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Journal articles on the topic 'Architecture and women'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 August 2024

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1

Ivanović-Vojvodić, Jelena, and Milena Zindović. "Women in architecture in Serbia." Tehnika 75, no. 4 (2020): 379–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/tehnika2003379i.

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This article presents women's work in architecture in Serbia since the beginning of the 20th century, until today. First part of the article is dedicated to the historical review of some of the important women architects and their work and accomplishments, based on the data gathered through the project Women in Architecture, which explores this topic since 2013. The second part of the article is a review of contemporary women's architectural production, since 1990. until today. Considering the large number of active women architects and their production, the valorization of the authors and work is based primarily on important professional awards received by women architects in the last 30 years. This review showcases the development of architecture in Serbia, as well as the important, although often neglected in academic circles, women's contribution and creativity in this field.

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2

Ockman, Joan, Sara Holmes Boutelle, and Peter Adam. "Two Women in Architecture." Journal of Architectural Education (1984-) 46, no. 1 (September 1992): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1425242.

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3

Ockman, Joan. "Two Women in Architecture." Journal of Architectural Education 46, no. 1 (September 1992): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10464883.1992.10734534.

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4

Prince, Nandi. "Women of Colour and Black Women Leaders are Underrepresented in Architectural Firms Featured in Key Trade Publications." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 17, no. 3 (September 19, 2022): 138–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/eblip30180.

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A Review of: Mathews, E. (2021). Representational belonging in collections: A comparative study of leading trade publications in architecture. Library Resources & Technical Services, 65(3). https://journals.ala.org/index.php/lrts/article/view/7486 Abstract Objective – To measure how well women are reflected, specifically women of colour, in architectural trade publications. Design – Quantitative diversity audit. Setting – Architecture field. Subjects – Architectural firms whose work appeared in four trade publications (Architectural Record, Architectural Review, l’Architecture d’Aujourd’hui, and Detail) in 2019. Methods – A diversity audit was selected to analyze the representation of various subsets of women within the architecture core collections. The Avery index was used to identify architectural firms featured in four trade publications. The quantitative study collected demographic data from 354 firms, featuring 726 women. Within these firms, the author sought to identify women leaders and how many of those were women of colour. The author then used four guiding questions to analyze the journals: (1) individual journals’ coverage; (2) size of the firm; (3) type of firm, and (4) firms which issued a statement in support of the Black Lives Matter Movement and the likelihood of a woman of colour being in a leadership role. Main Results – The key results for the studies guiding questions were: (1) the overall average of women leaders in the firms covered in the journals was 24% and for women of colour 6%. Architectural Record featured the highest proportion of firms with women in leadership roles (28%) and those with women of colour as leaders (9%); (2) women leadership was higher in smaller firms (large 24%; medium 20%; small 31%) as was women of colour in leadership (large 3%; medium 6%; small 9%); (3) insufficient data was found for meaningful analysis of the representation of women according to specialization within the architectural field; and (4) the firms that issued clear BLM statements were highest in the US (15%) overall. Architectural Record, a US publication, featured the highest percentage of firms that made clear BLM statements (27%). Conclusion – The study concluded that there was an underrepresentation of women, women of colour, and Black women in architectural trade publications. The author’s position is that collection development practices should adequately reflect the library users they serve with acquisition actions that increase a more equitable representation. The author stated that the practical implications for this study fall under the rubric of remediation in the following areas: (1) balance inequities in architectural programs by increasing enrollment of women; (2) identify collections which lack inclusivity, balance them with curated electronic resources; and (3) collection policies should reflect readership and encourage a sense of professional belonging. In future studies, the author acknowledges that a qualitative study based on responses from architects would complement the current study.

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5

Chernenko, A. A., and A. D. Stoianova. "LITTLE WOMEN IN BIG ARCHITECTURE." Regional problems of architecture and urban planning, no. 16 (December 23, 2022): 152–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31650/2707-403x-2022-16-152-158.

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The history of architecture knows a lot of man’s names. It’s not surprising, even though most of the history of worldly professions was occupied by the people themselves, but women didn’t have the right to take away the space and introduce such contagious places for us, like theaters, musical comedy and other kinds of controversy. The article bears the knowledge of the nature and reveals the role of women in the architecture of the New World, tells about historical turns that redevelop the development in this sphere. A gendered approach is first traced to Jane Jacobs' book The Death and Life of Great American Cities, where she criticizes modernist urban planners for cultivating «male experience» or «male ways of life» while disassociating vital functions of the city. In contrast to men's daily practices, the traditional «women's experience» in public spheres includes a significant share of the private sphere: housekeeping, shopping, raising children, caring for the elderly and the sick. Today, the situation in the world favors gender equality, at least when it comes to choosing professions and positions. At the Faculty of Architecture, more girls are entering universities all over the world. However, the way their career develops afterwards is alarming. It is difficult for a woman to combine her personal life and work as an architect, so few manage to apply the knowledge gained at the university in practice. This is also confirmed by the figures of the Federal Chamber of Architects (Bundesarchitektenkammer): in 2016, the share of female architects in the field of construction and freelance employees was approximately one fifth. Among city planners, the share of women is only nine percent. Since the 20th century, small women have taken a big step in the contribution of world architecture, confidently moving forward according to new world trends.

