Relevant bibliographies by topics / Architecture and state – China – Beijing

Academic literature on the topic 'Architecture and state – China – Beijing'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Architecture and state – China – Beijing"

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Castilla, Manuel V. "The Cultural Heritage of Architectural Linear Perspective: The Mural Paintings in Nantang Church." Heritage 4, no. 3 (August 13, 2021): 1773–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage4030099.

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This paper presents a contextual use of the innovative drawing techniques that involved architecture and painting in the Qing court during the first half of the eighteenth century. At this point architectural linear perspective in painting (quadratura) and stage design had become common fields of experimentation for the Chinese and Jesuit artists missionaries. In this conceptual context, Western quadratura was developed in China by Giovanni Gherardini. (1655–1729), and especially by Giuseppe Castiglione (1688–1766), who is remembered as an extraordinarily versatile architect–painter. The focus of this paper is on the “illusory mural paintings of architectural perspective in Nantang Church” (Beijing), which has now disappeared, and which spread the influence of the Western Renaissance. The imported Western linear perspective and the fundamentals of architectural drawing facilitated the systematization and dissemination of the quadratura as an unknown technique in China. Based on the text described by the contemporary scholar Yao Yuan Zhi, an original interpretation of the architectural perspective mural paintings in Nantang Church is proposed. These paintings provide an important case study of Sino-European collaboration in the eighteenth century from different points of view: the representation of the light in drawings and the fact that the concept of shadow in some respects was unknown to the Chinese artist.
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Averianov, Serhii. "Security aspect of Asean-China relations in South-East Asia." Bulletin of Mariupol State University. Series: History. Political Studies 10, no. 28-29 (2020): 133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.34079/2226-2830-2020-10-28-29-133-143.

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The article analyzes the the People's Republic of China (PRC) influence on the activities of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in the security sector. It outlines the specifics of the foreign policy of the People's Republic of China in the region and its connection to the formation of the Southeast Asia (SA) security architecture processes. The article highlightes modern trends and tendencies of China's geostrategic positioning in the region, the pros and cons of the Chinese foreign policy concept at both regional and global levels. For many years China was seen as a threat to Southeast Asian countries due to its political ideology and active support for the uprisings in those countries. In 1967, when ASEAN was founded, China had serious doubts about the motives of this newly formed international union. Beijing was deeply concerned that the organization could have a hidden military connotation that would consolidate anti-Chinese sentiment in Southeast Asia. Formal relations between China and the Association were established in 1991. In July 1994 China became a «consultative partner» within ASEAN Regional Forum on Peace and Security. In 1996 by signing the Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation of 1976 China became a full dialogue partner. The transformation of the system of international relations, as well as the global rebalance of power in the post-bipolar era have contributed to the strengthening of China`s positions in world politics. On the one hand the end of the Cold War minimized the risks of a nuclear catastrophe, but at the same time it actualized and accelerated trade and economic cooperation tendencies. In such circumstances most of ASEAN member states sought brand new approach towards China, willing to benefit from its economic upswing. For its part, China's growing dependence on energy forces it to engage in solving regional security issues more actively. Nowadays China's foreign policy is represented by the Belt and Road Initiative, formerly known as the One Belt One Road. It is a global infrastructure development strategy that includes 2 large-scale projects: the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road. Participating in those projects seems lucrative for most Southeast Asia countries, due to their close economic ties with China being nearly the main driver of their own economies. After all, China still remains a key trading partner among ASEAN member states. However, on the other hand, many of the political elites fear that participation in China's projects will put them in a position of dependence on Beijing. That`s why ASEAN tries to maintain the SA as a peaceful, neutral region, free from the dominance of any regional or non-regional state.
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Hu, Hao, Fazhi Qi, Hongmei Zhang, Haolai Tian, and Qi Luo. "The design of a data management system at HEPS." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 28, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577520015167.

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According to the estimated data rates, it is predicted that 24 PB raw experimental data will be produced per month from 14 beamlines at the first stage of the High-Energy Photon Source (HEPS) in China, and the volume of experimental data will be even greater with the completion of over 90 beamlines at the second stage in the future. To make sure that the huge amount of data collected at HEPS is accurate, available and accessible, an effective data management system (DMS) is crucial for deploying the IT systems. In this article, a DMS is designed for HEPS which is responsible for automating the organization, transfer, storage, distribution and sharing of the data produced from experiments. First, the general situation of HEPS is introduced. Second, the architecture and data flow of the HEPS DMS are described from the perspective of facility users and IT, and the key techniques implemented in this system are introduced. Finally, the progress and the effect of the DMS deployed as a testbed at beamline 1W1A of the Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility are shown.
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Li, Zhixing, Yukai Zou, Mimi Tian, and Yuxi Ying. "Research on Optimization of Climate Responsive Indoor Space Design in Residential Buildings." Buildings 12, no. 1 (January 7, 2022): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12010059.

