performance metrics have been carried out to quantify SET technology at the circuit level and compared to advanced CMOS technology nodes. SET-based static memory was achieved and performances metrics have been discussed. At the architectural level, we have investigated both full DG-SET based arithmetic logic blocks (FA and ALU) and programmable logic circuits to emphasize the low power aspect of the technology. The extra power reduction of SETs based logic gates compared to the CMOS makes this technology much attractive for ultra-low power embedded applications. In this way, architectures based on SETs may offer a new computational paradigm with low power consumption and low voltage operation. We have also addressed a flexible logic design methodology based on DG-SET transmission gates. Unlike conventional design approach, the XOR / XNOR behavior can be efficiently implemented with only 4 transistors. Moreover, this approach allows obtaining reconfigurable XOR / XNOR gates by swapping the cell biasing. Given that the same device is utilized, the structure can be physically implemented and established in a regular manner. Finally, complex logic gates based on DG-SET transmission gates offer an improvement in terms of transistor device count and power consumption compared to standard complementary SETs implementations.Process variations are introduced through our model enabling then a statistical study to better estimate the SET-based circuit performances and robustness. SET features low power but limited operating frequency, i.e. the parasitics linked to the interconnects reduce the circuit operating frequency as the SET Ion current is limited to the nA range. In term of perspectives: i) detailed studying the impact on SET-based logic cells of process variation and random back ground charge ii) considering multi-level computational model and their associate architectures iii) investigating new computation paradigms (neuro-inspired architectures, quantum cellular automata) should be considered for future works
Bounouar, Mohamed Amine. "Transistors mono-electroniques double-grille : Modélisation, conception and évaluation d'architectures logiques." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00967363.
Full textThierry, Clémentine. "Ville et fortifications : de l'héritage à la production du territoire urbain." Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA1034/document.
Full textA large number of french cities host military historical edifices (citadels, barracks, bastions, defensive walls, etc.). Although their initial defensive functions have been lost over time, these edifices remain deeply rooted in the urban fabric of their host cities. They continue exerting an impact on these cities’ urban morphology and modern-time functions as well as the way in which the concept of city is understood. Cities nowadays face some new challenges,the increasing awareness of urban sprawl and its consequences, coupled with an urge to promote a renewed and sustainable urbanism, invites us to adopt new approaches to study urban fortifications. In addition to their symbolic aspect, fortifications are characterized by their out-of-the-common spatial measure (location, volume and geometry),requiring researchers to use methodologies and geographical concepts for their academic endeavour. Against this background : how can urban fortifications be used to create urban space that is spatially, socially and symbolically coherent with their historical heritage and that also satisfies the functional need of modern cities ?The first part of this doctoral dissertation present modern-day challenges that fortified cities face (modernisation,urban expansion and sprawl, etc.), and the ways in which their “heavy buildings” are affected. The second part sheds light on the relationships between cities and their fortifications, thanks to descriptive, empirical and statistical analyses. The statistical study noticeably builds on a database to examine the rationale and rules underpinning there habilitation of ancient military edifices. The last part of the dissertation proposes an evaluation of the potential of rehabilitating ancient military edifices and spaces for modern urban usage. For this purpose the impact of transforming these fortifications into residential blocks is assessed in a fortified French city (Besançon). This assessment aims at evaluating the consequences of such urban planning measures on urban morphology and functions. Overall, the analysis provided in that doctoral dissertation demonstrates that ancient military buildings have their place in contemporary urban planning. They help to achieve a renewed and sustainable urban design in line with the urban morphology,modern social and functional requirements and the development perspectives in their host cities
Lusley, Pauline. "Compréhension des mécanismes directs et indirects de résistance à la pourriture racinaire du pois causée par Aphanomyces euteiches : influence du choix variétal et de la cohorte microbienne associée. Compared analysis of architectural symptoms and disease severity caused by Aphanomyces euteiches between winter and spring peas. Co-existence of Rhizobia and non-rhizobial bacteria in the nodules of Pisum sativum L. depending on cultivars and influencing mycelium growth of Aphanomyces euteiches. The microbial cavalry: how crop could be determinant to beneficially shape soil microbiome in the battlefield against Aphanomyces euteiches." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMR091.
