Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Architecture and climate – Canada'
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Kayser, Nadine Mader. "Sedimentology and sediment distribution of upper Triassic fluvio-aeolian reservoirs on a regional scale (Central Algeria, SW Morocco, NE Canada) : an integrated approach unravelling the influence of climate versus tectonics on reservoir architecture." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2005. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.635557.
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The Upper Triassic of North Africa contains a number of extensive sandstone units, which are important hydrocarbon reservoirs in Algeria, Libya, Morocco and Tunisia. The stratigraphic subdivision of the Triassic reservoirs (TAGI- Triassic Argilo-Gréseux Inférieur) in the main Algerian fields is currently adequate for initial field development. However, doubts exist with regard to chronostratigraphic equivalence of reservoir zones and the identification of key bounding surfaces from field to field. A major problem is the definition of sequence boundaries in continental settings that are detached from direct effects of sea-level changes lacking biostratigraphic control. An accurate method of dating and correlating these sediments is therefore required in order to provide a refined stratigraphic and sedimentological model. Attempting to address these correlation problems, the influence of climate on sedimentation and cyclicity was introduced as an alternative method in order to link continental sequence. The influence of climate has increasingly been recognised as a control on runoff and sediment input into siliciclastic basins (e.g. Perlmutter & Matthews, 1989; 1990; Olsen, 1990; Clemmensen et al., 1994). Furthermore, the Upper Triassic documents an era when vast amounts of land were elevated and subjected to the direct effect of extreme climatic regimes driving sedimentation on the mega-continent. This study of Carnian-Norian continental fluvio-aeolian successions therefore tests the hypothesis whether sediment deposition in low palaeolatitudes of around 10 to 25° N on Pangaea was driven by mega-monsoonal oscillations (sensu Kutzbach & Gallimore, 1989). The study is based on the comparison of time- and facies-equivalent siliciclastic deposits within geographically separate basins integrating outcrop and subsurface data from the Agadir-Essaouira Basins (SW Morocco), the Fundy Basin (E Canada) and subsurface data from the Berkine Basin (Central Algeria). Comparable outcrop and subsurface studies have been undertaken with the ultimate aim of (1) providing analogues for the prolific TAGI (Triassic Argilo-Gréseux Inférieur) of the main Algerian fields; (2) correlating major climatic periods on a regional scale; in order to introduce a semi-chronostratigraphic component; and to (3) consequently assess the temporal and spatial distribution of these prolific fluvio-aeolian reservoir sandstones on a regional scale.
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Gautam, Avinash. "Climate responsive vernacular architecture : Jharkhand, India." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/990.
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PRUM, Virak. "Canada and Climate Change: The Game Has Just Begun." 名古屋大学大学院法学研究科, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/10651.
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Dowbiggin, Anna. "Climate risk perceptions in the Ontario (Canada) electricity sector." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/3350.
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This thesis examines management cognition of climate risks in the electricity sector in Ontario (Canada). Risk perception literature is combined with corporate adaptation and risk management literature to offer a broad conceptual framework of climate risk readiness among power producers and utilities. This research aims to move management cognition of climate change past prior contributions which considered climate risk as being solely physical in nature. In this work, eight exogenous and endogenous factors relating to climate risk are examined for their influence on how management may view a wider spectrum of climate change impacts. Using an inductive research approach, 20 in depth case studies explore how electricity executives/senior managers perceive those risks using construct elicitation (repertory grid technique). Findings are triangulated with a narrative analysis of their corporate reportage of climate risks, to gain deeper insight into the complex phenomena of climate risks for the sector. Findings show some similarities and some appreciable differences in both groups’ view of climate risks despite their legitimately contending positions in industry. Overall both power producers and utilities are predominantly concerned with risk analysis and assessment of climate related risks, and less with risk response, suggesting at present the sector remains in an analytical state. The potential benefits of this research approach will provide useful insights to multiple groups including managers and policy makers.
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Ginsburg, Alexander David. "Climate Change and Culture Change in Salluit, Quebec, Canada." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12166.
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xiv, 143 p.The amplified effects of climate change in the Arctic are well known and, according to many commentators, endanger Inuit cultural integrity. However, the specific connections between climate change and cultural change are understudied. This thesis explores the relationship between climatic shifts and culture in the Inuit community of Salluit, Quebec, Canada. Although residents of Salluit are acutely aware of climate change in their region and have developed causal explanations for the phenomenon, most Salluit residents do not characterize climate change as a threat to Inuit culture. Instead, they highlight the damaging impacts of globalization and internal colonialism as a more serious problem. This counter-narrative suggests that focusing narrowly on climate change can obscure the broader and more immediate challenges facing Inuit communities. Such a realization demonstrates the need for researchers to locate climate change within a matrix of non-climatic challenges in order to mitigate threats to indigenous cultures.
Committee in charge: Susan W. Hardwick, Chairperson; Alexander B. Murphy, Chairperson; Michael Hibbard, Member
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Hill, Jenna Catherine. "Continental margin architecture sea level and climate /." Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2007. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3258373.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2007.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed May 29, 2007). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Stratton, Tana Lowen. "Modeling boreal forest response to climate variability in central Canada." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28112.
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This study examines the importance of short-term climate variability when simulating forest succession using ecological process models. A version of the FORSKA2 forest gap model was modified for use with daily climate data and applied along a transect of sites crossing the boreal region in central Canada, including the aspen-parkland and forest-tundra ecotones where impacts of climatic change on forest ecosystems could be particularly significant. The model's sensitivity to forcing with daily climate observations compared to monthly mean and long term averages of monthly mean climate data was investigated. Inclusion of daily climate (minimum and maximum temperature and total precipitation) improved the simulations of key characteristics of present-day forest along the transect, and was particularly important at the ecotones. The results demonstrate that changes in variability associated with future change in mean climate are likely to be important when trying to predict boreal forest responses to projected future climate change. Ideally, the use of projected daily climate data or data based on the statistical characteristics of daily climate is highly recommended for future impact studies. A number of approaches to further improve the functioning of the model are also presented.
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Belfry, Munroe Kaija. "Risk and advantage in a changing climate : business preferences for climate change policy instruments in Canada." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/42421.
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How do major business associations and firms determine their preferences for public policy instruments? This dissertation examines the puzzling case of business preferences for climate change policy instruments in Canada in which businesses supported a carbon price over cheaper voluntary policy instruments. It presents the findings of a qualitative study that included 13 major industrial associations (representing chemicals, gas refiners, petroleum producers, natural gas, forestry, mining, steel, vehicle manufacturers, electricity, aluminum, cement, railways and the chief executives) and 17 firms in the cement, oil and gas, and forestry industries. The study found that, in 2008 and 2009, participating firms and associations were strongly in favour of a carbon price – either a cap-and-trade program or carbon tax – despite the higher costs entailed by these policy instruments for industry when compared to voluntary programs. Moreover, Canadian corporations and business associations shifted their policy instrument preferences almost en masse away from voluntary agreements and subsidies to carbon pricing around the same time in 2006-2007.
What explains variation in business preferences for climate change policy instruments in Canada over time and between organizations? This dissertation creates a model of business preferences for climate change policy instruments based on the findings of interviews with firm and association executives, as well as government and environmental NGO officials and consultants working in the environmental policy field. In particular, the model suggests that business officials determine climate change policy preferences by weighing risks to capital investments and external investor concern against the competitive advantages entailed by each policy instrument. As these assessments require predictions about an uncertain future, they are strongly influenced by expectations about future government policy choices. These expectations are in turn influenced by the political context, particularly public opinion, and previous experience with a policy instrument. The model, developed inductively from interview data, is validated in the dissertation using new data from the same case and methods such as process-tracing and falsifiable tests. The model is found to offer a good explanation of business preferences for climate change policy instruments in Canada, and may be generalizable to other areas of public policy.