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This paper first analyzes the climate characteristics of five typical cities in China, including Harbin, Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen and Kunming. Then, based on Grasshopper, Ladybug and Honeybee analysis software, according to the indoor layout of typical residential buildings, this research extracts design parameters such as the depth and width of different rooms and their window-to-wall ratios etc., to establish a climate responsive optimization design process with indoor lighting environment comfort, with heating and cooling demand as the objective functions. Meanwhile, based on Monte Carlo simulation data, ANN (Artificial Neural Network) is used to establish a prediction model to analyze the sensitivity of interior design parameters under different typical cities’ climatic conditions. The study results show that the recommended values for the total width and total depth of indoor units under the climatic conditions of each city are both approximately 14.97 m and 7.88 m. Among them, under the climatic conditions of Harbin and Shenzhen, the design parameters of residential interiors can take the recommended value of UDI optimal or nZEB optimal. While the recommended values of window-to-wall ratios for the north bedroom, master bedroom and living room in Shanghai residential interiors are 0.26, 0.32 and 0.33, respectively. The recommended value of the window-to-wall ratio of the master bedroom in Kunming residences is 0.36, and that of the remaining rooms is between 0.15 and 0.18. The recommended values of window-to-wall ratios for the master bedroom and living room in Beijing residences are 0.41 and 0.59, respectively, and that for the remaining rooms are 0.15. The multi-objective optimization process based on parametric performance simulation used in the study can effectively assist architects in making energy-saving design decisions in the preliminary stage, allowing architects to have a case to follow in the actual design operation process.
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Wesołowski SVD, Zbigniew. "A COURTYARD HOUSE – SIHEYUAN 四合院 AS THE DWELLING PLACE OF THE TRADITIONAL CHINESE FAMILY." Forum Teologiczne, no. 21 (November 6, 2020): 207–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/ft.6096.

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A Chinese courtyard house, called in Chinese siheyuan, equipped with a single entrance and with one or more open courtyards encompassed by one-storey buildings, represents traditional house dwelling in China. Throughout Chinese history, courtyard dwelling was the basic architectural pattern used for building governmental (palaces and offices) and family residences, and religious compounds (temples and monasteries). In this short contribution, the author depicts a standard traditional Beijing court house from the Ming dynasty (1368–1644) which would normally host an extended family of three and four generations. The physical construction and spatial structure of the traditional Chinese courtyard house were deeply rooted in ancient Chinese philosophical thought. The Chinese used fengshui (wind and water) principles to harmonize themselves with their environment in order to secure prosperity, longevity, and family blessings. From the viewpoint of fengshui, a basic courtyard house compound was not only a dwelling place, but also a structured and complicated vision of the cosmos that should function as an ideal container of qi (life energy). The fundamental north-south axis which rhythmically and continuously guarantee the vital flow of qi and the square shape of a courtyard house which means near to the earth, should promise health, prosperity, and the growth of the family. The fengshui system (nowadays mostly associated with Daoism) in the context of a Chinese courtyard house was intimately combined with China’s strict social and family system (Confucianism). The structure of the Chinese traditional family – and the author calls it “Confucian familism” – i.e., the Confucian conviction of family as a model for the whole state. This rigid and hierarchically structured family system, which had been the basis of Chinese society in imperial China for over two thousand years, has been reflected in courtyard house compounds. At the end of this contribution, the author mentions the efforts of present-day architects to find a way to revive traditional courtyard housing for modern times.
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Castro, Pablo, and Jennifer Lee. "Casa + Roja: Vivienda de emergencia Beijing, China." ARQ (Santiago), no. 77 (April 2011): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0717-69962011000100006.

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Liu, Philip Hsiaopong. "Love the Tree, Love the Branch: Beijing's Friendship with Lee Kuan Yew, 1954–1965." China Quarterly 242 (August 9, 2019): 550–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741019000900.

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AbstractChinese national identity has long been considered to have been an obstacle to Singapore's nation-building efforts. This is mainly because China was suspected of using its ethnic links to encourage Singapore's communist rebellions during the 1950s and 1960s as Lee Kuan Yew was working towards establishing the city state. This study reviews Lee's exchanges with Beijing and argues that he gave China the impression that he was building an anticolonial, pro-China nation. Beijing therefore responded positively to Lee's requests for support. Reiterating its overseas Chinese policy to Lee, Beijing sided with him against his political rivals and even acquiesced in his suppression of Chinese-speaking “communists.” In addition, China boosted Lee's position against Tunku Abdul Rahman, supported Singapore's independence and lobbied Indonesia to recognize the territory as a separate state. China thus actually played a helpful role in Singapore's nation building.
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Millichap, John. "Independent art publishing in China." Art Libraries Journal 39, no. 2 (2014): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307472200018265.

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China’s publishing landscape today remains a harsh environment, dominated by the state industry and hostile to outside intruders. A few small independent art publishers, design studios and self-publishing artists have appeared in recent years in Beijing, Hong Kong, Shanghai, Guangzhou and other cities, a series of developments that signal new directions for the future of art publishing in this country.
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Fan, Linlin, Hongrui Wang, Wenli Lai, and Cheng Wang. "Administration of water resources in Beijing: problems and countermeasures." Water Policy 17, no. 4 (December 26, 2014): 563–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2014.407.

