Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Architecture circulaire'
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1
Traoré, Karim. "Simulation thermomécanique du laminage circulaire : Développement d'une formulation quasi-Eulérienne tridimensionnelle sur une architecture parallèle." Paris, ENMP, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ENMP1294.
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Corvisier, Christian. "Les grosses tours de plan circulaire ou centre en France avant 1200 : étude sur les antécédents de la politique castrale de Philippe Auguste." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010603.
Abstract:
Peu après 1200, Philippe-Auguste, roi de France, ayant achevé la conquête de la majeure partie de l'empire continental des rois d’Angleterre de la dynastie Plantagenet, met en œuvre une politique de construction d'essence étatique et militaire en divers lieux du royaume. Outre des enceintes de ville, les réalisations de cette politique furent des tours maitresses royales de forme circulaire simple et standardisée. Ce choix architectural affirmé destine à exprimer le pouvoir et l'identité du souverain se situe au terme d'une période d'expérimentation des donjons de pierre seigneuriaux et royaux de formes centrées non carrées, qui commence vers la fin du XIe siècle. Ces expériences sont l'objet de la thèse. Face à la forme architecturale "classique" du donjon roman barlong, fixée dès l'an mil et stable durant deux siècle, forme propre à l'hébergement du domicilium et des salles publiques, certains dynastes de l'ile de franque donnent à la tour maitresse en pierre de leur château des formes polygonales et circulaires affirmant une différence de parti que ne suffit pas à justifier la motivation défensive. Les formes de donjon centrées non carrées, diversifiées et complexifiées au XIIe siècle, sont bientôt une alternative adoptée dans la plupart des régions du nord-ouest de la France, sous influence directe des rois capétiens ou des rois d’Angleterre. Parmi ces formes, le "shell-keep" ou donjon annulaire, principalement anglo-normand, est un donjon sans être une tour. Au-delà des grosses tours cantonnées par lesquelles les seigneurs de Montfort et les comtes de Dreux affirment leur identité dynastique, la seconde moitié du XIIe siècle voit émerger la forme cylindrique pure, utilisée à cette même fin par le comte de Blois Thibaud V, grand bâtisseur et probable inspirateur de Philippe-AugusteNot much after 1200, Philippe-Auguste, king of France, having finished the conquest of the greatest part of the continental empire of the kings of England of the dynasty of plantagenet, implements a politic of construction characterized as state and army in different places of the kingdom. Besides some walls of town, the realizations of this politics were main towers in form circular, simple and standardized. This choice architectural and asserted meant to express the power and the king's identity places itself according to the terms of a period of experimentaion of the stone-donjons seigniorial and royal with forms centred no squared, which begins about the end of the 11 h century. These experiences are the subject of the thesis. Facing the architectural form classical ; of the romanesque and barlong donjon, established from the year thousand and stable during two centuries, form particular to the lodging of the domicilium and of the public rooms, some dynasters of the island of France give to the stone master-tower of their castle some polygonal and circular forms maintaining a difference of paty that are not enough for justifying the defensive motivation. The forms of the donjon centered not squared diversified and complicated at the 12th century, are soon an alternative adopted in most northern-western regions of France, under the direct influence of the capetian kings or of the kings of England. Among these forms, the shell-keep ; or annular donjon, especially anglo-norman, is a donjon without to be a tower. On the other side of some keeps confined by which the lords of montfort and the counts of dreux maintain their dynastic identity, the second half of the 12th century sees to rise up the cylindric and pure form, used to the same purpose by the count of Blois Thibaud V, big builder and probable Philippe-Auguste's inspirer
3
Gasnier, Hugo. "Construire en terres d'excavation, un enjeu pour la ville durable." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAH001/document.
Abstract:
La thèse explore les potentiels d’utilisation des terres de déblais comme matériau de construction et examine la pertinence d’une valorisation de cette ressource pour une construction soutenable dans le contexte français actuel avec un focus plus particulier sur la région parisienne. Elle s'articule autour d'une double question qui s’inscrit dans le cadre de la transition écologique des milieux habités : est-t-il pertinent de transformer les terres d’excavation générées par les chantiers des grands centres urbains en ressource pour l’architecture et quels potentiels offrent-elles pour la construction de la ville durable? La croissance des grandes villes entraine chaque année la production de millions de tonnes de terres de déblais qui sont issues des terrassements nécessaires à la construction de nouveaux immeubles ou extraites lors de la création d’infrastructures de transport (tunnels, gares, routes, …). À lui seul, le chantier du Grand Paris Express « devrait peser de 30 à 40 millions de tonnes » de terres d’excavation qui seront principalement acheminées par péniches en dehors de Paris pour être stockées ou enfouies dans des sites adaptés. Ce processus représente un coût financier, énergétique et écologique phénoménal et l’enfouissement d’une ressource pourtant potentiellement utilisable, d’où l’intérêt de s’interroger sur les possibilités d’utilisation de ces terres comme matériau de construction. Au commencement de cette thèse en 2015, peu de recherches et encore moins de pratiques portaient sur ce sujet. Or, dès les premières rencontres, les acteurs ont exprimés leur intérêt pour cette possible valorisation des terres de déblais comme ressource. Il était donc temps, d’une part, de faire le point sur les connaissances scientifiques concernant la matière terre, les pratiques actuelles en architecture de terre et les professionnels spécialistes de la construction en terre. D’autre part, il s’agissait de décrypter le contexte et le système des acteurs des terres d’excavation sur le territoire du Grand Paris. Enfin, la présence d’acteurs motivés sur le Grand Paris a facilité la réflexion prospective sur le potentiel d’utilisation de ces terres en architecture, y compris en ayant la possibilité d’en observer les premiers résultats concretsThis thesis explores the potentials of using excavated earth as a building material and examines the relevance of a valorization of this resource for sustainable buildings in the actual French context with a more particular focus on the Parisian region. It is structured around a double question within the framework of the ecological transition of the inhabited environment: is it relevant to transform the excavated earth of the construction sites of major urban centers into a resource for architecture and which are the potentials for the construction of a sustainable city ?The growth of big cities is generating millions of tons of excavated earth yearly, issued from the necessary earthworks for the construction of new buildings or excavated during the creation of transport infrastructures (tunnels, railway stations, roads,…). On is own, the Grand Paris Express construction site « should generate 30 to 40 millions of tons »[1] of excavated earth that will be principally shipped by barges out of Paris to be stocked or buried in adapted sites. This process has a huge financial, energetical and ecological cost, and a potential usable resource is buried, hence the importance of the question on the possibilities of using this earth as a building material.At the beginning of this thesis in 2015, few researches and even less practices had been done on the subject. But, ever since the first meetings, the actors expressed their interest for the possible valorization of the excavated earth as a resource.On one hand, it was time to make an inventory of the scientific knowledges of the material earth, the current practices in earthen architecture and the professional earthen building specialists. On the other hand, it was necessary to decrypt the context and the system of actors around the excavated earth in the Grand Paris territory. Finally, the presence of motivated actors in the Grand Paris has facilitated the prospective reflection on the potential use of these earths in architecture including having the opportunity to observe the first concrete results
4
Androšević, Renata. "Vers les systèmes constructifs à faible production de déchets : l'enveloppe des bâtiments résidentiels du XXIème siècle en Bosnie-Herzégovine." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Est, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022PESC1005.
Abstract:
Cette recherche est inspirée par des projets visionnaires visant à trouver une manière de créer un environnement construit qui aura un petit impact sur la nature et tous les êtres humains. Cela aidera tous les participants, lors du processus de la prise de décision, à prendre la meilleure option en choisissant le matériel/matériau, la technologie de construction et le système constructif, qui auront le moindre impact négatif sur l'environnement, en tenant compte de toutes les données nécessaires.En analysant les méthodes et les outils existants avec leurs avantages et leurs défauts, les recherches essaient de trouver une manière pour surmonter les obstacles identifiés.Les méthodologies existantes montrent l'importance de la prévision de l'impact sur l'environnement et peuvent montrer les différences entre les systèmes comparés, mais il leur manque la quantification des données.Approche proposée sa base sur une symbiose des méthodologies et des outils existants.La nouvelle méthode inclut l'évaluation du système de construction (y compris la comparaison et la classification) et la quantification de l'impact sur l'environnement. Cela fournit une image claire de l'impact du système choisi et facilite la prise de décision.A la fin du processus, l'on voit clair ce que l'on pourrait et devrait changer et améliorer pour aboutir à un meilleur résultat.Cette nouvelle méthode fourni la comparaison, l'évaluation et la quantification de la production des déchets de construction et contribue à la diminution de l'impact négatif sur l'environnementThis research is inspired by the visionary projects which are trying to find the way to create built environment with low impact on the nature and all living creatures, especially human beings. It will help decision making process for all stakeholders to choose the best option when considering the materials, building technologies and building systems, which will have the lowest negative environmental impact, providing all necessary data.Analysing the existing methods and tools with their barriers and opportunities, the research attempts to find the way to overcome observed obstacles.Existing methodologies point out the importance of environmental impact predictions and they can show the differences between compared systems. Existing tools give precise numerical data of environmental impact.The approach proposed here shows that symbiosis of methodologies and tools can give the result that reaches the goal - to achieve low or no waste building construction.The new method includes building system evaluation (with comparison and ranking) and quantification of environmental impact. This provides a picture of the chosen system's impact and facilitates decision making. At the end of the process, it is evidently clear what could and should be changed and upgraded in order to have better performance and lower impact.This new method provides comparison, evaluation and quantification in terms of generation of the construction waste and contributes in lowering negative environmental impact
5
Friedmann, Léo. "Saving Erskine — An Example in Circular Heritage Architecture." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-277838.
