Journal articles on the topic 'Architecture – China – Beijing'
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Xie, Fan, Shuaijie Cui, and Dongqi Sun. "Symmetries of the Beijing Heping Temple Complex." Symmetry 13, no. 9 (September 15, 2021): 1700. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13091700.
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Three-dimensional laser scanning technology has been more mature, and its application fields are expanding. It is being used in key projects and important work such as ancient building recording, restoration and reconstruction. In this paper, the technology is applied to the 3D scanning, data splicing and model simplification of Heping temple building complex in Beijing. After innovative research on ancient architecture, it is found that the group layout, single form and local components of Heping temple building complex in Beijing show symmetry everywhere, vividly reflecting the extensive and profound ancient architectural culture and order. This points out a new direction for the development and application of 3D laser scanning technology and opens up a new path for the in-depth study of the protection of ancient buildings in China.
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Castro, Pablo, and Jennifer Lee. "Casa + Roja: Vivienda de emergencia Beijing, China." ARQ (Santiago), no. 77 (April 2011): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0717-69962011000100006.
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Qizhi, Mao. "Preservation in the Old City of Beijing: The "hutong-courtyard housing" system." Ekistics and The New Habitat 73, no. 436-441 (December 1, 2006): 93–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.53910/26531313-e200673436-441105.
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The author is Professor of Urban Planning and Associate Dean of the School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China. He is also Deputy Director of the Center for Science of Human Settlements and of the Institute of Architectural and Urban Studies, Tsinghua University; Consultant, Rural and Urban Planning Consultative Committee, Ministry of Construction; and Vice Chairman, Beijing Urban Sciences Research Society. He is also currently Vice President of the World Society for Ekistics (WSE). The text that follows is a slightly revised and edited version of a paper presented by the authors at the international symposion on "Globalization and Local Identity," organized jointly by the World Society for Ekistics and the University of Shiga Prefecture in Hikone, Japan, 19-24 September, 2005.
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Liangyong, Wu. "Coping with urbanization in China: The role of the sciences of human settlements and planning practice." Ekistics and The New Habitat 73, no. 436-441 (December 1, 2006): 196–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.53910/26531313-e200673436-441116.
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The author is Professor of Architecture and Urban Studies , Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China; member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering; and Director of both the Institute of Architectural and Urban Studies and the Center for Human Settlements, Tsinghua University. He is also a member and former President of the World Society for Ekistics (WSE). The text that follows is a slightly edited and revised version of a paper presented at the international symposion on "Globalization and Local Identity," organized jointly by the World Society for Ekistics and the University of Shiga Prefecture in Hikone, Japan, 19-24 September, 2005.
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Luengo, Pedro. "Buildings on Paper." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 81, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 342–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2022.81.3.342.
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Abstract The transmission of European engravings to China had significant artistic consequences during the eighteenth century, at a key moment in the development of relations between the Chinese emperor and the pope. In Buildings on Paper: A 1713 Inventory of European Engravings for the Chinese Emperor, Pedro Luengo analyzes a previously unknown collection of architectural and artistic books inventoried in 1713 in connection with the papal legation of Cardinal Charles-Thomas Maillard de Tournon (1668–1710). The sources in the inventory contrast with those preserved by the Jesuits in Beijing, until now regarded as the only references for European artistic and architectural influence in the Chinese capital. Luengo evaluates the engravings and books listed in the 1713 inventory in terms of their impact on art and architecture in China, especially in the construction of palaces in the capital.
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Liangyong, Wu. "Sciences of human settlements: Searching for the theory and practice." Ekistics and The New Habitat 69, no. 415-417 (December 1, 2002): 279–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.53910/26531313-e200269415-417349.
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The author is Professor of Architecture and Urban Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China; member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering; and Director of both the Institute of Architectural and Urban Studies and the Center for Human Settlements, Tsinghua University. He is also a member and former President of the World Society for Ekistics (WSE). The text that follows is a slightly edited and revised version of a paper presented at the WSE Symposion "Defining Success of the City in the 21st Century," Berlin, 24-28 October, 2001.
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Kelly, Michael J., and Sean Watts. "Rethinking the Security Architecture of North East Asia." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 41, no. 2 (August 2, 2010): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v41i2.5229.
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In the aftermath of the Cold War, many began to question the continuing efficacy, or at least call for reform, of collective security structures such as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the United Nations Security Council. Yet, North East Asia never enjoyed a formal, institutionalised collective security structure. As Russia and the United States recede and China emerges in North East Asia, this article questions whether now is the time to consider such an arrangement. Financially, Japan and South Korea are locked into a symbiotic relationship with China (as is the United States), while the government in Beijing continues to militarise and lay territorial and maritime claims to large areas of the region. Moreover, the regime in North Korea, with its new nuclear capabilities, remains unpredictable. Consequently, central components to the question of collective security in North East Asia are the equally vexing questions of what to do about North Korea and whether a new formalised security arrangement would include or exclude the People's Republic of China.
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Zhang, Cheng, Tommy Tanu Wijaya, Ying Zhou, Jihe Chen, and Yimin Ning. "Ethnomathematics values in Temple of Heaven: An Imperial Sacrificial Altar in Beijing, China." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2084, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2084/1/012015.
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Abstract Many studies are proving that learning mathematics with an ethnomathematical approach can improve students’ mathematical skills. Developing and using ethnomathematics concepts are important to raise history and cultural awareness of mathematics. This study aims to analyse the ethnomathematics values of the Temple of Heaven. Temple of Heaven is one of the famous heritage sites in Beijing, China, which bears many ethnomathematics concepts. The researchers applied a qualitative method in this study. The subject of this research is the Temple of Heaven building that is located in Beijing, China. Researchers identified the geometrical concept present in the exterior, interior design, and building structure of the Temple of Heaven building. This research shows the existence of mathematical concepts in the architecture of the Temple of Heaven. This research result can help teachers in making mathematical practice questions with ethnomathematics concepts.
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stomberg, john. "Zhan Wang: Urban Landscape." Gastronomica 7, no. 2 (2007): 9–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2007.7.2.9.
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The artist Zhan Wang replicates the city of Beijing using a variety of mass-produced cookware and his own, hand-molded, stainless steel rock formations. The installation, called Urban Landscape: Beijing, simultaneously extends and significantly alters both the tradition of Marcel Duchamp and the general precepts of minimalist sculpture. His work also addresses current social concerns such as urbanization and globalization. Urban Landscape: Beijing embodies Zhan's expansive worldview. In the context of his work, the artist discusses concerns that range from economics, theology, sociology, urban planning, and architecture to formal art issues, such as the use of found objects and the role of the grid. He encourages our contemplation of rapid modernization in China--and the negative effect it can have on life there--and shares our pleasure in the gleaming surfaces of his materials. Urban Landscape: Beijing evokes both the allure of modern urban culture and the consequences of urban renewal--it offers the sensuous pleasure of modernity and the sting of the price paid.
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Steinhardt, Nancy Shatzman. "Why Were Chang'an and Beijing so Different?" Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 45, no. 4 (December 1, 1986): 339–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/990206.