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Howes, Rosanne. "The temple within : house as symbol of God, self, and body." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22543.
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This thesis examines the house as symbol of God, self, and body. This is a way to explore the expression of individuality both incorporated in, and invoked by the middle-class single family home, particularly for women. The theme, "the temple within," is intended to create a conceptual framework for the identification of activities which give the elements of the house meaning for the occupants. The elements of house, garden, hearth, entrance, windows, attic/stair/cellar, and walls and spaces, are identified through the analysis of primary sources. These are the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation Competition Series stock plans from 1947 to 1963, as well as two suburban homes from the Carlington neighbourhood in Ottawa, Ontario. The thesis concludes with a discussion of the appropriateness of these symbols of home as a vehicle for women's identity of self.
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Doria, Rufa. "Impact of climate change on crop water requirements in Eastern Canada." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=104583.
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Crop production is highly dependent upon weather; therefore, future climate change could adversely affect the burgeoning global population. The primary objective of this study was to predict the consequences of climate change on agriculture. Since current climate projections use general circulation models (GCMs) on a global scale, a statistical downscaling model (SDSM) was used to downscale these outputs into a local scale, essential for reliable crop model simulations.By linking predicted changes in local climate to soil properties and crop characteristics through field and laboratory studies, thresholds of soil moisture content for efficient irrigation scheduling were defined, and an irrigation requirements model (IRM) was developed. Using the IRM, irrigation was triggered when soil moisture was 18 or 24 mm for peaches grown in clay and sandy soils, respectively, and was also triggered at 56 mm for grapes grown in clay soils. It was noteworthy that the IRM reduced irrigation needs by 20 to 25% without affecting yield of peaches (50 to 60 kg/tree). Regarding predicted increases in temperatures and variability in precipitation, the SDSM-HadCM3 A2 scenario forecast the greatest increases, namely ~3.5 and ~2.5°C in average monthly maximum and minimum temperatures, respectively, during the growing season, compared to a 1961-1990 base period. Moreover, precipitation events were also predicted to be more frequent (8 to 30%) and intense (10 to 50%) during crop growing months.With these future climate change scenarios, irrigated peach yield could increase 5 to 20%, since actual tree transpiration reached 0.8 kg/h (compared to a maximum of 0.4 kg/h without irrigation). Furthermore, with irrigation, fruit firmness, the best indicator of ripening and predictor of peach storage potential, is expected to improve by 20% over the current value of 340 kPa.The most novel aspect of this study was development of the IRM, and its prediction of optimal irrigation needed to sustain or increase crop yield and quality, and concurrently conserve water.La production agricole est très dépendante du climat; par conséquent, les futurs changements climatiques globaux pourraient avoir des effets adverses sur la population mondiale en plein essor. L'objectif principal de cette étude était de prédire les conséquences du changement climatique sur l'agriculture. Puisque les projections climatiques actuelles utilisent des modèles de circulation générale à une échelle globale, un modèle statistique de réduction (MSR) a été utilisé pour réduire ces données à l'échelle locale, ce qui est essentiel pour des simulations de production agricole.En reliant les changements du climat locaux prédits (modélisation) aux propriétés du sol et les caractéristiques des cultures (études sur le terrain et en laboratoire), les seuils du contenu en humidité du sol pour la planification d'un horaire d'irrigation efficace ont été définis, et un modèle de besoin en irrigation (MBI) a été développé. En utilisant ce modèle, l'irrigation était déclenchée lorsque l'humidité du sol était de 24 ou 18 mm pour les pêchers croissant en sols sablonneux ou argileux, respectivement, et a été déclenchée à 56 mm pour les vignes croissant en sol argileux. Il était remarquable que le MBI a réduit le besoin en irrigation de 20 to 25% sans affecter le rendement en pêches (50 to 60 kg/arbre).Concernant les augmentations de températures et les variabilités de précipitations prédites, le scénario SDMS-HadCM3 A2 prédit les plus fortes hausses, environ 3.5 et 2.5oC en moyenne pour les températures mensuelles maximum et minimum, respectivement, pendant la saison de croissance (comparé à une période de base 1961-1990). De plus, des précipitations plus fréquentes (8 to 30%) et plus intenses (10 to 50% durant les mois de croissance ont aussi été prédites.Avec ces scénarios de changements climatiques futurs, le rendement en pêches irriguées pourrait augmenter de 5 to 20%, puisque la transpiration des arbres a atteint 0.8 kg/h (comparé à un maximum de 0.4 kg/h sans irrigation). De plus, avec l'irrigation, la fermeté des fruits, le meilleur indicateur du mûrissement et prédicateur du potentiel d'entreposage des pêches, devrait s'améliorer de 20% (valeur actuelle, 340 kPa).L'aspect le plus novateur de cette étude a été le développement du modèle MBI, qui a prédit l'irrigation optimale requise pour maintenir ou augmenter le rendement et la qualité des cultures tout en conservant l'eau.
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Murray, Laurel Alexandra. "Following protocol : the political geography of climate change policymaking in Canada." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2014. http://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/following-protocol-the-political-geography-of-climate-change-policymaking-in-canada(16273cca-47d3-4657-bd37-4a7be2628cbf).html.
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Canada is a country often painted as a unifying power and an honest broker in world affairs. She has a respected history within the United Nations and a tradition of championing international norms, especially to curtail dangerous actions amongst the community of nations. From NAFTA to peacekeeping missions, she has carved a respected niche in global politics, perhaps fairer than her domestic situation warrants. Recent economic and environmental problems challenge this legacy of international cooperation and the rule of law with poor implementation of key international treaties. Environmental problems, in particular, have not translated into robust environmental policies even though Canadian identity is intrinsically woven with the concepts of nature and stewardship. The issue of climate change is a case in point: Canada was one of the earliest and most vocal supporters of the international climate change regime, and simultaneously, one of the world’s largest greenhouse gas emitters per capita. The government signed the Kyoto Protocol to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) with a commitment to lower emissions by 6% of 1990 levels; yet emissions rose by 19% by the end of the commitment period. The country appears to suffer from a Jekyll and Hyde syndrome: defending international norms and the rule of law whilst at the same time ignoring the very treaties she fought to create. This thesis explores how the federal Canadian government shifted from being an international leader to a laggard in the Kyoto Protocol; and in doing so it will explain the socio-economic and political forces that shaped Canada’s Kyoto strategy. A grounded theory research design was used, combining key informant interviews, policy document analysis, and participant observation. The case study raises important questions for a country such as Canada with lessons for climate politics both within the country and other federalist countries.
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Grant, George W. "Characterization and climate reconstruction of the Ekblaw site, Quttinirpaaq NationalPark, Canada." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1556837847169027.
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Way, Robert. "Field and Modelling Investigations of Permafrost Conditions in Labrador, Northeast Canada." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36678.