Abstract:
This thesis is the story of two housing projects designed by architect Ralph Erskine. The first building, Lassaskog in Växjö built in 1954, is one of the earliest examples of industrialized concrete housing in Sweden. The other one, Kv. Ortdrivaren in Kiruna was built some eight years later following Erskine’s utopian ideas for The Arctic City. Despite their architectural and historical significance, these two buildings are threatened today: Ortdrivaren will be demolished and Lassaskog will be hastily densified. This thesis is a reaction to these threats, and it is a call for preserving and reusing. Looking towards the near future of circularity, I want to praise for never demolishing a building again. This leads me to the overarching question of my thesis; how could I sustainably save these two buildings? The only solution I thought worthy of their architecture was to unite them. Rather than demolishing Ortdrivaren, I propose to deconstruct it and reuse it in Växjö. Thereon, started the project of densifying the Lassaskog estates with new student housing made of repurposed concrete elements from Kiruna. My objective for this quirky enterprise is to find a methodology for preserving post-war housing estates and for conducting a circular architecture project.
6
Lammert, L. (Laura). "Circular economy in architecture:sustainable principles for future design." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2018. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201811233096.
Abstract:
At present, construction is one of the most destructive, energy consuming and material wasting industries. The current linear system cannot last, and to change anything, we need to redesign the system and our way of thinking. In my thesis, I will explain the theory behind a circular economy and how it could be applied to building, as well as discuss waste issues and material sources. Deconstruction is also a big polluter, and one solution to combat that problem would be to design buildings to be readily disassembled. The aim of this project is to bring awareness about the subject of sustainable design in a modern context and gather this information into one place. Many ideas presented are ones that have been around for as long as people have built buildings, such as material scarcity, resource efficiency and reusing existing materials while reducing waste. Some ecobuilding projects that have successfully implemented these ideas will be presented. In the conclusion, I will present certain concrete ideas and methods for bringing about circular thinking into the built environment. A good starting point would be to decide whether a building needs to be demolished, if so, can the elements be reused or recycled, or if designing a new build with renewable raw materials is the best optionYhteiskunnassamme rakennusalla kulutetaan nykyään eniten energiaa ja haaskataan materiaaleja. Lineaarinen talous ei kestä nykyistä toimintatapaamme ja muutoksia saamme aikaan vain muuttamalla järjestelmää ja ajattelutapojamme. Diplomityössäni käsittelen kiertotalouden teoriaa ja sen hyödyntämistä rakentamisessa, sekä pohdin jäteongelmia sekä materiaalilähteitä. Myös purkutyö on rakentamisessa suuri saastuttaja ja siihen esitän ratkaisuksi rakennusten suunnittelemista purettaviksi. Diplomityöni tavoitteena on lisästä tietoisuutta kestävän suunnittelun aiheesta (nykyhetken viitekehyksessä) ja koota nämä tiedot yhteen. Monissa esittämistäni konsepteissa hyödynnetään olemassa olevia ideoita, kuten materiaalien saatavuutta ja uudelleenkäyttöä sekä jätteenhallintaa, mutta oleellista on kuinka kokonaisvaltaisesti niitä käytämme. Esimerkkiprojektien avulla havainnollistan konseptien sovellutuksia käytännössä. Lopuksi ehdotan käytännön esimerkein miten kestäviä suunnitteluideoita voi käyttää rakennetussa ympäristössä. Rakentamisessa hyvänä lähtökohtana voi pitää, että rakennusten tulisi olla purettavia, kierrätettäviä ja että uusissa rakennuksissa käytettäisiin uusiutuvia raaka-aineita
7
Urma, Ioana Ruxandra 1972. "The 'Circular' Piazza : landscape and history as architectural material : Constanta, Romania." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70337.
Abstract:
Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2001.Includes bibliographical references (p. 193-203).
Ideas. This thesis attempts to demonstrate that architecture, conceived from human experience, is a dual process of thinking and doing, in addition to being a building or a final product, and can occur at any scale of development (as large as an urban space). The thesis tries to create a strong correlation between things that people experience through the senses - real things, visible - and those that they experience through the mind - imaginary things, invisible. Defined as the great composition of existing materials and forms, the site and everything it encompasses, structures both 'natural' and man-made, landscape represents the visible, which deals with the experience of the body (the senses). Defined as that by which meaning and value is attributed to visible things, history, in the form of thought and memory, represents the invisible, which deals with the experience of the mind. To create a full human experience, a true experience, one must acknowledge that full reality is non-linear. The thesis then mandates that single events be approached from a wholistic perspective. The method by which to deal with the complexity of information gathered through this wholistic process is to act according to feeling by feeding the subconscious with analytical information and translating that information into perceptual representation through metaphor and diagram. Ideas into reality. Piazza Ovidiu, the central focus of the old town of Constanta, Romania has been chosen as the site for the experiment, as it is both rich in invisible historical information and, as a disfunctional post-communist public space, it is in great need of rehabitation. Redefining 'piazza' to be a zone of public interaction, rather than a common open space, the thesis thus proposes that the area be divided into a series of sub-spaces, stories interwoven through the land and through time. Being related, these individual events would allow for an experiential understanding of the complexity of the 'whole,' acknowledging the infinite or circular relationship between the visible-landscape-body and the invisible-history-mind.
Ioana Ruxandra Urma.
M.Arch.
8
Gyll, Malin. "Circular thinking in sparkstaden Kiruna : Housing and mobility in a northern climate." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Arkitekthögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-172338.
Abstract:
Industrialism has affected our way of building cities, using the production line as a model for living. Our lives are divided into parts both in time and space, with zones for different activities, kinds of housing, and phases of life. Diseases related to a sedentary lifestyle and stress are increasing and we feel lonelier than ever. Can we think in a more circular way, respect planetary boundaries, and create possibilities for a healthier life for us and our planet? This project aims to explore possible strategies for a more circular way of building our cities.
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Nazarenko, Inna A. "Waste Less District: An Exploration of Architecture's Role in the Waste Stream." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/91450.
Abstract:
The idiom goes, "what is one man's trash is another man's treasure." In our 21st century economy, one man's trash is less commonly another's treasure as often as it is pollution. It is well documented that the majority of human waste ends up in on the side of roads, or in forests and oceans if not in landfills or incinerated. The disposability of items in our consumer culture is now commonplace. We are exacerbating our problems by throwing away single-use and barely-used items again and again without a feasible, realistic, and responsible solution for the end their life cycle. While our habitual buying and scrapping is continually increasing, the industrial buildings that process our waste are pushed to the outskirts of urban centers where they are most needed due to aesthetics, noises, and odors. These suburban and rural locations put an enormous economic and resource strain on cities. Architecture has the opportunity and responsibility to play an important role in remedying these issues related to waste facilities and processes.
Architecture as an art form has largely abandoned these and similar industrial typologies as building design problems. They are mostly undertaken by engineers who design them for economic and process efficiencies. But there are unique challenges to be overcome with creative solutions, what architects do best. As a part of this process, architects can better design facilities so that they can be located within city limits and fight the "not in my backyard" stigmas associated with waste management. Ultimately architects can strive to improve civic life for citizens while also improving the means and methods of city-maintenance issues related to waste.
At this intersection of waste and architecture, this thesis explores how a facility that settles into the dense urban fabric of Washington D.C. can play a role in the city's waste steam in order to benefit the local community and economy.Master of Architecture
The idiom goes, “what is one man’s trash is another man’s treasure.” In our 21st century economy, one man’s trash is less commonly another’s treasure as often as it is pollution. It is well documented that the majority of human waste ends up in on the side of roads, or in forests and oceans if not in landfills or incinerated. The disposability of items in our consumer culture is now commonplace. We are exacerbating our problems by throwing away single-use and barely-used items again and again without a feasible, realistic, and responsible solution for the end their life cycle. While our habitual buying and scrapping is continually increasing, the industrial buildings that process our waste are pushed to the outskirts of urban centers where they are most needed due to aesthetics, noises, and odors. These suburban and rural locations put an enormous economic and resource strain on cities. Architecture has the opportunity and responsibility to play an important role in remedying these issues related to waste facilities and processes. Architects rarely design waste-management buildings and other industrial-use buildings. Usually it is engineers who undertake these buildings. They tend to design them in ways that put cost and process efficiency above everything else. One of the main skill-set architects have is problem-solving through design. Waste-management buildings face a lot of challenges beyond cost and process efficiency so it would make sense for architects to be a part of this process. Architects can better design these facilities so that they can be located within city limits and fight the “not in my backyard” stigmas associated with waste management. Ultimately architects would strive to improve civic life for citizens while also improving the means and methods of city-maintenance issues related to waste. At this intersection of waste and architecture, this thesis explores how a facility that settles into the dense urban enivironment of Washington D.C. can play a role in the city’s waste steam in order to benefit the local community and economy.
10
Fouany, Jamil. "Nouvelles architectures d’antennes à éléments parasites pour la polarisation circulaire : Application à la conception d’une antenne en bande X pour nanosatellite." Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0125/document.
Abstract:
Les investigations présentées dans ce mémoire de doctorat portent sur la synthèse d’antennes à éléments parasites à polarisation circulaire. Une stratégie de conception rapide et efficace est développée et mise en oeuvre pour synthétiser des diagrammes de rayonnement à multiples objectifs. Des éléments parasites peuvent ainsi être associés à d’autres antennes pour en améliorer les performances. Deux antennes ont été imaginées. Un premier démonstrateur d’AEP directive à polarisation circulaire et à bande élargie a été conçu. Ce démonstrateur qui se compose de l’association de 18 dipôles parasites avec une antenne spirale logarithmique a été fabriqué et mesuré. Un second prototype d’AEP a été inventé dans le cadre d’un projet spatiale «Antenne Isoflux Bande-X pour nano-satellite». L’antenne compacte a été développée pour supporter les débits de transmission des futures missions des plateformes Nano-Satellite « Cube-Sat ». Ce prototype associe une antenne patch avec une distribution de 12 dipôles parasites pour réaliser une couverture Isoflux en polarisation circulaire. Cette antenne a été mesurée sur sa plateforme d’accueilThe investigations presented in this thesis propose the synthesis of circularly polarized antennas with parasitic elements. An innovative and effective strategy is developed and implemented to synthesize a multi-objective radiation patterns. Parasitic elements can also be associated with other antennas to improve the performances. Two antennas were suggested. The first one represents a wide band circularly polarized directive antenna with parasitic elements. This demonstrator consists of the combination of 18 parasitic dipoles with a logarithmic spiral antenna; this antenna was manufactured and measured. The second antenna is a part of a space project « Isoflux X-Band antenna for Nano-Satellite». This compact antenna has been developed to support transmission rates for future mission
11
Nunkoo, Abhinav. "Space & event in contested territories: Public assembly through place-making tradition exploring tectonics and materials of the circular economy." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/28020.