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Historians of premodern Chinese urbanism have long assumed that the origins of the Chinese imperial city plan stem from a passage in the Kaogong Ji (Record of Trades) section of the classical text Rituals of Zhou which describes the city of the King of Zhou. Taking this description as the single source of all Chinese capitals, these historians have gone on to write that any Chinese imperial city constructed during the last 2,000 years not only has much in common with any other one, but that all have been built according to a single scheme. Yet the plans of the two most important Chinese imperial cities, Chang'an in the 7th to 9th century, and Beijing after the 14th century, indicate that a crucial feature of the Chinese imperial urban plan, the position of the imperial palaces, is in the north center at Chang'an and roughly in the exact center at Beijing, thereby dispelling the myth of the direct descent of all Chinese imperial city plans from the King of Zhou's city. Moreover, an examination of excavated cities of the first millennium B. C. shows that the Chang'an plan, the Beijing plan, and a third type, the double city, have their origins in China before the 1st century A. D., when the Kaogong Ji is believed to have been written. Moreover, all three city plan types can be traced through several thousand years of Chinese city building. After stating the hypothesis of three lineages of Chinese imperial city building, the paper illustrates and briefly comments on the key examples of each city type through history. More than 20 cities are involved in understanding the evolution of the imperial Chinese plans. Thus this paper also includes many Chinese capital plans heretofore unpublished in a Western language. The plan of Chang'an is different from that of Beijing because the latter city was built on the ruins of a city designed anew by the Mongol ruler of China, Khubilai Khan, with the intent of adhering to the prescribed design of the Kaogong Ji; whereas Chang'an was built according to a plan used by native and non-Chinese rulers of China only until the advent of Mongolian rule (with one exception.) Finally, this paper examines the assumption that there was little variation in Chinese imperial city building. A main reason for the assumed uniformities in Chinese capitals is because the imperial city is traditionally one of the most potent symbols of imperial rule, such that digression from it might imply less than legitimate rulership. Thus it can be shown that Chinese and non-Chinese dynasties had their actual city schemes amended for the historical record through the publication of fictitious city plans.
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Gong, Keyu. "China in an Evolving Northeast Asia." China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies 06, no. 01 (January 2020): 53–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2377740020500062.
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The Northeast Asian security landscape is fast evolving amid intensifying China-U.S. strategic competition and a still raging coronavirus pandemic. Frequent summit meetings among regional leaders, including the historic meetings between Donald Trump and Kim Jong-un, have not translated into broader security dialogues and joint efforts to build a robust and durable regional security architecture. Divergent security perceptions, America’s dominant security role, and a mosaic pattern of regional security arrangements and mechanisms are the major factors shaping Northeast Asian security dynamics. Beijing remains committed to the declared path of peaceful development amid growing suspicion and concern over its strategic intention and capabilities; with strategic patience and perseverance, it is determined to play a larger role in forging consensus, building institutions, advancing cooperation, and coordinating relations in regional security matters.
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FAN, Lixia, and Osamu MURAO. "REPORT ON THE EVACUATION AREA PLANNING IN CHINA AND CONSTRUCTION CONDITION IN BEIJING." AIJ Journal of Technology and Design 17, no. 36 (2011): 681–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijt.17.681.
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Sicheng, Liang. "Why Study Chinese Architecture?" Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 73, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2014.73.1.8.
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Translator’s Note The article that follows was first published in Zhongguo yingzao xueshe huikan (Bulletin of the Society for Research in Chinese Architecture), volume 7, number 1, in October 1944, when the journal resumed publishing after a seven-year hiatus. The Society for Research in Chinese Architecture had been founded by Zhu Qiqian (1872–1964) in 1930, and its leading members were Liang Sicheng (1901–72), Liu Dunzhen (1897–1968), and Lin Huiyin (1904–55). The war against Japan that officially broke out in 1937 wreaked havoc on ancient buildings in China, an issue that Liang discusses in the article, and also had a direct and drastic impact on the society, whose members were forced to flee Beijing. They went to southwestern inland China, settling first in Kunming, Yunnan province, in 1938, and then in the small village of Li Zhuang, Sichuan province, in the winter of 1940. Amid the severe material and financial hardships caused by the war, the society also had to endure the departure of its most important members and contributors to its research, including Liu Dunzhen in 1943. The handful of remaining scholars decided to resume publication of the bulletin in 1944, probably writing their journal articles by hand and reproducing the pages lithographically for distribution. The article followed a foreword and acknowledgment in the 1944 issue of the journal. During the society’s existence the journal was to publish only one more issue, in October 1945. Although Liang Sicheng was not named as the author of the article (which was signed only “the editor”) it is usually attributed, reasonably, to Liang Sicheng himself.1
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Yin, Tongyun. "Liulichang: the Institution and Practice of the Antique, Art, and Book Market in Late Qing Beijing." East Asian Publishing and Society 8, no. 2 (September 18, 2018): 183–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22106286-12341325.
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AbstractThe unique characteristic of the late Qing Beijing antique and book market lies in the existence of Liulichang market, a geographically and culturally integrated marketplace on a scale that was not found in other parts of contemporaneous China. Starting with examining the changing urban landscape and reconfiguration of Beijing’s social and cultural spaces in the Ming and Qing dynasties, this paper investigates the uniqueness of Liulichang market through the lens of the distinctive architecture, organizations, and practices of its antique and book shops. The dominance of a regional market preference for particular artworks, represented by the canonization of paintings by the early Qing orthodox masters at Liulichang, demonstrates that the market was not only an economic institution, but also an essential public space for formalizing collective judgment, meanings, and relationships driven by the agendas of the bureaucratic elite class in the Qing capital. The emphasis on specific formative and decisive forces in constructing the regional markets and directing art consumption in late Qing China further aims to add different nuances to our understanding of the fluidity and specificity of different urban cultures in the late Qing dynasty.
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Yang, Xin, Wenwen Gao, Qi Zhang, Sha Li, Fan Fu, and Nana Li. "Analyzing the Environment Characteristics of Heat Exposure Spaces from the Humanistic Perspective and Spatial Improvement Approaches in Central Beijing, China." Buildings 12, no. 2 (January 27, 2022): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12020138.
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Global warming, high temperatures, and heatwave weather are some of the factors affecting human settlement environment health. In high-temperature weather, human production and life are seriously threatened, as long-term exposure to high temperatures causes a variety of diseases, and children and elderly, who have poor tolerance, require strengthened protection. From a human perspective, this study calculated the thermal duration distribution of high temperatures based on maximum temperature data in a central urban area of Beijing combined with the results of the sixth population census of Beijing, investigated the population distribution of individuals under 15 years old and over 65 years old, and analyzed the spatial distribution of a thermal exposure space in a central urban area of Beijing with the help of the ArcGIS platform. Based on 130 district districts, streets with high-risk heat exposure spaces in the central urban area of Beijing were reddened to determine the distribution of high-risk grades. Using the semantic segmentation method and a street view map, the high-risk thermal exposure space environment from the humanistic perspective was restored, and the typical characteristics were summarized and analyzed. Finally, the environmental characteristics of the high-risk thermal exposure space were analyzed from the humanistic perspective, and an improvement strategy for thermal exposure spaces was proposed based on the perspective of emotional relief.
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Han, Qing, Yi Hang Wang, Guo Wei Zhang, and Hui Wu. "Technology and Application Prospect of Tilt-up Construction in China." Key Engineering Materials 477 (April 2011): 418–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.477.418.
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Tilt-up is a method for constructing concrete wall rapidly and economically without formwork. A large number of tilt-up structures have been constructed in North America and other developed countries, and it will also be an acceptable term for new rural construction in China. Tilt-up process can reduce the cost of labor and materials in wall construction. With the application of the recycled concrete in tilt-up construction, which is being researched in the Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, tilt-up building can be has a larger benefit obviously in the suburbs and rural area. With the benefit of both techniques, the paper finally introduces the application prospect in China.
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Tinghai, Wu. "The regional concept of Zhang Jian." Ekistics and The New Habitat 73, no. 436-441 (December 1, 2006): 207–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.53910/26531313-e200673436-441118.