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The Permafrost Map of Canada shows the region of Labrador in northeast Canada as spanning conditions from continuous permafrost in the north to isolated patches in the south. However, few studies have documented this and the most detailed field information comes from research in the 1960s and 1970s, with contemporary permafrost distribution largely unexamined. An extensive investigation of contemporary permafrost conditions throughout Labrador and portions of northeastern Québec was undertaken between 2013 and 2017 to fill this knowledge gap. A multi-scale approach to analyzing permafrost distribution was employed, including collection of detailed field information at selected sites, establishment of climate and ground monitoring apparatus at more than 35 different locations and spatial numerical permafrost modelling of permafrost conditions across the region. Spatio-temporal infilling was used with thin plate spline interpolation to generate temporally-consistent climate grids for 1948-2016 at a monthly resolution for all of Labrador-Ungava. Evaluation of derived air temperature grids against meteorological observations and remote field monitoring stations showed an overall accuracy of 0.8 ± 0.3 °C on a monthly timescale. The grids were used to generate freezing and thawing degree-days maps to facilitate permafrost modelling.
Field investigations in the coastal barrens of southeastern Labrador (51.5°N to 54°N) used geophysics (DC electrical resistivity tomography), standard field methods and ground temperature monitoring to characterize very isolated patches of permafrost observed to be up to 8 m thick beneath palsas and peat plateaus. Permafrost was inferred to be absent in wetland, forested and forest-tundra areas inland, notwithstanding average air temperatures lower than at the coast. However, field investigations undertaken farther north in the coastal community of Nain, NL (56.3°N) showed permafrost to be present at numerous sites within the community in tundra, forested and disturbed settings. Boreholes and geophysics showed permafrost less than 20 m thick at several locations including beneath existing and proposed building locations. These investigations of permafrost along a latitudinal gradient highlight the contrasting permafrost environments found in coastal regions of Labrador.
Field data from monitoring stations across Labrador (n=83) were used to analyze the interrelationships of key variables in permafrost modelling. Snow depth, not mean annual air temperature, was the strongest single determinant of mean temperatures at the ground surface and at ~1 m depth. Ground temperature variability was most related to land cover class with a critical late-winter snow depth of 70 cm or less inferred to be sufficient to prevent the formation of permafrost at the monitoring sites. Testing of several different land cover datasets for permafrost model parameterization gave errors in ground surface temperature ranging from ±0.9 to ±2.1°C. A new estimate of the distribution of permafrost at high resolution (250 m x 250 m) was generated for all of Labrador-Ungava using a modified version of the temperature at the top of permafrost model. Predicted ground temperatures for long-term climate normal ranged regionally from -9°C (for high elevations in northern Québec) to +5°C (for southeastern Labrador-Québec). Modelling of permafrost for specific temporal windows (1948-1962; 1982-1996; 2000-2014) suggested that permafrost area increased from the middle of the 20th Century to a potential peak extent (36% of the total land area) in the 1990s. Subsequent warming is predicted to have caused a decrease in permafrost extent of one-quarter (95 000 km2) even if air temperatures rise no further, providing air and ground temperatures equilibrate.
The field observations in this thesis validated research conducted in the interior of Labrador during 1970s which directly linked permafrost presence or absence to snow thickness. Permafrost was more widespread than would be expected in coastal areas based on the region’s mean annual air temperatures which suggests that specific geomorphologic and meteorological settings may allow permafrost to persist in otherwise unsuitable regions. Land cover type, through its influence on snow distribution, was shown to be a key variable whose changes must be considered when examining future permafrost conditions in the region.
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Freeland, Ballantyne Erin. "Sustainability's paradox : community health, climate change and petrocapitalism." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.711671.
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Vardy, Sheila R. "Climate change and postglacial environmental history of permafrost peatlands in the Mackenzie Delta area, N.W.T." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq21394.pdf.
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Ferworn, Alexander. "The reflexive instructor with deliberate apprentice architecture." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0014/NQ30607.pdf.
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Bourbia, Meghezzi Fatiha. "Building cluster and shading in hot dry climate." Thesis, University of Reading, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367700.
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Kempster, Coryn. "O! Canada? : a pavilion for the 2010 World Exposition in Shanghai." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42080.
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Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2008.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 114-[115]).
While ninety percent of new buildings in Canada are built with light wood framing, the conventions of this construction method are seldom challenged, the economic systems behind their materials scarcely exposed, and the accumulative impact on our cities, while often questioned, is seldom answered. Through the design of a pavilion for Canada at the Shanghai World Exposition in 2010 this thesis aims to draw these elements together to stand as a critique of the single family home that is their apotheosis. Also addressed are the ramification of large crowds on the display of objects, the potential for representing national identity without recourse to romanticism or nostalgia and economic and ecological responsibility in view of the ephemeral nature of expo pavilions.
by Coryn Kempster.
M.Arch.
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McKechnie, Nicole R., and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Predicting climate change impacts on precipitation for western North America." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 2005, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/269.
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Global Circulation Models (GCMs) are used to create projections of possible future climate characteristics under global climate change scenarios. Future local and regional precipitation scenarios can be developed by downscaling synoptic CGM data. Daily 500-mb geopotential heights from the Canadian Centre for Climate Modeling and Analysis's CGCM2 are used to represent future (2020-2050) synoptics and are compared to daily historical (1960-1990) 500-mb geopotential height reanalysis data. The comparisons are made based on manually classified synoptic patterns identified by Changnon et al. (1993.Mon. Weather Rev. 121:633-647). Multiple linear regression models are used to link the historical synoptic pattern frequencies and precipitation amounts for 372 weather stations across western North America,. The station-specific models are then used to forecast future precipitation amounts per weather station based on synoptic pattern frequencies forecast by the CGCM2 climate change forcing scenario. Spatial and temporal variations in precipitation are explored to determine monthly, seasonal and annual trends in climate change impacts on precipitation in western North America. The resulting precipitation scenarios demonstrate a decrease in precipitation from 10 to 30% on an annual basis for much of the south and western regions of the study area. Seasonal forecasts show variations of the same regions with decreases in precipitation and select regions with increases in future precipitation. A major advancement of this analysis was the application of synoptic pattern downscaling to summer precipitation scenarios for western North America.ix, 209 leaves : col. maps ; 29 cm.
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Sumka, Mark Gregory. "Climate change impacts on a eutrophying lake : Cultus Lake, British Columbia, Canada." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/62645.
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This study characterizes the thermal dynamics of Cultus Lake, British Columbia, Canada, and assesses the impacts of climate change on critical habitat for species-at-risk Sockeye Salmon (Onchorynchus nerka) and Cultus Lake Pygmy Sculpin (Cottus aleuticus). Historical field data spanning 1920s–1930s, 2001–2003, and 2009–2016 were analyzed and a one-dimensional hydrodynamic model (General Lake Model) was calibrated using field data collected in 2016, and validated using field data from 2001–2003 and 2009–2016. The thermal structure of the lake was simulated to 2100 using outputs from the downscaled Canadian Regional Climate Model (CanRCM4) for two climate change scenarios (RCP4.5, moderate emissions scenario; and RCP8.5, extreme emissions scenario). Historically (1923–2016), the total lake heat content increased at a rate of 0.80 MJ m⁻² a⁻¹ and is projected to warm by 2.0 MJ m⁻² a⁻¹ (4.2 MJ m⁻² a⁻¹) for RCP4.5 (RCP8.5). Historically, the Schmidt stability increased by 2.2 J m⁻² a⁻¹ and is projected to increase by 2.6 J m⁻² a⁻¹ (6.5 J m⁻² a⁻¹) for RCP 4.5 (RCP8.5). The duration of stratification has historically been increasing at a rate of 0.18 d a⁻¹ and is projected to increase by 0.18 d a⁻¹ (0.50 d a⁻¹) for RCP4.5 (RCP8.5). The onset of stratification is now two weeks earlier than the 1920s–1930s and currently occurs around 23 March while the breakup date has not changed and occurs around 15 December. However, it is predicted that there will be no change in the date of onset of stratification while breakup will be delayed to 12 January (25 January) for RCP4.5 (RCP8.5). Lake surface temperature and outflow temperature is most important for salmon survival in August through November corresponding with the salmon run. Historical change in mean monthly temperature ranged from 0 °C a⁻¹ in November to a maximum of 0.016 °C a⁻¹ in August. This is predicted to increase to 0.016 °C a⁻¹ (0.046 °C a⁻¹) in November and 0.031 °C a⁻¹ (0.069 °C a⁻¹) in August for RCP4.5 (RCP8.5). Projections indicate fundamental changes to the thermal characteristics of Cultus Lake, which may further degrade water quality, particularly in conjunction with ongoing eutrophication, eliciting fundamental changes in the structural and functional attributes of critical habitat for species-at-risk.Applied Science, Faculty of
Civil Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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Beierle, Brandon Dennis. "Early Holocene climate of southwestern Alberta, Canada, reconstructed from lake sediment cores." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq20816.pdf.