Abstract:
Design is an iterative process. This design dissertation explores 'concept-form' by Tschumi (2010, pp. 15-19) who argues it is a generator of new conditions to freely inform or locate activities to generate events. Concept-form reflects a specific moment in a thought process when an architectural strategy becomes the generator for making buildings, Concept-form is about designing conditions rather than conditioning designs. The research by design dissertation report contains sketches, parti diagrams, and artworks as social, contextual and technical constraints are super-imposed as we move across scales towards a concluding architectural intervention addressing Space & Event in the context of contested territories in Cape Town.
12
Dufour, Marie-Dominique. "Les salles capitulaires circulaires et polygonales du XIIe siècle au XVe siècle en Grande Bretagne." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010539.
Abstract:
Ce travail consacré à l'étude de l'architecture et du décor sculpté des salles capitulaires circulaires et polygonales en Grande-Bretagne au Moyen Age a tenté de mettre en évidence la place originale tenue par ces édifices à plan centré construits principalement au XIIIe siècle et au XIVe siècle et leur importance dans l'histoire de l'architecture. La confrontation de la diversité des plans a révélé que le clergé séculier autant que le clergé régulier a voulu se doter de ces édifices de prestige et que l'on ne peut pas attribuer un plan spécifique à un ordre religieux précis. Il n'existe pas non plus de forme particulière à une région. Par contre certains détails de la construction et du décor peuvent être représentatifs du style de la Cour. Des listes dressent l'état des lieux et des tableaux comparatifs mettent en relief des caractéristiques architecturales. Le catalogue de 31 monographies s'attache à présenter les détails de l'architecture et du décor sculpté de chaque salle, illustré par 800 photos de l'auteur. 6 volumes. 1362 pages
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Reindel, Markus, and Johny Isla. "New Paracas Architecture Pattern In Lucanas, Southern Highlands Peru." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/113512.
Abstract:
During our archaeological surveys in the upper reaches of the Palpa valleys, at the western slope of the Andes, we identified and registered a large number of settlements of the Paracas culture, most of them dating to the Middle Paracas(550-350 BC) and Late Paracas (350-200 BC) period. Of special interest are several large sites with stone buildings with circular ground plans, similar to the shape of a flower. The center of these architectural complexes consists of acircular or crescent shaped sunken patio, around which are arranged D-shaped enclosures with small terraces in front of the straight wall.Through our large scale excavations in Cutamalla, one of the largest and best preserved settlements in the area, we were able to document in detail this new type of architecture and to define its formal and constructive features, as well as its cultural affiliation and the activities carried out within the structures.All the data recovered so far indicate that these circular structures have to be considered as a new architectural type of the Late Paracas period. The distribution of this new architectural pattern is limited to a part of the highlands of Lucanas, Ayacucho, and, as far as we know, seems to be unique in the southern highlands of Peru.Trabajos de prospección arqueológica realizados en la parte alta de los valles de Palpa, en la vertiente occidental de los Andes, nos han permitido identificar y registrar un importante número de asentamientos pertenecientes a la culturaParacas, de manera especial, aquellos pertenecientes a las épocas Paracas Medio (550 a 350 a.C.) y Paracas Tardío (350 a 200 a.C.), entre los que destacan varios sitios bastante grandes que presentan construcciones de piedra que conforman estructuras arquitectónicas en forma de flor. Se trata de construcciones en donde se pueden distinguir patios hundidos de forma de media luna o de forma circular, alrededor de los cuales se disponen recintos en forma de «D» que presentan pequeñas terrazas delante del muro recto.Recientes excavaciones en área realizadas en Cutamalla, uno de los asentamientos más grandes y mejor conservados de la zona, nos han permitido documentar con detalle este tipo de estructuras arquitectónicas, y conocer sus rasgos formales y constructivos, su filiación cultural, así como las actividades que se realizaban en ellas.Todos los datos indican que las estructuras arquitectónicas en forma de flor constituyen un nuevo patrón arquitectónico Paracas Tardío, cuya distribución se limita a una parte de la sierra de Lucanas, Ayacucho, y que, hasta el momento, viene a ser único en toda la sierra sur del Perú.
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Herrera, Alexander. "Circular Kancha: Theatres of Social Interaction in the North Highlands of Perú." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/113595.
Abstract:
This paper addresses the active and changing role of circular kancha, public buildings organized around an open central court, common to the northern highlands of Perú. It discusses the distribution and chronology of this type of monument based on regional and local scale investigations in the central Los Conchucos region as well as the Callejón de Huaylas Valley. The focus on their landscape setting and the structure of the internal space, linked to the analysis of pottery samples recovered from excavations at Gotushjirka (San Nicolás district, Carlos Fermín Fitzcarrald province, Ancash Region), revealed that these are spaces built to create a dramatic sense of liminality, closely tied to mortuary practices. The remodelling of circular kancha following an orthogonal plan, detected at two sites in the Cordillera Blanca —Kishwar (Yanama district, Yungay province) and Keushu (Yungay district and province)— raise questions on the interaction of different sociohistorical trajectories at subregional level.Este trabajo aborda el papel activo y cambiante de las kancha de planta circular, estructuras públicas organizadas en torno a un patio abierto y que son comunes en la sierra norcentral del Perú. Se discuten la distribución y cronología de este tipo de monumentos a partir de las investigaciones a escala regional y local en la región de Los Conchucos y la parte media del Callejón de Huaylas. El enfoque en su emplazamiento en el paisaje y la estructura del espacio interno, ligado al análisis de los restos de cerámica hallados en las excavaciones realizadas en el sitio de Gotushjirka (distrito de San Nicolás, provincia de Carlos Fermín Fitzcarrald, región Áncash), revela que se trata de espacios diseñados para crear un impresionante sentido de “liminalidad”, estrechamente vinculado con prácticas mortuorias. La remodelación de kancha circulares según un plano ortogonal, detectada en dos sitios de la Cordillera Blanca —Kishwar (distrito deYanama, provincia de Yungay) y Keushu (distrito y provincia de Yungay)— suscita interrogantes acerca de trayectorias sociohistóricas disímiles a nivel subregional.
15
Seroto, Ngwako. "Exploration of geometrical concepts involved in the traditional circular buildings and their relationship to classroom learning." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1035.
Abstract:
Thesis (M.Ed. (Mathematics)) --University of Limpopo, 2013Traditionally, mathematics has been perceived as objective, abstract, absolute and universal subject that is devoid of social and cultural influences. However, the new perspective has led to the perceptions that mathematics is a human endeavour, and therefore it is culture-bound and context-bound. Mathematics is viewed as a human activity and therefore fallible. This research was set out to explore geometrical concepts involved in the traditional circular buildings in Mopani district of Limpopo Province and relate them to the classroom learning in grade 11 classes. The study was conducted in a very remote place and a sample of two traditional circular houses from Xitsonga and Sepedi cultures was chosen for comparison purposes because of their cultural diversity. The questions that guided my exploration were: • Which geometrical concepts are involved in the design of the traditional circular buildings and mural decorations in Mopani district of the Limpopo Province? • How do the geometrical concepts in the traditional circular buildings relate to the learning of circle geometry in grade 11 class? The data were gathered through my observations and the learners’ observations, my interviews with the builders and with the learners, and the grade 11 learners’ interaction with their parents or builders about the construction and decorations of the traditional circular houses. I used narrative configurations to analyse the collected data. Inductive analysis, discovery and interim analysis in the field were employed during data analysis. From my own analysis and interpretations, I found that there are many geometrical concepts such as circle, diameter, semi-circle, radius, centre of the circle etc. that are involved in the design of the traditional circular buildings. In the construction of these houses, these concepts are involved from the foundation of the building to the roof level. All these geometrical concepts can be used by both educators and learners to enhance the teaching and learning of circle geometry. Further evidence emerged that teaching with meaning and by relating abstract world to the real world makes mathematics more relevant and more useful.
16
Pons, Machado Joaquim. "Caracterització de l’espai de l’hàbitat protohistòric de l’illa de Menorca: les cases de planta circular talaiòtiques." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/399295.
Abstract:
La tesi doctoral consisteix en una anàlisi de les construccions arquitectòniques d’hàbitat presents als poblats de la cultura talaiòtica de l’illa de Menorca. Aquesta cultura es documenta des de finals del 2on mil·lenni aC fins a la conquesta romana (123 aC). El seu desenvolupament està lligat al que serà l’evolució del context mediterrani durant el 1er mil·lenni aC, amb l’expansió comercial i colonial del món fenici, principalment.
Dins la literatura científica de l’arqueologia de Menorca sempre s’ha parlat d’aquests hàbitats com a cercles, donada la seva tendència circular dels murs exteriors. Des de principis del segle XX s’han excavat hàbitats en diferents poblats de Menorca, però els resultats han estat divulgats de forma diferent. Alguns tenen monografies publicades, d’altres articles concrets. Fins i tot, alguns estan pràcticament inèdits.
La planta de les cases és molt uniforme ja que són un tipus d’hàbitat que s’organitza al voltant d’un pati central. Les habitacions es disposen de forma radial i la gran majoria tenen un accés directe a aquest nucli central.
En la tesi s’ha revisat la documentació publicada sobre les excavacions per intentar obtenir el màxim d’informació possible sobre aquests edificis tant a nivell arquitectònic com de material documentat al seu interior. Així, s’ha pogut obtenir una visió de les característiques en que es presenta cada element constructiu i les variants que ofereix cada casa. El resultat ha estat obtenir unes dades generals que es van repetint en tots els casos estudiats, tot i les particularitats que pugui tenir cada un d’ells.