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The author obtained both his Bachelors degree in Economic Geography and Urban & Rural Planning, and his Masters degree in Human Geography from the Department of Geography, NanjingUniversity, Nanjing, P.R. China, and his Ph.D in Urban Planning and Design from the School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, where he is currently Associate Professor of Architecture, acting as both Teacher and Researcher on Urban Geography and Regional Planning as well as on the history and culture of cities and regions. Based on personal research efforts or in collaboration with Professor Wu Liangyong for whom Dr Wu Tinghai acted as a research and teaching assistant, he has dealt with research on: Regional Innovative Milieu; Physical Support and Institutional Design; Regional Form Affected by Large-scale Infrastructure Construction; Spatial Development Planning for Beijing; Rural and Urban Spatial Development Planning for Greater Beijing Region; and Spatial Development Planning for Xuzhou inJiangsu Province. His publications include, among others, A Geographical Study on Urban Spatial Development in Western-Zhou Dynasty and The Regional Concept in the Study of the History of Chinese Cities. Two of his works which received high distinction in National Academic Thesis Competitions for Young Planners in China were published in the Urban Planning Review, UK in 1997 and 2001. In recent years, Dr Wu Tinghai has been a Visiting Scholar at Cambridge University, UK; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Boston, USA; and Dortmund University, Germany. He is also a member of the World Society for Ekistics. The text that follows was made available to participants at the international symposion on "Globalization and LocalIdentity," organized jointly by the World Society for Ekistics and the University of Shiga Prefecture in Hikone, Japan, 19-24 September, 2005, which Dr Wu Tinghai was finally unable to attend.
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Castilla, Manuel V. "The Cultural Heritage of Architectural Linear Perspective: The Mural Paintings in Nantang Church." Heritage 4, no. 3 (August 13, 2021): 1773–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage4030099.
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This paper presents a contextual use of the innovative drawing techniques that involved architecture and painting in the Qing court during the first half of the eighteenth century. At this point architectural linear perspective in painting (quadratura) and stage design had become common fields of experimentation for the Chinese and Jesuit artists missionaries. In this conceptual context, Western quadratura was developed in China by Giovanni Gherardini. (1655–1729), and especially by Giuseppe Castiglione (1688–1766), who is remembered as an extraordinarily versatile architect–painter. The focus of this paper is on the “illusory mural paintings of architectural perspective in Nantang Church” (Beijing), which has now disappeared, and which spread the influence of the Western Renaissance. The imported Western linear perspective and the fundamentals of architectural drawing facilitated the systematization and dissemination of the quadratura as an unknown technique in China. Based on the text described by the contemporary scholar Yao Yuan Zhi, an original interpretation of the architectural perspective mural paintings in Nantang Church is proposed. These paintings provide an important case study of Sino-European collaboration in the eighteenth century from different points of view: the representation of the light in drawings and the fact that the concept of shadow in some respects was unknown to the Chinese artist.
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Sun, Yunlei, Xiuquan Qiao, Wei Tan, Bo Cheng, Ruisheng Shi, and Junliang Chen. "A Low-Delay, Light-Weight Publish/Subscribe Architecture for Delay-Sensitive IOT Services." International Journal of Web Services Research 10, no. 3 (July 2013): 60–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijwsr.2013070104.
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In order to build a low-latency and light-weight publish/subscribe (pub/sub) system for delay-sensitive IOT services, the authors propose an efficient and scalable broker architecture named Grid Quorum-based pub/sub (GQPS). As a key component in Event-Driven Service-Oriented Architecture (EDSOA) for IOT services, this architecture organizes multiple pub/sub brokers into a Quorum-based peer-to-peer topology for efficient topic searching. It also leverages a topic searching algorithm and a one-hop caching strategy to minimize the search latency. Light-weight RESTful interfaces make the authors’ GQPS more suitable for IOT services. Cost analysis and experimental study demonstrate that the GQPS achieves a significant performance gain in search satisfaction without compromising search cost. The authors apply the proposed GQPS in the District Heating Control and Information Service System in Beijing, China. This system validates the effectiveness of GQPS.
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Vučinić-Nešković, Vesna. "Some Observations on Cultural Opposites in Contemporary China: Kunming and Beijing Twenty Years Later." Issues in Ethnology and Anthropology 4, no. 3 (December 10, 2009): 161–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21301/eap.v4i3.9.
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This paper considers the cultural opposites observed in various segments of Chinese culture during the author's three stays in China over a period of twenty years. The first and second stay, in 1986 and 1989 respectively, coincided with the initial period of the implementation of modernization reforms in China, when their results were just beginning to be felt. The third stay was in 2009, towards the end of the third decade of reform implementation, at the time of an already developed marketoriented communism. The paper's main thesis is that most of the phenomena observed in present-day urban China can be assigned to opposite categories, namely Chinese-Western and traditional- contemporary. Cultural opposites have been observed in the sphere of tourism and the behavior of both Chinese and foreign visitors, in the use of Chinese and English in notices and signs in public places, and in the promotion of traditional and modern architecture. In addition, they have been noted in the presentation of arts and crafts and industrial products, in the manner of consumption of hot drinks, and in the combining of Chinese and foreign cuisine. They are also evident in a Beijing Opera performance adapted both to the modern Chinese and to foreigners, and in the traditional Chinese exercises and western dances performed in public parks. In conclusion, the paper suggests that the process of establishing connections between China and the West is being carried on in a moderate and controlled way. In the globalization process cultural opposites coexist and merge, imparting new features to Chinese culture.
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Luo, Wei. "Review: China Gothic: The Bishop of Beijing and His Cathedral, by Anthony E. Clark." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 80, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 110–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2021.80.1.110.
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Xue, Charlie Qiuli, Zhigang Wang, and Brian Mitchenere. "In search of identity: the development process of the National Grand Theatre in Beijing, China." Journal of Architecture 15, no. 4 (August 2010): 517–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13602365.2010.507532.
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Шевченко, Марианна Юрьевна. "INTERACTION OF TRADITIONS IN THE ARCHITECTURE OF BUDDHIST MONASTERIES OF TIBET AND CHINA OF THE 13TH-18TH CENTURIES." ВОПРОСЫ ВСЕОБЩЕЙ ИСТОРИИ АРХИТЕКТУРЫ, no. 2(13) (June 5, 2020): 217–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.25995/niitiag.2020.13.2.010.