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Pimienta, Laura Astrid Villarreal, and Carlos Ríos Llamas. "Architectural Space and the Oppression of Women in Mexican Houses." Journal of Building Technology 5, no. 1 (February 22, 2023): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32629/jbt.v5i1.1132.

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Among the borders separating men and women, architecture occupies a primary role on the reproduction of inequalities and tensions, by assigning roles and users to different spaces. Often, the studies focus on inequalities between men and women in the field of architecture; others have chosen an historical approach to reveal the participation of women in the history of art and architecture. However, it is also important to explore the gender differences inhabiting architectural spaces. Architecture reproduces and reconfigures subjectivities through asymmetries in symbolic space. This paper introduces the discussion on women and the structures of domination expressed in contemporary architectural work and its material realm. Two examples of housing design in Mexico are reviewed and analyzed, pointing at different ways in which men and women think, use and represent their daily spaces. The analysis is structured on a double component: the lived space and the typology of the dwelling. Then, a series of questions are established about the relationships between dwelling, the way of thinking and living of women, as well as the hierarchical and patriarchal horizon with the one that designs and builds the domestic spaces of contemporary Mexico.

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7

Pinzón, Ana María, and Andrea J. Merrett. "dearq 20: Women in architecture." Dearq, no. 20 (July 2017): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.18389/dearq20.2017.00a.

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8

Leavitt, Jacqueline, Ellen Perry Berkeley, and Matilda McQuaid. "Architecture: A Place for Women." Journal of Architectural Education (1984-) 44, no. 4 (August 1991): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1425146.

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9

Seeber, Karin. "Women, Modernity, and Landscape Architecture." Journal of Landscape Architecture 11, no. 1 (January 2, 2016): 94–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/18626033.2016.1144694.

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10

Pérez-Moreno, Lucía C., and Patrícia Santos Pedrosa. "Women Architects on the Road to an Egalitarian Profession—The Portuguese and Spanish Cases." Arts 9, no. 1 (March 23, 2020): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts9010040.

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The 1970s was a key decade in the path towards democracy in the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal and Spain suffered deep social, cultural and political changes, with Salazar’s and Franco’s Totalitarian Regimes ending in 1974 and 1975 respectively. In both countries, located side-by-side in the Western end of Southern Europe, democracy was finally established, marking a turning point in the liberties of all Iberian citizens, but especially in regard to women’s life and work. As the Editorial of the Special Issue ‘Becoming a Gender Equity Democracy: Women and Architecture Practice in Spain and Portugal’, this text aims to briefly present this panorama to appreciate the particularities of Portugal and Spain in relation with the delay incorporation of women to the architecture profession. It explains the gender stereotypes of Salazar’s and Franco’s Regime in order to understand the discrimination against women that they produced and how it maintained women far from the architecture profession. Therefore, it provides useful data on the incorporation of women into architectural studies in order to understand the feminization of this gendered profession in both countries. This Special Issue aims to create an opportunity for researchers and scholars to present discussions and ongoing research on how democracy affected women that wanted to practice architecture as well as architectural analysis of women architects.

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Muxí, Zaida, and Daniela Arias Laurino. "Filling History, Consolidating the Origins. The First Female Architects of the Barcelona School of Architecture (1964–1975)." Arts 9, no. 1 (February 25, 2020): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts9010029.

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After Francisco Franco’s death, the process of democratisation of public institutions was a key factor in the evolution of the architectural profession in Spain. The approval of the creation of neighbourhood associations, the first municipal governments, and the modernisation of Spanish universities are some examples of this. Moreover, feminist and environmental activism from some parts of Spanish society was relevant for socio-political change that affected women in particular. The last decade of Franco’s Regime coincided with the first generation of women that graduated from the Barcelona School of Architecture (ETSAB). From 1964 to 1975, 73 female students graduated as architects—the first one was Margarita Brender Rubira (1919–2000) who validated her degree obtained in Romania in 1962. Some of these women became pioneers in different fields of the architectural profession, such as Roser Amador in architectural design, Alrun Jimeno in building technologies, Anna Bofill in urban design and planning, Rosa Barba in landscape architecture or Pascuala Campos in architectural design, and teaching with gender perspective. This article presents the contributions of these women to the architecture profession in relation to these socio-political advances. It also seeks—through the life stories, personal experiences, and personal visions on professional practice—to highlight those ‘other stories’ that have been left out of the hegemonic historiography of Spanish architecture.

