Journal articles on the topic 'Architectural science and technology (including architectural acoustics)'
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Xiang, Ning, and Jonas Braasch. "Graduate education and research in architectural acoustics at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, no. 4 (October 2022): A123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0015754.
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The Graduate Program in Architectural Acoustics has been constantly advanced from its inception in 1998 with an ambitious mission of educating future experts and leaders in architectural acoustics, due to the rapid pace of change in the fields of architectural-, physical-, and psycho-acoustics, and noise-control engineering. Since years the program’s pedagogy using “STEM” (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) methods has been proven to be effective and productive, including intensive, integrative hands-on experimental components that integrate architectural acoustics theory and practice. The graduate program has recruited graduate students from a variety of disciplines including individuals with B.S., B.Arch., or B.A. degrees in Mathematics, Physics, Engineering, Architecture, Electronic Media, Sound Recording, Music and related fields. Graduate students under this pedagogy and research environment have been succeed in the rapidly changing field. RPI’s Graduate Program in Architectural Acoustics has since graduated more than 120 graduates with both M.S. and Ph.D. degrees. Under the guidance of the faculty members they have also actively contributed to the program’s research in architectural acoustics, communication acoustics, psycho-acoustics, signal processing in acoustics as well as our scientific exploration at the intersection of cutting edge research and traditional architecture/music culture. This paper illuminates the evolution and growth of the Graduate Program.
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Cabeza-Lainez, Joseph. "Architectural Characteristics of Different Configurations Based on New Geometric Determinations for the Conoid." Buildings 12, no. 1 (December 24, 2021): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12010010.
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The aim of this article is to orient the evolution of new architectural forms offering up-to-date scientific support. Unlike the volume, the expression for the lateral area of a regular conoid has not yet been obtained by means of direct integration or a differential geometry procedure. In this type of ruled surface, the fundamental expressions I and II, for other curved figures have proved not solvable thus far. As this form is frequently used in architectural engineering, the inability to determine its surface area represents a serious hindrance to solving several problems that arise in radiative transfer, lighting and construction, to cite just a few. To address such drawback, we conceived a new approach that, in principle, consists in dividing the surface into infinitesimal elliptic strips of which the area can be obtained in an approximate fashion. The length of the ellipse is expressed with certain accuracy by means of Ramanujan’s second formula. By integrating the so-found perimeter of the differential strips for the whole span of the conoid, an unexpected solution emerges through a newly found number that we call psi (ψ). In this complex process, projected shapes have been derived from an original closed form composed of two conoids and called Antisphera for its significant parallels with the sphere. The authors try to demonstrate that the properties of the new surfaces have relevant implications for technology, especially in building science and sustainability, under domains such as structures, radiation and acoustics. Fragments of the conoid have occasionally appeared in modern and contemporary architecture but this article discusses how its use had been discontinued, mainly due to the uncertainties that its construction posed. The new knowledge provided by the authors, including their own proposals, may help to revitalize and expand such interesting configurations in the search for a revolution of forms.
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Cabrera, Andrés, JoAnn Kuchera-Morin, and Curtis Roads. "The Evolution of Spatial Audio in the AlloSphere." Computer Music Journal 40, no. 4 (December 2016): 47–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/comj_a_00382.
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Spatial audio has been at the core of the multimodal experience at the AlloSphere, a unique instrument for data discovery and exploration through interactive immersive display, since its conception. The AlloSphere multichannel spatial audio design has direct roots in the history of electroacoustic spatial audio and is the result of previous activities in spatial audio at the University of California at Santa Barbara. A concise technical description of the AlloSphere, its architectural and acoustic features, its unique 3-D visual projection system, and the current 54.1 Meyer Sound audio infrastructure is presented, with details of the audio software architecture and the immersive sound capabilities it supports. As part of the process of realizing scientific and artistic projects for the AlloSphere, spatial audio research has been conducted, including the use of decorrelation of audio signals to supplement spatialization and tackling the thorny problem of interactive up-mixing through the Sound Element Spatializer and the Zirkonium Chords project. The latter uses the metaphor of geometric spatial chords as a high-level means of spatial up-mixing in performance. Other developments relating to spatial audio are presented, such as Ryan McGee's Spatial Modulation Synthesis, which simultaneously explores the synthesis of space and timbre.
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Papadakis, Nikolaos M., Massimo Garai, and Georgios E. Stavroulakis. "Special Issue: Advances in Architectural Acoustics." Applied Sciences 12, no. 3 (February 8, 2022): 1728. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12031728.
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Syamsiyah, Nur Rahmawati, Atyanto Dharoko, Sentagi Sesotya Utami, and Afizah Ayob. "Sustainability Relationship Between Space Configuration, Activity Patterns, and Mosque Acoustics Quality." Journal of Islamic Architecture 7, no. 2 (December 22, 2022): 262–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/jia.v7i2.15121.
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The Great Mosque of Yogyakarta was built in 1773. This mosque has a traditional architectural style. This study investigates the relationship between the mosque's architectural form, the activities inside it, and its acoustic characteristics. It employed quantitative and qualitative methods, including sound pressure level (SPL) measurement, reverberation time, and architectural and activity observations. Acoustic measurements, architectural observations, and activities are conducted inside and outside the mosque from morning to night for one week. The research finding is a spatial continuity pattern identified as the gradation of SPL value. Consistent continuity of SPL values in accordance with the nature of activities hierarchy. The result of this study is to improve mosque noise control by arranging outdoor and indoor spaces in a sustainable manner.
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Xue, Ming Hui, Hong Zhe Zhang, and Nan Liu. "The Extenics Design Analysis of Abstract Architectural Form Factor." Advanced Materials Research 926-930 (May 2014): 681–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.926-930.681.
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Architectural Form Factor Xue Minghui1, a, Zhang Hongzhe2,b, Liu Nan3,c1 Harbin Institute of Technology School of Architecture, China 2 Harbin University of Science And Technology, China 3 Northeast Forestry University, China aminghui1220@126.com, bzhanghongzhe126@126.com,c5484913@qq.com Keywords: Architectural Form ,Abstract Factor, Extenics Design Analysis Abstract. Architectural form factor is the reflection of architectural surface and decide its forms. This paper use extenics design analysis and make analysis on architectural design examples from four basic elements including point, line, surface, body. It is aimed at making better and clear relationship of abstract elements and finding the content in architectural design forms.
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Loy, D. Gareth. "The Systems Concepts Digital Synthesizer: An Architectural Retrospective." Computer Music Journal 37, no. 3 (September 2013): 49–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/comj_a_00193.
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In the mid 1970s, specialized hardware for synthesizing digital audio helped computer music research move beyond its early reliance on software synthesis running on slow mainframe computers. This hardware allowed for synthesis of complex musical scores in real time and for dynamic, interactive control of synthesis. Peter Samson developed one such device, the Systems Concepts Digital Synthesizer, for Stanford University's Center for Computer Research in Music and Acoustics. The “Samson Box” addressed the classical problems of digital audio synthesis with an elegance that still rewards study. This article thoroughly examines the principles underlying the Box's design—while considering how it was actually employed by its users—and describes the architecture's advantages and disadvantages. An interview with Samson is included.
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Zhu, Rongxin, Xiwen Huang, Xiangdang Huang, Deshun Li, and Qiuling Yang. "An On-Site-Based Opportunistic Routing Protocol for Scalable and Energy-Efficient Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks." Applied Sciences 12, no. 23 (December 6, 2022): 12482. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122312482.