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Данная статья посвящена анализу процесса взаимного проникновения архитектурных традиций Китая и Тибета. Этот неоднородный процесс активно шел с XIII по XIX в. С одной стороны, привнесение китайских черт в тибетскую архитектуру и наоборот было тесно связано с политическим контекстом. Неслучайно первые попытки соединения двух стилистик на территории Тибета начали возникать именно во время правления династии Юань, когда глава школы Сакья стал официальным духовным наставником Хубилая. Схожие процессы происходили и при проникновении тибетских черт в китайскую архитектуру, когда по велению императорского двора династии Цин около дворцов в Пекине и Чэндэ возвели целый ряд ламаистских монастырей, в архитектуре которых были напрямую заимствованы композиционные и объемные решения тибетских построек. В то же время шел процесс и естественного проникновения тибетской архитектурной традиции в близлежащие регионы провинций Сычуань, Ганьсу, Внутренняя Монголия и Цинхай, что привело к появлению новых форм монастырских построек, где китайские черты проявились гораздо четче, чем в Тибете. На территории Тибета в архитектуре шли схожие процессы постепенного проникновения китайских традиций, что выразилось как в планировке отдельных монастырей, так и в применении деревянных конструкций и элементов отделки и декора. В данном исследовании сделана попытка обобщить обширный и разнородный архитектурный материал с целью более глубокого понимания стилистического развития архитектуры Тибета и Китая. Анализ взаимодействия тибетской и китайской архитектурных традиций на протяжении XIII-XIX вв. позволяет выявить то, как проходили процессы поиска новых форм и образов, стилизации и переосмысления устоявшихся приемов в новых культурных и географических условиях. This article focuses on the analysis of the process of interaction between the architectural traditions of China and Tibet. This complex process began in the 13th century and lasted until the 19th century. On one side, penetration of Chinese features into Tibetan architecture and vice versa was closely connected with the political context. It is no coincidence that the first attempts of combining two different styles in Tibet started to appear during the reign of Yuan dynasty, when the head of the Sakya Buddhist school became an official spiritual advisor of the Kublai Khan. Similar processes led to Tibetan influence affecting Chinese architecture, when several Lamaist temples and monasteries were built around emperor palaces in Beijing and Chengde by order of the Qing Dynasty court. The compositional and volumetric structure of those buildings was directly borrowed from Tibetan architecture. On the other side, Tibetan architectural traditions were naturally spreading into nearby regions, such as Sichuan, Gansu, Qinghai and Inner Mongolia with the expansion of Tibetan Buddhism. It led to the creation of new forms of monastery buildings, where Chinese features exhibited themselves much more clearly than in Tibet. Meanwhile, Chinese architectural traditions in the same time period were equally influencing Tibetan architecture. It may be seen in the evolution of plans, constructions and decorations of buildings. The present article attempts to summarize broad and disparate material with the purpose to better understand the evolution of Tibetan and Chinese architecture. Analysis of interactions between architectural traditions of Tibet and China throughout the 13th-19th centuries allows us to highlight the manner in which the processes of searching for new forms and architectural images in different cultural and geographical conditions have been unfolded..
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Zhang, Donia. "JUER HUTONG NEW COURTYARD HOUSING IN BEIJING: A REVIEW FROM THE RESIDENTS’ PERSPECTIVE." International Journal of Architectural Research: ArchNet-IJAR 10, no. 2 (July 29, 2016): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.26687/archnet-ijar.v10i2.963.
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Set within the theoretical framework of cultural sustainability, this in-depth case study examines the Juer Hutong new courtyard housing prototype built in the inner city of Beijing, China, whose phase one was completed in 1990 and phase two in 1994. Juer Hutong (Chrysanthemum Lane) is located in the area of the celebrated Nanluogu Xiang (Gong and Drum Lane South), in proximity to the historic Drum and Bell Towers. It was a typically decayed traditional courtyard house neighborhood that urgently needed remodeling. After a decade of research and design led by Professor Wu Liangyong, and a group of students at the School of Architecture of Tsinghua/ Qinghua University, phase one of the project has won six awards, including the 1992 World Habitat Award. However, its proposed phases three and four were suspended from construction. This study elucidates the residents’ views of the completed two phases and offers four lessons and two new courtyard garden house design models for discussion and future practice.
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Fu, F., J. Zhang, F. Shen, and C. Zhao. "THE MULTI-TECH PROTECTIVE MONITORING OF THE LION FOREST GARDEN STONY ARTIFICIAL HILLS (SUZHOU, CHINA)." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIV-M-1-2020 (July 24, 2020): 335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-m-1-2020-335-2020.
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Abstract. The Lion Forest Garden was originally built in 1342, during Yuan Dynasty, and became one of the most famous gardens in Suzhou. In 2000, it was inscribed in the World Heritage List as an extensive property of the Classical Gardens of Suzhou. The Lion Forest Garden is famous for its stony artificial hills covering more than 4,000 square meters, which were continually built during Yuan, Ming, and Qing Dynasty. However, as a long time passed, stony artificial hills appear damaged showing stone cracking - which could be seen in many places-, gaping, weathering, water erosion, and subsidence. Besides, a new underground line will pass through the road west to the Garden. In 2018 and 2019, the Landscape Architecture Engineering Lab of the Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture collaborated with the Lion Forest Garden Administration on a research to define the strategy to monitor these stony artificial hills. Multiple technologies were used, such as 3D Scanning, Ultrasonic Testing, Side-Scan Sonar, sensors, and so forth. During the monitoring, some technologies worked well while others did not. The paper, based on the mentioned research, will discuss the strategy and technologies used in monitoring historical rockeries, describe the procedure, analyse the outcomes, and find out the reasons causing the unsuccess of some technologies.
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Zhang, Liying, Tao Pei, Xi Wang, Mingbo Wu, Ci Song, Sihui Guo, and Yijin Chen. "Quantifying the Urban Visual Perception of Chinese Traditional-Style Building with Street View Images." Applied Sciences 10, no. 17 (August 28, 2020): 5963. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10175963.
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As a symbol of Chinese culture, Chinese traditional-style architecture defines the unique characteristics of Chinese cities. The visual qualities and spatial distribution of architecture represent the image of a city, which affects the psychological states of the residents and can induce positive or negative social outcomes. Hence, it is important to study the visual perception of Chinese traditional-style buildings in China. Previous works have been restricted by the lack of data sources and techniques, which were not quantitative and comprehensive. In this paper, we proposed a deep learning model for automatically predicting the presence of Chinese traditional-style buildings and developed two view indicators to quantify the pedestrians’ visual perceptions of buildings. Using this model, Chinese traditional-style buildings were automatically segmented in streetscape images within the Fifth Ring Road of Beijing and then the perception of Chinese traditional-style buildings was quantified with two view indictors. This model can also help to automatically predict the perception of Chinese traditional-style buildings for new urban regions in China, and more importantly, the two view indicators provide a new quantitative method for measuring the urban visual perception in street level, which is of great significance for the quantitative research of tourism route and urban planning.
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Luo, Yun, Pengcheng Xiang, and Bo Li. "Research on Sustainable Development Model of Chinese Artist Village." Buildings 13, no. 1 (January 9, 2023): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13010164.
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As a development form of the creative industry, the Artist Village is a high concern of the Chinese government, and it has achieved rapid developments in China in recent years. However, many Artist Villages come to an untimely end a short period after their birth and fail to realize sustainable development. In this study, an empirical analysis on 80 Artist Villages in China was carried out. A field investigation and research on eight Artist Villages was implemented. Attention was paid to thoroughly analyze three typical Artist Villages of Guangzhou Xiaozhou Artist Village, Chongqing Gujianshan Artist Village and Beijing Songzhuang Artist Village. It has been found from studies that the development of Artist Villages in China has experienced initiation, development and maturity stages. The development of Artist Villages in China generally has many problems, such as an insufficient endogenous impetus, the excessive intervention of government, market capital “squeezing out” the original artists, and so on. This paper proposed a sustainable development model for Artist Villages during urbanization in China based on the findings and conclusions of this study. This study not only enriches research contents in this field, but can also provide meaningful references for the sustainable development of Artist Villages in China.
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Ren, Xiang. "Xiang Ren on reading grassroots architecture in Beijing’s conservation area - Hutong Mushroom By Han Li and Qiuye Jin Beijing, China Architecture & Building Press, 2018 174 pp. Hardback ISBN 9787112219179 RMB 68." Architectural Research Quarterly 24, no. 3 (September 2020): 295–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135520000330.
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Song, Zisheng. "The Capitalization of School Quality in Rents in the Beijing Housing Market: A Propensity Score Matching Method." Buildings 12, no. 4 (April 14, 2022): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12040485.