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12

Islam, Sk Zohirul. "Women Empowerment through Muslim Architecture Which Built by Name of them in Bangladesh during Mediaeval Period: A Preliminary Survey Report." American Economic & Social Review 3, no. 1 (November 10, 2018): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/aesr.v3i1.195.

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There are many Muslim architectures built by women patron which called Bibi/Begum in Bangladesh during mediaeval period as Binat Bibi Mosque architecture at Dhaka. It mentioned women's contribution financially. This research paper is trying to show women empowerment through architecture which built by name in Bangladesh during mediaeval era. It is a preliminary qualitative survey report and tries to understand how housewives inspired to makes/commissioned for constructing monuments. Besides, what was the position of them in the Royal court or their society as well as Bibi/Begum contribution in mediaeval Muslim mosque architecture of Bengal and by name monuments of tomb architecture formation?

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13

Davidi, Sigal. "By women for women: modernism, architecture, and gender in building the new Jewish society in Mandatory Palestine." Architectural Research Quarterly 20, no. 3 (September 2016): 217–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135516000452.

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This article explores issues of gender and modern architecture in Mandatory Palestine in the context of 1920s and 1930s modernism. Women architects, newly immigrated from Germany, collaborated with WIZO, Women's International Zionist Organisation, in building Domestic Science and Agriculture training schools for Jewish immigrant women in the country. WIZO adopted the concept of the modern domestic sphere, particularly the rational kitchen, believing that a modern and efficient household will benefit women and society as a whole. Thus, their planned schools were to be modern both in appearance and in their built-up space: rational, airy and full of light. The women architects who studied and worked in Germany prior to their immigration, emphasised these modernist concepts in their design. These early ambitious architectural achievements by women for women were unique in the context of modernism and helped structure the national identity of the ‘New re-formed domestic woman’ in Mandatory Palestine.

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14

Heynen, Hilde, and Lucía Pérez-Moreno. "Narrating Women Architects’ Histories. Paradigms, Dilemmas, and Challenges." arq.urb, no. 35 (December 14, 2022): 110–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.37916/arq.urb.vi35.635.

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Women studies in architecture have been inspired by different ways of thinking, which can be summarized in four ‘paradigms’: difference thinking, equality thinking, constructionist thinking and intersectionalist thinking. By revising seminal books, articles and exhibitions, this paper explores the historiographical dilemmas and challenges that narrating women architects’ histories involves, focusing on two of the most relevant ones: the question of authorship and the canonical understanding of the architecture as the design of new architectural objects. The paper discusses the impact of women studies in art on the methodologies used in narrating women architects, but also presents the differences that should be taken into account when exploring the work of women artist and architects.

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15

Simpson, Pamela H., and Clare Lorenz. "Women in Architecture, a Contemporary Perspective." Woman's Art Journal 12, no. 2 (1991): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1358293.

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16

Sánchez de Madariaga, Inés. "Women in architecture: the Spanish case." Urban Research & Practice 3, no. 2 (June 2, 2010): 203–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17535069.2010.481377.

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17

Steffens, Ashley, Ebru Özer, Charlene LeBleu, and Hala Nassar. "Status of Women in Landscape Architecture." Landscape Journal 43, no. 1 (May 2024): 107–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/lj.43.1.107.

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18

Sahney, Puja. "Producing Sacred Space in Secular Kitchens: South Asian Immigrant Women’s Hindu Shrines in American Domestic Architecture." Special Issue - Storied Spaces: Renewing Folkloristic Perspectives on Vernacular Architecture 90-91 (April 29, 2021): 24–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1076796ar.

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This paper demonstrates the processes of spatial production achieved through the setup of a home shrine by newly arrived Hindu immigrant women inside American houses, particularly the kitchens. By focusing on the home shrine, the paper uses a gendered lens through which to understand vernacular architecture, since women often garner greater control over domestic objects and interiors than they do over construction of buildings. I propose that production of sacred space, achieved through domestic objects like home shrines, is a fluid process. Its location in the house can be more easily changed from one place to another. Compared to the permanent construction of buildings, this compliancy of form may appear less concrete for providing objective architectural analysis. However, I suggest that it is the opposite. The flexibility involved in women’s production process makes room for greater spatial negotiation and demonstrates the diversity of ways concrete domestic architecture is maneuvered to satisfy women’s religious needs over time. Further, the paper demonstrates the wide array of complex decisions that women have to make regarding body movements in the house and worship practices, achieved through material intervention, that speak of domestic architecture in less static and more dynamic ways. By tracing women’s experiences with domestic architecture as new arrivals in the country, and later, as permanent residents, the paper foregrounds women’s strong architectural contributions through the use of domestic objects that enable a gendered and consequently a more inclusive approach to the study of architectural space.