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It is well recognized that climatic variability and human activities are resulting in severe water scarcity in China, especially in the mega city Beijing; one important issue is how to manage water resources in order to tackle this situation. This paper assesses the implementation of the Strictest Administration of Water Resources in Beijing, which was issued by the State Council of China in 2012. The assessment is threefold: (a) analysis of water consumption conditions in Beijing, (b) analysis of water resources management systems in Beijing, and (c) existing problems in the current water management system. Our study suggests that Beijing needs to focus more on improving the building of water resources management agencies, taking effective economic measures, strengthening law construction, developing advanced techniques for water-saving, and strengthening the building of a water-saving culture.
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Morley, Graham, and Jonathan Glazzard. "Kindergartens in China: a report into private and state provision in Beijing." Early Years Educator 13, no. 12 (April 2012): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/eyed.2012.13.12.38.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Architecture and state – China – Beijing"

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Yu, Shuishan. "To achieve the unachievable : Beijing's Chang'an Avenue and Chinese architectural modernization during the PRC era /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6233.

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Qin, Xiang. "Micro-apartment in Beijing China." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1439309603.

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葉葆芝 and Po-chi Pamela Yip. "Urban development and modern architecture in Beijing." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41548784.

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Chiang, Hong-man Michael, and 蔣匡文. "Fengshui planning and architecture design of Beijing (1412-1911) = Beijing feng shui jian zhu gui hua." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/194609.

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Xu, Yamin. "Wicked citizens and the social origins of China's modern authoritarian state civil strife and political control in Republican Beiping, 1928-1937 /." online access from Digital dissertation consortium, 2002. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?3082468.

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Chiu, Calvin. "On Chinese Architecture." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/797.

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From the four-thousand-year obsession with timber structures to the radical fascination of steel and glass in recent decades, in a Westerner's eye, Chinese architecture evolves either too slow or too fast. The current construction boom may seem parallel to Mao's Great Leap Forward in late 1950s, when the entire nation was taking radical action for socialist industrialization; this time, it is capitalist modernization. A polarized situation surfaces as some architects are willing to align with the government and drastically transform their architecture to keep up with the movement, while others are urging for an effort to connect the past and the present, so that traditions can continue to evolve along with technological advancement. Theories of modern Chinese architecture have birthed mainly from this debate.

The struggle with modernization began almost a century ago. After the fall of the Imperial Qing in 1911, foreign architects and local designers with Western academic backgrounds introduced formalism, functionalism, modernism, and traditionalism into the siheyuans (traditional courtyard houses) and imperial palaces of the capital city. The quest for a consciously "modern Chinese" architecture began. In the 1950s, China underwent a huge phase of reshaping along with the ascendancy of communism. The communist government adopted Soviet models to make Beijing a paradigm for social realism. They brought down ancient infrastructures and historical buildings to make way for monuments, worker apartments, and public squares. They advocated the idea of "national form and socialist content" to derive a new architecture.

From the 1980s on, Beijing and the entire nation began to enjoy the first-ever continuous twenty-five years of undisrupted time on urban and social development since the turning of the twentieth century. Under the open-door economic reform, the authorities began to transform Beijing into a cosmopolitan. The capital city was to perform not only as a showcase for political stability, but also to express the national image, values, and beliefs. They attempted to retain the tradition of Chinese order on one hand, and to welcome capitalist commodities and foreign technologies on the other. Citizens remain proud of their four-thousand-year heritage but are also overwhelmed by materialistic luxury from the economic boom. To the authorities, erasure of Beijing's physical past becomes legitimate under the reconstruction of selected heritage buildings and a rapid urban development.

Contemporary architecture in Beijing represents the chaotic phenomenon of today?s China. Bounded by its ghosted city wall, the rapidly changing capital epitomizes the conflict between the old and new. Pressures upon the shoulders of the local architects remain strong: political and economic constraints, legacies of the past, ambition to catch up with the world, and the urge of self-rediscovery in the globalized stage. What is the reality behind the ambition to catch up with the developed world? Is the desire to become modern and at the same time maintain their traditions only a curl-de-sac that leads to nowhere?

This thesis is a quest to revaluate the evolution of Chinese architecture from the classical Chinese curved-roof buildings to modern designs. In the making of modern Chinese architecture, a number of ideologies arise, along with political makeovers and societal developments, aiming to re-present past glories, to reflect present national achievements, and to reveal the dream of a utopian future. However, real living always comes second to political ideals on how the society should look and what they should head toward. The concern for humanity remains a nominal criterion after politics and economy in most of the construction projects.