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In China, the capitalization of education resources in housing prices has been widely discussed. However, insufficient attention is paid to it in rents. Thus, this paper mainly aims to identify the capitalization of school quality in rents. It estimates a hedonic treatment effects model by introducing the propensity score matching (PSM) method. The empirical analysis is based on 49,438 rental transaction data of 2016–2018 in Beijing, China. It finds that school quality can be significantly capitalized in rents across different school quality (ranked as 1st-class, 2nd-class, and popular-class), space, and time. Besides, quality school density (the number of quality schools) within neighborhoods can significantly moderate the nearest school’s capitalization, promoting a 3.5% capitalization increase in outer municipal districts but a 3% decrease in inner districts. The popular-class schools can be capitalized into the rent of inner districts, probably because of other exogenous factors (e.g., housing prices, public transit). In addition, the equitable housing policy might show a potential risk in worsening social inequality between homeowners and renters in the municipal areas with high competition for 1st-class schools. In contrast, it may remedy such inequality in outer districts with less competition for quality schools.
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Mashar, Aly. "Bulan Sabit di Negeri Komunis Tirai Bambu: Sebuah Perjuangan Identitas Umat Minoritas." SHAHIH: Journal of Islamicate Multidisciplinary 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 139–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.22515/shahih.v3i2.1500.
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Chinese Moslems are mostly ethnic Hui and Uyghur. Ethnic Hui Moslems live in cities in China such as Beijing, Xi'an, Guangzhou, Tianjin and Shanghai, while ethnic Uyghurs tend to stay concentrated in an area, especially in Xinjiang. The sect which is followed by Chinese Moslems are Sunny and Syiah Imamiyah, based on Hanafiyah and Syafi'ah jurisprudence, and following a number of tarekat, such as Qadiriyyah, Kubrawiyyah, Jahriyyah, and Khuffiyyah. Muslims tend to be more peaceful than ethnic Uyghurs, not even to the point of causing war. Even so, there are often feuds with Han ethnicity, Chinese Muslim civilization can be said to be quite advanced, especially related to education, transliteration and translation of the Qur'an into Chinese, calligraphy art; architecture, ornamentation, mosque construction; economy and commerce; and several scientific branches.Â
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Tan, See Seng. "Consigned to hedge: south-east Asia and America's ‘free and open Indo-Pacific’ strategy." International Affairs 96, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 131–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiz227.
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Abstract This article assesses how south-east Asian countries and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) have responded to the ‘free and open Indo-Pacific’ (FOIP) strategies promoted by the United States and the other countries in the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (the ‘Quad’: US, Japan, Australia and India). Their nuanced ripostes imply a persistent commitment to hedging and shifting limited alignments in the face of growing great rivalry and the lack of a clear FOIP vision among Quad members. In the face of external pressure to take sides, the ASEAN states are likely to keep hedging through working selectively with China and the United States. Given the United States' apparent preference to balance China and Trump's disregard for multilateralism, ASEAN's ability to maintain its centrality in the evolving regional architecture is in doubt—despite the Quad countries' (belated) accommodation of ASEAN in their FOIP strategies. However, the success of the US strategy depends on Washington's ability to build and sustain the requisite coalition to balance Beijing. ASEAN has undertaken efforts to enhance bilateral security collaboration with China and the United States respectively. In doing so, ASEAN is arguably seeking to informally redefine its centrality in an era of Great Power discord and its ramifications for multilateralism.
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Wang, Ting-Kwei, David N. Ford, Heap-Yih Chong, and Wei Zhang. "Causes of delays in the construction phase of Chinese building projects." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 25, no. 11 (December 3, 2018): 1534–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-10-2016-0227.
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PurposeDelays during construction are one of the common scenarios in the construction industry. The purpose of this paper is to identify the primary causes of delays in the construction phase of building construction projects in China.Design/methodology/approachQuestionnaire survey approach was adopted across the four typical cities in China, namely, Beijing, Shanghai, Chongqing and Shenzhen. In total, 115 sets of valid responded questionnaires were collected and analyzed.FindingsThe results show that the causes of variations, delays in progress payments, exceptionally low bids and subcontractors’ poor performance and communication issues were the most important causes of delays in China.Originality/valueThis research is the first questionnaire survey on the causes of delays in the construction phase of building construction projects in China. The comparative analysis shows two unique causes of delays in the Chinese construction industry, such as “difficulty in claiming indemnity” and “unreasonable upfront capital demanded by client.” It also reveals different ranked causes of delays as per distinguished political and economic situations in China. The research findings can be referred by construction projects in other countries that are funded or partnered with China.
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Averianov, Serhii. "Security aspect of Asean-China relations in South-East Asia." Bulletin of Mariupol State University. Series: History. Political Studies 10, no. 28-29 (2020): 133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.34079/2226-2830-2020-10-28-29-133-143.
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The article analyzes the the People's Republic of China (PRC) influence on the activities of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in the security sector. It outlines the specifics of the foreign policy of the People's Republic of China in the region and its connection to the formation of the Southeast Asia (SA) security architecture processes. The article highlightes modern trends and tendencies of China's geostrategic positioning in the region, the pros and cons of the Chinese foreign policy concept at both regional and global levels. For many years China was seen as a threat to Southeast Asian countries due to its political ideology and active support for the uprisings in those countries. In 1967, when ASEAN was founded, China had serious doubts about the motives of this newly formed international union. Beijing was deeply concerned that the organization could have a hidden military connotation that would consolidate anti-Chinese sentiment in Southeast Asia. Formal relations between China and the Association were established in 1991. In July 1994 China became a «consultative partner» within ASEAN Regional Forum on Peace and Security. In 1996 by signing the Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation of 1976 China became a full dialogue partner. The transformation of the system of international relations, as well as the global rebalance of power in the post-bipolar era have contributed to the strengthening of China`s positions in world politics. On the one hand the end of the Cold War minimized the risks of a nuclear catastrophe, but at the same time it actualized and accelerated trade and economic cooperation tendencies. In such circumstances most of ASEAN member states sought brand new approach towards China, willing to benefit from its economic upswing. For its part, China's growing dependence on energy forces it to engage in solving regional security issues more actively. Nowadays China's foreign policy is represented by the Belt and Road Initiative, formerly known as the One Belt One Road. It is a global infrastructure development strategy that includes 2 large-scale projects: the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road. Participating in those projects seems lucrative for most Southeast Asia countries, due to their close economic ties with China being nearly the main driver of their own economies. After all, China still remains a key trading partner among ASEAN member states. However, on the other hand, many of the political elites fear that participation in China's projects will put them in a position of dependence on Beijing. That`s why ASEAN tries to maintain the SA as a peaceful, neutral region, free from the dominance of any regional or non-regional state.
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Niu, Yunyun, Jieqiong Zhang, Yongpeng Zhang, and Jianhua Xiao. "Modeling Evacuation of High-Rise Buildings Based on Intelligence Decision P System." Sustainability 11, no. 17 (August 28, 2019): 4685. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11174685.
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High-rise buildings usually have more complex architectural structures and hold more people than single-storey buildings. Currently, crowd management under emergent conditions, especially rapid evacuations of high-rise buildings, is a worldwide problem. In this study, a bio-inspired simulation technology extracted from a cell migration process, namely Intelligent Decision System (IDPS), was used to model the dynamic evacuation of high-rise buildings and calculate the evacuation time for different scenarios. This work was motivated by the comparability between the pedestrian movement behavior and cell migration process. Specific structure information of high architecture was also described in IDPS. A case study was done about evacuation simulation of a 12-storey teaching building in China University of Geosciences in Beijing. The simulation results showed that evacuation time varied with different parameters, such as density threshold, interaction probability, walking speed, population distribution, and stair width. With the proper density threshold and good interaction probability, the load balance of staircases and exits can be improved. For staircases with high utilization ratios, it was recommended that the evacuation process can be accelerated by widening the staircases appropriately. Finally, the impact of initial number of evacuees at each floor level was also analyzed in view of safety management.