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19

Treep, Lucy. "Part of the Landscape." Architectural History Aotearoa 19 (December 13, 2022): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/aha.v19i.8051.

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In 1969, Lincoln College (later University) opened a two-year postgraduate course in Landscape Architecture, the first of its kind in New Zealand. It was described as "for those who seek employment as professional landscape designers in private consulting practice or as members of planning teams in departments concerned with major engineering projects, highways, forestry, conservation and large-scale agricultural development." The college was seen to actively encourage women into the profession and from the first days of the course at Lincoln, women were part of the landscape. On March 3, 1969, Emily Mulligan was one of five founder students attending the first lecture of this new course. After Mulligan graduated in 1971, she was joined, in 1974, by Di Lucas, Diane Menzies and Esmae Sage, and not long after then, women started to regularly fill about half of each Landscape Architecture class. In comparison, the first woman student at the Auckland College School of Architecture, Laura Cassels-Browne, enrolled in 1926, nine years after the establishment of the school. The first woman graduate of the School of Architecture was Merle Greenwood in 1933, 16 years after the school's establishment. Even in the 1960s and 70s women architecture students (who still made up small numbers) reported feeling uncertain of their welcome into the profession. Drawing on conversation with Emily Mulligan (now Williams), this paper will explore the nature of the landscape course at Lincoln, in what ways women students were encouraged in its early days, and the relationship of the course with the wider profession.

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20

Smith, Laura Katz. "The International Archive of Women in Architecture:." Art Reference Services Quarterly 1, no. 2 (January 14, 1993): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j102v01n02_08.

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21

Delman, Rachel M. "Women, art and architecture in Renaissance Europe." Renaissance Studies 34, no. 3 (June 3, 2019): 493–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/rest.12597.

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22

Stav, Kobi, Meny Alcalay, Smadar Peleg, Arie Lindner, Gabriela Gayer, and Israel Hershkovitz. "Pelvis Architecture and Urinary Incontinence in Women." European Urology 52, no. 1 (July 2007): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2006.12.026.

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23

Mattogno, Claudia. "Good News: Women in Architecture." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 83, no. 2 (June 1, 2024): 258–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2024.83.2.258.

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24

Hultzsch, Anne. "Other Practices: Gendering Histories of Architecture." ZARCH, no. 18 (September 2, 2022): 30–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.26754/ojs_zarch/zarch.2022186968.

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“To write women back into history”, is an often-used phrase in recent feminist discourse. More and more scholars work to increase the visibility of those women who took charge of design projects in the recent and not so recent past. While crucial, such efforts are, in the paradox way of how privilege works, to an extent counterproductive: presenting these women (and other, historically marginalised figures) as exceptions from the rule – as eccentric trailblazers - implies the majority of their female (or Black, indigenous, queer, other ...) contemporaries had no influence within (white, male) architectural practices. This position paper argues that we also need to look for other practices that enabled women (and others) in greater numbers to gain agency. Writing is one such practice: the recording of experience, critiques, and instructions to appropriate the designed, ascribing meaning to architectures and landscapes. Locating architectural agency in a practice that, while presuming some privilege, was much more open to marginalised groups than that of the architect, enables us to look at the past more inclusively: to write gendered histories that open up spaces for those that were there, in fact.

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25

Silberring, Jerzy. "WOMEN PAINTERS AND ARCHITECTURAL MOTIFS; FROM RENAISSANCE TO MODERN TIMES." Space&FORM 2024, no. 57 (May 13, 2024): 243–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21005/pif.2024.57.e-01.

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From Villa Benedetti in Rome to the UNESCO headquarters in Paris, architecture created by women is an important contribution to the development of this field. Participation of women in various areas was limited up to the beginning of 20th century, and their works and achievements are still overlooked or attributed to men (Gingeras 2022). This material is dedicated to women painters, with emphasis on architectural motifs in their artwork. The article is a continuation of the earlier paper "Architectural motifs in painting, selected issues" Space and Form (2023) 55, covering period from the Renaissance to modern times.

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26

McCarthy, Christine. "Architectural style spreads its wings: New Zealand Architecture in the 1880s." Architectural History Aotearoa 10 (February 14, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/aha.v10i.7306.

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The 1880s was a period in New Zealand of economic depression. It caused "unemployment, family distress, ragged children and exploited women workers, general business collapse, a crash in the property market, a ten-year banking crisis, bankruptcies and unstable ministries." But despite this Hodgson identifies this period in New Zealand's architectural history as one when: "Architectural style ... started to spread its wings and this period contains some fine examples of building design which was definitely out of the mainstream."

