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Anay, Hakan. "Two Evolutionary Models For Reconceptualizing Architectural Ideas And The Architectural Design Process." Phd thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12610023/index.pdf.
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This study puts forward two complementary evolutionary models and explores the potential of the proposed models and the related theses by employing two case studies. The theoretical/conceptual framework of the study refers to architectural theory, design research, and evolutionary epistemology. The study mainly involves application of some key ideas from evolutionary epistemology, Popper’
s three-world ontology, and the theory of evolution to the field of architecture. The first model is about the nature of the architectural ideas or thought contents and it introduces the idea of conceptual inheritance and an evolutionary conception of architectural ideas. The model proposes a framework that offers an understanding of the life and existence of architectural ideas and their inheritance. It also puts forward an expanded view of architectural ideas that conceives all the thought contents, which architectural designs (or works) and the architectural design process might concern, as architectural ideas. In order to illustrate and discuss the model, some of the architectural ideas carried by Mario Botta&
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s single-family house in Breganzona are selected and the evolutionary lineage of these ideas have been identified and examined in their instances in some of Botta&
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s own designs and in some designs from architectural tradition. The second model is an evolutionary model of the architectural design process. While emphasizing the evolutionary or selectionist character of architectural design in terms of process and inner dynamics, the model conceives architectural design as a process consisting of the two stages of forming/making, and evaluation/selection where in the first stage formative ideas, in the second, selective conditions are operational. In order to illustrate the potentialities of the model, the sketches and the drawings produced during the design process of Mario Botta&
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s single-family house in Breganzona are examined.
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Lucena, Márcia Jacyntha Nunes Rodrigues. "STREAM: a systematic process to derive architectural models from requirements models." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2010. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/17108.
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Engenharia de Requisitos (ER) e Projeto de Arquitetura de Software (PAS) são atividades iniciais de um processo de desenvolvimento de software. Desde que sistemas de software atuais apresentam uma crescente complexidade, diversidade e longevidade, o desenvolvimento destes sistemas deve considerar o uso de apropriados métodos e linguagens de modelagens para ER e PAS. Um grande desafio, neste contexto, é o desenvolvimento de métodos sistemáticos para projetar arquiteturas que satisfaçam especificações de requisitos. Além disso, com o uso de processos iterativos e incrementais de desenvolvimento de software considerados como um padrão de fato, uma forte integração entre atividades de ER e PAS podem facilitar a rastreabilidade e a propagação de mudanças entre os modelos produzidos nestas atividades. No entanto, muitos passos para gerar modelos de arquitetura a partir de modelos de requisitos são feitos por intuição ou conhecimento na arquitetura. Esta tese apresenta STREAM (Strategy for Transition between Requirements models and Architectural Models – Estratégia para Transição entre modelos de requisitos e modelos arquiteturais) que é um processo sistemático baseado em transformações de modelos para gerar modelos arquiteturais a partir de modelos de requisitos incluindo regras de transformações horizontais e verticais. As regras horizontais são aplicadas nos modelos de requisitos resultando em modelos intermediários próximos de modelos arquiteturais. Transformações verticais mapeam estes modelos intermediários em modelos arquiteturais. As atividades relacionadas ao projeto arquitetural envolvem seleção e aplicação de padrões arquiteturais que melhor satisfaçam aos requisitos não funcionais. Em nosso trabalho, modelos de requisitos são descritos usando i* (iStar), uma linguagem de modelagem orientada a objetivos definida em termos de atores estratégicos e dependências sociais entre eles. Enquanto que modelos arquiteturais são descritos usando linguagem de descrição arquitetural Acme que fornece um framework estrutural simples para representar arquitetura. Requisitos não funcionais são usados para selecionar entre soluções arquiteturais e determinar os padrões arquiteturais que são aplicados. Dois casos de estudos são usados para mostrar a viabilidade da nossa abordagem: sistema de recomendação Web e um sistema de informação Web.