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With the advancements in wireless sensor networks and the Internet of Underwater Things (IoUT), underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs) have attracted much attention, which has also been widely used in marine engineering exploration and disaster prevention. However, UASNs still face many challenges, including high propagation latency, limited bandwidth, high energy consumption, and unreliable transmission, influencing the good quality of service (QoS). In this paper, we propose a routing protocol based on the on-site architecture (SROA) for UASNs to improve network scalability and energy efficiency. The on-site architecture adopted by SROA is different from most architectures in that the data center is deployed underwater, which makes the sink nodes closer to the data source. A clustering method is introduced in SROA, which makes the network adapt to the changes in the network scale and avoid single-point failure. Moreover, the Q-learning algorithm is applied to seek optimal routing policies, in which the characteristics of underwater acoustic communication such as residual energy, end-to-end delay, and link quality are considered jointly when constructing the reward function. Furthermore, the reduction of packet retransmissions and collisions is advocated using a waiting mechanism developed from opportunistic routing (OR). The SROA realizes opportunistic routing to choose candidate nodes and coordinate packet forwarding among candidate nodes. The scalability of the proposed routing protocols is also analyzed by varying the network size and transmission range. According to the evaluation results, with the network scale ranging from 100 to 500, the SROA outperforms the existing routing protocols, extensively decreasing energy consumption and end-to-end delay.
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Liang, Nan, and Mengxuan Yu. "Research on Design Optimization of Prefabricated Residential Houses Based on BIM Technology." Scientific Programming 2021 (November 9, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1422680.
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Traditional and conventional methods of architectural and engineering design used for building informational modeling have a number of designs and updating and visualization issues which need to be addressed. In order to improve the design effect of prefabricated residential houses, this study proposes a design optimization method for prefabricated residential houses based on building information modeling (BIM) technology. BIM combines organized, multidisciplinary data to produce a digital representation of an asset across its development, starting from planning and design to building and operations. This study first analyzes the advantages of BIM technology and its applications in architectural design. It is further focused on the design of prefabricated houses, which are based on the optimization theory, modular function, modular design, and modular replacement. These are combined with the monomer architectural form, which is used in prefabricated houses design optimization of the assembly process. Furthermore, the article also focuses on the application of BIM technology in the design optimization of prefabricated residential houses, including the choice of implementation mode, accumulation of experience through the pilot, and the construction of an effective guarantee mechanism.
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Asak, Ilayda. "A study on graduate level education in architecture: Case of Turkey." Global Journal of Arts Education 6, no. 3 (May 31, 2017): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjae.v6i3.1702.
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Today, there are 41 universities offering graduate education programs in architecture. Those programs cover a number of different topics including architectural conservation and restoration, architectural restoration, architectural design, informatics in architectural design, architectural planning and design, architecture history, architectural history and theory, architecture and built environment, digital design in architecture and production. The council of higher education presents that 2978 master theses submitted and approved by Council of higher education. In this study, the master theses submitted to the graduate programs have been investigated. Matrix has been developed regarding o the sex, language, topics, universities. The types of graduate school are natural science and social science. The results of the study show that the number of female students is higher than the male students. The number of theses in Turkish is increasing. The increasing number of theses investigating build technology builds physics and building and construction and computational design is of importance. It is possible to determine that the current and popular topics of Turkish graduate programs in Architecture are in parallel with the prevailing agenda of World architecture.
Key Words: theses in architecture, graduate level education, architectural education.
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Redyantanu, Bramasta Putra, and Altrerosje Asri. "IMPACT OF SIMPLE VIRTUAL TECHNOLOGY APPLICATION IN ARCHITECTURAL EDUCATION." DIMENSI (Journal of Architecture and Built Environment) 48, no. 2 (December 16, 2021): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.9744/dimensi.48.2.87-96.
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The development of technology cannot be separated from the development of science, including the learning method. There is an elective course named Virtual Reality Architecture in Architecture Department of Petra Chrisitan University. This course focuses on the process of learning architecture at the stage of presenting and communicating ideas. The virtual technology used as a learning method includes three types of technology, animation, augmented reality and virtual reality. The three technologies are elaborated as a simulation method. The simplicity of its application can be seen in the support for hardware, software, and special devices used by students in their daily lives. This study aims to test the achievement of goals at the final level of learning. Students who have attended this lecture are then interviewed and observed, in relation to proving whether this simple virtual technology can be a supporter in the learning process in the architecture study program.
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Kim, Jeongmin, and Nayeon Kim. "Quantifying Emotions in Architectural Environments Using Biometrics." Applied Sciences 12, no. 19 (October 5, 2022): 9998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12199998.
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This paper reviews studies that have quantified humans’ emotions in architectural environments using biometrics. We analyzed the design variables that induced positive emotions and compared the study conditions for each result, including the biometric tools utilized. The objective was to analyze the design characteristics of the architectural environment, biometric tools, and study conditions that measure emotional responses in design research, their limitations, and future uses of biometric devices. Twenty papers were selected using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The population, intervention, control, outcome, and setting study design were used as an analysis framework. The reviewed papers used biometric tools such as electroencephalography, functional near-infrared spectroscopy, functional magnetic resonance imaging, galvanic skin response, electromyography, electrocardiography, and eye-tracking to analyze emotions. Environmental factors that produce positive emotional responses in the architectural spaces included form, layout, material, color, furniture, and lighting. The findings from methodology using biometric tools have the potential to develop an evidence-based design to produce positive emotions in architectural environments that improve our mental health and well-being.
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Zhao, Dongmiao, Yufeng Liu, Boyi Pei, Xingtian Wang, Sheng Miao, and Weijun Gao. "An Exploration of Architectural Design Factors with a Consideration of Natural Aspects Based on Web Crawling and Text Mining." Mathematics 10, no. 23 (November 22, 2022): 4407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10234407.
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Architectural construction is responsible for the consumption of large amounts of resources, so the optimization of architectural design and evaluation is significant for sustainable global development. Most architectural assessments focus on energy conservation, novel materials and eco-friendly strategies, but without agreed indicators and criteria. Since the consideration of natural aspects is somewhat fuzzy and vague, this study utilized data mining technology to explore the major factors related to relationships between buildings and nature. By employing the popular technique of web crawling, this study collected 38,320 architectural descriptions from the “Archdaily”, including descriptions of 11 types of buildings, four of which were taken as typical research representatives. The 100 most frequent words were used to create a word cloud. Using Python script, all of the text was refined and processed with the word2vec model, thereby allowing to conduct Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering (AHC). The frequency of words related to natural aspects were analyzed within 15 architectural design elements. Different building types in different areas have obvious similarities in terms of design elements, so it is feasible to adopt the same evaluation factors for the building evaluation systems of different regions. This paper mainly focuses on improving the accuracy and validity of assessment by providing basic evaluation indicators that could enhance connections between design and evaluation progress, stimulating the improvement of building environmental performance.
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Khairanisa, Fitria. "Function, Role, Limitation, and Potential of Space Syntax Analysis in Architectural Field." Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Architecture 1, no. 2 (August 29, 2022): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24002/jarina.v1i2.6093.
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This study aims to determine the function, roles, limitations, and potential of spatial configuration analysis with Space Syntax. The development of digital technology affects the development of science, including in the field of architecture. Digital technology is not only a design visualization tool but also a part of the design process and a thinking tool for architects in designing. One of them is the Space Syntax program. Space Syntax is a quantitative analysis tool used to analyze the pattern of relationships between spaces in various forms of architectural space: buildings, cities, interiors, and landscapes. The method used in this research is the literature study method. Data collection techniques are collecting several sources from the internet and journal references that discuss using the Space Syntax program. The results of this study indicate that Space Syntax has a function, roles, limitations, and potential in analyzing architectural space. SpaceSyntax can explore various horizontal space scales, including buildings objects and urban areas. However, the findings show that Space Syntax has limitations. Some studies use a combination of other methods to overcome this limitation. The combination method also raises the potential of Space Syntax as an analysis tool in the architectural field.