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27

Mathews, Emilee. "A comparison of women role models in architecture firms featured in Architectural Record and Architectural Review." Art Libraries Journal 47, no. 4 (October 2022): 84–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/alj.2022.16.

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How are women represented, specifically women of colour, in architecture library collections? I focus on two major trade periodicals to find out: Architectural Review (a British publication) and Architectural Record (American). I analyse firms highlighted in these periodicals in 2019, researching the proportion of women in leadership per each featured company. I compare against demographic and occupational statistics in the respective countries to see if these periodicals accurately represent the field, or further reinforce antiquated notions. My findings suggest that who the periodicals highlight is roughly proportionate or more diverse than the field itself, but the field continues to mostly represent white men as successful architects. Library collections reify that notion. In order to decentre the monolithic nature of many library collections, I further suggest approaches to increasing diversity based on my own initiatives.

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28

Hildayanti, Andi. "ANALOGI PEREMPUAN DALAM PERKEMBANGAN ARSITEKTUR VERNAKULAR DI SULAWESI SELATAN." Pepatudzu : Media Pendidikan dan Sosial Kemasyarakatan 18, no. 2 (November 30, 2022): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.35329/fkip.v18i2.3037.

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In the vernacular architecture development, the female body size has been used as a basis for determining the room size in the building. The existing forms appreciation manifested in domain forms, space functions, materials, and ornaments. The female gender elements, both in terms of body anatomy and special room, are applied as a form of reflection the traditional identity house. One of the traditional houses that applies gender roles as an architectural philosophy is the Karampuang Traditional House which is located in Sinjai Regency, South Sulawesi. This study discusses the role of women as the basis for the philosophy and architectural symbolism of the Karampuang Traditional House. The analytical method used is descriptive analysis interpretation based on the architectural components found in the Karampuang house data. The results showed that complexity of female gender which cannot be separated from the nature of women and the history of Karampuang where the first person to build and prosper Karampuang is a woman. The use and placement of symbols on parts and ornaments of the house represents the female body anatomy. The female gender is more dominant in the traditional Karampuang house. Aspects based on gender in the Karampuang traditional house are influenced by the history believed by the community, and female gender elements both in terms of body anatomy, as well as a special room for women are applied in their traditional houses. In the context of preserving traditional houses and regional culture, especially in Karampuang, serious attention is needed both by the people themselves and by the government in an effort to protect, maintain, and maintain the uniqueness of Karampuang architecture.

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Haqsaleh, Afied Dien, and Ashadi Ashadi. "STUDY OF FEMINISM ARCHITECTURE CONCEPT IN MUSEUM BUILDING "THE SOLOMON R GUGGENHEIM MUSEUM IN AMERICA US"." Journal of Development and Integrated Engineering 1, no. 1 (June 29, 2021): 13–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/jodie.v1i1.34217.

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Abstract: A study of the concept of feminist architecture in the Solomon R Guggenheim Museum building. In the past, an understanding held by society regarding sex differences between men and women affected control, where women were not given freedom, power and rights completely different from men who could do anything and be anything. In the world of architecture, feminism is present as part of post-modern architecture because of the saturation of modern buildings that occur. studies the concept of Feminist Architecture at the Solomon R Guggenheim Museum in New York, America, which is considered to have approached the principles of feminist architecture in its buildings and the method to be used is descriptive qualitative. The author needs to do research on the concept of Feminism Architecture in order to know its true characteristics. From the research results, it is concluded that the case study of the building that has been studied is the Feminist Architecture approach and applies it and among them is having the form of a building that resembles the shape of items used by women, the shape of the building has arches reflecting the woman's body, there is a division of space as a divider between women and men, as well as the use of colors in buildings or interiors that match the preferences of women. Keywords: Architecture, Architecture Feminism, Feminism, Solomon R Guggenheim Museum, Women.

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So, John. "The Origin of Korean Church Architecture." Religion and the Arts 23, no. 3 (June 10, 2019): 217–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685292-02303002.

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Abstract This article examines the characteristics of Korean church architecture from the perspective of the hanok (the traditional Korean house). Previously, Western commentators criticized Korean church architecture as not reflecting a theological ideology and lacking a consistent architectural style. However, examining Korean church architecture through the lens of Western church architecture does not allow for the adequate appreciation or understanding of this form. This study, therefore, considers the development of Korean churches through an examination of the hanok, including floor plans, the concept of spatial expansion, and attitudes toward daylight. In addition, gender-based seating arrangements, the horizontal extension of space, and windows that admit horizontal daylight also reflect common aspects of the hanok. Beyond showing how a distinctly Korean church architecture developed over time, these characteristics also demonstrate the central role of women and the congregation in Korean churches, in contrast to the clergy-centric design of Western churches.