Requirements engineering (RE) and software architecture design (SAD) are initial activities of a software development process. Since current software systems present increasing complexity, diversity and longevity, their development must consider the use of proper methods and modeling languages both for RE and SAD. A great challenge, in this context, is the development of systematic methods for designing architectures that satisfy requirements specifications. Besides, with the widely use of iterative and incremental software development processes as the de facto standard, a strong integration between RE and SAD activities can facilitate traceability and the propagation of changes between the models produced in these activities. However, many steps toward generating architecture models from requirements models are driven by intuition and architectural knowledge. This thesis presents STREAM (Strategy for Transition between Requirements models and Architectural Models) that is a systematic process based on model transformations to generate architectural models from requirements models and includes horizontal and vertical transformations rules. The horizontal transformations are applied to the requirements models resulting in intermediary requirements models closer to architectural models. Vertical transformations map these intermediary models into architectural models. The activities related to architectural design involves the selection and application of architectural patterns that best satisfy non-functional requirements. In our process, requirements models are described using the i* (iStar), a goal oriented modeling language defined in terms of strategic actors and social dependencies among them. Whereas architectural models are described using the Acme ADL which provides a simple structural framework for representing architectures. Non-functional requirements are used to select among architectural solutions and determine the architectural patterns that are applied. Two real case studies are used to show the feasibility of our process: a web-based recommendation system and a web-based information system.
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Kjølaas, Kari Anne Høier 1974. "Automatic furniture population of large architectural models." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/86455.
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Thesis (S.B. and M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2000.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 65-66).
by Kari Anne Høier Kjølaas.
S.B.and M.Eng.
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Smith, Albert Cowper III. "Architectural model as a machine." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22978.
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Rozestraten, Artur Simões. "Estudo sobre a história dos modelos arquitetônicos na antigüidade: origens e características das primeiras maquetes de arquiteto." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16131/tde-09062009-145825/.
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Este estudo se propõe a identificar dentre os diversos exemplos de modelos arquitetônicos da Antigüidade atualmente conhecidos pela arqueologia e descritos na literatura aqueles que podem ser caracterizados como as primeiras maquetes de arquiteto, isto é, objetos diretamente relacionados ao conhecimento, planejamento e comunicação de conteúdos arquitetônicos. O recuo à Antigüidade se faz necessário na medida em que essa dissertação se propõe a estudar as origens da relação entre modelos tridimensionais e a atividade de arquitetos na cultura ocidental. Em termos cronológicos, este estudo inicia-se cerca de 6.000 anos antes de Cristo e encerra-se no Mundo Romano (séc. V d.C.). Em termos geográficos, este estudo aborda objetos produzidos por culturas do sudeste da Europa neolítica, conjuntos de objetos de culturas do Oriente-Próximo, objetos egípcios, egeanos (cretenses e cicládicos), cipriotas, gregos, villanovianos e romanos. Essa pesquisa conclui que as evidências materiais da existência de maquetes de arquiteto na Antigüidade Clássica são raras e pouco precisas. Alguns objetos no entanto se aproximam dessa caracterização e merecem estudos futuros mais aprofundados, são eles: o conjunto de tijolos miniatura de Tepe Gawra (c. 3500 a.C.); o modelo egípcio de Dashour (1990-1730 a.C.); o modelo minóico de Arkhanes (1.700-1.630 a.C.); os modelos romanos de Óstia (séc. I a.C.), o modelo de templo de Niha (séc. II d.C.), o modelo de teatro de Baalbek (séc. II d.C.), e o modelo de stadium de Villa Adriana (séc. II d.C.).This study intends to identify the first architects models among the several architectural models already known and presented in literature. Architects models are third-dimensional objects directly related to knowledge, planning and communication of architectural matters. Recession to Antiquity seems necessary in order to study the origins of the relation between three-dimensional model and architects work in the western world. Chronologically this study begins at 6.000 b.C. and ends at the Roman world (c. 200 a.D.). In geographical terms this study focuses objects produced by Neolithic Southeastern European cultures, Near Eastern cultures, Egyptian culture, Aegean cultures (Cretan and Cycladic), Cypriot, Greek, Villanovian and Roman cultures. Material evidences for architects models are rare and inaccurate all over Antiquity. Nevertheless some few objects are very close to architects work deserving deeper future studies: the miniature brick ensemble from Tepe Gawra (c. 3.500 a.C.); the Egyptian Dahshours model (1.990-1.730 a.C.); the minoan model of Arkhanes (1.700-1.630 a.C.) and the Roman models of Ostia (I a.C.), Niha, Baalbek and Villa Adriana (II d.C.).