La revisió dels materials ofereix informació sobre la utilització de diferents espais d’un hàbitat. Alguns investigadors que han excavat aquestes estructures han proposat diferents usos pels àmbits, pel que la posada en comú d’aquesta informació permet veure les similituds i divergències entre totes les propostes.
Un altre aspecte analitzat ha estat la privacitat dels espais de la casa talaiòtica. En base als àmbits que és necessari creuar per arribar a les habitacions de la casa, es pot valorar el grau d’intimitat dels seus habitants. Aquest factor es pot veure com ha evolucionat amb el temps i amb els canvis estructurals que s’aniran produint dins les vivendes.
Aquesta evolució en el temps, ha donat peu a poder fer una proposta de tipologia de la casa circular talaiòtica al llarg del temps i de com ha evolucionat. Es passa d’un model de casa molt complex a altres molt més senzills al final del món talaiòtic.
S’ha fet una reconstrucció 3D d’un cercle talaiòtic. El procés que ha portat fins a la realització final del model, ha provocat una sèrie de reflexions prou interessants sobre la construcció i l’estructura d’aquestes cases.
Amb tots aquests punts plantejats, s’ha pogut obtenir una visió global de les cases de planta circular d’època talaiòtica de l’illa de Menorca, que era l’objectiu principal d’aquesta tesi.This doctoral thesis will consist of analysing the architectural constructions used as dwellings that we find in the settlements of Talayotic culture on the island of Menorca. This culture has been documented as existing since the 2nd millennium BC until the Roman Conquest (123 AC). Its development is related to the subsequent evolution of the Mediterranean context throughout the 1st millennium BC thanks mainly to the trading and colonial expansion of the Phoenician culture. Scientific publications on Menorcan archaeology have always referred to these dwelling as circular, given the tendency of their exterior walls to be so. Since the beginning of the 20th century, several dwellings have been excavated in different settlements around Menorca, although the outcomes have been disseminated in different ways. Some have had monographs published, while others some particular related articles, with some even having gone virtually unpublished. The layout of these houses is rather uniform, since they are all of a type of dwelling distributed around a central courtyard. Rooms are laid out in a radial fashion and most of them have direct access to this central area. For this thesis, all documentation published regarding the excavations has been reviewed in order to obtain as much information as possible about these constructions as for their architectural elements, as well as regarding any documented materials regarding objects found in their interior. Hence, a new vision of the general features present in each building has been obtained as well as the versions of each particular house. This has resulted in general data that seems to repeat itself in every studied case, despite the singularities of each in particular. Review of the materials offers information about the use of different spaces in a dwelling. Some researchers who excavated these structures proposed different uses for these areas, and the sharing of this information allows us to find the similarities and the differences among all these proposals. Another matter that has been analysed is the issue of privacy in the Talayotic dwelling. Depending on how many and what spaces had to be crossed to arrive to the dwelling’s sleeping quarters, the level of privacy of their inhabitants can be assessed. It can be observed that this issue evolved over the time and according to the structural changes that were to take place inside the houses. This evolution has helped to present a typological proposal for the Talayotic circular house over time and how it has developed. It has evolved from a very complex house model to a much simpler one by the end of the Talayotic period. A 3D reconstruction of a Talayotic circle has been created. The process that led to the final model has fostered a series of very interesting reflections about the construction and structure of these dwellings. With all these issues on the table, we have obtained a global vision of the houses with a circular layout of the Talayotic period on the island of Menorca, which was the main goal of this thesis.
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Salman, Sara. "Disassembling Slakthusområdet." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-298814.
Abstract:
Looking at the transformation of Slakthusområdet in Stockholm, I aim to discuss and broaden the understanding of site. I aim to highlight the qualities of working with the already built environment when conducting new areas. How can new buildings be made in such a way that we feel like they belong to that specific site? Between notions of the living and the changing, as well as the protected and preserved, a tension arises that is worth investigating. With the aim of bringing life into older objects, constructions and places follows great challenges. How can both change and preservation be considered simultaneously?
18
Dovberg, Ludvig, and Löfgren Tobias. "LERGJORD : Stampad lerjord som ett innovationsmaterial i Skåne." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Institutionen för Urbana Studier (US), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-44670.
Abstract:
Lergjord is a thesis that puts emphasis on the possibility of innovation by using local biobased material in the building industry of Skåne in Sweden. The thesis examines if rammed earth can be used in the implementation of LFM30 (Translated into English: Local Sustainable Goals in Malmö by 2030). By use of qualitative research methods, views on rammed earth as a building technique was explored by three stakeholders. This research has concluded if rammed earth is possible in Skåne as a conventional material in the future. We (Ludvig Dovberg and Tobias Löfgren) have examined the practical aspect of rammed earth on Urban Living Lab in the municipality of Lund by the use of local clay material from excavation for an expansion of a new railway between Malmö and Lund in collaboration with Trafikverket. This thesis concludes that rammed earth is feasible with clay from the excavation masses through project LERGJORD. Also, due to the vast quantity of it the resource might be useful for future rammed earth projects in Skåne. However, the building technique itself has some major drawbacks such as time-consumption and the knowledge gap is easily addressed. Although, there has been a development of a pre-fabrication concept of the building technique in Germany since the late 1990s, that could be a solution to the problem. The thesis also concludes that higher education and research is compulsory to establish a knowledge base for architects to work by. The case study showcased that a standardization of the material is needed to prevent vast material testing before being accepted for construction, like the Lehmbau-praxis in Germany. According to the material’s low impact in CO₂-emission and circularity this resourceful extraction could be of interest by the members of LFM30 to implement in the building industry of Skåne.Lergjord är ett arbete som undersöker möjligheten till innovation genom att utnyttja lokala biobaserade material i Skåne i Sverige. Arbetet undersöker om stampad jordbyggnad kan användas för att genomföra de Lokala Färdplansmålen som Malmö Stad sätter fram till år 2030 (förk. LFM30). Genom kvalitativa forskningsmetoder undersöktes stampad lerjord som byggnadsteknik hos tre intressenter. Studien har sammanfattat möjligheten om hur stampad lerjord i Skåne kan bli ett konventionellt byggmaterial i framtiden. Vi (Ludvig Dovberg och Tobias Löfgren) har utvärderat den praktiska aspekten i stampad lerjord på Urban Living Lab i Lund med användandet av lokal lerjord från utgrävningar av tillbyggnation för järnvägsspår mellan Malmö och Lund i samarbete med Trafikverket. Arbetet visar att stampjordstekniken är möjlig med utvunnen lera från schaktmassorna mellan Lund och Malmö med hänvisning till projekt LERGJORD. Med tanke på den stora kvantitet av lera som finns kan denna utvinning vara användbar för andra projekt i Skåne. Hursomhelst, byggtekniken besitter på utmaningar såsom tidskrav och kunskapsluckan är tämligen lätt att adressera. Trots det, har ett prefabriceringskoncept inom byggtekniken utvecklats sedan slutet på 1990-talet i Tyskland, som kan vara en lösning på problemet. Arbetet tyder också på att högre utbildning och forskning krävs för att etablera en kunskapsbas som arkitekter kan arbeta vidare på. Fallstudien visar på att en standardisering av materialet krävs för att undvika långa och omständliga materialtester innan godkännande för konstruktion, likt Lehmbau-lagstiftningen i Tyskland. Materialets låga klimatpåverkan och cirkularitet gör det relevant för LMF30’s medlemmar att se vidare på alternativet för implementering i den skånska byggindustrin.
19
West, Shaun Eric. "Investigating Early Village Community Formation and Development at Kolomoki (9ER1)." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6602.
Abstract:
In southeastern North America, the Woodland period (ca. 1000 B.C. to A.D. 1050) was arguably witness to the first early village societies, and Kolomoki—located in southwestern Georgia—is among the largest villages during this interval. Though archaeologists recognize these communities as seminal developments in the course of human history, little attention has been paid to how they develop and vary internally. This thesis seeks to address these issues by focusing on the development and social construction of the early village community at Kolomoki. The results of an excavation program carried out within Kolomoki’s South Village affords a clearer picture of this understudied area, and provides supplemental collections to previous work at the site. New radiocarbon dates suggest a dynamic developmental sequence of Kolomoki’s village, starting as a relatively compact village sometime around the second century A.D., and growing to a massive scale around the seventh or eighth century A.D. Comparisons of various classes of material cultural provide evidence for contrasts between occupation along Kolomoki’s northern and southern enclosures, interpreted as differing uses of space by an internally differentiated community.
20
Wilner, Oscar. "Norra Tornen: Making exclusive living inclusive." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-281395.
Abstract:
Today our city cores are being transformed. Not only have they been transformed from a place of production to a place of consumption, but more recently also the city core as a place of work are being challenged by increasing land prices and the desire to live centrally and urban. An urban lifestyle has in some ways become an exclusive benefit for the most wealthy, and the tall residential towers symbolizes this new urban, transnational elite, that wants the qualities of a living city center but prefers to live high up in the sky. Though this elite sometimes never lives there, since they only see the apartments as investments, as a “money deposit”. These buildings increase gentrification and segregation since they push up the housing prices of the city cores and provide no public functions, we get excluding cities rather than including. In my thesis project I speculate how we can prevent our city centers from becoming an excluding and exclusive gated community, and I develop a general redesign strategy for the exclusive residential tower typology. I have searched for a collective rather than individualistic approach, that considers both environmental and social sustainability.
21
Waern, Max. "Beställarens roll för ökat återbruk av byggmaterial : En kvalitativ intervjustudie." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-86278.