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Nancarrow, Tanya Lawrene. "Climate change impacts on dietary nutrient status of Inuit in Nunavut, Canada." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112545.
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This thesis characterizes the nutritional implications of climate change impacts on the traditional food system of Inuit in Nunavut, Canada. Both focus groups and food frequency questionnaires were used in collaboration with two communities to describe current climate change impacts on traditional food and define nutrient intake. Currently, both communities experience climate-related changes to important species which provide high levels of key nutrients. If climate changes continue to impact traditional food species, serious nutritional losses may occur unless healthy alternatives can be found. Policy should support Inuit communities to maintain optimal nutrition in the face of climate change.
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Chavardès, Raphaël Daniel. "Fire history and climate-fire relations in Jasper National Park, Alberta, Canada." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/46413.
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In mixed-conifer forests of western North America, fire ecologists and managers are increasingly recognizing the prevalence and importance of mixed-severity fire regimes. However, these fire regimes remain poorly understood compared to those of high- and low-severity. To enhance understanding of fire regimes in the montane forest of Jasper National Park (JNP), I reconstructed fire history and assessed forest composition, age and size structure at 29 sites (Chapter 2). Historic fires were of mixed severity through time at 18 sites, whereas the remaining 11 sites had evidence of high-severity fires only. At the site level, mean importance values of canopy trees were more even among coniferous species and greater for Pseudotsuga menziesii at mixed-severity sites. The greater numbers of veteran trees and discontinuous age structures were also significant indicators of mixed-severity fire histories.
In a second study, I crossdated tree ages and fire-scar dates for 172 sites and tested whether historic fire occurrence depended on inter-annual to multi-decadal variation in climate (Chapter 3). Eighteen fires between 1646 and 1915 burned during drought years, with a weak association to El Niño phases and the negative phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. Fire frequency varied through time, consistent with climate drivers and changes in land use at continental to inter-hemispheric scales. No fire scars formed since 1915, although potential recorder trees were present at all sites and climate was conducive to fire over multiple years to decades. Thus, the absence of fires during the last century can largely be attributed to active fire suppression. Improved understanding of the drivers of the historic mixed-severity fire regime enhances scientifically-based restoration, conservation, forest and wildfire management in the Park and surrounding montane forests.
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Seaton, Philip (Philip R. ). "Sixty-eight & sunny : the un-modern architecture of climate." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70381.
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Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 102-103).
Historical control of the thermal environment was a deeply cultural activity: fireplaces distributed throughout buildings needed to be fed to keep burning, drafts needed to be stopped by hanging heavy tapestries. The industrial revolution filled the air with toxic exhaust, but modernist architects promised to seal the building envelope hermetically, keeping dirty air at bay. Thermal control came to depend on the very same centralized technologies responsible for the toxic storm outside. Pumping climates throughout a building from centralized machine rooms turned the modernist building into a human vivarium: a glass box containing a strange, displaced performance of life in some consistently tempered time and place. Industrialized city-dwellers no longer seek refuge from the outside air, and the vivarium's appetite for energy has proven more than we can sustainably produce. The design project imagines shifts in attitude for architecture after the vivarium. It is a rhetorical project which proposes three main avenues of change from contemporary assumptions. First, it envisions space in which valuable "waste" heat from exhaust, occupants' bodies, and appliances is harvested to provide imperfect and limited thermal control. Secondly, it suggests cultural shifts in clothing, activity levels, and space use that would fluctuate according to season and the availability of thermal controls. Thirdly, it proposes an attitude towards the building skin which eliminates glass in favor of a greyer zone of thermal division between indoors and out. Together these strategies replace centralized and resource-hungry mechanical climate systems with a new kind of cultural acclimatization. The resulting building embraces thermal control as a new kind of luxury good: a problem worthy not only of technical concern, but also of cultural interest.
by Philip Seaton.
M.Arch.
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Alzahrani, Abdullah. "Uncovering the emerging risks from climate change scenarios and related climate change risk management in the building sector in the UK." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2015. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/2014044/.
Full textAbstract:
Climate Change (CC) is recognised as having a significant impact on human decisions, subsequently affecting human-made networks and social systems. Accordingly, gaining insight into how and when CC-related data is established, distributed and utilised is essential in terms of the design of policies, approaches and systems governing everyday life. Uncovering the impacts and risks associated with CC on building sector assets has been highlighted in other research studies as an area necessitating further work. With this in mind, this study is directed towards considering the risks known to emerge from CC scenarios on UK buildings and real estate, and how buildings may be affected by CC. This study adopted a critical literature review with the goal of establishing the risks seen to emerge from CC. The study has adopted an online survey in order to explore the opinions and views of professionals and practitioners across several organisations, sectors and institutions in the UK in relation to the risks emerging from CCS. In addition, the research assessed the most likely risks emerging from CCS on buildings and real estate, along with the potential timescale of their emergence, as based on the experience of the respondents of the study. Moreover, the survey was designed empirically to identified—as based on the emerging risks—the possible and practical responses that will form the most effective Climate Change Risk Management (CCRM) strategies and tools to be adopted to cope with these emerging risks and accordingly avoid as much impact as is possible in direct consideration of property. The main findings from this study showed that, identifying and assessing the emerging risks from CC—specifically in terms of their damages, impacts and emergence timeframe—are crucial for all stages of the lifecycle of buildings and real estate. In this study, 112 risk factors have been identified and were grouped into seven main clusters; from which the operational emerging risks were the most important risks cluster. On the whole, this study provides a first attempt to uncover the potential emerging risks from CCS on the building sector from different perspectives, using conceptual study and simulation in relation to previous researches, and therefore helps to extend the understanding of the possible risks and impacts emerging from CC. In addition, this study builds knowledge in the building sector by providing the potential emerging risks that need to be integrated within a building’s lifecycle in a systematic manner for mitigating the impact of climate change.
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de, Feijter Chris. "Teacher Perceptions about Retention and Classroom Climate in Remote Schools in Western Canada." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1438.
Full textAbstract:
In rural and remote schools in Western Canada, researchers have discovered that high teacher turnover affects school climate as well as student achievement. The purpose of this project study was to explore novice teachers' and administrators' perceptions about the influence of school-related and classroom activities on decisions to stay or leave permanent teaching positions at a large remote school in Precambrian Shield School Division. Boylan's theory of teacher retention was the conceptual framework for the study. The guiding research questions were focused on teachers' and administrators' perceptions of various aspects of school and classroom activities in remote schools that might influence decisions to stay or leave. A bounded case study design using purposeful sampling was adopted and 11 novice teachers in their first 2 years of teaching experience in a remote school and 1 administrator agreed to participate in the study. The sample included 4 elementary and 4 middle/high school teachers along with 3 teachers with diverse teaching assignments and 1 experienced administrator. Data collection included qualitative questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and document reviews that were coded and analyzed for common themes. Key findings suggested that classroom climate, professional support structures, and student achievement were perceived to be of negative influence on retention decisions, especially inconsistent professional support structures. These findings were used to create a professional development plan to support and provide mentoring for novice teachers in remote schools. This support plan, particularly the mentoring framework, will likely reduce turnover at this school and will provide a model for helping other districts with similar high turnover in remote schools.