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Silva, Jefferson de Oliveira. "An architectural model for access control frameworks extensible for different authorization models." Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, 2013. http://www.bd.bibl.ita.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2840.
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Authorization in its most basic form can be reduced to a simple question: "a subject X may access a resource Y?" A subject is a process, which is the representative of a user or an active external agent in a system. A resource is anything worth protecting such as files or services. The attempt to implement an adequate response to the authorization question has produced many access control models and mechanisms. The development of the authorization mechanisms usually employs frameworks, as a way of reusing larger portions of software. The present authorization context has demanded for applications able to handle security policies of multiple access control models. Industry has resolved this problem in a pragmatic way, by mingling business and authorization concerns into the code. This dissertation thesis proposes an extensible and decoupled architectural model, which allows the separation of authorization from business concerns. The Esfinge Guardian framework is proposed, instantiated based on the architectural model and made available as an open source tool. An application is created as an experiment, in which some authorization scenarios have been implemented and the achieved modularity is evaluated. Additionally, a comparative analysis among academic and industry frameworks is realized. As a result, software developers using Esfinge Guardian should be able to write code respecting the software engineering principle of separation of concerns.
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Argote, Garcia Gonzalo. "Formal verification and testing of software architectural models." FIU Digital Commons, 2009. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1308.
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Ensuring the correctness of software has been the major motivation in software research, constituting a Grand Challenge. Due to its impact in the final implementation, one critical aspect of software is its architectural design. By guaranteeing a correct architectural design, major and costly flaws can be caught early on in the development cycle. Software architecture design has received a lot of attention in the past years, with several methods, techniques and tools developed. However, there is still more to be done, such as providing adequate formal analysis of software architectures. On these regards, a framework to ensure system dependability from design to implementation has been developed at FIU (Florida International University). This framework is based on SAM (Software Architecture Model), an ADL (Architecture Description Language), that allows hierarchical compositions of components and connectors, defines an architectural modeling language for the behavior of components and connectors, and provides a specification language for the behavioral properties. The behavioral model of a SAM model is expressed in the form of Petri nets and the properties in first order linear temporal logic.
This dissertation presents a formal verification and testing approach to guarantee the correctness of Software Architectures. The Software Architectures studied are expressed in SAM. For the formal verification approach, the technique applied was model checking and the model checker of choice was Spin. As part of the approach, a SAM model is formally translated to a model in the input language of Spin and verified for its correctness with respect to temporal properties. In terms of testing, a testing approach for SAM architectures was defined which includes the evaluation of test cases based on Petri net testing theory to be used in the testing process at the design level. Additionally, the information at the design level is used to derive test cases for the implementation level. Finally, a modeling and analysis tool (SAM tool) was implemented to help support the design and analysis of SAM models. The results show the applicability of the approach to testing and verification of SAM models with the aid of the SAM tool.
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Radjenovic, Aleksandar. "View Consistency in Architectural Models of Dependable Systems." Thesis, University of York, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.507572.
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Robertson, Duncan Paul. "Recovering geometric models from photographs of architectural scenes." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.616042.
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Mindrup, Matthew. "Assembling the Ineffable in Kurt Schwitters’ Architectural Models." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26502.
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During the early 1920s, the German artist and poet, Kurt Schwitters, developed a method of creating models of architecture using found objects based upon his Merz approach to art. While many leading architects joined the Arbeitsrat für Kunst and Bruno Tautâ s Gläserne Kette at the end of World War I to speculate upon what to build for the new post-war German architecture, Schwitters challenged the predominant views by probing how it could be designed through models. Compared to the normative practice of molding clay and casting plaster into scale models after completed designs, Schwitters assembled found objects into two models, Haus Merz during 1920 and Schloss und Kathedrale mit Hoffbrunnen in 1922, to imagine new combinations and transformations of material, form and space in building designs. Schwittersâ Merz interpretation of found objects as models of architecture held that all materials have an ineffable transitory content that contributes to their identities as natural or man-made utilitarian things. In the Christian medieval exegesis of religious objects, the interpretation of materials as a dichotomy of visible form and invisible content was described as â anagogy.â However, unlike this Christian conception of the invisible that was transcendental and a priori, the anagogical Merz interpretation seeks to find the invisible within the visible through the active imagination of found materials assembled as a model of architecture. This dissertation examines Schwittersâ proposed use of found objects to construct architectural models as an anagogical approach to the material imagination of architecture.Ph. D.