This thesis focuses on a two-and-a-half-month journey in northern China. The journey is recorded in the form of a travelogue, which provides the narrative core of the thesis. In addition, the thesis includes academic research on Chinese architecture, embodied in four essays, to investigate its evolution, understand its relationship to the past, acknowledge its current dilemma, and search for the components that make up its identity for the twenty-first century. This thesis aims to give a sense of Chinese architectural development, both in theory and in practice, as well as including a collection of critical remarks on how the authorities manipulate architectural expressions and direct its development. The first two essays deal with urban symbolism in Beijing that the authorities have created to redefine the past and to construct an image of a bright future. Architects are only required to carry out duties, like civil servants, to realize governmental plans. The other two aim to make a contribution to the history of cultural fusion between China and the West, and the evolution of architectural theories that led to the current phenomenon, respectively. The former traces the evolutionary path of Chinese architecture and the latter compiles the concepts of Chinese architecture from the study of Chinese architecture to the realization of the buildings.

My journey begins with an exploration of ancient architecture in the provinces of Shanxi and Hebei, following the footsteps of architectural scholar Liang Sicheng. Liang and his team documented and studied 2,783 ancient buildings across the nation and wrote the first complete history on Chinese architecture. He then attempted to derive the principles of modern Chinese architecture from traditional essences. The Shanxi-Hebei experience enriched my knowledge in traditional Chinese architecture and showed me what had tempted the Chinese architects not to give up their traditions, despite a strong desire to move toward modernization.

My experience in Beijing, on the other hand, provided me the opportunity to understand the dilemma of Chinese architects of the twentieth century as they faced political pressures, economic restrictions, tense construction schedules, collective ideologies, and historical legacies. Their works play a crucial role of linking the contemporary with the traditional past, and unfolding possibilities to develop modern Chinese architecture. The quest for Chinese identity in architecture in the past few generations has imposed a complex layering of the urban structure of the city, which makes the capital a showcase for architectural ideologies of different eras.

In the current rapid "Manhattanization", Beijing has become an experimental ground for foreign futuristic ideas, as well as an open-air museum of imperial and socialist glories. The identity of the city is completely shaped by authorities and developers under a blindfold desire to pursue a global representation of modernization. Local architects receive little chance, time, and freedom to find their own path, make their own architecture, and develop their own profession. Societal criticisms remain scarce and creativity is limited by self-censorship. Yet, like their predecessors in the 1930s and 1950s, contemporary architects do not give up. Many of them still search for new design possibilities within the influences of traditions to innovations, and from local philosophies to Western ideologies. Although the pace of construction remains unbelievably fast in China, the development of local architecture struggles to find ways to evolve and express its societal significance. The maturity of the architectural profession remains an aspect that is unachievable through overnight transformations and one-time planning.
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Du, Wei 1962. "A study of medium-rise high-density housing : Beijing, 1979-1990." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22542.

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In China, huge population and limited arable land resources constitute one of the basic contradictions in urban mass housing design. As a stereotype, medium-rise apartment buildings were constructed to attain high densities all over the country during the 1980s. The extensive use of the housing typologies caused problems in many aspects. This reflects the poverty of architectural solutions and the consequences of the socio-economic systems of the country.
Focusing on the aspects of single building design and site planning, this thesis analyses the methods to reach high building densities in medium-rise mass housing design in Beijing from 1979 to 1990. The study is conducted through the review of the socio-economic issues and the introduction of mass housing design of the country. It intends to see the interrelationships between ways to attain high building densities and the socio-economic backgrounds.
The research indicates that methods to reach high building densities are many. Ways used in Beijing during 1980s were based on the socio-economic system at the time being. These ways are not appropriate in terms of the unique urban context of the city and could be thus replaced by others.
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Li, Yue 1968. "Space between buildings in Beijing's new housing." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=29950.

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In China, a standard of "relatively comfortable housing conditions" is set for the nation, but there is still a need for a parallel goal for outdoor spaces. So far, this issue has not received adequate attention from either the government or practitioners.
The purpose of this study is to examine the space between buildings in Beijing's new housing developments. The space between buildings has been chosen as a starting point for this research because it covers largest amount of land and due to its close proximity to homes, it is closely related to people's daily lives.
The quality of outdoor space is defined by a combination of factors. This study uses eight criteria to address the notion of quality: spatial hierarchy; usable space; safety and defense; health and comfort; privacy and territoriality; social contact; aesthetic appeal; and maintenance and administration. These correlated aspects are set as evaluation criteria for the six case studies included in this research. Data and analysis of case studies is used to arrive at conclusions for policy-making and further study.
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Yang, Fan Fiona, and 楊帆. "Understanding the uneven growth of service industries in China: state, market and the changing geography ofconsulting services." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38856359.

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Jin, You, and 靳悠. "Changing Shichahai: an historic district for a modern world." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47090881.