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Michael, Michael, and Priscilla Epifania Ariaji. "DESAIN PROTOTIPE PENJARA PEREMPUAN DENGAN PENDEKATAN RETHINKING TYPOLOGY DAN ARSITEKTUR EMPATI." Jurnal Sains, Teknologi, Urban, Perancangan, Arsitektur (Stupa) 5, no. 2 (October 31, 2023): 1067–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/stupa.v5i2.24256.

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Women Prison Architecture is the design and structure of a prison building specifically intended to hold female prisoners. Women's prisons are designed with the special needs, security and welfare of female prisoners in mind. Women's prisons in Indonesia have various problems, especially the physical environment that has not followed the standards so that the conditions of this prison become less humane for women prisoners. This phenomenon of problems occurs due to a lack of empathy and understanding of the definition of punishment towards the needs of women in Indonesia. Empathy is an integral part of architecture, because without empathy in the design process it can lead to architectural design failures that can reduce the quality of life of building users. This paper discusses the design of a prototype women's prison with a rethinking typology and empathy architecture approach. The first step of Rethinking Typology of women's prisons by dissecting each element of the typology of women's prisons based on the needs of women prisoners and the next step is completed through; programming; configuration of a new typology of women's prison architecture. The purpose of this Rethinking Typology is to produce a prototype of a women's prison that meets the standards and needs of women today. The new prototype emphasizes humanitarian standards and the needs of women. The new prototype is designed to respond to nature in order to create a healthy atmosphere for women prisoners. The surveillance system utilizes anti-authoritarian principles through the use of technology to create a non-intimidating prison environment. The design is also supported by re-empowering architectural programming so that women prisoners can be productive while in prison. This prototype can provide a balance of conducive living spaces that can help encourage women prisoners in the recovery or rehabilitation process for reintegration into the community. Keywords: empathic architecture; prison prototype; rethinking typology; women prison architecture; women prisoners Abstrak Arsitekur Penjara Perempuan merupakan sebuah desain dan struktur bangunan penjara yang ditujukan khusus untuk menahan tahanan perempuan. Penjara perempuan dirancang dengan mempertimbangkan kebutuhan, keamanan, dan kesejahteraan khusus dari narapidana perempuan. Penjara perempuan di Indonesia memiliki berbagai permasalahan terutama permasalahan lingkungan fisik yang sudah tidak mengikuti standar sehingga kondisi penjara ini menjadi kurang manusiawi terhadap narapidana perempuan. Fenomena permasalahan ini terjadi dikarenakan oleh kurangnya empati dan pemahaman mengenai definisi hukuman terhadap kebutuhan perempuan di Indonesia. Empati merupakan sebuah bagian yang tidak terpisahkan dari arsitektur, karena tanpa adanya empati dalam proses perancangan dapat mengakibatkan kegagalan desain arsitektur yang dapat menurunkan kualitas kehidupan pengguna bangunannya. Tulisan ini membahas tentang desain prototipe penjara perempuan dengan pendekatan rethinking typology dan arsitektur empati. Langkah pertama dari Rethinking Typology penjara perempuan dengan cara membedah setiap elemen tipologi penjara perempuan berdasarkan kebutuhan narapidana perempuan dan langkah selanjutnya penyelesaian melalui; penyusunan program; konfigurasi tipologi arsitektur penjara perempuan baru. Tujuan dari Rethinking Typology ini untuk menghasilkan sebuah prototipe penjara perempuan yang memenuhi standar dan kebutuhan perempuan masa kini. Prototipe baru ini menekankan pada standar kemanusiaan dan kebutuhan perempuan. Prorotipe baru ini didesain agar merespon alam agar dapat menciptakan atmosfer yang sehat bagi narapidana perempuan. Sistem pengawasan yang digunakan dengan prinsip anti-otoriter melalui penggunaan teknologi sehingga dapat menciptakan suatu lingkungan penjara yang tidak mengintimidasi. Desain ini didukung juga oleh pemrograman arsitektur yang dapat memberdayakan kembali sehingga narapidana perempuan menjadi produktif ketika berada di dalam penjara. Prototipe ini dapat memberikan sebuah keseimbangan ruang hidup kondusif yang dapat membantu mendorong narapidana perempuan dalam proses pemulihan atau rehabilitasi untuk integrasi kembali ke lingkungan masyarakat.

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Gutiérrez-Monroy, Tania. "Bodies, Shawls, and Train Cars: Women and the Traveling Homes of the Mexican Revolution." Buildings & Landscapes: Journal of the Vernacular Architecture Forum 30, no. 1-2 (September 2023): 36–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bdl.2023.a911883.