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Ziminski, Timoteus B., Steven A. Demurjian, Eugene Sanzi, Mohammed Baihan, and Thomas Agresta. "An Architectural Solution for Health Information Exchange." International Journal of User-Driven Healthcare 6, no. 1 (January 2016): 65–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijudh.2016010104.
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Health information technology (HIT) systems including electronic health records (EHRs) have a market saturation nearing 92% at individual institutions but are still unsuited for cross-institutional collaboration of stakeholders (e.g., medical providers such as physicians, hospitals, clinics, labs, etc.) in support of health information exchange (HIE) of different HIT systems in geographically separate locations. In the computer science field, software architectures such as service-oriented architecture, grid computing, publish/subscribe paradigm, and data warehousing are well-established approaches for interoperation. However, the application of these software architectures to support HIE has not been significantly explored. To address this issue, this paper proposes an architectural solution for HIE that leverages established software architectural styles in conjunction with the emergent HL7 standard Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR). FHIR models healthcare data with XML or JSON schemas using a set of 93 resources to track a patient's clinical findings, problems, allergies, adverse events, history, suggested physician orders, care planning, etc. For each resource, a FHIR CRUD RESTful Application Program Interface (API) is defined to share data in a common format for each of the HITs that can then be easily accessible by mobile applications. This paper details an architectural solution for HIE using software architectural styles in conjunction with FHIR to allow HIT systems of stakeholders to be integrated to facilitate collaboration among medical providers. To demonstrate the feasibility and utility of HHIEA, a realistic regional healthcare scenario is introduced that illustrates the interactions of stakeholders across an integrated collection of HIT systems.
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Yeh, Chiu-Yu, and Yaw-Shyan Tsay. "Using Machine Learning to Predict Indoor Acoustic Indicators of Multi-Functional Activity Centers." Applied Sciences 11, no. 12 (June 18, 2021): 5641. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11125641.
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In Taiwan, activity centers such as school auditoriums and gymnasiums are common multi-functional spaces that are often used for performances, singing, and speeches. However, most cases are designed using only Sabine’s equation for architectural acoustics. Although that estimation formula is simple and fast, the calculation process ignores many details. Furthermore, while more accurate analysis can be obtained through acoustics simulation software, it is more complicated and time-consuming and thus is rarely used in practical design. The purpose of this study is to use machine learning to propose a predictive model of acoustic indicators as a simple evaluation tool for the architectural design and interior decoration of multi-functional activity centers. We generated 800 spaces using parametric design, adopting Odeon to obtain acoustic indicators. The machine learning model was trained with basic information of the space. We found that through GBDT and ANN algorithms, almost all acoustic indicators could be predicted within JND ± 2, and the JND of C50, C80, STI, and the distribution of SPL could reach within ±1. Through machine learning methods, we established a convenient, fast, and accurate prediction model and were able to obtain various acoustic indicators of the space without 3D-modeling or simulation software.
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Li, Jing, and Bingyu Zhang. "The Application of Artificial Intelligence Technology in Art Teaching Taking Architectural Painting as an Example." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (May 17, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8803957.
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In the current era of technology, artificial intelligence has grown rapidly in such a way that it has established its presence in all fields. The purpose of artificial intelligence is to reduce human intervention and complete tasks with an enhanced result. In this research, we are going to study the application of artificial intelligence technology in art teaching, taking architectural painting as an example. Architectural painting is a type of painting that focuses only on architecture, including indoor and outdoor views of the buildings. In earlier stages, architecture was shown only in the background of paintings that had different objects as the main subject. Later, architecture itself became a mainstream genre in the field of painting. As has been shown by other researchers, the latest technologies such as Internet technology, wireless sensor networks (WSNs), and artificial intelligence like deep learning technologies are deployed in art teaching. Artificial intelligence has made teaching easier. This proposed system makes use of Internet technology, WSNs, artificial intelligence, and lightweight deep learning models in the field of art teaching. The teaching method is enhanced by adapting to this new technology. For performing the analysis of the proposed system, the Limited Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno (L-BFGS) art algorithm is implemented. This L-BFGS algorithm focuses on finding the local minima in any given application. In this art teaching of architectural painting, the proposed algorithm will aid in explaining the minute works to be noted while doing the artwork. The proposed algorithm is then compared with the traditional Gradient Descent, Adam, and Adadelta algorithms. From the results, it can be observed that the proposed algorithm has achieved accuracy of 97% and 98% in the training and testing phases, respectively.
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Lee, Kyuhyup, Joonghwan Shin, Soonwook Kwon, Chung-Suk Cho, and Suwan Chung. "BIM Environment Based Virtual Desktop Infrastructure (VDI) Resource Optimization System for Small to Medium-Sized Architectural Design Firms." Applied Sciences 11, no. 13 (July 2, 2021): 6160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11136160.
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The recent fourth industrial revolution and the era of post-COVID-19 have ushered in a series of technologies including a 5G network and online systems, such as cloud computing technology. In other industries, extensive studies on cloud platforms utilizing such technologies were conducted. Although the cloud environment has taken on greater importance in the construction sector as well, it was used only for servers, failing to fully reflect the characteristics of the cloud system. In particular, compared to large architectural design firms, it is challenging for small to medium-sized design firms to establish a virtual cloud computing environment, which requires high capital investment. Targeting small to medium-sized architectural design firms in Korea, this study was conducted to introduce the VDI system, one of the cloud computing technologies that was recently used in other industries, to the BIM environment for initial application, operation, and management. Specifically, after an analysis was carried out to see if the VDI system utilized in other industries may resolve the hindrance faced with the BIM environment in the construction industry, the KBimVdi system was created based on an algorithm for estimating server scales by analyzing the VDI system suitable for the BIM work environment. This was followed by a validation of the KBimVdi system based on selected projects carried out by small to medium-sized architectural firms where BIM was used for design work.
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Zarecor, Kimberly Elman. "Socialist Neighborhoods after Socialism." East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 26, no. 3 (December 22, 2011): 486–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325411428968.
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The Czech Republic’s socialist-era neighborhoods are largely intact twenty years after the end of Communist Party rule. These buildings will be rehabilitated, but not replaced, because of financial and logistical constraints. In the context of the country’s accession to the European Union in 2004 and the recent global economic crisis, this essay questions what can and should be done in an effort to make these neighborhoods better places to live in the present and the future. It starts with a brief history of postwar housing construction and socialist-era design methodologies, exploring postwar architectural practice and innovations in construction technology that were connected to the industrialization of housing production. The role of the Baťa Company in the development of panelák technology is described. In the context of post-socialist rehabilitation efforts, the discussion addresses current housing policy including regulated rents and the shift in emphasis from renting to ownership. Government subsidies and grant programs are considered, as well as problems such as physical degradation and social segregation. The essay proposes that for the future the social and spatial ideas that were part of the original designs may be more important than the architectural style of individual buildings.
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Zhang, Dong Xu, Da Ping Liu, Ze Lun Cui, and Meng Xiao. "Analysis of the Present Situation of Research on Soundscape and Han-Chinese Buddhist Temples." Applied Mechanics and Materials 357-360 (August 2013): 388–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.357-360.388.
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In recent years the community has continued to raise awareness about the protection of historic buildings including Buddhist temples, but unfortunately the protection of the sound environment, which is an important part of the overall environment of historic buildings, is often ignored, and there is still a lack of research on the relationship between the sound environment and the traditional temples space in scholarly circles. Soundscape theory studies the sound environment from the perspective of sound, the environment and the listener, differing from traditional acoustics in considering peoples awareness and evaluation of sound in a special condition. Therefore, using soundscape theory as its major tool, it is considered to be future research direction that the impact of spatial elements in Han-Chinese Buddhist temples on the acoustic environment. By means of acoustic data to make a quantitative analysis of architectural history, it will in theory broaden the research domain of architectural history and lay a solid foundation for Chinese religious soundscape science, and in practice, will support the protection of the acoustic environment of historic buildings as intangible cultural heritage, and provide sound field parameters for the construction of a new temple.