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Beijing is the most important and dynamic city in China. A vital ingredient in that success has been its historic environment- its imperial palaces, its temples, its siheyuans, its hutongs- which provides the texture of the Old Beijing city. The historic environment is key to Beijing’s prosperity and a social asset of value. Nearly all the most prosperous and desirable areas in Beijing, the places where people most want to live, work and visit, are those where the historic environment is a dominant influence. The article, “World Heritage Areas: A Critical Analysis”, written by Peter Neville, Hadley in National Post Canada says: UNESCO's World Heritage List is intended to help preserve historic sites, but in China, inclusion on the list can be the kiss of death. The major "carrot" of heritage designation is the increased levels of tourism its prestige generates. Apparently, not only the designated heritage sites, but all the heritages are faced with the fate of being destroyed by tourism and development. Old buildings and lanes in Beijing never stop drawing visitors. The city, even the whole country is now proud of prosperous tourism which is always associated with ‘economic flourishing’. Virtually, every introduction tourism text contains at least one chapter discussing the social, cultural, and environmental impacts of tourism. This topic has also been the subject of extensive investigation in the academic literature. However, in regions that are undergoing rapid development and where an ethos of conservation has not been established, often surprising ignorance of the negative consequences of tourism exists. In China, the attitude is still that the benefits of economic development outweigh any adverse costs such development may have. However, such an attitude is now seen as being shortsighted. As a result, a more balanced approach to tourism is advocated, acknowledging both its beneficial and detrimental effects on host communities and their cultures. Conservation is about ensuring that we make the best use of our historic environment. It is a tool for managing change. Some still believe that conservation is simple about preserving the fabric of old buildings unchanged and developing the economic potential of tourism. They failed to see that conservation is an overarching work, the opposite of a wasteful society. It is easy to destroy - and today we have the tools, the money and the technology - but difficult to create. Cultural heritage, areas, landscapes and communities are a finite resource. Once lost they are lost forever. The purpose of conservation is to ensure that destruction is kept to a minimum while allowing creativity and innovation to flourish. We should preserve the town of the past for the man of the future.
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Conservation
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Books on the topic "Architecture and state – China – Beijing"

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Chinese spatial strategies: Imperial Beijing, 1420-1911. New York: Routledge, 2003.

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Zhu, Jianfei. Chinese spatial strategies: Imperial Beijing, 1420-1911. London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2004.

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Remaking Beijing: Tiananmen Square and the creation of a political space. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005.

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Greco, Claudio. Beijing: The new city. Milano: Skira, 2008.

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Beijing Shi jian zhu she ji yan jiu yuan., ed. Olympic architecture: Beijing 2008. Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press, 2008.

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Beijing tian tan: Temple of Heaven. Beijing Shi: Qing hua da xue chu ban she, 2009.

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Chris, Abel, ed. Beijing International Airport: Foster + Partners. Munich: Prestel, 2010.

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Zi jin cheng jian zhu. Beijing: Zi jin cheng chu ban she, 2006.

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Nicoletta, Celli, ed. The treasures of imperial Beijing. Vercelli, Italy: White Star Publishers, 2007.

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Hung, Wu. Remaking Beijing: Tiananmen Square and the creation of a political space. London: Reaktion Books, 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "Architecture and state – China – Beijing"

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Nayak, Bhabani Shankar, and Hao Chen. "Financial Development and National Economic Growth in China: A Beijing Praxis." In China: The Bankable State, 87–104. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5252-3_6.

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Xue, Charlie Q. L., and Guanghui Ding. "State involvement in urban expansion and green architecture." In A History of Design Institutes in China, 113–40. New York : Routledge, 2018. | Series: Routledge research in architecture: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203709917-6.

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Lengen, Samuel. "Digital Imaginaries and the Chinese Nation State." In The Nation Form in the Global Age, 203–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85580-2_8.

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AbstractThis chapter develops the concept of digital imaginaries in order to examine collective visions of the Chinese nation state that are rooted in the promise of digital technologies and to highlight the crucial relationship between national imaginaries and everyday experiences of digital platforms in China. Drawing on thirteen months of fieldwork in Beijing, I explore the interplay between experiences of digital platforms, the narratives presented by technology companies and government discourses on digitization. To explore this interplay, the chapter focuses on the Chinese e-commerce giant Alibaba as an important intermediary between Chinese citizens and the government. Alibaba’s self-proclaimed mission to digitally connect and provide opportunities to all Chinese echoes and gives purchase to the Chinese government’s claim that digital technologies can and have unified the socially, ethnically, economically and regionally fragmented space of the nation state. It also provides Chinese citizens with the experience of participating in Chinese modernity. Because of its double function, Alibaba plays a key role in connecting Chinese citizens’ experiences of digital participation to the digital imaginaries of a unified nation state.
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Ho, Wai-Chung. "The Challenges of Implementing Diverse Political Directives in Contemporary China: Between Creativity and Confucianism." In The Politics of Diversity in Music Education, 103–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65617-1_8.

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AbstractThe People’s Republic of China (PRC) was founded as a communist state in 1949 within the framework of the collective leadership model under the Communist Party of China (the single-party system in China). After experiencing sociopolitical and economic changes, the PRC has moved to the free market economy of globalisation in the global age. The evolution of Chinese politics and the economic system has resulted in more diversity and changes in school education, along with struggles to adjust to these changes. Along this line, this chapter will examine the complex relationship between the politics of diversity, Confucianism, and creativity education, particularly in response to the views of Chinese teachers from Beijing via in-depth, semi-structured individual interviews on the implementation of a creativity policy in school music education. Based on current education policies and the interview data collected for this study on the examination of the nature of creativity, this chapter will conclude with a discussion of how school music education may help initiate a dialogue on the politics and nature of creativity and cultural identity in response to the challenges of contemporary political and cultural values between creativity and Confucianism that prevail in the global age of China.
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Feng, Z., P. Gu, M. Zheng, X. Yan, and D. W. Bao. "Environmental Data-Driven Performance-Based Topological Optimisation for Morphology Evolution of Artificial Taihu Stone." In Proceedings of the 2021 DigitalFUTURES, 117–28. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5983-6_11.