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Alfraidi, Yahya. "Developing building design resilience strategies to climate change risks." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2015. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/2011360/.
Full textAbstract:
A resilient building design assessment tool is developed and presented to assist architects in preparing designs to meet the challenges of climate change. The tool incorporates a set of resilience factors that have been selected as a result of information gathered from an extensive literature review (from 1980 on) and a detailed questionnaire sent out to a sample of architects working in the field, together with a statistical analysis of the collected data. Climate change poses the built environment with an increasing threat of more frequent and severe meteorological events, including heavy precipitation, flooding, powerful storms and winds, lengthy and intense heat waves, and globally rising temperatures. The literature review revealed that there have as yet been few attempts to develop systematically models that integrate climate change risks (CCRs) with corresponding resilience factors in order that CCR resilience can be included in all aspects of a building and its site from the outset. The methodology adopted in this research is based on a critical analysis of the literature and the development of a prototype assessment model. Central to the success of this model is the capture of a set of resilience factors (SFs). As a first step, the researcher clustered climate change risks (CCRs) into four categories: physical, social, economic and management. Next, six aspects of resilience as applied to buildings were identified: site, layout, structure, envelope, system and operation. To ensure that appropriate resilience factors were chosen and incorporated into the model, the author extracted the most relevant factors from the review and divided them among the six key building aspects. In total 85 SFs were incorporated into the model. A questionnaire was prepared and sent out to a large number of practicing and academic architects of differing levels of experience. A statistical analysis of the replies, which included a scoring by the respondents of the effectiveness of each resilience factor, was used to refine and reduce the number of resilience factors, to 28, for inclusion in the assessment tool. The tool was then trialled on three projects to demonstrate its capabilities and effectiveness in assessing the resilience of a building against CCRs. It is hoped that the tool described here will, with further refinements and improvements, become a practical aid to architects faced with designing buildings in a world of increasingly severe hydro-meteorological events.
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Detroit, Ryan N. "Disaster Proof: The Ephemeralization of Prefabricated Architecture for Climate Resilience." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1554120881444618.
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Papakyriakou, Timothy Nicholas. "An examination of relationships among the energy balance, surface properties and climate over snow covered sea ice during the spring season." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0019/NQ38261.pdf.
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Lee, R. Kevin. "Advanced energy efficient upgrading for affordable homes in Canada." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22544.
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To what extent can the application of R-2000 and Advanced House energy standards to affordable housing be cost effective, and what are the most appropriate technologies for attaining this goal?While the technology to construct energy efficient houses exists, whether or not this is economically feasible at the affordable housing level remains undetermined. The current lack of knowledge of the issues related to energy efficiency in lower cost housing is a significant barrier to change.
The study provides a survey of some of the potential upgrades available on the Canadian market and reviews the incremental cost, performance and potential for acceptance of various options.
While varying fuel prices and economic conditions across the country result in equally variant levels of cost effectiveness, it is found that the R-2000 preferred packages, when combined with an energy efficient mortgage (EEM) discount or 1/4 percent, are cost effective in all but one case investigated. Without an EEM, R-2000 upgrading is not cost effective in regions with low fuel prices. Incremental costs for meeting the Advanced House standard are relatively high, but upgrading to this level is found to be cost effective in Halifax (even without an EEM) and in Toronto and Vancouver with an EEM. R-2000 packages should prove acceptable to both builders and buyers, while Advanced House performance requires more significant changes in current practice but could be popular where it is cost effective. Energy efficient upgrading for affordable housing does not appear to be prohibitively expensive in Canada and an opportunity exists to make a significant impact on residential energy consumption. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Padilla, Mercedes A. (Mercedes Angeles). "The effects of oil prices and other economic indicators on housing prices in Calgary, Canada." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/33193.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2005.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 48-49).
This thesis aims to answer: (1) to what extent can oil prices and other economic indicators predict the changes in housing prices and rent in the Calgary single family housing market and (2) to determine what the lag time is between them. Implications of this study from a macro perspective are multiple. This study can be used as a simplified case study in isolating the effects of the boom and bust cycles of economic industries and quantify its impact to real estate performance. Results found an astonishing correlation. Oil prices, exchange rate, interest rate and employment levels can determine up to 98% of the changes in house prices and rents. Oil prices, representing economic viability of the city, affect the real estate industry with a lag of 7 quarters of approximately two years, while interest rates representing the financial well-being of the city affect house prices and rents with a lag of 2 1/2 years. Foreign exchange rate to the dollar, representing the relative global prosperity, affects real estate prices in one year. House prices seem to be equally sensitive to a positive or negative shock in oil prices, exchange rate, and interest rates. At which, $25/barrel oil price seems to be the "breakeven" level at which house prices remain stable, all else equal.
(cont.) Above which, prices will continue to appreciate, below which, prices will fall. Not surprisingly, this is the same estimate of the "breakeven" point at which the oilsands in Calgary become economically viable. Rents are more sensitive to positive shocks in oil prices, not exchange rate. Inversely, they sensitive to negative shocks in exchange rate, not oil prices. Rents are not sensitive to interest rates.
by Mercedes A. Padilla.
S.M.
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Holloway, Jean. "Impacts of Forest Fire on Permafrost in the Discontinuous Zones of Northwestern Canada." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/41186.
Full textAbstract:
Climate change is causing increases in the frequency, severity, and extent of fires in the
boreal forest, which in turn is expected to change historical cycles of permafrost response and recovery to disturbance. A review of recent literature (forming part of this thesis) shows that there are disparities in current knowledge of post-fire permafrost response. First, the majority of studies on permafrost-fire interactions have been conducted in Alaska, leaving regional gaps for the boreal forest across Canada. Second, there are limited direct measurements of certain variables which affect post-fire permafrost dynamics. These include snow depth, burn severity, and soil moisture, as well as ground ice content and quantified subsidence and thermokarst
development. Third, the majority of post-fire permafrost studies address near-surface impacts, neglecting permafrost conditions at depth. Finally, there is a lack of long-term information and regional investigations over a broad range of environmental conditions, particularly how permafrost responds across a variety of ground ice contents. This thesis addresses these knowledge gaps through in-situ measurements and analysis of permafrost conditions following fires occurring over the last half century and in particular in 2014 and 2015, along a 650 km latitudinal transect spanning the discontinuous zones, from isolated patches (57.8°N) to extensive discontinuous permafrost (63.1°N), in northwest Canada.
A variety of monitoring techniques were used to evaluate permafrost change, including ground and air temperature measurements, direct current electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) surveys, measurements of frost table depth, snow depth, organic layer thickness, burn severity, and ground subsidence. Samples of frozen and unfrozen soil were collected by coring or pit digging, and laboratory analyses conducted to establish soil characteristics. Laboratory experiments were also performed to establish a relationship between resistivity and temperature, and to generate a threshold between frozen and unfrozen soil that could assist in the interpretation of ERT surveys.