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Napitupulu, S. S., G. Hardiman, and R. R. Tobing. "Technology 5.0 in architecture based on the understanding of environmentalism." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 878, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/878/1/012028.
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Abstract Technology that developed rapidly in the late 19th century was the beginning of modern times and brought significant changes in every aspect of human life, including architecture. Starting from technology 1.0 until 5.0, technology still has a role in the field of architecture. On one side, technology offers convenience for humans to monitor buildings through the operating system and increases the value of life through its architectural style which is represented by the construction system and materials. On the other hand, technological developments also present problems. The problem that occurs due to technological development that are experienced globally is environmental damage. The purpose of this study is to determine the appropriate technology for use in buildings based on an understanding of environmental science. This study uses a qualitative method regarding the primary literature from books and journals (national and international). The results of this study concluded that through understanding the science of environmentalism, the basis for creating a design must begin with an understanding of the natural conditions of the design area. Henceforth, technology in architectural buildings is not in the form of mechanical technology that potentially increases the amount of building heat, but rather in technology that supports the natural performance inside the building in the form of wall material, new approach in terms of building openings, development of solar panel, windmills, and chimneys technology.
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Abdulaal, B., A. Bouferguene, and M. Al-Hussein. "Benchmark Alberta’s architectural, engineering, and construction industry knowledge of building information modelling (BIM)." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 44, no. 1 (January 2017): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2014-0296.
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Construction professionals agree that building information modelling (BIM) will revolutionize the architectural, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry and its impact will be felt by all project stakeholders including owners and facility managers. Statistics show that many owners and other stakeholders perceive BIM as a technology that can make project delivery more efficient because it allows project information to be fully integrated. In the future, owners are expected to demand the use of BIM to prevent over-budget and over-time project delivery. However, as we are preparing this contribution the level of implementation and use of BIM varies widely across the globe. This paper probes the state of BIM in Alberta from three points of view: (i) the current understanding and implementation, (ii) the motivations driving its use, and (iii) the challenges hindering its implementation. The findings of this paper are extracted from individual responses to a web-based survey that was proposed to professionals in the Albertan AEC/FM industries.
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Thimm, Heiko. "Cloud-Based Collaborative Decision Making." International Journal of Decision Support System Technology 4, no. 4 (October 2012): 39–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jdsst.2012100103.
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The complexity of many decision problems of today’s globalized world requires new innovative solutions that are built upon proven decision support technology and also recent advancements in the area of information and communication technology (ICT) such as Cloud Computing and Mobile Communication. A combination of the cost-effective Cloud Computing approach with extended group decision support system technology bears several interesting unprecedented opportunities for the development of such solutions. These opportunities include ubiquitous accessibility to decision support software and, thus, the possibility to flexibly involve remote experts in group decision processes, guided access to background information, and facilitation support to direct group decision processes. The architects of such future solutions are challenged by numerous requirements that need to be considered and reflected in an integrated architectural approach. This article presents a thorough analysis of major design considerations for software solutions for collaborative decision making from a broad range of perspectives especially including the business process management perspective and the Cloud Computing perspective. The proposed architectural approach of the GRUPO-MOD system demonstrates how one can address the requirements in one integrated system architecture that supports different deployment options of Cloud Computing. A refinement of the high-level system architecture into a corresponding implementation architecture that builds on widely adopted standards such as OSGi and industry proven technology such as the Eclipse platform is also given in the article.
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Rusmana, Yunanta Arief. "Merdeka Belajar pada Perubahan Bentuk STARS YKPN Yogyakarta di Era Pandemi Covid-19." SMART: Seminar on Architecture Research and Technology 5, no. 1 (July 26, 2021): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21460/smart.v5i1.150.
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Title: Merdeka Belajar on the Changes in the Form of STARS YKPN Yogyakarta in the Covid 19 Pandemic Era
Currently in all fields in the world have entered the era of revolution 4.0, with the advancement of science and technology and information technology in particular, universities are required to welcome and prepare themselves to face it. The current adjustment of the "Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka" curriculum has resulted from reviews for the curriculum, especially for the higher level of education in architecture. At the same time as the Covid 19 pandemic that hit Indonesia and affected all fields, including the world of education, especially the Sekolah Tinggi Arsitektur (STARS) YKPN Yogyakarta. STARS YKPN which is a change in the form of the Akademi Teknik (AT) YKPN, in carrying out its role as an educational institution cannot be separated from this situation. In addition to this, the existence of the Architects Law, and many new policies and regulations from the Ministry of Education and Culture, require institutions to change shape. AT YKPN which initially only had a 3 years Diploma Architectural Drawing Study Program, after the change of form to STARS YKPN, currently has 2 study programs, namely 3 years Diploma Architectural Drawing and Bachelor of Architecture. With these changes, it is necessary to change the curriculum and learning methods, both in the 3 years Diploma Architectural Drawing Study Program and the Bachelor of Architecture Study Program. This article aims to provide an overview of how various changes occur, especially the curriculum and learning methods.
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Hannibal, Joseph T., S. Kramar, and B. J. Cooper. "Worldwide examples of global heritage stones: an introduction." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 486, no. 1 (2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp486-2020-84.
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AbstractHeritage stones are stones that have special significance in human culture. The papers in this volume discuss a wide variety of such stones, including stones from Europe, Asia, North and South America, Africa and Australia. Igneous (basalt, porphyry and a variety of granites), sedimentary (sandstone, limestone) and metamorphic (marble, quartzite, gneiss, slate, soapstone) stones are featured. These stones have been used over long periods of time for a wide range of uses, including monuments, buildings of architectural note, columns, roofing, tiling and lithography. A number of papers in this book provide information that is essential for eventual approval of stones as a Global Heritage Stone Resource or a group of stones as a Global Heritage Stone Province.
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Xu, Yang, Wenliang Qian, Na Li, and Hui Li. "Typical advances of artificial intelligence in civil engineering." Advances in Structural Engineering 25, no. 16 (November 3, 2022): 3405–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13694332221127340.
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Artificial intelligence (AI) provides advanced mathematical frameworks and algorithms for further innovation and vitality of classical civil engineering (CE). Plenty of complex, time-consuming, and laborious workloads of design, construction, and inspection can be enhanced and upgraded by emerging AI techniques. In addition, many unsolved issues and unknown laws in the field of CE can be addressed and discovered by physical machine learning via merging the data paradigm with physical laws. Intelligent science and technology in CE profoundly promote the current level of informatization, digitalization, autonomation, and intellectualization. To this end, this paper provides a systematic review and summarizes the state-of-the-art progress of AI in CE for the entire life cycle of civil structures and infrastructure, including intelligent architectural design, intelligent structural health diagnosis, intelligent disaster prevention and reduction. A series of examples for intelligent architectural art shape design, structural topology optimization, computer-vision-based structural damage recognition, correlation-pattern-based structural condition assessment, machine-learning-enhanced reliability analysis, vision-based earthquake disaster evaluation, and dense displacement monitoring of structures under wind and earthquake, are given. Finally, the prospects of intelligent science and technology in future CE are discussed.
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HRYMAK, ROMAN, OLEKSANDR PASICHNYK, TETIANA SKRYPNYK, and EDUARD MANZIUK. "INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY OF MAKING CONTROLLED CRITICALLY SAFE DECISIONS ABOUT MODEL PARAMETERS CONVERSION AT TRANSFER BETWEEN VISUALIZATION SYSTEMS." HERALD OF KHMELNYTSKYI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY 299, no. 4 (October 2021): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5732-2021-299-4-35-42.