Abstract:
Sveriges byggbransch genererar årligen stora mängder avfall som under 2018 uppgick till 13 miljoner ton vilket motsvarar 35 % av Sveriges totala genererade avfall. För att klara de globala hållbarhetsmålen och minska byggbranschens klimatpåverkan behöver resursanvändningen och uttaget av jungfruliga resurser minska. Diskussionen om ett hållbart samhällsbyggande kretsar kring en fossilfri och resurseffektiv värdekedja och kräver en övergång till cirkulära flöden. I byggbranschen är beställaren den huvudsaklige kravställande parten som besitter stor potential till förändring av hela branschen men den egna medvetenheten hos beställare varierar kraftigt beroende på målgrupp, organisationens storlek och ekonomiska förutsättningar. I denna studie har en intervjustudie genomförts för att undersöka beställarens roll för ökat återbruk av byggmaterial vilket lett till insikter om beställarens roll samt de främsta utmaningar för nämnt syfte. Respondenterna i studien har varit yrkesverksamma i byggbranschen med olika grad av professionell erfarenhet av återbruk av byggmaterial, som representerat olika typer av aktörer inom byggbranschen. I forskningen studeras idag möjligheten till återbruk av byggmaterial i innovations- och pilotprojekt för att hitta arbetsmetoder och lösningar för större flöden av återbrukat material och produkter inom byggbranschen. Denna studie har som avsikt haft att fortsatt undersöka återbrukets potential och utmaningar utifrån ett beställarperspektiv på en branschnivå och har resulterat i kunskap om beställarens roll för ökat återbruk av byggmaterial. Studien visar att beställaren besitter en nyckelroll för att driva förändringsarbetet inom branschen. Det framgår att det finns stora skillnader i beställarens medvetenhet över branschen och att de största aktörerna driver framgångsrika projekt med fokuserat återbruksarbete. Samtidigt är mindre beställare, som till antalet utgör stor del av byggbranschens aktörer, långt ifrån att driva återbruk som en del av hållbarhetsfrågan på grund av okunskap och avsaknad av efterfrågan från kunder. Studien presenterar även de främsta utmaningar som branschens beställare står inför för att gå mot större flöden av återbrukat byggmaterial. Dessa utmaningar visar sig vara; kunskapsbrist och erfarenhet, bristen på aktörer som arbetar med återbruk, att nya arbets- och tankesätt måste realiseras, att det befintliga regelverket måste förändras till att gynna återbruk, att stora delar av branschen inte är redo, logistik och lagerhantering samt medvetenheten om ekonomiska förutsättningar. För att vidare studera återbruk inom byggbranschen vore det intressant att studera olika entreprenadformers påverkan på återbruksmöjligheter. En annan intressant tråd att arbeta med vore att ta fram konkreta ekonomiska incitament för minskat avfall och ökat återbruk från höga strategiska nivåer för att på en branschnivå driva förändringsarbetet mot cirkulära flöden. Som vidare undersökning utifrån denna studie vore det av stort värde att genomföra en större kvalitativ studie med statistiska slutsatser som kan bidra med underlag för beslut för beställare och lagstiftning.Sweden's construction sector generates large amounts of waste annually and amounted 2018 to 13 million tonnes of waste, which corresponds to 35 % of Sweden's overall generated waste. In order to meet the global sustainable development goals and reduce the climate impact of the construction sector, the use of resources and the abstraction of virgin resources need to be reduced. The discussion about sustainable construction development revolves around a fossil-free and resource-efficient value chain and requires a transition to circular material and economic flows. In the construction sector, the client is a demanding party who has great potential to push for change over the entire industry, but the self-awareness of the client varies greatly depending on the target group, the size of the organisation and economic conditions of the client’s organisation. In this study, an interview study has been conducted to investigate the client's role in increasing reuse of building materials, which has led to insights into the role of the client as well as the main challenges for the stated purpose. The respondents of the study are professionals in the construction industry with various levels of professional experience in the reuse of construction materials, representing different types of actors in the construction industry. Researchers are currently studying innovation and pilot projects to find new or improved working methods and solutions for greater volumes of recycled materials and products. This study aims to continue to investigate the potential and the arisen challenges of reuse from a client's perspective at an industry level and has resulted in knowledge of the client's role in increased reuse of building materials. The study shows that the client has a key role to play in driving change in the industry. Even though, it appears to be major differences in the client’s awareness across the industry and the largest actors are running successful projects with focused reuse work. At the same time, smaller client’s, who make up a large part in number of the industry's actors, have long ways to go before adopting reuse as part of the sustainability issue due to inexperience and lack of demand from customers. The study also presents the identification of the main challenges for the industry's clients in order to move towards industrial volumes of reused building materials. These challenges are: lack of knowledge and experience, the lack of actors working with reuse, the realisation of new ways of working and thinking, the need to change the existing regulatory framework to promote reuse, a large number of actors are not ready to adopt methods of reuse, logistics and warehousing, and awareness of economic prerequisites. In order to further study reuse in the construction industry, it would be interesting to study the impact of different project delivery methods and its impact on reuse opportunities. Another interesting thread to follow up on would be to develop tangible financial incentives, for reduced waste and increased volumes of reused materials, from high strategic levels in order to drive change towards a circular economy. As a continuation of this study, it would be of great value to conduct a larger quantitative study with statistical deductions that can provide a basis for decisions for clients and legislative advancement.
22
Fuchs, Peter R., Renate Patzschke, Germán Yenque, and Jesús Briceño. "From the Late Archaic to the Early Formative: The Research in Sechín Bajo, Casma Valley." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/113578.
Abstract:
The most recent investigations at the site of Sechín Bajo in the Casma valley resulted in the discovery of a sequence of three buildings dating from the Late Archaic to the Early Formative Periods, evidencing phases that span more than 2000 years (3500-1500 BC). The First Building comprised a simple platform that underwent numerous extensions, each phase of which received a circular sunken plaza. It was subsequently backfilled and sealed with a clay floor before the Second Building was constructed above it, expressing a change, both in its function and the way it was used. The Third Building represents the most monumental phase, demonstrating a pronounced division between a public area and another zone to which access was unmistakably restricted. In its public areas, the building’s surface was extensively decorated with clay reliefs, exhibiting a complex iconography. The abandonment of the structure, between 1500 and 1300 BP, involved either the destruction or walling-up of the flights of steps that granted access to it. On an external wall of the Second Building, c. 130 graffiti were inscribed.Las investigaciones en el sitio arqueológico de Sechín Bajo, valle de Casma, han continuado y se ha registrado una secuencia de tres edificios correspondientes al Arcaico Tardío y Formativo Temprano, lo que representa una historia constructiva de 2000 años (3500 a 1500 a.C.). El Primer Edificio, el más antiguo, está compuesto por una plataforma rectangular que sufrió varias ampliaciones, siempre asociadas a plazas circulares hundidas. El Primer Edificio fue enterrado y sellado para levantar encima el Segundo Edificio, que tiene dos grandes fases constructivas. Posteriormente, se erigió el Tercer Edificio, que corresponde a una estructura de tamaño monumental, con cambios en los conceptos de uso y función, y modificaciones en su construcción. El Tercer Edificio tiene áreas de carácter público, con muros que presentan relieves relacionados con un corpus iconográfico bastante complejo, entre cuyos diseños sobresale el personaje denominado El Degollador, mientras que en los espacios privados los muros tienen hornacinas y los ingresos son restringidos. El decaimiento de Sechín Bajo, durante el Formativo Temprano, se puede reconocer en una pared exterior del Segundo Edificio —decorada con 130 grafitis realizados con una técnica muy simple—, en la destrucción de las escaleras principales y el sello de los accesos. Con estos nuevos datos, se pueden evaluar mejor las características de la arquitectura monumental-ceremonial en el valle de Casma desde el Arcaico Tardío al Formativo Temprano.
23
Lelarge, Astrid. "La diffusion des projets de voies de circulation concentriques. Les multiples versions d'une forme urbaine générique à Bruxelles, Genève et Reykjavík (1781-1935)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/238207.
Abstract:
C’est une étude d’histoire de l’urbanisme, une recherche qui appréhende la manière dont se constitue le paysage urbain par le biais de l’implantation d’une forme urbaine. Il s’agit d’une analyse historique qui vise à comprendre pourquoi et comment une forme s’est imposée dans différentes villes et à la définir par l’étude des différents projets qui y ont été élaborés sur une longue période. Cette forme est la voie de circulation concentrique. C’est une voie de communication ayant pour caractère principal de contourner un territoire donné et de le former. Qualifiée de « boulevard » en français et de « route annulaire » dans les langues germaniques (« ring road » en anglais, « ringstrasse » en allemand, « hringbraut » en islandais), c'est une forme mal connue qui s'est déployée dans de nombreuses villes européennes durant l'époque contemporaine et qui continue fréquemment d'être aménagée. L'étude retrace l'histoire de la diffusion et de l'implantation de cette forme urbaine depuis la fin du XVIIIe siècle jusqu'à la première moitié du XXe siècle par le biais des projets élaborés par les architectes et les ingénieurs pour Bruxelles, Genève et Reykjavík. Et la thèse exposée est la suivante :la voie de circulation concentrique est une forme urbaine générique à la diffusion grandissante qui se décline en une multitude de versions à l’époque contemporaine. En d’autres termes, il n’y a pas un boulevard circulaire ou une ring road mais des boulevards circulaires ou des ring roads aux origines diverses, aux morphologies et aux typologies variées, aux fonctions multiples et parfois contradictoires car conçues pour servir des objectifs parfois opposés. Des voies de circulation concentriques ayant pour point commun d’adopter les principes élémentaires de la forme (contourner et former) hérités des circulations concentriques envisagées en lien avec les fortifications urbaines, des circulations déjà auparavant préconisées par la théorie de l’aménagement pour des raisons défensives.Doctorat en Histoire, histoire de l'art et archéologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
24
Muszynski, Bartosz. "Structure Function Studies of Rotavirus NSP5." Doctoral thesis, Scuola Normale Superiore, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11384/85974.
Abstract:
Rotaviruses, causative agents of gastroenteritis in young animals and humans, are
large icosahedral viruses with a complex architecture. The double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)
genome composed of 11 segments, that codes for 6 structural and 6 non-structural proteins, is
enclosed within three concentric capsid layers.
NSP5, a non structural protein, is encoded by segment 11. It is produced early in
infection and localizes in ‘viroplasms’, cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in which viral RNA
replication and packaging take place. NSP5 is essential for the replicative cycle of the virus
since, in its absence, viroplasms are not formed and viral RNA replication and transcription
do not occur.