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AbstractTaihu stone is the most famous one among the top four stones in China. It is formed by the water's erosion in Taihu Lake for hundreds or even thousands of years. It has become a common ornamental stone in classical Chinese gardens because of its porous and intricate forms. At the same time, it has become a cultural symbol through thousands of years of history in China; later, people researched its spatial aesthetics; there are also some studies on its structural properties. For example, it has been found that the opening of Taihu stone caves has a steady-state effect which people develop its value in the theory of Poros City, Porosity in Architecture and some cultural symbols based on the original ornamental value of Taihu stone. This paper introduces a hybrid generative design method that integrates the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Bi-directional Evolutionary Structural Optimization (BESO) techniques. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation enables architects and engineers to predict and optimise the performance of buildings and environment in the early stage of the design and topology optimisation techniques BESO has been widely used in structural design to evolve a structure from the full design domain towards an optimum by gradually removing inefficient material and adding materials simultaneously. This research aims to design the artificial Taihu stone based on the environmental data-driven performance feedback using the topological optimisation method. As traditional and historical ornament craftwork in China, the new artificial Taihu stone stimulates thinking about the new value and unique significance of the cultural symbol of Taihu stone in modern society. It proposes possibilities and reflections on exploring the related fields of Porosity in Architecture and Poros City from the perspective of structure.
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Cooley, Alexander, and Daniel Nexon. "Exit from Above." In Exit from Hegemony, 80–109. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190916473.003.0004.

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Russia and China are engaged in substantial efforts to contest existing international architecture while building alternative infrastructure. A desire for greater influence and status drives some of these efforts. At the same time, a number of autocratic regimes, including Russia and China, now consider international political liberalism—especially when supported by the United States—as a direct threat to their security. Moscow and Beijing first developed ways of insulating themselves against liberalizing pressure. They next turned to contesting and reversing that international political liberalism. This chapter traces specific ways that Moscow and Beijing have “exited from above,” such as via the New Development Bank, the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. It shows how such efforts have already transformed the ecology of international order, creating a parallel “world without the West” and disrupting the jurisdictions and functions of existing, more liberal, international government organizations.
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"Beijing Municipal Archives." In State and Economy in Republican China, 74–78. BRILL, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9781684173433_006.

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Gardner, Daniel K. "The State and Environmental Pollution." In Environmental Pollution in China. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780190696115.003.0014.

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Has the Chinese Government Been Responsive to the Challenges Posed by Pollution? Premier Li Keqiang’s 2014 declaration of “war on pollution” was meant to signal to the Chinese people that Beijing recognizes the full scope of the country’s pollution crisis as well as the public’s...
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Wei, Chi-hung. "Coercive Engagement: Lessons from US Policy towards China." In The Social Construction of State Power, 123–44. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529209839.003.0006.

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In 1996 the U.S. convinced China to sign the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT), even though this treaty materially disadvantaged China’s nuclear weapons program. Why did U.S. engagement initiatives—without invoking coercive material measures and offering side payments—succeeded in prodding Beijing to do something that caused damage to its relative power position? This chapter argues that the normative mechanism through which engagement influences Beijing is not socialization. Rather, it argues that engagement works through a realist-constructivist mechanism that several scholars call “rhetorical coercion” or “rhetorical entrapment.” By appealing to the commitments to which Beijing has agreed in public, America and its allies locked Chinese leaders in their own words, leaving them unable to continue with policies contrary to the “peaceful rise” or “peaceful development” discourses they have proposed before international audiences. The case illustrates a realist-constructivism by showing what may be called coercive engagement.
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Patey, Luke. "Evils under the Ground." In How China Loses, 40–61. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190061081.003.0003.

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For Beijing, military intervention overseas is no longer an unthinkable option. Rather, China’s expanding interests and newfound confidence and capabilities on the world stage, including overseas military bases in Djibouti and Tajikistan, make it a very real possibility. Official propaganda and popular films like Wolf Warrior II build up public expectations that Beijing is able and willing to protect Chinese interests abroad. A Chinese model for establishing peace and security may soon emerge in full. This is one that does not tear down state institutions overseas to usher in regime change, but works to maintain the legitimacy and power of state institutions, despite the violence they may have sown. It draws lessons from China’s counter-terrorism and the mass detainment of its Uyghur people at home. But this intervention threatens to bog down Beijing in quagmires overseas for decades. In Pakistan and Afghanistan, Beijing’s efforts to advance its strategic interests of developing new industrial corridors through South Asia face the challenge of overcoming long-standing regional insecurity and terrorism.
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Conference papers on the topic "Architecture and state – China – Beijing"

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LU, Tingying, Jiali LI, and Ning PENG. "Heterotopic space characteristics of urban village in China: Take Guandongdian district in Beijing as an example." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.6034.