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Marinelli, Maurizio. "Domesticating Italy's foreignness in China: the transcultural politics of the copy and the real." Modern Italy 24, no. 4 (November 2019): 417–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mit.2019.53.
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This article consists of three sections. The first one concentrates on the conceptualisation of the Italian concession in Tianjin (1901–1947). The second connects the past imagery of the Italian ‘aristocratic concession’ to its contemporary reinvention as the ‘New Italian-style Town’. The third section explores the rationale for the diffusion of what I define as Italianerie: a fascination for Italy, for a ‘real-unreal’ Italian-flavoured atmosphere, through the creation of multi-million-dollar luxury designer outlets known as ‘Florentia Villages’. The first Florentia Village, ‘inspired by classic Italian architecture’, opened in Wuqing, halfway between Beijing and Tianjin, in June 2011, followed by the replica of this template in eight Chinese cities. Is this the outcome of a specific patrimonialisation strategy? What is the significance of this showcase of Italian design in China? What lies behind the apparent paradox of reproducing ‘in/authentic’ Italy in miniature, and using it to sell the ‘real’ luxury products, in a country like China, which is stereotyped as the paradise of the fake? Is innovation by design reconfiguring the relationship between production and consumption of cultural images and commodities? This article intends to explore these questions with particular attention to transcultural strategies in Chinese urbanism – past and present.
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Basu, Titli. "Sino-US Disorder: Power and Policy in Post-COVID Indo-Pacific." Journal of Asian Economic Integration 2, no. 2 (August 13, 2020): 159–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2631684620940448.
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Great powers have invested in order-building projects with competing vision of political values and ideologies. How the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic shapes the balance of power and order are debated. The pandemic arrived in the midst of Sino-US strategic contestation, a crumbling European project, de-globalisation and contested economic governance architecture. While the pandemic exacerbated Washington abdicating leadership role, Beijing also has alienated itself from the followers of rules based order. It has sharpened the clash of rhetoric, narratives, and perceptions. The pandemic will reorganise the international system and power structures. Situating the Indo-Pacific project in this backdrop, this article critically analyses the debates, discourses and nuanced divergences that are shaping the Indo-Pacific puzzle in the power corridors of Washington, Tokyo and Delhi, in addition to mapping Beijing’s approach to Indo-Pacific. The article evaluates the contrast in their respective visions of order, China strategy, ASEAN centrality and multilateral free-trade regimes. But these subtle departures have not restricted major Indo-Pacific powers to weave a strategic web of democracies and pursue a win-win issue-based multi-alignment on matters of mutual strategic interests. With new realities in play, the India-US-Japan triangle will feature as one of the key building blocks of Indo-Pacific to deliver on the shared responsibility of providing global public goods. JEL Codes: F5, K3
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Wu, Xianfeng, and Xiangyu Li. "Post-Occupancy Evaluation of Sports Parks during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Taking Sports Parks in Beijing as Examples." Buildings 12, no. 12 (December 16, 2022): 2250. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12122250.
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China fully built a wealthy society but faced a serious COVID-19 epidemic together with the rest of the world. The emergence of the epidemic highlights the importance of sports parks for physical activity. By reviewing national fitness policies and identifying several types of sports parks, this paper investigates urban dwellers’ usage and preferences in sports parks by means of a questionnaire, with behavioural observation and interviews as complementary research methods. Taking the Beijing Olympic Forest Park, Sun Park, and Huilongguan Park as examples, this study reveals that participants present a high overall satisfaction with the sports parks. The factor analysis indicates that Sports Facilities and Maintenance & Management are the first and second most significant factors influencing residents’ willingness to use sports parks. This research can guide the planning and construction of sports park in the future.
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Paek, Seunghan, and Dai Whan An. "Missionary Architecture and Hybrid Modernity in Colonial Korea: The Case of Yonsei University." Open House International 42, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-04-2017-b0002.
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This article explores the hybrid modernity made through missionary architectural practices during colonial Korea, by examining how the master plan of Yonsei University, one of the earliest mission schools in Korea, has gone through a unique evolutionary process throughout the convoluted modern history of the twentieth century. In doing so, this article conducts a thorough visual and spatial analysis of the given case with two emphases: first, analyzing three campus master plans—produced in 1917, 1925, and 2016 respectively—in a comparative way; and second, analyzing the layout and façade composition of major buildings that comprise the campus in great details. These master plans are crucial evidences enabling us to investigate the transatlantic architectural practices in early 20th century, as Henry K. Murphy, the architect in charge of the first two master plans of Yonsei University, was one who had long practiced in New York and greatly admired the values of Asian architecture through a series of field trips to major Asian cities, including Beijing, Shanghai, Tokyo, and Seoul. While the 1917 master plan was in part influenced by the Western precedents, as well as ones from Japan and China some of which Murphy himself was involved in as a master architect the 1925 case deviates from it and illustrates multiple points of transformation that go beyond spatial symmetry and visual harmony. The 1925 one is marked by the rearranged spatial disposition and façade composition of dormitories and residential halls as influenced by the geographical peculiarities of Korea at that time. Long after the revision, the third, 2016, version illustrates the much expanded, triangular shape toward the south with added buildings and facilities, while the entombment area and other historical fragments in the upper part are well preserved. Hence, this article claims that the case of Yonsei University elicits the hybridization of missionary architectural practices and local Korean culture throughout the twentieth century, which is neither subsumed by the missionaries' imposition of design ideas nor bound by the authentically Korean tradition of design.
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Liu, Guiwen, Kehao Chen, Juan Huang, and Xun Deng. "Analysis of the Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity of Housing Prices’ Association in China: An Urban Agglomeration Perspective." Buildings 12, no. 7 (July 8, 2022): 972. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12070972.
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With the rise of urban agglomerations, regional divergence of China’s real estate market has gradually intensified. City-specialized policies have become the main emphasis for promoting the healthy development of the regional real estate market. By adopting a gravity model, social net-work analysis, and impulse response analysis, this paper examines the spatial-temporal heterogeneity of housing prices’ association in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration (BTH-UA), the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration (YRDUA), and the Pearl River Delta Urban Agglomeration (PRDUA), which are the most developed urban agglomerations in China. Meanwhile, the formation mechanism of the housing prices’ association network and spillover effect in urban agglomeration were theoretically analyzed. This paper found that (1) significant aggregation phenomena of housing prices were observed in the urban agglomerations; (2) characteristics of overall and individual networks were dynamically heterogeneous. In the BTHUA and the PRDUA, the associations of housing prices were polarized and sparse, while they were more linked and complex in the YRDUA; (3) polycentric network structure has been demonstrated in the urban agglomerations and the spillover effects of central cities varied in intensity and breadth on responding cities and persisted during the lag period. Accordingly, several policy recommendations have been made.
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Ji, Hui, Lewen Huang, Haoming Li, Jiangtao Zhang, Qinlong Jing, and Ji-Yu Deng. "A Comparative Study on Technical Standards for the Design of Emergency Medical Facilities in China in the Context of COVID-19." Buildings 12, no. 10 (September 21, 2022): 1502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12101502.