NSP5 is known to undergo two different types of posttranslational modifications, a
cytoplasmic O-glycosylation and phosphorylation, which lead to the formation of proteins
differing in electrophoretic mobility. Although the hyperphosphorylation process of NSP5
seems to be very complex, its role in the replicative cycle of rotavirus is unknown.
We demonstrated that NSP5 operates as an auto-regulator of its own phosphorylation
as a consequence of two distinct activities of the protein: substrate and activator. In the first
part of the thesis we have shown, that phosphorylation of Ser-67 within the SDSAS motif
(amino acids 63-67) was required to trigger hyperphosphorylation by promoting the activation
function. The evidence coming from iv vitro experiments, including kinase assay with
recombinant casein kinase 1α from zebrafish, proved that this enzyme is responsible for a key
phosphorylation step that initiates the whole hyperphosphorylation cascade of NSP5.
In the second part of the dissertation, using MALDI TOF/TOF spectroscopy, we added
new data to the information about the posttranslational modifications of NSP5. We confirmed
that the region of the protein encompassing Ser-67 is phosphorylated in vivo. Additionally we
managed to map which parts of NSP5 sequence carries N-acetyloglucosamine and which
regions bear phosphorylated serines or threonines.
There is no evidence about structure of NSP5 so far. In the last chapter we focused on
investigating the structural organization of this crucial viral protein. To achieve this, in
addition to the full length protein, one point mutation and two different truncation mutants
were constructed, expressed, purified and refolded. The secondary structure of the different
proteins was analyzed by circular dichroism spectroscopy and general information about
protein conformation was provided. Our findings, together with an analysis of NSP5 sequence
indicate that NSP5 can be an intrinsically unfolded/disordered protein.
25
Wang, Wei-Kang, and 王維康. "Missions for Circular Architecture." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/f38byc.
Abstract:
碩士國立交通大學
建築研究所
106
Architecture theories keep changing as time goes by, from the ''object oriented'' which attempts to break free from traditional forms and pursue modernism at early twentieth century, to the ''human oriented'' which turns out to social-care, publicity seeking and life liberation in the middle of 20 century. The great amount of wear and tear causes great structural damage on earth in 21 century. The process of construction and operation of architecture consume numerous energy, producing many damaging materials which is one of the factor that destroy the earth. Architecture should response actively to the circulation of earth, taking action to the mission of '' earth oriented '' which is the foundation where architecture stand. Circular is the ''value'', and mission is the ''system''. Architecture attempt to expand from the design part of the single sector, character of single work to the whole system services, transforming from the original ''Take '', ''Make'', ''Waste'' of the linear system to the ''Borrow'', ''Reshape'', ''Back to the future'' of the circular system. Through comprehensive thinking and design, connecting architecture and earth closely and harmoniously, embodying the completely life cycle of architecture and making reuse of tangible and intangible material effectively, even toward the transcendence. The chapter 2,3,4 are the framework of the three core concept: ''material'', technology'' and ''time''. The contents give a response to how we get and use the material, how we design, build, operate, disassemble and reuse, how a architecture carry, freeze, transport the time, by 6 different dimensions and scales own projects. The projects make an attempt to find out a way to get along with both architecture and earth modestly between thoughts and techniques. There're 3 goals summarized to the circular architecture at the end ,''Architecture with Dynamic Life'', ''Architecture liberate from Land'', ''Architecture extent from unit to the whole'', as the inception of pursuing a deeper solution in the future.
26
Shi, Ling. "Architectural Surfaces and Structures from Circular Arcs." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10754/310902.
Abstract:
In recent decades, the popularity of freeform shapes in contemporary architecture poses new challenges to digital design. One of them is the process of rationalization, i.e. to make freeform skins or structures affordable to manufacture, which draws the most attention from geometry researchers. In this thesis, we aim to realize this process with simple geometric primitives, circular arcs. We investigate architectural surfaces and structures consisting of circular arcs. Our focus is lying on how to employ them nicely and repetitively in architectural design, in order to decrease the cost in manufacturing.
Firstly, we study Darboux cyclides, which are algebraic surfaces of order ≤ 4. We provide a computational tool to identify all families of circles on a given cyclide based on the spherical model of M ̈obius geometry. Practical ways to design cyclide patches that pass through certain inputs are presented. In particular, certain triples of circle families on Darboux cyclides may be suitably arranged as 3-webs. We provide a complete classification of all possible 3-webs of circles on Darboux cyclides.
We then investigate the circular arc snakes, which are smooth sequences of circu- lar arcs. We evolve the snakes such that their curvature, as a function of arc length, remains unchanged. The evolution of snakes is utilized to approximate given surfaces by circular arcs or to generated freeform shapes, and it is realized by a 2-step pro- cess. More interestingly, certain 6-arc snake with boundary constraints can produce a smooth self motion, which can be employed to build flexible structures.
Another challenging topic is approximating smooth freeform skins with simple panels. We contribute to this problem area by approximating a negatively-curved
5
surface with a smooth union of rational bilinear patches. We provide a proof for
vertex consistency of hyperbolic nets using the CAGD approach of the rational B ́ezier form. Moreover, we use Darboux transformations for the generation of smooth sur- faces composed of Darboux cyclide patches. In this way we not only eliminate the restriction to surfaces with negative Gaussian curvature, but, also obtain surfaces consisting of circular arcs.
27
Chuan-fong, Wu, and 吳權峰. "A Proposed Architecture for Circulate Use of XML-based Patent Data." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/77444766858628808638.
Abstract:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
機械工程系
91
A Patent for an enterprise is the grant of a property right to the company. The right conferred by the patent grant is the right to exclude others from making, using, offering for sale, or selling . Unfortunately ,Patent structure is complex to research for IT people, the emergence of XML(eXtensible Markup Lamguage ) and Patent data is a good start for storage or search. Our research propose an effective XML-base of patent circulate mechanism demonstrating the patent data circulate use between document- based database and expert or user. This research discusses how to transfer patent raw data structure from USPTO (United Status Patent and Trademark Office) into database, process and display XML document. At the same time, exchange expert or user suggestions in each XML document. UML(Unified Modeling Language) notation and UML profile are used to model XML application to process patent raw data of xml style and patent process system. A patent web-based system is taken for example to illustrate the application system use patent XML document. The system supports display XML data and suggestions of experts to exchange each new idea for patent content. Moreover, providing TRIZ principle to help experts to each patent’s simple suggestions .
28
Chan, Chu-Huai, and 詹祖懷. "A Fast and Efficient Architecture for Circular Hough Transform on FPGAs." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/46409814088495122443.
Abstract:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
電子工程系
93
The Hough Transform (Hough, 1962) has been used to characterize analytic features. It was first applied to the recognition of straight lines, and later extended to circles, ellipses and arbitrary shaped objects. Its main disadvantage is the computational and storage requirements increase as a power of the dimensionality of the curve. Many researchers have devoted themselves to the modifications of HT to detect circles and ellipses more efficiently, therefore. It is not difficult to implement Circular Hough Transform (CHT) algorithm on modern personal computer. However, we intend to use FPGA or ASIC to perform CHT in this article. Modern FPGAs are capable of performing high speed operation and have large amount of embedded memory. The whole CHT circuitry with accumulator array excluded can be fitted into Altera® Stratix® 1S25 chip which has more than 1Mb RAM embedded
29
D'Ostuni, Michele. "TOWARDS A PRODUCTIVE ARCHITECTURE High-tech food production technologies integrated in Architecture for the implementation of new circular Urban Agriculture models." Doctoral thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1246524.
Abstract:
Urban Agriculture has seen a growing interest in recent years and planners, engineers, and
architects joined agronomists in proposing farming projects within the cities’ boundaries. The
reason for the recent success of UA is not only to be found in its ability to increase global food
production but also in its possibility to implement targeted circular flows of resources in urban
areas, offering new opportunities for sustainable city development. Indeed, due to climate
changes, population growth and the already high urbanization, resources like energy and water
are becoming scarcer and scarcer, as their cost keeps rising up. In this sense, promoting UA upcycling
projects in urban areas might be fundamental to recover these finite resources while
fostering a new typology of green architecture. Furthermore, today more than ever, shifting
towards new circular and sustainable food systems is crucial as industrial agriculture is the most
resource-consuming human activity on this planet, with 70% of freshwater usage, 50% of global
habitable land usage, and 26% of global greenhouse emissions. In this regard, modern off-soil
agro technologies represent a big opportunity to bring part of the agricultural production right
within the cities’ boundaries, reducing soil, water, and energy consumption, creating metabolic
flows of resources between the urban built environment and the food production systems. In this
scenario, food production should be considered a full-fledged new paradigm of green urban
planning.
Starting from these considerations, the aim of this research is to answer the question of how we
can re-use residential buildings’ waste streams as a resource for urban food production,
specifically focusing on water and nutrients recovery from domestic wastewater. As a result, this
thesis wants to propose green building design strategies that will facilitate the construction of a
metabolic architecture through the integration of off-soil hydroponic systems as final domestic
wastewater treatment.
30
Gonçalves, Marcelino Pereira. "Construções elementares de planta circular da Serra do Caldeirão : refúgios de turismo cultural e de natureza." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10437/9235.