Full textPea, well-adapted to the Normandy pedoclimatic context, represents an important nutritional source of plant proteins. At present, protein crops are among the promoting crops in view of their many agronomical, economic, and environmental interests. Despite their multiple advantages, the cultivation of protein peas is not as successful, mainly due to strong attacks by various phytopathology. The most damaging is pea root rot caused by Aphanomyces euteiches leading to a significant drop in yield and thus can penalize farmers. As there is no effective treatment to date, numerous focus researches are in progress to develop efficient control methods, which requires a holistic understanding of the pathobiome. In this thesis, studies were focused on the understanding of some direct and indirect resistance mechanisms of pea root rot caused by A. euteiches. The contribution of biotic factors in this disease were studied, specifically the influence of varietal genotype and its associated phytobiome, and so the establishment of multiple interactions with microorganisms. The comparative analysis of disease severity and induced architectural modifications, showed a differential expression according to their affiliation to winter or spring group. The two winter pea cultivars characterized by a high cold tolerance presented two features of interest: a delayed impact on aerial part despite significant root damage and an increased growth of root system in response to infection. In addition, the study of intra-nodule bacterial diversity in these same cultivars showed that the diversity of their nodule microbiome varies according to varietal genotype. This study highlighted the strong biocontrol potential of intra-nodule bacterial endophytes, with a higher relative abundance of known antagonistic bacterial genera towards A. euteiches for two winter pea cultivars. The varietal genotype therefore constitutes a direct and indirect lever by the establishment of interactions with beneficial microorganisms, to fight against pea root rot. The last research line has demonstrated the strong influence of plant cultivated species on the microbial associations in the rhizosphere, specifically a modulation of the assemblage of beneficial populations. Shaping the microbial community composition though the cultivation of crops to the benefit of the next crop represents an additional argument in favor of crop rotation use as a lever against phytopathology. Several interesting alternatives were highlighted in this research work to effectively and efficiently manage A. euteiches: at the cultivar scale, by specific characteristics in relation to varieties’ genotype and their ability to select protective endophytes, and at the scale of crop rotation, by shaping microbiome in favor of pea. Great research perspectives are emerging, especially the efficiency of protection resulting from all potential isolated biocontrol agents, which would allow the development and implementation of beneficial consortia adapted to Normandy soils and to pea cultivars specificities
Lacroix, Emma. "Écritures et architectures : (im)matérialité de l'image et de l'espace dans le roman court." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20676.
Full textTeasdale, Mathieu. "La mise en récit de l'espace : le monument, le mémorial et le WTC comme dispositifs rhétoriques." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18702.
Full textThinking space narrative helps circulate in the margins of those of art, literature, politics, film. The rhetorical analysis of space narratives and its storytelling process shows, in three stages, that architectural contribution defines and redefines the possibilities of movement of speech in their opening or closing. First, the transition from modernism to postmodernism, by the analysis of Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, which deconstructs the programmatic narrative of an order allows a new performativity of reality. Secondly, the monumentality of Lower Manhattan, by its verticality, presents its narrative process set as a palimpsest where all traces, ideas, practices, utopias and destruction are legitimizing and criticizing elements in the narratives being written. By passing its representation in literature, in particular, the verticality is then a leakage whose upward movement, then down, shows the incompleteness of the story. Last, the building of the World Trade Center Memorial, re-entered into a unitary discursive model understood as a wide dispositif that reaffirms a return to an order of discourse, a political age memory. This space is one of the pilgrimage, the sacred place which makes his dead speak on behalf of an authority, which withhold the possibility of speech form outside. This reflection intends to present those spaces which are put in narrative.
Georgiev, Salome. "Intermédialité, matérialité du réel et articulation du corps dans l'oeuvre House of leaves de Mark Z. Danielewski." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24186.
Full textIt took Mark Z. Danielewski over ten years to publish the final version of his novel House of Leaves. Ten years of reflection, research, questioning, writing and rewriting. Quickly becoming a bestseller, House of Leaves also caused a sensation in the literary field, arousing together wonder, concern and cogitation. While the novel features a relatively simple story that has been used repeatedly in the literature – the adventure of an American family moving into a nightmarish house with varying proportions – it surprises with regards to both its text formatting and its content. A multiplicity of typographies, an infinite number of footnotes, upside-down texts, blank pages followed by chaotic and illegible sections, coloured or striped words, a plurality of languages, photographs, drawings, models etc. : Danielewski ultimately transcends the rules of literature. A true and unique masterpiece, House of Leaves is an artwork in its own field of literature and stands out for its innovative presentation and extreme originality. In the context of this thesis, I study three main aspects: the architectural structure of the book, the intertextuality and intermediality in the manuscript and the notions of genres and gender. I firstly analyze the external and internal structure of the book and attempt to understand why Danielewski totally deconstructs the basic rules of architecture. Besides, I examine the link between the evolution of the Navidson family’s house and the psychology of the characters. Then, I evaluate the role of the founding myths and the various use of languages within the novel. Why does the author attach so much importance to myths? Secondly, I put into perspective the intertextual and intermedial aspects of the novel. Finally, I try to apprehend which literary genre does the novel belongs to, and I reflect upon the role of gender in the narrative. Is it a novel? A play? A movie script? Is it a poem? Or a combination of genres? Furthermore, how to define gender and why Danielewski, normally so innovative, is traditional in the hierarchical presentation of the masculine and feminine gender in his work?