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In modern production, computer-aided design systems have become widespread, which provide the opportunity to create technological processes with less time and engineering. Automated design system is a system capable of automated level to implement information technology to perform design functions, is an organizational and technical set of software tools designed to automate the design process, consisting of staff and a group of technical, software and other means of automating its activities. Computer-aided design systems are an important link in industrial design, widely used in many industries, including the automotive, shipbuilding and aerospace industries, industrial and architectural design, prosthetics and many others. CAD is also widely used in computer animation for special effects in movies, commercials, and technical materials, often referred to as digital content. Due to its economic importance, the computer-aided design system has become the main driving force of research in the field of computational geometry, computer graphics (both hardware and software) and discrete differential geometry. In today’s automated manufacturing market, most constructors use additional engineering software. As a rule, such add-ins are used in the functional infrastructure of a specialized set of solutions that implement the principle of building information modeling (BIM). The most common system of this type is Autodesk Revit, a platform that provides three-dimensional modeling of building elements and flat drawing of design elements, designed for architects, designers and design engineers. This research presents the results of information technology for Autodesk Revit computer-aided design system based on 2019-2021 packages, which will allow users of the architectural visualization platform to use the functions of viewing, processing, mathematical transformation and serialization on elements of 3D building models.
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Elrawy, Sara, and Doaa Abouelmagd. "Architectural and Urban Education in Egypt in the Post Covid-19 Pandemic." European Journal of Sustainable Development 10, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 91–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2021.v10n2p91.
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Quality of education is a global Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) to be achieved by the united nations by 2030. The covid-19 pandemic resulted in a significant problem in education worldwide and Egypt with problems related to the shift to distance learning and accessibility to technology and facilities supporting this shift. This paper aims to contribute to the currently ongoing research that asses the changes in architecture and urban education due to the Coronavirus pandemic, including the shift to distance learning in the practical courses that initially need studio work. The state of distance education via the Internet is difficult for architectural teaching curricula. Most studio environment courses require in-class follow-up. In developing countries like Egypt, not all architecture schools are equipped to move to e-learning, and most have not dealt with this before. This paper assesses student satisfaction and analyzes the entire process of distance learning in practical architectural courses during the coronavirus pandemic in Egypt. the research applies a quantitative and qualitative approach. A questionnaire was designed and distributed; 304 students from 17 Egyptian schools of architecture responded. A survey and series of interviews were completed among twelve schools of architecture in Egypt to analyze their responses during the crises and study the shift to e-learning in teaching the practical courses. The paper shows that the psychological effect and working solo from home have affected the students the most. There is a need to solve the internet problems, train the staff and the students to use the online tools for virtual classes, and provide a stable e-learning platform. The future of the traditional studio environment is under questioning. This study responds to the urgent need to evaluate the effect of Covid-19 on architecture education and to question the studio environment in the future to achieve a sustainable higher education in schools of architecture in Egypt.
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Zhao, Jianyong, Jianpeng Sun, Xiangchao Meng, and Zizhen Li. "Recent Advances in Vehicle Exhaust Treatment with Photocatalytic Technology." Catalysts 12, no. 9 (September 15, 2022): 1051. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12091051.
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Vehicle exhaust has been acknowledged as an essential factor affecting human health due to the extensive use of cars. Its main components include volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NOx), which can cause acute irritation and chronic diseases, and significant research on the treatment of vehicle exhaust has received increasing attention in recent decades. Recently, photocatalytic technology has been considered a practical approach for eliminating vehicle emissions. This review highlights the crucial role of photocatalytic technology in eliminating vehicle emissions using semiconductor catalysts. A particular emphasis has been placed on various photocatalytic materials, such as TiO2-based materials, Bi-based materials, and Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs), and their recent advances in the performance of VOC and NOx photodegradation. In addition, the applications of photocatalytic technology for the elimination of vehicle exhaust are presented (including photocatalysts combined with pavement surfaces, making photocatalysts into architectural coatings and photoreactors), which will offer a promising strategy for photocatalytic technology to remove vehicle exhaust.
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Szudrowicz, Barbara. "In Memoriam Professor Jerzy Sadowski 1924-2014." Archives of Acoustics 39, no. 3 (March 1, 2015): 299–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aoa-2014-0034.
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Abstract Professor Jerzy Sadowski – outstanding Polish scientist, a specialist in acoustics – construction, industrial, architectural and environmental – passed away on 28th July 2014. Professor Jerzy Sadowski was born on 18th December 1924 in Augustów, in northeastern Poland. In 1946 he commenced studies at the Gdańsk University of Technology – initially at the Faculty of Architecture, to switch later to the Faculty of Electrical Engineering. The life of Jerzy Sadowski as a student was as complicated as the post-war history of Poland. Due to his involvement in an activity of illegal student organization, he was expelled from the university in 1949, with a ban on any further tertiary education. The ban had been lifted after a certain time which allowed him to recommence further studies, this time at the Warsaw University of Technology the Faculty of Communications, where in 1952 he obtained the diploma and title of Master of Science and Engineer. He received a lot of help from Professor Ignacy Malecki, the nestor of Polish acoustics. This certainly contributed to kindling the young engineer’s interest in acoustics, as a field of both knowledge and very important practical applications.
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Meterelliyöz, Mehmet Ümit, and Ozan Önder. "BIM-enabled learning for building systems and technology." Journal of Information Technology in Construction 27 (January 4, 2022): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.36680/j.itcon.2022.001.
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This paper presents a series of educational case studies for the BIM-enabled pedagogical approaches for learning building systems and technology in the early stages of architectural education and provides evidence-based arguments about the influence of BIM on the students’ learning processes. Using a dual-channel pedagogical framework the study employed an object-oriented ontological approach tightly integrated with the parameterization of building components and their behaviors. Students experienced a fully BIM-enhanced course for learning fundamental concepts of building systems and technology where the creation of parametric BIM models was the main vessel for comprehensive understanding. The results show significant conceptual and practical advantages of BIM-enabled learning as well as the observed challenges in an educational context. The study also suggests positive educational transformations due to carefully devised BIM-based pedagogical frameworks for the understanding of building systems through parametric thinking and modeling. Based on a grounded theory approach, the findings are synthesized in a theoretical learning model including the systemic relationships between building technology content and parametric BIM methodology.
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Wang, Chen, Lincoln C. Wood, and Li Tien Teo. "TROPICAL VERTICAL GREENERY SYSTEMS: IRRIGATION SYSTEMS, BIOPHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS, AND INFLUENTIAL CRITERIA." Journal of Green Building 11, no. 4 (September 2016): 57–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.11.4.55.1.
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Recent studies on vertical greenery systems (VGS) mainly focus on thermal performance, acoustics effects, energy savings and environmental sustainability. There are very few studies on tropical VGS irrigation systems, plants' characteristics, and favorable installation locations, indicating that architectural professionals may lack sufficient guidance to support their design work. Through two descriptive case studies and a questionnaire survey of VGS-related professionals including gardeners, mechanical and electrical engineers, consultants, contractors, and developers, this research developed a knowledgebase for tropical vertical greenery systems irrigation systems and determined the suitability of different types of vertical greenery systems according to the biophysical characteristics of plants. The suitability for various plant characteristics has been identified to help potential users while considering vertical greenery systems irrigation systems. Suitable locations, orientations and microclimatic conditions for vertical greenery systems irrigation systems to prevent system failure have been determined. Further research focused on establishing the technical requirements for irrigation scheduling is recommended to improve the application efficiency.
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Tronchin, Lamberto, and Antonella Bevilacqua. "How Much Does the Variety of Scenery and the Different Percentages of Audience Occupancy Affect the Indoor Acoustics at the National Theater of Zagreb?" Applied Sciences 12, no. 13 (June 27, 2022): 6500. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12136500.