A total of 68 sites along the Mackenzie Highway in northern Alberta and southern
Northwest Territories (NWT) were examined to evaluate permafrost change due to climate warming and forest fire since an initial survey in 1962. The transect extends through the isolated patches and sporadic discontinuous permafrost zones, including 11 sites which burned at various times between 1971 and 2012. Overall, there has been significant permafrost degradation, especially at sites with thin organic layers and coarse-grained soils. This occurred preferentially at the southern end of the transect, where nearly 2°C of climate warming has occurred, such that even undisturbed sites experienced degradation. However, permafrost has persisted at about half of the sites where black spruce (Picea mariana) canopies with organic layers generally >40 cm
thick overlie fine-grained sediments. Permafrost even persisted at the majority of burned sites, but greater frost table depths were observed at those which were burned in 2012.
A second transect was established to examine permafrost change following the abnormally severe fire year of 2014 (and more limited fires in 2015) that affected sites across a wide range of conditions in the southern NWT. Eleven monitoring sites were established in the sporadic and extensive discontinuous zones between 2015 and 2016, and annual field surveys were conducted through to 2019, including the first repeat ERT surveys conducted following fire. Permafrost change occurred at all sites, including unburned ones, indicating the ongoing impacts of climate change in the region. Snow-depth days, maximum snow depth, and the nival offset were all greater at burned sites. Permafrost change was more pronounced at burned sites, with greater relative decreases in average apparent resistivity and increases in frost table depths and ground temperatures, particularly at sites with low gravimetric moisture content, coarse soil textures, and organic layers <40 cm thick. These changes are pronounced in the near surface (<5 m depth), with deeper permafrost appearing relatively unaffected within the 5-year post-fire time-frame.
The field observations indicate that permafrost can still persist following fire at a
significant percentage of locations in the discontinuous zone. However, slow degradation is occurring at both burned and unburned sites due to the warming climate, and particularly at dry sites with coarse-grained soils and thin organic layers. Post-fire permafrost change is evident at sites which burned in the last 10 years, but over the long-term, frozen ground appears resilient to fire, with characteristics like active layer thickness returning to pre-fire levels. Similarly, cold permafrost on the taiga shield is resilient to fire, even with thin residual organic layers. At high ice-content sites, however, where ground subsidence and thermokarst develop, water inundation and permafrost thaw can occur, particularly in areas which have been severely burned. This thesis underlines, therefore, the importance of monitoring and modelling a variety of landscape types to establish post-fire permafrost impacts and temperature trajectory, and more specifically the effects of heterogeneity of drainage conditions, substrate, and organic layer thicknesses on the fate of permafrost in the boreal forest.
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Bueno, Unzeta Bruno. "Study and prediction of the energy interactions between buildings and the urban climate." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/77774.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D. in Building Technology)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 125-130).
Urbanization produces higher air temperatures in cities than in the undeveloped rural surroundings. This phenomenon is known as the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect and has been measured in different cities around the world. Conventional building energy programs use standard meteorological databases obtained from measurements at operational weather stations, which are usually located in open areas outside of the city, typically at the airport. Therefore, air temperature measurements may not include the UHI effect. The UHI effect can have an impact on the energy consumption of buildings, especially residential and naturally ventilated buildings. At the same time, the energy performance of buildings can affect outdoor air temperatures, mainly through the waste heat emissions from outdoor air-conditioning equipment. Consequently, there are situations in which the interactions between the indoor and outdoor environments are reciprocal and thus both domains have to be solved simultaneously. This thesis presents a study of the energy interactions between buildings and the urban climate through the development and evaluation of a set of models. Based on first principles, these models include three different Urban Canopy and Building Energy Models (UC-BEMs), with different levels of detail and applications, and a novel urban climate prediction tool, the Urban Weather Generator (UWG). Developed at the intersection of building energy and urban climate studies, the research builds on fundamental knowledge in both domains. The UC-BEMs account for building thermal effects on climatological predictions and have the potential to predict building energy consumption at urban scale. The UC-BEMs can be coupled with mesoscale atmospheric simulations, establishing a multi-scale model approach from the atmosphere down to buildings that can be used to analyze the impact of future climate change scenarios on the urban climate and the energy consumption of buildings. The UWG calculates site-specific urban climate conditions from measurements at an operational weather station. The model can be used alone or integrated into existing programs in order to account for the UHI effect in building energy simulations. The UWG is evaluated with field data from Toulouse, France, and Basel, Switzerland.
by Bruno Bueno Unzeta.
Ph.D.in Building Technology
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Courtney, Mustaphi Colin John. "Analysis of laminated sediments from Lake DV09, northern Devon Island, Nunavut, Canada." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28123.
Full textAbstract:
A 147cm sediment core from Lake DV09, northern Devon Island, Nunavut, Canada (75° 34'34"N, 89° 18'55"W) contains annually-laminated (varved) sediments, providing a 1600-year record of climate variability. A minerogenic lamina deposited during the annual thaw period and a thin deposit of organic matter deposited during the summer and through the winter, together form a clastic-organic couplet each year. The thinnest varves occur from AD800-1050, and the thickest from AD1100-1300, during the Medieval Warm Period. The relative sediment density is also highest during this period suggesting increased sediment transport energy. The coldest period of the Little Ice Age appears to be during the AD 1600s. Varve widths over the past century indicate climate warming in the region.
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Burke, Jordan Lewis. "Consequences of climate-induced range expansion of a native invasive herbivore in western Canada." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/59511.
Full textAbstract:
Global climate change is affecting species from all taxonomic groups. Their response to warming and precipitation trends is highly variable, and will likely lead to changes in ecosystem composition that may affect resilience and stability. Eruptive forest insects compete directly with humans for forest resources, and the distribution and magnitude of epidemics is increasing. Here, I describe a series of manipulative experiments using the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) system to examine biological and life history traits of both the beetle and hosts as they pertain to eruptive population dynamics and range expansion in a warming environment. Mountain pine beetle exhibits population phase-dependent host selection behavior, which I demonstrated is informed directly by monoterpene volatiles in host resin, and reinforced by context-dependent maternal effects arising from parental experience. Recently, mountain pine beetles have experienced dramatic range expansion into novel montane and boreal forests of western Canada. Depressed defensive capability of trees in novel forests may increase generation survival of beetle populations, potentially exacerbating outbreaks in novel systems, and enhance positive feedbacks associated with epidemic phases. Of particular concern is the tendency for elevated levels of α-pinene, an aggregation pheromone precursor, in the defensive resin of trees in novel habitats. I demonstrated that the qualitative content of monoterpenes, specifically the relative concentration of (+)- and (-)-α-pinene, influences the ability of the beetle to aggregate and mass-attack healthy hosts, and may exacerbate outbreaks on a landscape scale, thereby potentially increasing the rate of spread of beetles in novel forests. Finally, I demonstrated that the close association of mountain pine beetle with the defensive expression of hosts has led to selection in native forests for enhanced defenses, and a lack of coevolution in novel forests has likely led to the increased susceptibility to mortality. The present study has advanced our knowledge of eruptive insect dynamics and the response of these economically important species to climate change. This thesis contributes to the body of knowledge pertaining to ecological theory of population dynamics and invasion biology, and identifies areas for further study and effort to mitigate the biological consequences of anthropogenic modification to the environment.Forestry, Faculty of
Graduate
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Guyot, Melissa. "Impacts of climate change on traditional food security in aboriginal communities in Northern Canada." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18275.