Abstract:
Orientação: Ana María Moya Pellitero ; co-orientação: Clara Germana Ramalho Moutinho GonçalvesA presente dissertação de Mestrado desenvolve-se no objectivo de estudar as construções elementares de planta circular existentes na Serra do Caldeirão, no intuito de explorar um conceito base para desenvolver um projecto de arquitectura contemporânea vernacular. E contribuir com ideias programáticas para ajudar no desenvolvimento cultural e económico de um território desfavorecido existente no Algarve. Estas construções de planta circular são elementos arquitectónicos singulares na paisagem da Serra do Caldeirão, para as quais existe interesse na divulgação, na reabilitação, na protecção, e na preservação, pois remontam aos princípios base da construção, revelam parte das origens da nossa arquitectura vernacular e são fragmentos valiosíssimos do nosso património histórico rural, testemunhos e herança do nosso passado em vias de desaparecimento. É surpreendente a forma como integram o local e a paisagem envolvente, como são ecologicamente sustentáveis na construção e durante a sua existência, recorrendo sempre a materiais naturais e locais. Notavelmente satisfazendo a utilização para que são concebidas e aferindo, no caso das que podem constituir abrigo humano, um conforto térmico interior único sem recorrer a tecnologias e materiais mais recentes. Neste âmbito e para um estudo completo conjugou-se o trabalho de pesquisa bibliográfica com um inédito e exaustivo levantamento no território, que analisa e pesquisa os exemplares originais existentes. Em sistemática interacção com as populações locais, no intuído de absorver a herança e o conhecimento de pessoas ainda capazes de construir, restaurar e conservar este tipo de edificações, bem como recolher informação sobre antecedentes históricos relevantes. A dissertação estrutura-se em duas partes. A primeira parte de investigação e análise contextual, incide na teoria da arquitectura, com uma breve investigação sobre o mito da “cabana primitiva” e os protótipos da arquitectura, mais concretamente no modelo puro do tholos e sua evolução no tempo. Direccionando-se depois para o estudo do território seleccionado, a Serra do Caldeirão e naturalmente ao pormenor as construções elementares de planta circular, que são classificadas em quatro tipos. Consoante os materiais aplicados na sua construção: as edificações erigidas inteiramente em pedra, em materiais vegetais, num conceito híbrido utilizando as duas técnicas anteriores e finalmente as edificações em pedra e cobertura em telha artesanal. Como trabalho conclusivo desta primeira parte, apresenta-se a catalogação do levantamento e investigação de campo. Na segunda parte, implementa-se o conhecimento arquitectónico destas construções de planta circular, num conjunto edificado de nova planta na aldeia do Barranco do Velho. Inicia-se o trabalho com uma breve análise sobre a localidade onde se integra o projecto, seguindo à apresentação do programa e do conceito para desenvolvimento de um empreendimento de turismo em espaço rural, mais concretamente na inovadora tipologia de refúgios de turismo cultural e de natureza. Finalizando com apresentação da proposta de requalificação da paisagem e arquitectónica.
The present dissertation unfolds with the aims to study the basic constructions of circular plan, as it exists in the 'Serra do Caldeirão', in an effort to explore the fundamental concept in order to develop a project of contemporary and vernacular architecture; and to contribute with programmatic ideas to enable the cultural and economic development of a depressed area of the Algarve. These constructions of circular plan are exceptional architectonic elements in the landscape of the 'Serra do Caldeirão'. There is an interest in the marketing, the rehabilitation, the protection and the preservation of this mentioned area, as these elements date back to the basic origins of construction and architecture. They reveal, in part, the origins of our native architecture and they are extremely valuable fragments of our rustic history; evidence and legacy of our past, in danger of extinction. It is surprising the way in which they integrate in the area and the compelling landscape, and how they are ecologically sustainable in their construction and durability, always using natural and local materials. They remarkably fulfil the application for which they were created, in the case of those which constitute human shelters, provide unique and comfortable warm interior without turning to more recent technologies and materials. To this extent and for a more complete study, the task of bibliographic research is combined with an inedited and exhaustive survey of the region, in order to analyze and investigate the existing original constructions. There is a systematic interaction with the local population, with the aim of absorbing the heritage and the knowledge of individuals still capable of building, restoring and conserving these types of construction, as well as gathering information about relevant historical records. This dissertation is structured in two parts. The first part consists of research and contextual analysis, relating to the theory of architecture, with a brief study of the myth of the 'primitive hut' and the prototypes of architecture, more precisely, in the pure example of the tholos and its histórica evolution. Later it leads to the study of the selected area of the 'Serra do Caldeirão' and, in greater detail, the elementary circular plan constructions, which are classified in four types, depending on the materials used in their construction: buildings completely made of stone; vegetable matter; a hybrid concept using both of these techniques; and finally, the constructions in stone with craft tiles on the roof. This first part concludes with a catalogue of the research and field work. The second part comprises the architectural cognition of these circular building plans, in an ensemble made out of new plans in the village of 'Barranco do Velho'. The task begins with a brief analysis of the area where the project takes place, followed by the presentation of the programme and the concept for the development of a rural tourism enterprise. In other words, the innovative typology of nature and cultural tourism refuges. It concludes with the presentation of the proposal of architectonic reassesment of the landscape.
31
"Beyond Recycling: Design for Disassembly, Reuse, and Circular Economy in the Built Environment." Doctoral diss., 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.50567.
Abstract:
abstract: Today, we use resources faster than they can be replaced. Construction consumes more resources than any other industry and has one of the largest waste streams. Resource consumption and waste generation are expected to grow as the global population increases. The circular economy (CE) is based on the concept of a closed-loop cycle (CLC) and proposes a solution that, in theory, can eliminate the environmental impacts caused by construction and demolition (C&D) waste and increase the efficiency of resources’ use. In a CLC, building materials are reused, remanufactured, recycled, and reintegrated into other buildings (or into other sectors) without creating any waste.
Designing out waste is the core principle of the CE. Design for disassembly or design for deconstruction (DfD) is the practice of planning the future deconstruction of a building and the reuse of its materials. Concepts like DfD, CE, and product-service systems (PSS) can work together to promote CLC in the built environment. PSS are business models based on stewardship instead of ownership. CE combines DfD, PSS, materials’ durability, and materials’ reuse in multiple life cycles to promote a low-carbon, regenerative economy. CE prioritizes reuse over recycling. Dealing with resource scarcity demands us to think beyond the incremental changes from recycling waste; it demands an urgent, systemic, and radical change in the way we design, build, and procure construction materials.
This dissertation aims to answer three research questions: 1) How can researchers estimate the environmental benefits of reusing building components, 2) What variables are susceptible to affect the environmental impact assessment of reuse, and 3) What are the barriers and opportunities for DfD and materials’ reuse in the current design practice in the United States.
The first part of this study investigated how different life cycle assessment (LCA) methods (i.e., hybrid LCA and process-based LCA), assumptions (e.g., reuse rates, transportation distances, number of reuses), and LCA timelines can affect the results of a closed-loop LCA. The second part of this study built on interviews with architects in the United States to understand why DfD is not part of the current design practice in the country.Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Civil, Environmental and Sustainable Engineering 2018
32
"Role of Circular Economy in the Indigenous Built Environment: An Assessment of Design and Construction Potential of Circular Building Materials in an American Indian Community." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.62839.
Abstract:
abstract: This thesis intends to help inform American Indian nations’ decision making related to housing. The study recognizes the urgent need for housing solutions that fit the needs of a community as well as benefit the overall ecosystem. One model that can offer guidance is the Circular Economy (CE) model. A well-thought-out CE process can provide housing solutions that are economically, socially, and environmentally sustainable. It also stimulates the local economy by strategically introducing positive changes. This research identifies the construction potential of available circular materials as compared to more contemporary building materials. It then recommends a closed-loop circular model that utilizes the community’s existing infrastructure to develop affordable housing. The proposed CE model operates within the built environment, stimulating local employment while catering to the needs of the residents. Such an approach can prove to be beneficial for the local community and perhaps scalable to the global economy.Dissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Construction Management 2020
33
Ngema, Vusabantu. "Circular orientation in performance: a study of the cycle of living and its application in the cultural expression like dance." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/213.
Abstract:
Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree
Of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
In the
Department of IsiZulu Namagugu
At the
University of Zululand, 2009.This study focuses on the circular orientation in performances by Abathwa and Abantu speaking people of central and southern Africa. This notion is explored through close examination of space, movements, time and objects used during ritual and recreational performances. The study is informed by the meaning contained in symbolism rooted in Africans’ perception of culture, religion, language, cosmos, science and artistic aesthetics. The first chapter is the general introduction to the study covering aspects such as statement of the problem and hypothesis, rationale, methodology and literature review. It also attempts to give an in depth explanation of the African conception of the circle, the centre and the cycle. It explains how these three concepts are applied in social structure, architecture and ritual performances. The chapter also explains the African cyclical perception of time and life. The second chapter looks at the historical perspective of dance performances by indigenous peoples of southern Africa. The histories and the cultural backgrounds of the Khoisan and the Bantu speaking people, form the bases for the interpretation and understanding of dance performances during rituals, recreation and children games. The third chapter investigates the thematic approach towards the interpretation of dance performances by the Bantu and the Khoisan speaking people of Africa. The emphasis is on the theme of gender and sexuality since it is the theme that plays a central role in most of the ritualistic performances among the Africans. While the emphasis on relationship between genders in the performances, the attention is also paid towards the metaphoric, symbolic and paradoxical representations of African world view through the juxtaposition of gender and sexuality during performances. The fourth chapter examines the use of elements of dance performances in relation to themes of fertility (human and soil) and curing. These themes are discussed because they are the themes that apply to all the people being studied where as themes such as animal (hunting) and acrobatic (masks) can only apply to certain peoples not to the other for one reason or the other. The fifth chapter deals with the aesthetic principles as they apply to African dance forms and performances. It focuses on the application of the elements of space and symbolism contained in other elements of performance such as timing, costume, crafts and objects. The sixth chapter is an investigation of the circular orientation in modern performances and children games. It also examines the continuation of the circular orientation in religious worship-performances. The seventh/the last chapter is about the findings, recommendations and the general conclusion of the study.
34
Parece, Sara Margarida Cabral. "De resíduo a elemento arquitetónico: construção a partir de resíduos industriais e urbanos." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/21847.
Abstract:
O sistema económico atual baseia-se no consumo e no uso de recursos naturais através da
abordagem Linear: take, make, and waste. Este modelo, que contribuiu durante décadas para o
crescimento da economia, não equaciona os limites do nosso planeta e revela atualmente os efeitos
colaterais no ambiente e nas comunidades, devido à excessiva acumulação de resíduos e à enorme
pressão sobre os recursos do planeta.
Como alternativa, a Economia Circular é uma abordagem inspirada nos sistemas naturais,
que desvincula o crescimento económico da extração de novas matérias-primas e propõe que os
materiais circulem em Loops contínuos, onde o valor intrínseco dos recursos é mantido e aprimorado,
e o conceito de resíduo é eliminado.