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Osmanoglu, Esin. "An Architectural Study On Miniature Parks And Miniature Models: Miniaturk." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605751/index.pdf.
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This thesis is an architectural study surveying on miniature parks and miniature models exhibited in them and particularly focuses on Miniaturk - the first miniature park of Turkey- located in Istanbul. It is established as an environment containing a group of miniature models of buildings and landscapes, which display the variety, and richness of the cultural tradition of the previous and contemporary Anatolian civilizations, and especially Ottoman grandeur. In this study, it is argued that Miniaturk stands as a hybrid category between a museum, a public park and entertainment centre. Miniaturk is also conceived as an architectural environment providing a possible ground to discuss the conceptions, misconceptions and presuppositions about architecture in the popular realm and in the professional and disciplinary framework. Thereby, Miniaturk is investigated through the processes of its production including the initial design idea and all the stages of its construction.
This study also tries to discuss the miniature models from different points of view. Whether they are considered as tools of architectural representation or not by the professionals, the popularity and the communicative advantage of these models can be used to arouse interest in the cultural and historical heritage as well as the contemporary architecture. The daily life of man on the street is strictly connected with architecturetherefore Miniaturk requires recognition as an environment for realization of these connections and relations.
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Kiaer, Ian. "Endless house : models of thought for dwelling." Thesis, Royal College of Art, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.602325.
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The following thesis is a 38,400 word document of a part-time PhD by project undertaken at the painting department of The Royal College of Art between October 2002 and September 2008. The purpose of this research has been to reflect on how an expansive interpretation of the architectural model operates as a mode of fragmentary thought for dwelling. I extend critical / theoretical approaches to the use of the model within my art practice, and its equivalent, 'the essay form,' in the written component of the thesis. I begin by deflning the use of the model within a speciflc work I made early in the project, and also discuss the model's ability to operate between more rigidly deflned disciplines of knowledge. I use Benjamin's notion of immanent critique to reflect on the poeticised potential of the model form to unfold information, by probing the rapport between materials and motifs, groupings and spacings and the made and the found. I also show how the process of thought through the material development of the work, informed an equivalent fragmentary approach to writing. In the four main chapters, I attend to a critical pairing four Bruegel paintings and four particular buildings to understand how both painting and building can be revealed as a thought model for dwelling. The chapters in the following order read Bruegel's Fall of Icarus in relation to Casa Malaparte, Procession to Calvary with Melnikov's Cylindical House Studio, The Tower of Babel with Kiesler's unbuilt notion of The Endless House, and flnally the two dwellings initiated by Wittgenstein with Hunters in the Snow. I conclude by returning briefly to a recent piece of my own work to consider how the model of thought for dwelling has developed within my current practice.
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Craig, David Latch. "Perceptual simulation and analogical reasoning in design." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/23940.
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Wessel, Raoul [Verfasser]. "Shape Retrieval Methods for Architectural 3D Models / Raoul Wessel." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1048091503/34.
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FELIX, MARCELO FAGUNDES. "FORMAL ANALYSIS OF SOFTWARE MODELS ORIENTED BY ARCHITECTURAL ABSTRACTIONS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2004. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=5542@1.