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Heterotopic space characteristics of urban village in China: Take Guandongdian district in Beijing as an example Lu Tingying¹, Li Jiali2, Peng Ning2 ¹Center of Architecture Research and Design. University Of Chinese Academy Of Sciences. UCAS Youth Apartment, No. 80 Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing, China 2Center of Architecture Research and Design. University Of Chinese Academy Of Sciences. UCAS Youth Apartment, No. 80 Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing, China E-mail: 1102684155@qq.com, lijiali020020@163.com, pengning18@sina.com Keywords: Heterotopias, space characteristics, urban village, Guandongdian, diversification Conference topics and scale: Urban form and social use of space For the first time in the history of China, more of its mainland population are living in cities than in rural villages. The land acquisition and real estate development have caused rapid disappearance and decline of a large number of traditional villages, resulting in "urban villages" in China. They seem chaotic, but contain rich and colorful social life. The living environment is really harsh, but people always maintain close relationship with each other. They are different from neither the modern urban nor traditional villages, but they have their own unique vitality. Such heterogeneous space is always a symbol of historical change and cultural collision which, according to the French philosopher Michel Foucault, can be called Heterotopias. In order to study this heterotopic phenomenon, the triangular area of Guandongdian district in Beijing has been chosen as the object of this case study. With the in-depth investigation of interviews, observation, statistics and sketches, this paper is trying to interpret the characteristics of the heterotopic state of the urban village from three aspects of social form, urban morphology and architectural feature. Eventually, in order to keep the complexity and diversification of urban village, several strategies are put forward for reference to future transforming practice. References Foucault, M. (1967) Of Other Spaces: Utopias and Heterotopias, Trans. Miskoviec, J.(1984), Architecture /Mouvement /Continuité (http://foucault.info/documents/heteroTopia/foucault.heteroTopia.en.html) Selina Abraham. (2013) ‘The heterotopic space of Chirag Delhi’, unpublished research paper, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Delhi. WANG Su. (2013) ‘Heterotopias versus Cultural Imagination: An Interpretation of the Metropolitan Space of Tianjin from the Perspective of Michel Foucault’ s Of Other Spaces (Heterotopias)’ Journal of Nanyang Normal University 12, 50-53.
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Xiujie, Li, Fu Hongpeng, and Yang Meng. "The social structure and physical form of the state-owned farm in north-east China." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.6039.

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The social structure and physical form of the state-owned farm in north-east China Xiujie Li, Hongpeng Fu, Meng Yang College of Urban and Environmental Sciences. Peking University. Beijing. China. 100871 E-mail: 1400013234@pku.edu.cn, issacfuhongpeng@163.com, shuangzizhixin@163.com Keywords: state-owned farm, policy, social structure, physical form, urban morphology Conference topics and scale: Urban form and social use of space State-owned farms in north-east China are numerous and large in size. They have played an important role in the reclamation and guarding of the frontier in China. Their physical form is sensitive to government policy. Following the historical development of a particular farm, an examination is made of how its social structure and physical form have been influenced by the policies of different periods. The development process has experienced three stages since this farm’s founding. There has been a change from ‘farmers farming together on the land which belongs to the whole farm’ to ‘farmers farming together on the land which belongs to the companies of the farm’, and then ‘farmers farming severally on the land’. The physical form of the farm has been influenced by the policies in different historical periods. Important aspects of these policies include industrial structure, population structure, land ownership, and town and country planning. This study provides a basis for future urban morphological research. References Conzen, M.R.G. (2011) Alnwick, Northumberland: a study in town-plan analysis (China Architecture & Building Press, China) Bray, D. (2005) Social space and governance in urban China (Stanford University Press, Stanford)
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Corkhill, Anna, and Amit Srivastava. "Alan Gilbert and Sarah Lo in Reform Era China and Hong Kong: A NSW Architect in Asia." In The 38th Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand. online: SAHANZ, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55939/a4015pq8jc.

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This paper is based on archival research done for a larger project looking at the impact of emergent transnational networks in Asia on the work of New South Wales architects. During the period of the Cultural Revolution in China (1966-1976), the neighbouring territories of Macau and Hong Kong served as centres of resistance, where an expatriate population interested in traditional Asian arts and culture would find growing support and patronage amongst the elite intellectual class. This brought influential international actors in the fields of journalism, filmmaking, art and architecture to the region, including a number of Australian architects. This paper traces the history of one such Australian émigré, Alan Gilbert, who arrived in Macau in 1963 just before the Cultural Revolution and continued to work as a professional filmmaker and photojournalist documenting the revolution. In 1967 he joined the influential design practice of Dale and Patricia Keller (DKA) in Hong Kong, where he met his future wife Sarah Lo. By the mid 1970s both Alan Gilbert and Sarah Lo had left to start their own design practice under Alan Gilbert and Associates (AGA) and Innerspace Design. The paper particularly explores their engagement with ‘reform-era’ China in the late 1970s and early 1980s when they secured one of the first and largest commissions awarded to a foreign design firm by the Chinese government to redesign a series of nine state- run hotels, two of which, the Minzu and Xiyuan Hotels in Beijing, are discussed here.
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Xiping, Wang, Wang Yumei, and Meng Xianjun. "Adjoint state based full waveform inversion technique and its practical application." In Beijing 2014 International Geophysical Conference & Exposition, Beijing, China, 21-24 April 2014. Society of Exploration Geophysicists and Chinese Petroleum Society, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/igcbeijing2014-180.