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The technical standards for the design and construction of emergency medical facilities play an important role in guiding the conversion of Fangcang shelter hospitals and the construction of emergency infectious disease hospitals and temporary facilities for medical quarantine and observation. However, due to the imperfections and superficialness of the current version of the existing technical standards, further improvement and optimization on the maturity and systematism are necessary. This paper presents an in-depth analysis and comparison on the detailed regulations and terms between the existing 11 sets of technical standards issued by the National Health Commission (NHC) and the provincial competent authorities of Hubei, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Hebei, Shandong and Beijing. The similarities, disparities and deficiencies of these technical standards are summarized. Then, the primary contents, including the site selection and architectural design, heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC), structural design, electricity intelligence, water supply and drainage, operation and maintenance, environmental health and safety, and fire protection, are analyzed in-depth from the view of infectious disease control and health safety. Furthermore, some critical principles related to the detailed terms of the architectural design, HVAC, electricity and water supply are concluded. Finally, some essential suggestions are proposed for the improvement and revision of these technical standards for better applications.
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Bo, Rui, Yu Shao, Yitong Xu, Yang Yu, Haibo Guo, and Wen-Shao Chang. "Research on the Relationship between Thermal Insulation Thickness and Summer Overheating Risk: A Case Study in Severe Cold and Cold Regions of China." Buildings 12, no. 7 (July 17, 2022): 1032. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12071032.
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Given the prediction of global warming, there is a growing concern about overheating in the severe cold and cold regions of China. In the past decades, indoor thermal comfort has been neglected in building practice, while efficiency-oriented improvements have been developed, such as increased insulation of building envelope. An extensive literature review shows contradictory conclusions about whether increased insulation can alleviate overheating. The aim of this research is to conduct simulations based on measured data to reveal the influence of insulation on overheating in dwellings in these regions of China. An unoccupied residential flat was monitored to determine the extent of overheating while eliminating the effects of other contributors, such as natural ventilation. Validated building performance simulations were carried out with altered insulation layer thickness in Integrated Environmental Solutions-Virtual Environment IESVE software to examine its influence on overheating during summertime in five representative cities. The results showed clear evidence of summer overheating in these regions. In Yichun, Harbin, Shenyang, Dalian and Beijing, walls with increased insulation were found to exacerbate overheating in the bedrooms without natural ventilation by 22.5%, 16.6%, 20.3%, 11.8% and 6.9%, respectively, compared to the uninsulated walls. This study provides useful information for building regulations on energy efficiency and thermal comfort.
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Hu, Hao, Fazhi Qi, Hongmei Zhang, Haolai Tian, and Qi Luo. "The design of a data management system at HEPS." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 28, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577520015167.
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According to the estimated data rates, it is predicted that 24 PB raw experimental data will be produced per month from 14 beamlines at the first stage of the High-Energy Photon Source (HEPS) in China, and the volume of experimental data will be even greater with the completion of over 90 beamlines at the second stage in the future. To make sure that the huge amount of data collected at HEPS is accurate, available and accessible, an effective data management system (DMS) is crucial for deploying the IT systems. In this article, a DMS is designed for HEPS which is responsible for automating the organization, transfer, storage, distribution and sharing of the data produced from experiments. First, the general situation of HEPS is introduced. Second, the architecture and data flow of the HEPS DMS are described from the perspective of facility users and IT, and the key techniques implemented in this system are introduced. Finally, the progress and the effect of the DMS deployed as a testbed at beamline 1W1A of the Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility are shown.
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Zhu, Lin, Huili Gong, Zhenxue Dai, Gaoxuan Guo, and Pietro Teatini. "Modeling 3-D permeability distribution in alluvial fans using facies architecture and geophysical acquisitions." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 21, no. 2 (February 3, 2017): 721–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-721-2017.
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Abstract. Alluvial fans are highly heterogeneous in hydraulic properties due to complex depositional processes, which make it difficult to characterize the spatial distribution of the hydraulic conductivity (K). An original methodology is developed to identify the spatial statistical parameters (mean, variance, correlation range) of the hydraulic conductivity in a three-dimensional (3-D) setting by using geological and geophysical data. More specifically, a large number of inexpensive vertical electric soundings are integrated with a facies model developed from borehole lithologic data to simulate the log10(K) continuous distributions in multiple-zone heterogeneous alluvial megafans. The Chaobai River alluvial fan in the Beijing Plain, China, is used as an example to test the proposed approach. Due to the non-stationary property of the K distribution in the alluvial fan, a multiple-zone parameterization approach is applied to analyze the conductivity statistical properties of different hydrofacies in the various zones. The composite variance in each zone is computed to describe the evolution of the conductivity along the flow direction. Consistently with the scales of the sedimentary transport energy, the results show that conductivity variances of fine sand, medium-coarse sand, and gravel decrease from the upper (zone 1) to the lower (zone 3) portion along the flow direction. In zone 1, sediments were moved by higher-energy flooding, which induces poor sorting and larger conductivity variances. The composite variance confirms this feature with statistically different facies from zone 1 to zone 3. The results of this study provide insights to improve our understanding on conductivity heterogeneity and a method for characterizing the spatial distribution of K in alluvial fans.
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Li, Zhixing, Yukai Zou, Mimi Tian, and Yuxi Ying. "Research on Optimization of Climate Responsive Indoor Space Design in Residential Buildings." Buildings 12, no. 1 (January 7, 2022): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12010059.
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This paper first analyzes the climate characteristics of five typical cities in China, including Harbin, Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen and Kunming. Then, based on Grasshopper, Ladybug and Honeybee analysis software, according to the indoor layout of typical residential buildings, this research extracts design parameters such as the depth and width of different rooms and their window-to-wall ratios etc., to establish a climate responsive optimization design process with indoor lighting environment comfort, with heating and cooling demand as the objective functions. Meanwhile, based on Monte Carlo simulation data, ANN (Artificial Neural Network) is used to establish a prediction model to analyze the sensitivity of interior design parameters under different typical cities’ climatic conditions. The study results show that the recommended values for the total width and total depth of indoor units under the climatic conditions of each city are both approximately 14.97 m and 7.88 m. Among them, under the climatic conditions of Harbin and Shenzhen, the design parameters of residential interiors can take the recommended value of UDI optimal or nZEB optimal. While the recommended values of window-to-wall ratios for the north bedroom, master bedroom and living room in Shanghai residential interiors are 0.26, 0.32 and 0.33, respectively. The recommended value of the window-to-wall ratio of the master bedroom in Kunming residences is 0.36, and that of the remaining rooms is between 0.15 and 0.18. The recommended values of window-to-wall ratios for the master bedroom and living room in Beijing residences are 0.41 and 0.59, respectively, and that for the remaining rooms are 0.15. The multi-objective optimization process based on parametric performance simulation used in the study can effectively assist architects in making energy-saving design decisions in the preliminary stage, allowing architects to have a case to follow in the actual design operation process.
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Al-qaness, Mohammed A. A., Abdelghani Dahou, Ahmed A. Ewees, Laith Abualigah, Jianzhu Huai, Mohamed Abd Elaziz, and Ahmed M. Helmi. "ResInformer: Residual Transformer-Based Artificial Time-Series Forecasting Model for PM2.5 Concentration in Three Major Chinese Cities." Mathematics 11, no. 2 (January 16, 2023): 476. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math11020476.