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The performance of opera and the post-pandemic slow recovery of the public, who have been hesitant to return to frequent attendance of cultural venues, has inspired the authors to analyze the acoustic behavior of the National Theater of Zagreb, by reflecting five specific scenarios. Starting from acoustic measurements undertaken inside the National Theater of Zagreb without any scenery in place, this research study compares the main acoustic parameters simulated with the scenery of Tosca in three different acts. A numerical model was realized by reproducing the geometry and the architectural features of this historic performance arts space. Before the simulations, the absorption coefficients applied to the digital entities were calibrated with the values gathered from the recorded impulse responses. After the calibration process, the acoustic simulations were also carried out with the presence of an audience at two percentages of occupancy.
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Bevz, Mykola. "PRESERVATION OF HISTORICAL FORTIFICATIONS AND VALUABLE URBAN STRUCTURE OF THE CITY (NOTES FOR SCIENTIFIC AND DESIGN DOCUMENTATION - HISTORICAL AND ARCHITECTURAL BASIC PLAN OF LVIV)." Current Issues in Research, Conservation and Restoration of Historic Fortifications 14, no. 2021 (2021): 13–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/fortifications2020.14.013.
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The article analyzes the research and design documentation "Historical and architectural basic plan of the city of Lviv" (2020) in terms of identification and protection of fortifications. The analysis of the documentation revealed little attention of the authors to the study and coverage of the stages of development of the fortification lines of Lviv from the XIII to the XIX century. This approach has led to the debatable identification of many objects by their historical, urban and architectural value, inaccurate dating, lack of proposals for their protection. In particular, the assessment of a complex of fortifications, the so-called "F. Hetkant's defensive line" from 1635. The authors of the documentation did not analyze the stages of development and assess the time-varying urban structure of the quarters, even in the city center. The development of buildings in the areas of the former suburbs was also not covered in detail. But these are areas that have been filled with very important facilities and functions in the past. The nature of the development of the quarters took different forms depending on the time of the site. The sites themselves developed abruptly along with the movement of the lines of urban fortifications further from the city center. The construction of a new, more modern line of fortifications and its advancement made it possible to intensify construction in areas that were previously outside the fortified territory. Lviv has gone through six such major stages of urban transformation associated with the development and modernization of fortifications from the thirteenth to the nineteenth century. This relationship between the development of fortification systems and the architectural-spatial and planning structure is the key to understanding the urban history of the city. Without a detailed reconstruction of the phases of construction of fortifications, it is impossible to properly navigate the nature of changes in the architectural-compositional and planning structure of the city. For example, after the removal of fortifications far beyond the central district of the city, began active changes and intensification of housing and public buildings in areas of former suburbs, where previously dominated by large monastic complexes and palaces of wealthy burghers. The quarters here began to change the character of their urban structure, evolving from the shape of a quarter with a palace and a garden-park in the suburbs (there were dozens of them in Lviv in the suburbs) to a densely built-up quarter during the XVIII-XIX centuries. However, today in the slums of such neighborhoods with their careful study can be found hidden relics of the original history of the city. The web of neighborhoods laced with dense lace around the city center also has encoded individual pages of unique urban history. The historical and architectural reference plan of the city is a scientific documentation that should reveal all the specific features of different urban planning formations - including the emergence and development of fortification lines, changes in hydrography, changes in street planning, changes of the nature of each quarter. According to the provisions of the State Building Norms for the development of historical and architectural reference plans (2012) should be performed scientific study, analysis and classification of immovable cultural heritage of the city by type (archeology, history, monumental art, architecture, urban planning, landscaping art, natural landscape, science and technology). This study and analysis should end with the definition of the stages of formation of each complex. Characteristic features and values of all objects of cultural heritage by types should be revealed for each city site. Fortifications were a particularly important element in the development of the city structure in the past. Their complexes had the greatest impact on the planning structure of the city. Fortifications often dictated the development of the city in one direction or another. Therefore, the theoretical reconstruction of the stages of development of urban defense systems is an important task for the historical and architectural reference plan. Our research was implemented in the framework of the research topic of the Department of Architecture and Restoration of the National University "Lviv Polytechnic" "Regeneration of historic architectural and urban complexes" (№ state registration 0116U004110).
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Федоренко, Ю. В., and В. П. Сопов. "ТЕХНОЛОГІЯ МОДУЛЬНОГО БУДІВЕЛЬНОГО РІШЕННЯ SPEEDSTAC ДЛЯ ВІДНОВЛЕННЯ ЗРУЙНОВАНОГО ЖИТЛА В УКРАЇНІ." SCIENTIFIC BULLETIN OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 108, no. 2 (2022): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.29295/2311-7257-2022-108-2-44-49.
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Since the start of Russia's military invasion on February 24, 2022 and subsequent hostilities in Ukraine, about 125,000 residential buildings have been destroyed and damaged, including about 13,000 apartment buildings. After the end of the war, an urgent problem will be the quick provision of high-quality housing for about 1 million families who were left with their homes and apartments. Destroyed and damaged buildings require a systematic approach to their restoration or construction of new buildings. The article analyzes the typical destruction of high-rise prefabricated reinforced concrete residential buildings. The Speedstac modular construction solution technology from the Canadian architectural firm WZMH Architects and its research laboratory Sparkbird is proposed for the restoration of damaged and partially destroyed multi-story buildings. An example of the application of this technology for the restoration of one of the districts of Pivdenniy Saltivka in the city of Kharkiv is given.
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Sesha Saiteja, Maddula N. V., K. Sai Sumanth Reddy, D. Radha, and Minal Moharir. "Multi-Core Architecture and Network on Chip: Applications and Challenges." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 239–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.8657.
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Technology improves performance and reduces in size day by day. Reduction in size can increase the density and which in turn can improve the performance. These statements suit very well for the computer architecture improvement. The whole System on Chip (SoC) brought the concept of multiple cores on a single chip. The multi-core or many-core architectures are the future of computing. Technology has improved in reducing the size and increasing the density, but improving the performance to an expectation of including more cores is a challenge of many-core technology. Utilization of all cores and improving the performance of execution by these cores are the challenges to be addressed in a many-core technology. This paper discusses the basics of many core architecture, comparison and applications. Further, it covers the basics of Network on Chip (NoC), architectural components, and various views of current Network on Chip research problems. Research problems include improving the performance of communication by avoiding congested path in routing.
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Haque, AKM Bahalul, Bilal Naqvi, A. K. M. Najmul Islam, and Sami Hyrynsalmi. "Towards a GDPR-Compliant Blockchain-Based COVID Vaccination Passport." Applied Sciences 11, no. 13 (July 1, 2021): 6132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11136132.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has shaken the world and limited work/personal life activities. Besides the loss of human lives and agony faced by humankind, the pandemic has badly hit different sectors economically, including the travel industry. Special arrangements, including COVID test before departure and on arrival, and voluntary quarantine, were enforced to limit the risk of transmission. However, the hope for returning to a normal (pre-COVID) routine relies on the success of the current COVID vaccination drives administered by different countries. To open for tourism and other necessary travel, a need is realized for a universally accessible proof of COVID vaccination, allowing travelers to cross the borders without any hindrance. This paper presents an architectural framework for a GDPR-compliant blockchain-based COVID vaccination passport (VacciFi), whilst considering the relevant developments, especially in the European Union region.
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Peng, Changhai, Lu Huang, and Bangwei Wan. "NOVEL INTEGRATED DESIGN STRATEGIES FOR NET-ZERO-ENERGY SOLAR BUILDINGS (NZESBS) IN NANJING, CHINA." Journal of Green Building 10, no. 3 (September 2015): 89–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.10.3.87.