Esta dissertação foca-se na exploração de estratégias de construção para uma economia
circular. Neste contexto, apresenta soluções construtivas inovadoras centradas na otimização dos
resíduos, atribuindo-lhes um novo valor funcional, estético e arquitetónico.
Conclui-se que a reutilização e a reciclagem Upcycling de subprodutos industriais e resíduos
pós-consumo são estratégias viáveis e promissoras que se tornarão mais dinâmicas na cidade de
Lisboa, apesar da ausência de uma estrutura logística e de um mercado adequado.
As soluções construtivas foram funcional e esteticamente integradas na Escola de
Sustentabilidade, revelando pistas no que se pode vir a tornar a Arquitetura e a Construção num
futuro próximo.The current economic system is based on the consumption and use of natural resources through the Linear approach: take, make, and waste. This model that has contributed for decades to the growth of the economy now reveals the side effects on the environment and communities. The growing concern about climate change and the recognition of the limits of our planet earth led society to look for alternatives that promote the balance between the natural and the built environment. Circular Economy appears as an alternative to the linear economic model, with an approach inspired by natural metabolisms. It decouples economic growth from the extraction of new raw materials and proposes that components and materials circulate in continuous loops, where the intrinsic value of resources is maintained and improved, and the concept of waste is eliminated. This dissertation focuses on exploring strategies for the circular economy in the built environment and innovative constructive solutions that aim to find use, value, and inspiration in what until then was considered a waste. By-products from industries and post-consumer waste are widely available resources and through Upcycling reuse and recycling, it is possible to assign them a new functional, aesthetic, and architectural value. The Final Design of Architecture had as the main premise to conceive a Circular Building that was guided by circular design strategies and that delivered functionally and aesthetically new construction solutions with waste resources.
35
Costa, Sara João Araújo Dias. "Centro transdisciplinar: O repensar do curso evolutivo da sociedade." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/21805.
Abstract:
Define-se Arquitectura Regenerativa e Sustentável como um novo encarar de estrutura,
espaço, mentalidades.
Estas premissas alicerçam-se à Arquitectura por uma urgência de consciencialização da
escassez de recursos naturais, de ecossistemas que foram danificados ou mesmo destruídos,
pelo aquecimento global.
A utopia de um mundo infinito e de uma sociedade com mentalidade linear são alguns dos
incentivos para a exploração deste Tema de Tese - Arquitectura, Sociedade e Economia
Circular -
Falar de Arquitectura; Sociedade; Economia Circular, separadamente, com um princípio de
entendimento destas três áreas individuais e relevantes nos seus campos de acção científicos
mais particulares, faz com que seja relevante iniciar-se este plano com uma explicação
individual das mesmas com o intuito de, posteriormente, se conseguir retirar um entendimento
e enraizamento que as une e as faça trabalhar e agir em simultâneo.
Numa leitura integral do espaço urbano, num conciliar de malhas existentes e num
reaproveitamento dos espaços descaracterizados, estabeleceu-se um Master Plan que encara a
Arquitectura para além do objecto construído. A harmonia territorial e a caracterização de
espaço urbano - público; semi público e privado - são as implementações primordiais ao invés
do pensamento de implantação do edificado.Regenerative and Sustainable Architecture is defined as a new charge of structure, space, mentalities. These premises are approved in architecture due to an urgent need to raise awareness of natural resources, of ecosystems that have been damaged or destroyed by global warming. A utopia of an infinite world and a society with a linear mentality are some of the incentives for exploring this Theme - Architecture, Society and Circular Economy - Talk about Architecture; Society; Circular Economy, allowed, with a principle of understanding of these three areas and relevant in their more particular fields of a cientifical action, with what is relevant to start a plan with an individual explanation of the same in order to, later, to obtain an understanding and rooting that as one and how to work and act simultaneously. In a comprehensive reading of the urban space, a number of existing meshes and a reuse of uncharacterized spaces, a Master Plan was established that creates an architecture beyond the built environment. Territorial harmony and the characterization of the urban - public space; semi-public and private - they are like primordial implementations when using the building implantation thinking.
36
(11176893), Toy W. Andrews. "Opportunities from Disaster: The Case for Using The Circular Economy in Debris Management." Thesis, 2021.
Abstract:
Following a grounded theory research model, the research uncovered and presented the state of debris recycling to a national association of demolition contractors to measure their willingness and attitudes towards the growing trend in the circular economy and adapting their business models to incorporate it into their own contracts. The first part was finding the deficiencies in the current model based on government reports and through interviews with county-level emergency managers. Second, successful businesses that already use the circular economy design in their operations were used as exemplars to emulate and their opinions and suggestions were discussed. The outputs of the emergency managers and the successful businesses was folded into the third phase of the research with surveys to the membership of the National Demolition Association (NDA) with multiple-choice, scalar questions and open-ended, opinion-heavy questions throughout. The findings were reported back to the head of the partnering organization, the NDA, to focus outreach, training, and policy advocacy concentration for the national organization as a whole, but to related and tangentially-connected industries to their own.
37
Fonseca, Joana Raquel Libório. "Habitar, viver e prosperar: Aplicação da metodologia do Doughnut Economics à escala de edifício." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/24387.
Abstract:
O século XXI está marcado pelo desafio de erradicar a pobreza e a
aspiração de viver uma vida próspera dentro dos limites dos recursos naturais
do planeta.
Se durante séculos o modelo económico existente take, make, and
waste foi um êxito no crescimento da economia, hoje é necessário repensar
este sistema que está baseado no consumo e no uso dos recursos naturais.
De outra parte, existe um paradoxo das classes mais abastadas estarem a
prosperar, mas a pobreza mundial continuar em crescimento. Isto reflete
uma gestão prejudicial, não apenas para os recursos do planeta, mas
também para as classes mais desfavorecidas..
Para mitigar a problemática social e ecológica, foi desenvolvido um
modelo económico sustentável: Doughnut Economics (DE) em 2012 por
Kate Raworth, que relaciona os limites planetários e as bases sociais, as quais
definem os limites mínimos de bem-estar para um ser humano. O DE reflete
o objetivo da humanidade estar dentro do espaço justo e seguro (o donut).
Através desse modelo económico foi criada uma metodologia de aplicação
na cidade e que tem como objetivo criar soluções sustentáveis, ecológicas
e sociais para as cidades existentes. Esta metodologia teve a sua primeira
aplicação em Amesterdão no ano de 2020 e encontra-se neste momento
em avaliação de resultados.
Este ensaio explora a possibilidade da redução de escala da aplicação
do Doughnut Economics à escala de cidade, para uma escala de edifício,
passando também pela escala do intermédia do empreendimento.
Este projeto de arquitetura foi elaborado através da análise e compreensão
do modelo do DE e da metodologia, através de um guia “Criando Retrato
de cidade” disponibilizado pela organização Thriving Cities. Este guia
surgiu após aplicação do DE em Amesterdão. Assim como, também foram
investigadas as condições existentes no concelho de Mafra, onde será
implantado o empreendimento desenvolvido através da metodologia.
Conclui-se que a aplicação da metodologia Retrato de Cidade do
Dougnhut Economics a uma escala mais reduzida, do empreendimento e
do edifício, é uma estratégia viável, promissora e aplicável tendo algumas
variantes da metodologia que não têm aplicação.
As decisões e soluções construtivas integradas no empreendimento
revelam oportunidades no que se pode vir a tornar a arquitetura, tendo
como objetivo tornar cidades prósperas e pessoas prósperas, visando o bem
estar de todos e do planeta.The 21st century is marked by the challenge of eradicating poverty and the aspiration to live a prosperous life within the limits of the planet’s natural resources. If for centuries the existing take, make, and waste economic model was successful in growing the economy, today it is necessary to rethink this system that is based on consumption and the use of natural resources. On the other hand, there is a paradox that the wealthier classes are prospering, but world poverty continues to grow. This reflects a harmful management, not only for the planet’s resources, but also for the most disadvantaged classes. To mitigate the social and ecological problems, a sustainable economic model was developed: Doughnut Economics (DE) in 2012 by Kate Raworth, which relates planetary limits and social bases, which define the minimum limits of well-being for a human being. DE reflects the goal of humanity to be within the just and safe space (the doughnut). Through this economic model, a methodology was created for application in the city, which aims to create sustainable, ecological and social solutions for existing cities. This methodology had its first application in Amsterdam in the year 2020 and is currently being evaluated for results. This trial explores the possibility of scaling down the application of Doughnut Economics from a city scale, to a building scale, and also to the scale of the middle of the development. This architectural project was developed by analyzing and understanding the DE model and methodology through a “City Portrait” guide made available by the Thriving Cities organization. This guide came about after application of the DE in Amsterdam. As well as, the existing conditions in the municipality of Mafra were also investigated, where the enterprise developed through the methodology will be implanted. It is concluded that the application of Dougnhut Economics to a smaller scale, of the enterprise and the building, is a viable, promising and applicable strategy having some variants of the methodology that have no application. The decisions and constructive solutions integrated in the enterprise reveal opportunities in what architecture can become, aiming to make prosperous cities and prosperous people, aiming the well being of all and of the planet.
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Chakrabarty, Subhanil. "Exploring the feasibility of using tabletop displays for construction design meetings." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/3230.
Abstract:
We have investigated the feasibility of using digital tabletop displays during design team meetings to improve access to design information. To achieve this goal, we have applied various design guidelines for tabletop interface design and requirements for digital meeting scenarios in order to implement design ideas (in a prototype named Mozaic) that specifically cater to design team meetings. Mozaic intends to improve information retrieval and browsing activities during meetings thereby improving information access through a tile based layout, pop-up menu control and filtered list. We have evaluated the features of Mozaic through an exploratory study on a tabletop display (in comparison to a commonly used desktop software tool, which was also used on the tabletop) to evaluate various design ideas and ferret out design ideas for future iterations of Mozaic. We present the result of this study as observations and user feedback and discuss them in the light of interface development for design meeting situations.