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This thesis explores the impact of climate changes on the harvest of traditional foods and characterizes the implication of these changes on the diet of Aboriginal Peoples in northern Canada. Combinations of qualitative and quantitative methods were used to document and estimate the local harvest pattern of key species of traditional food. Overall results between the estimated amount of available food from the harvest and the estimated amount of dietary intake did not agree, however, strong agreements were seen in two species: moose and whitefish. The relationship of harvest data to dietary intake is complex and requires two accurate and complete data sets. If these exist, predicting the intake of traditional foods from harvest data is possible. Qualitative results portray that community members are witnessing variable changes in climate which are affecting their traditional food harvest and are altering their harvest mechanisms to adapt to these changes.Cette thèse regard l'impact des changements environmentales sur la récolte des aliments traditionnels et characterise l'implication de ses changements sur la diète des membres de la communauté. Une combinaison de méthode quantitative et qualitative ont été utilisé pour documenter et estimer la séquence de la récolte des animaux clées locales. En général, les résultats entre la nourriture disponible estimé provennant de la récolte et le montant estimé pour la consumption alimentaire n'étaient pas égaux, parcontre, la ratio entre aurignal et poisson blanc étaient bonne. La relation entre les résultats numériques concernent la récolte et la consumption alimentaire sont complèxes et requièrent deux coordonnées d'informations numériques completes. Si cela existe, il serait possible de prédir la consumption des aliments traditionalles provenant de la récolte. Les résultats qualitatifs dénoncent des changements climatiques affectant la récolte des aliments traditionnels et alterent la façon dont les membres de la communauté font leur récolte pour adapter à ces changements climatiques.
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Paudel, Shyam Krishna. "Ecosystem responses to climate variability, disturbances and environmental factors in southwest Yukon of Canada." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/45519.
Full textAbstract:
The south-western part of the Yukon Territory of Canada has experienced an unprecedented spruce bark beetle outbreak and frequent forest fires beyond the historical trends. Accumulating evidence also suggests that the southwest Yukon has experienced the impacts of recent climate change: warmer winters and warmer and drier summers over the past 15 years have contributed to the severe spruce bark beetle infestation, affecting white spruce on approximately 340,000 hectares of the traditional territory of the Champagne and Aishihik First Nations in southwest Yukon. The mortality caused by the bark beetle outbreak has also increased the risk of wildfire severity and frequency in the region.
I studied the impacts of climate variability, disturbances and environmental factors on stand structure, forest regeneration and vegetation diversity within the CATT. The research was conducted in close collaboration with the Ministry of Energy, Mines and Resources of the Yukon Government and the Champagne and Aishihik First Nations Government. Data were collected in the summer of 2008 from the forested landscape of the Champagne and Aishihik Traditional Territory.
I found that stand structure varied significantly by edaphic and topographical factors with higher forest productivity at lower elevation and on lower slope positions where there was a higher soil moisture regime. Overall stand productivity and vegetation diversity were higher on warmer aspects and in mixed stands. Although regeneration of all tree species was higher in burned areas, broadleaved species prevailed in these areas, indicating that persistent disturbances associated with the predicted increase in temperatures in the region may promote broadleaved species. A higher diversity was found in moderately disturbed open areas with higher mean temperature and precipitation. Salvage harvested areas had the highest diversity and highest composition of broealeaved trees. The undisturbed mixed stands had the ecosystem characteristics that would closely meet the ecological goals of the Strategic Forest Management Plan (2004) in the region. The vegetation distribution were closely linked with topographical, climatic and disturbance regime in the study area, which could be a basis for vegetation classification, which is still lacking in the study area.
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Gyll, Malin. "Circular thinking in sparkstaden Kiruna : Housing and mobility in a northern climate." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Arkitekthögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-172338.
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Industrialism has affected our way of building cities, using the production line as a model for living. Our lives are divided into parts both in time and space, with zones for different activities, kinds of housing, and phases of life. Diseases related to a sedentary lifestyle and stress are increasing and we feel lonelier than ever. Can we think in a more circular way, respect planetary boundaries, and create possibilities for a healthier life for us and our planet? This project aims to explore possible strategies for a more circular way of building our cities.
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Taheri, Roya. "Research on ecological aspects in architecture related with climate and nature /." Electronic version of summary, 1989. http://www.wul.waseda.ac.jp/gakui/gaiyo/1529.pdf.
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Mortsch, Linda D. "Framing the issue of climate change, the beliefs of Canadian environmental non-government organizations and the energy industry." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ60581.pdf.
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Romoser, Kelley I. "Borrowed From the Earth: Midwest Rammed Earth Architecture." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1277135646.
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Lebron, Kenneth Reynaldo. "Local climatic differences in Atlanta as an influence on the thermal performance of residential architecture." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/23094.
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Lamb, Sara Katherine. "Examining the relationship between avifauna and green roofs in Mississippi's humid-subtropical climate." Thesis, Mississippi State University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1596066.
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Human settlement displaces and fragments natural habitats. Design choices in the landscape directly affect both local diversity and extinction rates. This study seeks to understand how avifauna are responding to this new technology in Mississippi.
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Hoffman, Benjamin C. "Towards an architecture for peacebuilding : restructuring power in political conflict." Thesis, University of York, 1998. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/2504/.
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Sanderson, Nicole Katherine. "Patterns and drivers of recent peatland carbon accumulation in northeastern Canada." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/24223.
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Northern peatlands are an important component of the global carbon (C) cycle and have been a net sink of atmospheric C during the Holocene. Under current climate warming conditions, the future sink-source balance of these peatlands is uncertain. In particular, peatlands near the southern limit of permafrost are likely to be sensitive to changes in topography as well as climate. In order to predict how the sink-source balance may change, this thesis focuses on determining the generality of observed patterns of C accumulation in Northeastern Canada. The methodological approach in this thesis is unique. A total of 30 cores were taken from 9 peatlands located in 3 ecoclimatic regions along the North Shore of the Gulf of St Lawrence. This replication of records allows for climate-scale (allogenic) signals to be separated from the internal or local factors (autogenic), and for statistical testing of differences between regions and within sites over time. Trends in carbon accumulation rates (CAR) were analysed on three levels: (1) within individual sites along a hydrological or microtopography gradient, (2) between overall regions located along a climatic or permafrost gradient, and (3) over time on a multi-centennial scale. Lead-210 (210Pb) dating was used throughout the analysis to increase temporal resolution for the last 150-200 years of C accumulation. The method was thoroughly tested from preparation to analysis and found to produce reliable results, comparable with other dating methods. These dates were then used to develop combined age-depth models for longer-term context. Replicated records of 210Pb inventories and fallout rates were also used to address questions of deposition patterns and post-depositional mobility in peat profiles. Total inventories decreased with water table depth, with lichen hummocks having significantly higher inventories. One site also received significantly higher 210Pb deposition than the other two, as it is more sheltered from the Gulf influence. Recent carbon accumulation rates for the 150-year period for all microforms across all regions was 62.1 ± 4.4 g C m-2 a-1, and were highest for Sphagnum hummocks (79.9 ± 8.9 g C m-2 a-1) and lowest for dry lichen hummocks (42.7 ± 6.2 g C m-2 a-1). Patterns and trends at this scale were mainly driven by autogenic processes, including incomplete decomposition in the acrotelm peat. Models of peat accumulation related to acrotelm thickness were found to be overly simplistic, as carbon accumulation for intermediate microforms showed large natural variability driven by changing ecohydrological feedbacks, in part due to permafrost degradation at one of the sites. Over a multi-centennial scale, carbon accumulation rates were driven by a combination of climatic changes and ecohydrological feedbacks due to shifts in the microform configuration in response to permafrost degradation. Changes in carbon accumulation rates were detected and coincided with Little Ice Age temperature/solar minima (including the Spörer, Maunder and Dalton Minima), permafrost degradation since the 1950s, and recent climatic changes in the mid-1990s. Snow cover and exposure of sites and microforms were found to play an important role, rather than solely climatic variables. Rapid Sphagnum re-establishment in post-permafrost degraded features and increasing temperatures meant that carbon accumulation was highest for the northernmost site in the transect. Age-depth models using a combination of lead-210 and radiocarbon dates allowed for the calculation of carbon accumulation rates at a decadal resolution. While peat carbon sequestration is projected to increase in northern regions, the fate of peatland C near the southern limit of permafrost is complex. Future studies seeking to interpret recent changes should include multiple cores and consider both regional climatic and local ecohydrological drivers.