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abstract: This article examines the ephemeral architectures and the place-making practices of the women in charge of building the mobile dwellings of military columns during the early twentieth-century Mexican Revolution. During this decade-long civil war, federal and rebel armies mobilized throughout Mexico and were heavily dependent on the services provided by the crowds of working-class women who traveled with them. Better known as soldaderas , these camp followers cared for the daily necessities of cooking, laundry, and health care for soldiers, while also creating ephemeral dwellings for the military columns. These domestic settings developed cyclically in a process of building, using, dismantling, transporting, and building anew. Two different artifacts remained constant and central to the building and rebuilding work of soldaderas: the train car and the shawl. This article analyzes how they worked in tandem with the bodies of soldaderas to produce a domestic architecture in need of constant rebuilding, a domestic architecture whose contingent transformation meaningfully fused the fabrication process and its material malleability. Losing its unity and fixity, this architecture unfolded in a series of domestic and material practices that were no longer contained in a single site and moment.

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Way, T. "Early Social Agendas of Women in Landscape Architecture." Landscape Journal 25, no. 2 (January 1, 2006): 187–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/lj.25.2.187.

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Meder, I., and U. Krippner. "VIENNESE JEWISH WOMEN IN HORTICULTURE AND GARDEN ARCHITECTURE." Acta Horticulturae, no. 881 (November 2010): 1075–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2010.881.180.

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Yucel, Sebnem. "Feminist practices: interdisciplinary approaches to women in architecture." Gender, Place & Culture 19, no. 4 (August 2012): 552–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0966369x.2012.693762.

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Wendl, Nora. "Review: The Women Who Changed Architecture." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 82, no. 2 (June 1, 2023): 222–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2023.82.2.222.

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Wasilah, Wasilah, and Andi Andi Hildayanti. "ARCHITECTURAL PERSPECTIVE OF GENDER ROLE IN DIGITAL ERA." JURNAL SIPAKALEBBI 4, no. 1 (July 1, 2020): 243–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24252/jsipakallebbi.v4i1.14488.

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Many influential architects—many of them female—have been able to change how the world sees architectural design and the built environment. Their works are masterpieces that have not only been able to transform how the world understands architecture, but have also forefronted gender equality. This study thus seeks to forefront the building design of female architects who have influenced world civilization. Using a case study method, this research explains the architectural flow adopted by women architects, as well as the function, design, and characteristics of their works. It shows that women such as Julia Morgan, Zaha Hadid, and Norma Merrick Sklarek have been able to balance and inform urban development around the world, providing role models for young female architects in the digital era . Publication Rationale: We desire to show that gender equality exists in the world of architecture, and that the works of female architects have been able to influence world civilization.

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Ruudi, Ingrid. "Adopting or Dodging the Heroic Model: Professional Trajectories of Estonian Women Architects." Folklore: Electronic Journal of Folklore 92 (April 2024): 73–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.7592/fejf2024.92.ruudi.

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The article focuses on gender-specific experiences of Estonian women architects in the late Soviet and post-Soviet Estonia. Architecture has been, and to a great extent still remains, a rather masculinist field, adhering to an image of heroic individualist creative genius and supporting a very demanding and uncompromising work culture. These preconceptions often make it complicated to forge different career paths or to appreciate alternative or more cooperational modes of practice. The article asks if and to what extent the unwritten rules and prejudices have affected Estonian women architects’ experiences in studying architecture, establishing their careers, combining the responsibilities of professional and private lives, and building up their image as (women) designers in a general sense. Based on in-depth interviews with 16 professional architects aged 33–92, the article also highlights the differences and similarities of practising architecture as a woman in the Soviet and post-Soviet social and economic contexts, mapping them onto findings of international feminist research in the context of both Western Europe and the former Eastern Bloc. Additionally, the article refers to the productive possibilities of oral history as a method to complement and challenge the conventional architecture historical writing as well as the intersubjective character of the narratives thus constructed.

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Cintya, Siti Rahmah, and Dina Fatimah. "THE CONCEPT OF FEMINISM IN THE INTERIOR SPACE OF WOMEN SPECIAL FITNESS CENTERS." Proceeding of International Conference on Business, Economics, Social Sciences, and Humanities 7, no. 1 (July 1, 2024): 788–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.34010/icobest.v7i.591.

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The purpose of this research is to review the concept of feminist architecture in fitness facilities specifically for women. Women's fitness or gyms facilities are becoming increasingly relevant in the era of health and fitness awareness, women's gyms are facilities that provide fitness services that are tailored to the needs and preferences of women. The study reviewed the concept of feminism in women's fitness facilities. The research methods used are qualitative methods with descriptive analysis approaches, with data collection techniques through observations, interviews, and literature studies. Therefore, through this research will be presented findings that show that women's fitness facilities have some characteristics of feminism architecture, among others the clear distribution of space between private and public spaces, fine and unrigid architectural punches by playing curved fields, the use of colors and ornaments that depict the feministic nature of femininity, as well as the provision of facilities that support the comfort and safety of women

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Velasco, Sherry. "Surveilling Gender through Architecture and Urbanism in Early Modern Spanish-Algerian Spaces." Letras Femeninas 42, no. 2 (November 1, 2016): 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.14321/letrfeme.42.2.0063.