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The connotations and denotations of the term net-zero-energy solar buildings (NZESBs) have been in constant flux because of continuous developments in solar heating technology, solar photovoltaic (PV) technology, building energy-storage technology, regional energy-storage technology, and energy-management systems. This paper focuses on innovative strategies for implementing NZESBs in Nanjing, China. These strategies include integrated architectural design, including passive solar design (respecting climatic characteristics and conducting integrated planning based on the environment, building orientation, distance between buildings, building shape, ratio of window area to wall area, and building envelope) and active solar design (integration of the solar-energy-collecting end of the system – collectors and PV panels – with the building surface – roof, wall surfaces, balconies, and sun-shading devices – and the integration of solar-energy transfer and storage equipment with the building). Some Nanjing-specific recommendations and findings on NZESBs are proposed. The results illustrate that NZESBs can be realized in Nanjing if solar energy technologies are appropriately integrated with the characteristics of Nanjing's geography, climate and buildings.
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Loy, D. Gareth. "Life and Times of the Samson Box." Computer Music Journal 37, no. 3 (September 2013): 26–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/comj_a_00192.
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Peter Samson designed and built a real-time signal-processing computer for music applications in the 1970s. The Systems Concepts Digital Synthesizer (“Samson Box” for short) was installed at the Center for Computer Research in Music and Acoustics (CCRMA) at Stanford University in 1977, where it served for over a decade as the principal music generation system. It was an important landmark in the transition from general-purpose computers to real-time systems for music and audio, and helped set the stage for the sea change in the music industry from analog to digital technologies that began in the 1980s and continues at a rapid pace today. This article focuses on the historical context of the Samson Box, its development, its impact on the culture of CCRMA and the Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, its use for music research and composition at Stanford, and its role in the transformation of the music and audio industries from analog to digital practices. A list of compositions realized on the Samson Box is included, which shows that from 1978 to its decommissioning in 1992 it was used to create over 100 finished works, many of which were widely performed and were awarded prizes. A companion article provides a detailed architectural review and an interview with Pete Samson.
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EINSLA, BRIAN, ETHAN GLOR, JOHN ROPER, JEFF LEITINGER, NICK NICHOLAS, and SAMANTHA WOODFIN. "The use of hollow sphere pigments as strength additives in paper and paperboard coatings—Part 2: Optimization in paperboard formulations for opacity and strength." November 2020 19, no. 11 (December 1, 2020): 597–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj19.11.597.
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This report aims to summarize the efforts in testing the properties of coatings for paperboard utilizing hollow sphere pigments (HSPs). HSPs are known to effectively scatter light and replace titanium dioxide (TiO2) in architectural coating formulations. The effect of the particle size and void fraction was evaluated, along with many coating parameters, including level of addition, binder chemistry, and blends of two HSPs. The small HSPs that have optimized voids for scattering light showed equivalent strength to the TiO2-containing control. The strength data was surprising, particularly the improvement in strength for coatings containing large particle size HSPs. Because of this increase in strength, four parts of binder could be removed, which allowed for higher brightness while not compromising other properties, including hot melt glueability. These trends held true using different binder chemistries (styrene acrylic, vinyl acrylic, and styrene butadiene). Upon refining the formulations further, blends of two HSPs showed further benefit.
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BENNETT, JIM. "SHARON MACDONALD, Behind the Scenes at the Science Museum. Materializing Culture. Oxford and New York: Berg, 2002. Pp. xiii+293. ISBN 1-85973-571-1. £14.00 (paperback)." British Journal for the History of Science 37, no. 1 (March 2004): 99–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087403215399.
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Sharon Macdonald, Behind the Scenes at the Science Museum. By Jim Bennett 99Charles Mollan, William Davis and Brendan Finucane (eds.), Irish Innovators in Science and Technology. By Enda Leaney 100Pamela O. Long, Openness, Secrecy, Authorship: Technical Arts and the Culture of Knowledge from Antiquity to the Renaissance. By Catherine Eagleton, Karin Tybjerg and Koen Vermeir 101Antonio Clericuzio, Elements, Principles and Corpuscles: A Study of Atomism and Chemistry in the Seventeenth Century. By Christoph Lüthy 103Lisa Silverman, Tortured Subjects: Pain, Truth, and the Body in Early Modern France. By Sean M. Quinlan 105Trevor H. Levere and Gerard L'E. Turner, Discussing Chemistry and Steam: The Minutes of a Coffee House Philosophical Society 1780–1787. By William H Brock 106Claudine Cohen, The Fate of the Mammoth: Fossils, Myth, and History. By Bowdoin Van Riper 107David Elliston Allen, Naturalists and Society: The Culture of Natural History in Britain, 1700–1900. By Jim Endersby 108Roger Luckhurst, The Invention of Telepathy, 1870–1901. By Richard Noakes 110Benjamin H. Yandell, The Honors Class: Hilbert's Problems and Their Solvers. By I. Grattan-Guinness 112Emily Thompson, The Soundscape of Modernity: Architectural Acoustics and the Culture of Listening in America, 1900–1933. By Neil Pemberton 113
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Song, Yiheng, Ziying Wang, Jie Chen, and Jinxiang Chen. "Research Progress on Curved Plates in China: Applications in Architecture." Applied Sciences 12, no. 2 (January 6, 2022): 550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12020550.
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Curved surfaces can give plates a unique aesthetic effect and physical advantages in acoustics and optics. Assembling such curved plates can greatly improve the image of buildings and enrich their functions. It is thus not surprising to notice that their wide applications in designed or completed buildings in China have become a trend. Thus, this study offers a comprehensive summary of the application progress of curved plates in the architectural field from three aspects: image expression, acoustic characteristics, and optical characteristics. On this basis, future directions are proposed. The main findings or suggestions are as follows: (1) climate harshness has increased recently, and the safety of structures and materials and the coupling effect of the two must be fully considered when designing the shapes of curved surface buildings; (2) research on the mechanism and numerical calculation of curved diffuser systems with different sizes and curvatures needs to be further developed; and (3) experimental studies of various and complex curved plates and different conditions to explore their optimal reflectivity, transmittance, absorptivity, and other optical properties will be an important development direction.
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Zheng, Yuming. "Study on the Application of Chinese Traditional Visual Elements in Visual Communication Design." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (August 27, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1020033.
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This study analyzed the data collected from field research and SD questionnaires on the application of traditional elements in Aba Prefecture. This study adopted the multidisciplinary research method integrating linguistics, architecture, art, and statistics of science and technology to discuss the related issues of the cultural industry park, and analyze the expression of traditional art elements in the visual communication of the cultural industry park. First, based on the photographs taken, we analyzed the layout of typical scenes of traditional element applications on the plane, including the analysis of traditional element types, colors, and materials. Second, the SD questionnaire results are displayed and analyzed. From the comprehensive scores of the respondents, we learned that the application of traditional elements has different effects on the architectural landscape. The main results show that (1) the public has a positive attitude toward the expression of traditional culture in the planning and construction of the park. Scenes rich in traditional elements play a positive role in the transmission of traditional culture and the creation of a traditional atmosphere; (2) showing traditional architectural styles and landscape layouts in a reproducible way can more intuitively set off the traditional cultural atmosphere; (3) the texture of the stone wall has certain rules and principles. The arrangement and combination of stones are a plane composition, and the visual characteristics brought by the wall can be specifically analyzed according to the elements of the plane composition. The stone masonry wall is analyzed according to the elements of plane composition, which can be divided into visual elements and relational elements. The visual elements are divided into the size, shape, color, and texture of the image, and the relational elements refer to the relationship between position and arrangement, including orientation, location, and center of gravity.
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Gentilcore, David. "The cistern-system of early modern Venice: technology, politics and culture in a hydraulic society." Water History 13, no. 3 (October 2021): 375–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12685-021-00288-2.