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Many Chinese cities have severe air pollution due to the rapid development of the Chinese economy, urbanization, and industrialization. Particulate matter (PM2.5) is a significant component of air pollutants. It is related to cardiopulmonary and other systemic diseases because of its ability to penetrate the human respiratory system. Forecasting air PM2.5 is a critical task that helps governments and local authorities to make necessary plans and actions. Thus, in the current study, we develop a new deep learning approach to forecast the concentration of PM2.5 in three major cities in China, Beijing, Shijiazhuang, and Wuhan. The developed model is based on the Informer architecture, where the attention distillation block is improved with a residual block-inspired structure from efficient networks, and we named the model ResInformer. We use air quality index datasets that cover 98 months collected from 1 January 2014 to 17 February 2022 to train and test the model. We also test the proposed model for 20 months. The evaluation outcomes show that the ResInformer and ResInformerStack perform better than the original model and yield better forecasting results. This study’s methodology is easily adapted for similar efforts of fast computational modeling.
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Reyes, Gary, Laura Lanzarini, Cesar Estrebou, and Aurelio Fernandez Bariviera. "Dynamic grouping of vehicle trajectories." Journal of Computer Science and Technology 22, no. 2 (October 17, 2022): e11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24215/16666038.22.e11.
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Vehicular traffic volume in large cities has increased in recent years, causing mobility problems; therefore,the analysis of vehicle flow data becomes a relevant research topic. Intelligent Transportation Systems monitor and control vehicular movements by collecting GPS trajectories, which provides the geographic location of vehicles in real time. Thus information is processed using clustering techniques to identify vehicular flow patterns. This work presents a methodologycapable of analyzing the vehicular flow in a given area, identifying speed ranges and keeping an interactivemap updated that facilitates the identification of possible traffic jam areas. The results obtained on threedata sets from the cities of Guayaquil-Ecuador, RomeItaly and Beijing-China are satisfactory and clearlyrepresent the speed of movement of the vehicles, automatically identifying the most representative ranges inreal time.
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Xu, Yitong, Rui Bo, Wen-Shao Chang, Haibo Guo, and Yu Shao. "The Use of Horizontal Shading Devices to Alleviate Overheating in Residential Buildings in the Severe Cold Region and Cold Region of China." Buildings 12, no. 4 (March 28, 2022): 408. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12040408.
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Global warming is resulting in higher summer indoor temperatures in the severe cold region and cold region of China, and this is affecting thermal comfort. Local building design codes consider these regions as cool in summer, and do not consider the phenomenon of overheating or propose countermeasures. This paper studied the possibility of overheating in residential buildings in these areas. It suggested alleviating this phenomenon using external horizontal shading, and discussed how to integrate thermal comfort into the building design and save energy consumption. The IESVE software was used to simulate 18-storey residential buildings with natural ventilation in Yichun, Harbin, Shenyang, Dalian, and Beijing, and to calculate the change in indoor operative temperature. Horizontal shading was designed for case study building to attempt to alleviate the overheating phenomenon in summer. The results showed that the case study building in the five cities experienced different degrees of overheating. External horizontal shading was successful in reducing indoor overheating, especially in the severe cold B and C zones and the cold A and B zones. The relevant building codes should be modified to take this into account. Reasonable design of horizontal shading can effectively reduce energy consumption, particularly when compared with air-conditioned buildings.
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Armel, Kaze. "Trilateral Cooperation." China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies 06, no. 03 (January 2020): 311–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2377740020500189.
Full textAbstract:
Over the years, China has forged and mastered its own distinctive foreign aid practices as an emerging aid donor. China’s approach to foreign assistance has become highly appreciated as the country’s stature as a provider of economic assistance has matured. In 2013, under President Xi Jinping, Beijing introduced the Belt and Road Initiative, which has become a leading component of China’s foreign policy and triggered a new round of policy reform in its foreign aid agenda. In Africa, China’s foreign assistance has kept in line with the policy of equal treatment. It has shared its development experience, helped many African countries to transition from “poor” to “developing”, from “aid recipients” to “wealth creators,” and many African countries are thus turning their interests from the West to the East. Certainly, the European Union as a traditional aid donor, remains the largest aid distributor in the world, especially in Africa. In other words, the EU’s foreign assistance has become an indispensable source of funding for many African countries. However, foreign aid effectiveness remains low on the African continent because of the absence of native African policymakers in aid programs designed and implemented by Beijing and Brussels. Some critics argue that Chinese and European assistance to Africa is not bringing about the best results as expected. This article argues that a new international architecture of foreign assistance through trilateral cooperation is needed to increase Chinese and European aid effectiveness in Africa. Trilateral cooperation will not only increase foreign assistance efficiency in Africa, but also give a chance to African countries to strengthen their own development capacity through assistance and guidance, reduce Africa’s aid dependence, and hopefully guarantee a smooth “graduation” of African countries from official development assistance.
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Wu, Chunsi, Keyu Gong, Chen Xue, and Ning Li. "Anticipating the Biden Doctrine for the Korean Peninsula." China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies 07, no. 02 (January 2021): 131–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2377740021500044.
Full textAbstract:
Since the Biden administration took office, its approach and strategy for domestic and foreign affairs have become the focus of global attention. The new administration’s policy toward the Korean Peninsula is one of the most heatedly debated subjects among policymakers and pundits. The past four years have seen major changes in regional security architecture, the most noticeable of which are dynamics on the Korean Peninsula and intensified China-U.S. strategic rivalry. In this context, a comprehensive overhaul of Mr. Trump’s approach to global affairs is expected under a Democratic administration staffed with foreign policy veterans, and the Korean Peninsula policy will be among the most consequential decisions for Biden’s White House. President Biden’s policy toward Pyongyang will be substantially different from Trump’s approach. A bottom-up, incremental model is likely to replace Trump’s personalized diplomacy marked by flashy summit meetings and “love letters.” Existing sanctions will be maintained until the Biden administration sees substantive results regarding the North’s nuclear and missile arsenal. While keeping up the pressure to coerce Pyongyang back to the negotiating table, President Biden is expected to respond more proactively to Kim Jong-un’s overtures or “provocations” and place a high premium on policy reciprocity. The Biden team will elevate the role of Seoul and Tokyo in its strategic planning and increase trilateral coordination and consultation. Stiff competition is more likely to hinder China-U.S. coordination on the Peninsula. The tone, substance, and results of diplomatic engagement between Beijing and Washington over the nuclear issue in the early days of the new administration will give a foretaste of what could ensue on the Peninsula. Positive initial interactions may generate broader implications for China-U.S. relations, regional stability, and global security at large.
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Yang, Guang, Yingli Xuan, and Zeng Zhou. "Influence of Building Density on Outdoor Thermal Environment of Residential Area in Cities with Different Climatic Zones in China—Taking Guangzhou, Wuhan, Beijing, and Harbin as Examples." Buildings 12, no. 3 (March 17, 2022): 370. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12030370.
Full textAbstract:
Outdoor wind and thermal environments in residential areas are greatly affected by the distance between buildings. A short distance is conducive to providing shade, and a long distance can enhance ventilation between buildings. In this study, four cities with different latitudes in China (Guangzhou, Wuhan, Beijing, and Harbin) were selected to research the relationship between the distance between buildings and thermal environments of residential areas. The results show that (1) when the distance between buildings is small, it is easier for wind paths to form. Wind paths can strengthen the wind velocity. When the distance between buildings exceeds 40–50 m, the building density is small, the building’s resistance to the wind becomes smaller and smaller, and the wind speed will gradually increase. (2) When the distance is in the range of 20–50 m, the MRT (mean radiant temperature) rise rate of each city is similar. For every 10 m increase in the distance between buildings, the MRT increases by about 1.25 °C. (3) D = 50 m (D/H = 1.19) is an inflection point. When D is less than 50 m, within the range of 20–50 m, the smaller the D is, the lower the SET* (standard effective temperature) is, while when D is more than 50 m, the opposite trend is observed.