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Abstract Influenced by feminist perspectives on urban and architectural studies, this essay examines the relationship between premodern Muslim urbanism and gendered relations, an issue that has received little attention in Hispanic cultural studies to date. This discussion will center on two particular features of domestic architecture and city planning typical of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Algiers: the location and nature of street-facing windows and the communicable rooftops. Focusing primarily on Christian writers such as Antonio de Sosa, Miguel de Cervantes, and Lope de Vega, Velasco explores how their accounts document the ways in which women in Algiers could find unexpected and illicit ways of turning the high windows and the communicable rooftops to their advantage. Despite the constraints presented by an urban design and domestic architecture intended to segregate the sexes and control behavior, women in early modern Algiers (many of whom were recent immigrants from Spain) found ways to utilize their built environment to observe and navigate the world around them, gain access to a public domain commonly reserved for men, and sustain networks with other women in ways that might bypass traditional spatial, social, and personal restrictions and limitations. Through female-only gatherings and other forms of camaraderie that made use of traditional Islamic urbanism, Muslim women in Algiers found ways to challenge long-standing dichotomies of male/female, public/private, interior/exterior, visible/hidden, and chaste/lustful.

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McNEILL, KAREN. "Julia Morgan: Gender, Architecture, and Professional Style." Pacific Historical Review 76, no. 2 (May 1, 2007): 229–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2007.76.2.229.

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Architect Julia Morgan (1872-1957) cultivated a professional style that enabled her to exert authority in a male-dominated profession. This article focuses on three aspects of that style: her costume, her relationship to the media, and her downtown San Francisco offi ce. Rather than a shy woman who sought anonymity, Morgan was a savvy professional with a strong gender consciousness who actively sought success and shaped her own destiny. Her story provides insight into the history of women in the professions and the gendered landscape of the Progressive Era city. Since Julia Morgan left behind few words regarding her social views, professional intentions, or architectural philosophy, this article is also an interdisciplinary exercise that investigates the intersection of biography, material culture, gender, and the built environment.

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Sherriff, Clare. "Arnold Mitchell (1863–1944): ‘Fecundity’ and ‘Versatility’ in an Early Twentieth-Century Architect." Architectural History 55 (2012): 199–235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0066622x00000101.

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The architectural historian Roderick Gradidge, referring to the 1900s, wrote that ‘in architecture there have never been such opportunities for younger men as there were at the turn of the century’. Arnold Mitchell is an architect typical of those who took advantage of such opportunities, a man (women were yet to have the chance) who saw the economic and aesthetic potential for new architecture, both nationally and internationally. Understanding the nature of architectural practice should not be reliant solely upon knowledge of the stellar architects of any given period. It depends upon integrating others, one or two rungs down the ladder but who achieved success in their own sphere, into the corpus examined, in order to achieve a fuller understanding of the profession.

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Hayden, Dolores, and Robert G. Kennedy. "Architecture, Men, Women and Money in America, 1600-1860." Journal of American History 73, no. 3 (December 1986): 729. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1902999.

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Eaton, Leonard K., and Roger G. Kennedy. "Architecture, Men, Women and Money in America 1600-1860." Technology and Culture 29, no. 3 (July 1988): 695. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3105306.

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Humphreys, R. Stephen. "Women as Patrons of Religious Architecture in Ayyubid Damascus." Muqarnas 11 (1994): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1523208.

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Shahtaheri, Seyed Mohsen, Jean E. Aaron, David R. Johnson, and David W. Purdie. "Changes in trabecular bone architecture in women during pregnancy." BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 106, no. 5 (May 1999): 432–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1999.tb08296.x.

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Lucy Fischer. "City of Women: Busby Berkeley, Architecture, and Urban Space." Cinema Journal 49, no. 4 (2010): 111–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cj.2010.0008.

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Schoffel, Sarah. "WOMEN IN ARCHITECTURE IN VICTORIA FROM 1930 TO 1960." Architectural Theory Review 1, no. 1 (April 1996): 104–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13264829609478266.

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Reese, Laurie. ""THAT EXCEPTIONAL ONE": WOMEN IN AMERICAN ARCHITECTURE 1888–1988." Art Documentation: Journal of the Art Libraries Society of North America 8, no. 3 (October 1989): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/adx.8.3.27948115.

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Rastelli, F. "O4.19: Muscle strength and architecture in obese older women." European Geriatric Medicine 5 (September 2014): S78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1878-7649(14)70172-x.

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