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Xiangbin, Meng, Sui Zhiqiang, Wang Xiuyin, Shan Lianyu, Duan Jibing, and Duan Jibing. "A Universal Seismic Processing Software Development Frame on Heterogeneous Parallel Multi-core Architecture." In Beijing 2014 International Geophysical Conference & Exposition, Beijing, China, 21-24 April 2014. Society of Exploration Geophysicists and Chinese Petroleum Society, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/igcbeijing2014-062.

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Mao, Lin, Liu Li, Song Xuefeng, Wan Ce, and Tayir Ibrahim. "Improvement on Exploration Data Processing of Cluster Architecture in Big Data Era." In International Geophysical Conference, Beijing, China, 24-27 April 2018. Society of Exploration Geophysicists and Chinese Petroleum Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/igc2018-418.

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Xinhua Liu and Zhuangzhi Sun. "Architecture for structural optimization of urban road networks - case study of Beijing City." In 5th Advanced Forum on Transportation of China (AFTC 2009). IET, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp.2009.1609.

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Sisi Wang, Jia Wang, Wu Che, and Junqi Li. "Plant selection and design of bioretention in northern China: taking Beijing as an example." In 3rd International Conference on Contemporary Problems in Architecture and Construction. IET, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp.2011.1246.

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Li, Bo. "Sustainable development capacity of resource-based cities in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region of China: A comparative study." In Proceedings of the International Conference on Civil, Architecture and Environmental Engineering (ICCAE2016). CRC Press/Balkema P.O. Box 11320, 2301 EH Leiden, The Netherlands: CRC Press/Balkema, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315116242-3.

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Xu, Yungui, Yezheng Hu, Guangyi Hu, and Haifeng Wang. "From seismic to fluvial reservoir modeling with the constraint of architecture interface." In SEG 2020 Workshop: Broadband and Wide-Azimuth Deepwater Seismic Technology, Beijing, China, 13–15 July 2020. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/bwds2020_19.1.

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Reports on the topic "Architecture and state – China – Beijing"

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Azevedo, Tasso, Sally Collins, Antonio Carlos Hummel, Luiz Carlos Joels, Keshav Kanel, Doug Konkin, Boen Purnama, and Juan Manuel Torres-Rojo. 10 Years of Megaflorestais: A Public Forest Agency Leaders' Retrospective. Rights and Resources Initiative, April 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.53892/ciwc5229.

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Just over a decade ago, several forest agency leaders from around the world met in Beijing, China at a conference convened by the Rights and Resources Initiative (RRI), the State Forestry Administration (SFA) of China and the Chinese Center for Agriculture Policy (CCAP). As leaders—from Brazil, China, Mexico and the USA—we reflected on how few opportunities existed to learn from one another to discuss forest issues in an informal atmosphere outside of the protocol-laden, jurisdictionally-defined sessions we commonly attended. We wondered whether there was a better way—whether it was possible to have safe conversations where difficult issues, struggles and mistakes could be raised, acknowledged and learned from. From this first conversation, MegaFlorestais was created: a self-governing group of public forest agency leaders with RRI serving as the Secretariat and main funder. The period of 2005-2015 brought changes in forest governance, the status of forest ownership, the health of the world’s forests and the global context within which forestry decisions are made. But much has remained the same. Was MegaFlorestais a factor? What can be learned from reflecting on these changes in a decade?
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Report on the International Symposium on Quality of Care in China. Population Council, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh2000.1041.

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In 1995, China’s State Family Planning Commission (SFPC), the governmental agency charged with developing and implementing China’s population policy, issued an official call for the reorientation of the family planning program from a focus on demographic targets to meeting clients’ needs. In support of this reorientation effort, the SFPC selected six rural counties and five urban districts with comparatively good socioeconomic conditions as pilot sites for a quality-of-care experiment. This report provides a summary of an international symposium on quality of care held in Beijing from November 17–19, 1999. The symposium was sponsored by SFPC with the support of the Ford Foundation as part of the international collaboration on China’s quality-of-care initiative. The purpose of the symposium was threefold: to review the experiences of China’s quality-of-care initiative in the pilot counties and districts to date; to discuss strategies for institutionalizing the quality-of-care approach in the pilot sites; and to discuss expansion and further development of the program throughout China, in keeping with the SFPC’s decision that the quality-of-care experiment should be expanded nationwide.
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