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Race, Bruce. "Climate action plans : analysis of the effects on form of U.S. cities." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2013. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/61276/.
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This study investigates the effectiveness of community climate action plans (CAPs) and their potential impact on the form of U.S. cities. Greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation and climate change adaptation strategies enacted by cities have the potential to redirect future public and private investment. Three studies have been prepared to better understand the external policy context that cities are working within, the process and tools they are using, and how climate actions are integrated into their comprehensive plans. Study 1 includes detailed case studies of eight U.S. cities that have completed CAPs. The cities are of various sizes and located in different climate regions. The case studies include a review of state and regional plans and policies; climate action plan technical and policy reports; evaluations of cities’ integration of climate action plans with their comprehensive plans; and interviews with planning project managers. Study 2 includes a national survey population of nearly 200 cities that have completed CAPs. The survey’s independent variables include city fundamentals such as size, location, comprehensive plan requirements, power sources, and political context. Dependent variables are organized into two groups: one for CAP approach and strategies, and the second for policy outcomes that modify the form of cities. Study 3 examines the effectiveness of common strategies utilizing a purpose-built greenhouse gas worksheet calculator. A model town is examined as a baseline community of 50,000 in population that is proposed to double by 2050 to a city of 100,000. A business-as-usual model and two alternatives test mitigation strategies and actions measuring potential effectiveness on GHG emissions. The thesis research findings have significant theoretical and practical implications regarding CAP influence on the future form of U.S. cities. In particular, studies demonstrate the importance of compressing growth into walkable cities with determined and fixed boundaries.
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Ravindra, Rebecca. "A high-resolution vegetation, fire, and climate history from the Aishihik Region, Yukon Territory, Canada." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28282.
Full textAbstract:
Paleocological studies based on the analysis of lake sediments offer the potential for high resolution and well-dated records of past environmental conditions. A 2.7 m sediment core raised from Lake WA01 (unofficial name, 61°14'41"N, 136°55'35"W, 1000 m.a.s.l.) in the Aishihik region of the southwest Yukon Territory documents the post-glacial vegetation, fire, and climate history of the region surrounding the study site. The earliest portion of the WA01 pollen record was characterized by the establishment of open birch-shrub tundra at the study site. Picea glauca then established ca. 9,900 cal yrs BP, and has since remained dominant on the landscape Progressively decreasing precipitation in the region over the last ca. 9,000 years, noted in a previous study by Viau et al. (2008), is not captured in the Lake WA01 climate reconstructions. From ca. 9,900 cal yrs BP to the present day, reconstructed mean July temperatures and total annual precipitation at the study site remained essentially constant. A short period of low total annual precipitation is noted from deglaciation at 10,500 cal yrs BP to 9,900 cal yrs BP. The regional-scale fire regime surrounding the study site increased gradually in intensity over the course of the Holocene. Local fires in the area immediately surrounding the study lake decreased gradually in frequency and/or size over the course of the Holocene, though the exact cause remains unclear. An alternating pattern in the sediment loss-on-ignition from Lake WA01 is related to similar trends in □18O values from the Mount Logan oxygen isotope record (Fisher et al., 2008). Based on a positive association between sediment carbonate content and enriched □18O values from the Mount Logan record, it is proposed that periods of increased and decreased sediment carbonate content in the WA01 core are indicative of wetter and drier conditions at the study site, respectively.
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Clarke, Kaila-Lea. "Climate-related Stresses on Human Health in a Remote and Rural Region of Ontario, Canada." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23296.
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This thesis examines the susceptibility of human health to climate-related stresses in the rural municipality of Addington Highlands, Ontario. Human health is sensitive to climatic variations and change, and public health systems play a role in managing climate-related risks. Canada is generally deemed to have considerable capacity to adapt to vulnerabilities associated with climate change, yet there is variability among communities in their exposure and ability to manage health risks. This thesis examines the health-related vulnerability of the community of Addington Highlands. Drawing upon data gained from key informant interviews and newspaper articles, as well as other secondary data sources, the thesis documents climate-related health risks, outlines the programs and services available to deal with those risks, and assesses the capacity of the community to adapt to future climate conditions and risks. Conditions such as storms, heat stress and forest fires currently present health risks in the area, and they are expected to become more prevalent with climate change. The health risks of Lyme disease, West Nile virus and algal blooms are likely to increase in the future as the climate continues to change. Adaptation to these risks is evident in several of Addington Highlands public health and emergency management programs. The community’s adaptive capacity is strengthened by its social networks and institutional flexibility, but it is constrained by its aging population, limits to the availability and access to health care services, and challenges relating to the retention of service providers. An important strategy to assist adaptation to climate change risks to health is the promotion of public awareness, a strategy to which this research contributes. This thesis research serves to identify and better understand vulnerabilities, and help stimulate actions toward preparing Addington Highlands for possible future climate-related risks.
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Carlsson, Lina. "Climate change and sustainable energy in Canada and the United States : positions, policy and progress." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=80912.
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Canada and the United States are two of the most energy-intensive countries in the world and have an immense impact upon their surrounding environment. Both countries have committed to contributing to the stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system, in accordance with the United Nations climate change regime. Their climate change-related energy policies do not, as yet, show any sign of achieving that objective, especially in light of the fact that greenhouse gas emissions are on the rise. This thesis consequently argues that not enough is being done by Canada-US to fulfill their commitments under the climate change-regime and tests that hypothesis.
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Keizer, Peter S. "Forest Dynamics in Relation to Late-Holocene Climatic Variability, Eastern Ontario, Canada." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23954.
Full textAbstract:
Pollen profiles from two lakes, Tawny Pond (44°48’59”N, 77°10’54”W, 276m) and Stoll Lake (44°58’16”N, 77°17’22”W,303m) in Addington Highlands, eastern Ontario, Canada were analyzed to understand the effects of late-Holocene climate change and European settlement on eastern Ontario’s forests. Both lakes were analyzed at high temporal resolution and record vegetation dynamics over the last 1000 years. Throughout the past 1000 years, Pinus, Tsuga, Betula, Quercus, Acer and Fagus were the dominant taxa in the pollen record. The pollen records show vegetation response in relation to the Medieval Warm Period and the Little Ice Age. From 970-1200 AD the forest was dominated by hemlock, beech and maple trees. From 1200-1870 AD the forest composition changed as pine and boreal trees became more abundant and/or had increased relative pollen production. Most recently, since 1870 AD, herbaceous plants (weeds) increased, whereas softwoods decreased and hardwoods increased, due to landscape changes associated with European settlement. These results show that high resolution studies of unvarved lakes, with an appropriate chronology, can detect multi-decadal climate variability. This thesis was also concerned with making management suggestions to the forestry community. Future climate change will likely create a forest composition more similar to that of the Medieval Warm Period than the time of European colonization, and thus should be the basis for forest planning.