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AbstractAt a time when European cities depended on three sources of fresh water for their domestic and industrial needs—rivers, spring-fed aqueducts and groundwater wells—early modern Venice added a fourth possibility: a dense network of cisterns for capturing, filtering and storing rainwater. Venice was not unique in relying on rainwater cisterns; but nowhere in Italy (indeed in Europe) was the approach so systematic and widespread, the city concerned so populous, the technology so sophisticated and the management so carefully regulated as in the lagoon city. To explore Venice’s cistern-system, a range of primary sources (medical treatises, travellers’ accounts, archival records) and the contributions of architectural, medical and social historians, and archaeologists are analysed. The article examines the system’s functioning and management, including the role of the city’s acquaroli or watermen; the maintenance of freshwater quality throughout the city, in the context of broader sanitation measures; and the place of the “wells” and fresh water in daily life in Venice. As a means of teasing out the myriad links between nature, technology and society in early modern Italy, the article concludes with a brief comparison of the politics of water supply management in the very different urban realities of (republican) Venice, (viceregal) Naples and (papal) Rome.
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Weber, Antoine, and Brian F. G. Katz. "Sound Scattering by Gothic Piers and Columns of the Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Paris." Acoustics 4, no. 3 (August 26, 2022): 679–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/acoustics4030041.
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Although the acoustics of Gothic cathedrals are of interest to researchers, the acoustic impact of their many columns is often neglected. The construction of the Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Paris spanned several centuries, including a wide variety of architectonic elements. This study investigates the sound scattering of a selection of seven designs that are relevant to this building as well as to the architectural style itself. These were measured on scale models (1:8.5 to 1:12), using a subtraction method, for receivers at about 3 m at full scale and a far-field source. They were also numerically simulated using a finite-difference time-domain method in two-dimensional space with an incident plane wave. The method integrates a finite volume framework to employ an unstructured mesh conforming to the complex geometries of interest. The two methods are in strong agreement for the considered configurations. Relative levels to the direct sound of backscattered reflections between −10 dB and 2 dB and between −15 dB and −6 dB in the transverse directions were estimated for the dimensions considered, relative to reported reflection audibility thresholds. Cross-sections with smaller scale geometrical elements on their perimeter can produce diffuse reflections similar to those of surface diffusers.
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Adamtsevich, Aleksey, Andrey Pustovgar, and Liubov Adamtsevich. "Materials for 3D Concrete Printing: Approach to Standardization in Russia." Materials Science Forum 1043 (August 18, 2021): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1043.141.
Full textAbstract:
3D Concrete Printing (3DCP) technology, compared to traditional monolithic construction, gives a possibility to increase the workspeed and reduce the manual laborproportion, reduce material consumption and also improve the architectural appearance of buildings being erected. At the same time, more stringent requirements are imposed on the material for 3D printing in terms of rheological characteristicscontrol, strength developmentkinetics, interplay adhesion and some other parameters than for conventional ready-mixed concrete. Therefore, to ensure the mass application of technologies for additive construction production using concrete as printing ink, it is necessary to develop a regulatory and technical base, including the development of standard test methods to determine the operational properties of this typeofmaterials. The article examines the main trends in the management of the materials’properties for construction 3D printing based on cement binders and describes the principles of building a system for standardizing materials for 3D printing construction in Russia, which was developed with the participation of the authors of this article.
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Wu, Tiange, Guowei Liu, Shenggui Fu, and Fei Xing. "Recent Progress of Fiber-Optic Sensors for the Structural Health Monitoring of Civil Infrastructure." Sensors 20, no. 16 (August 12, 2020): 4517. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20164517.
Full textAbstract:
In recent years, with the development of materials science and architectural art, ensuring the safety of modern buildings is the top priority while they are developing toward higher, lighter, and more unique trends. Structural health monitoring (SHM) is currently an extremely effective and vital safeguard measure. Because of the fiber-optic sensor’s (FOS) inherent distinctive advantages (such as small size, lightweight, immunity to electromagnetic interference (EMI) and corrosion, and embedding capability), a significant number of innovative sensing systems have been exploited in the civil engineering for SHM used in projects (including buildings, bridges, tunnels, etc.). The purpose of this review article is devoted to presenting a summary of the basic principles of various fiber-optic sensors, classification and principles of FOS, typical and functional fiber-optic sensors (FOSs), and the practical application status of the FOS technology in SHM of civil infrastructure.
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Sampa ChauPattnaik, Mitrabinda Ray, and Mitalimadhusmita Nayak. "Fuzzy Set-Based Reliability Estimation." International Journal of Software Innovation 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsi.315733.
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The rapid advancement of computer technology motivates software developers to use commercial off-the-shelf software components for system growth. For particular architectural elements (for instance, components), the reliability criteria associated with testing-based conventional procedures are unknown. In the traditional reliability estimation, the probabilistic method is applied. The source data problem, which depends on a number of factors that may or may not correspond to the real working conditions of the system, is this technique's major shortcoming. The component-based software reliability estimation is based on a number of parameters, including the individual component reliability, transition probability, failure rate, etc. Fuzzy logic converts fuzzy data into useful information, making it easier to develop creative solutions for vague and uncertain concepts based on various factors that influence reliability. To assess the reliability of component-based systems, the authors provide a fuzzy logic technique, which has the ability to improve the question of uncertainty.
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Mail, M., M. Moosmann, P. Häger, and W. Barthlott. "Air retaining grids—a novel technology to maintain stable air layers under water for drag reduction." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 377, no. 2150 (June 10, 2019): 20190126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2019.0126.
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Extreme water repellent ‘superhydrophobic’ surfaces evolved in plants and animals about 450 Ma: a combination of hydrophobic chemistry and hierarchical structuring causes contact angles of greater than 150°. Technical biomimetic applications and technologies for water repellency, self-cleaning (Lotus Effect) and drag reduction (Salvinia Effect) have become increasingly important in the last two decades. Drag reduction (e.g. for ship hulls) requires the presence of a rather thick and persistent air layer under water. All existing technical solutions are based on fragile elastic hairs, micro-pillars or other solitary structures, preferably with undercuts (Salvinia Effect). We propose and provide experimental data for a novel alternative technology to trap persistent air layers by superhydrophobic grids or meshes superimposed to the solid surface: AirGrids. AirGrids provide a simple and stable solution to generate air trapping surfaces for drag reduction under water as demonstrated by first prototypes. Different architectural solutions, including possible recovery techniques for the air layer under hydrodynamic conditions, are discussed. The most promising target backed by first results is the combination of Air Retaining Grids with the existing microbubble technology. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Bioinspired materials and surfaces for green science and technology (part 2)’.
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Saridaki, Maria, and Kim Haugbølle. "Recognising diversity of data management approaches towards lifecycle costing through personas." Journal of Information Technology in Construction 27 (December 2, 2022): 1042–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.36680/j.itcon.2022.051.
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Prompted by the increased interest in and strengthened incentives to apply lifecycle costing (LCC) in the Danish AECO industry, this study aims to improve our understanding of how practitioners may apply new technologies and tools in their design practices. By adopting user-centred design methods, this study explores the diversity of current and potential LCC users as users of technology in general with regard to their characteristics, aspirations and work processes towards data management. The research is based on a single case study analysis of a Danish architectural firm. Data are gathered through mixed methods, including quantitative surveys and qualitative observations and interviews. The findings reveal three user personas: the clip-boarder persona, who manually copies and pastes data from one application to another in order to perform calculations; the spreadsheet expert persona, who prefers to work with spreadsheet-based tools for importing and exporting data between tools; the programmer persona, who uses programming language for integrating data from one application to another. This research provides novel insights on users of technology that can advance integration of LCC in design practices and improve design of more useful adequate LCC tools.