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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIORAtualmente, podemos observar uma clara tendência na direção de sistemas cada vez maiores e mais complexos quanto às suas partes e formas de interconexão. Num cenário como este, torna-se imperativa a preocupação com a modelagem da estrutura, organização geral e formas de interação presentes nesses sistemas, assim como com as garantias de que certos requisitos críticos sejam atendidos. O contexto de nosso trabalho engloba disciplinas de Engenharia de Software, como Arquitetura de Software e Técnicas de Modelagem, e disciplinas mais formais como Verificação de Modelos, Lógicas Modais e Álgebras de Processos. Nosso trabalho tem inspirações nestas disciplinas mas apresenta, de fato, um cunho metodológico, localizando-se nas fronteiras da ES com Métodos Formais, onde buscamos investigar e estabelecer uma forma sistemática para utilização efetiva de métodos formais logo nas etapas iniciais do desenvo lvimento. Mais especificamente, mostramos como é possível, a partir de modelos baseados em abstrações arquiteturais, obter-se sistematicamente um modelo formal sobre o qual possamos realizar certos tipos de análise comportamental. Nossa proposta inclui um sistema notacional básico para expressar modelos arquiteturais, junto com sua semântica formal, e um protótipo construído para dar suporte a tarefas de especificação e análise formal orientadas por abstrações arquiteturais. Com isto, pretendemos abordar alguns dos aspectos essenciais de uma metodologia de desenvolvimento que integre ferramentas e técnicas formais na etapa de modelagem arquitetural.
There is a trend nowadays towards bigger and more complex systems concerning their parts and interconnectivity. In such scenario, modeling structure, overall organization and interaction have become a main concern, as well as fulfillment of mission critical requirements. The scope of our work encompasses Software Engineering related subjects such as Software Architecture, Modeling Techniques and more formal disciplines like Model Checking, Modal Logics and Process Algebra. Although inspired by such techniques, there is, indeed a methodological orientation in our work, traversing the boundaries of Software Engineering with Formal Methods, through which we seek to investigate and establish a systematic way for the effective utilization of formal methods in the first steps of software development. Still, more specifically, we show how it is possible, starting from models based on architectural abstractions, to systematically produce a formal model upon which we can execute certain forms of behavior analysis. Our proposal includes a basic notational system to express architectural models along with their formal semantics and a prototype built to support specification and formal analysis tasks oriented by architectural abstractions. With this, we intend to stress some essential aspects of a development methodology which aims to integrate tools and formal techniques to software modeling.
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Ortega-Arjona, J. L. "Architectural patterns for Parallel Programming : models for performance estimation." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2007. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444499/.
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Parallel Programming relies on the coordination of computing resources, so that they simultaneously work towards a common objective. Achieving this requires extra effort from the software designer, because of the increased complexity involved. Furthermore, as Parallel Programming is considered a means to improve performance, the software designer has to consider sophisticated and cost-effective practices and techniques for performance measurement and analysis. In particular, it is of great interest to obtain performance information during design stages and before implementation, since this enables the software developer to select the organisation of computations and communications between components. The Architectural Performance Modelling Method is presented as a criteria for selecting the organisation of a parallel program based on estimating its probable per formance. By considering a parallel program as an instance of a software architecture, it can be described in terms of interacting software components. Such components can be classified depending on their particular objective and their rate of change, for example, as components associated with the hardware and software environment (or Platform), components representing the fundamental structural organisation for execution and communication (or Coordination), and so on. The performance of a parallel program can be estimated as the result of the contribution of each one of those kinds of components. An Architectural Performance Model is based on selecting from the Architectural Patterns for Parallel Programming (descriptions of coodinations commonly used in Parallel Programming), a component simulator (representing a simulation of a processing component's behaviour), and a performance analysis of parallel applications (in which the information on system performance is examined). Parallel programs simulated using the Architectural Performance Modelling Method range from a complete parallel pro gram to a partially implemented program design. The simulation of parallel systems, using the information about the problem to be solved, the available resources, and architectural patterns describing overall coordinations of the parallel programs, makes it possible to identify the best performing architectural solution for the system being built.
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Rotelli, Vanderlei. "Maquetes: o estado da arte." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16132/tde-05072017-100041/.
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Este estudo se propõe a falar sobre as maquetes de apresentação, que são executadas por profissionais especializados, para o Mercado Imobiliário. Foi feito um levantamento sobre como este mercado trabalha atualmente no Brasil, estudando metodologias, materiais e maquinários utilizados. Para tanto, foram feitas visitas técnicas a três das principais empresas especializadas no setor, documentando fotograficamente as formas de trabalho, os materiais mais utilizados e quais máquinas podem ser encontradas. Foi analisada, também, uma das inovações mais recentes e revolucionárias nesta área que é a Fabricação Digital (FD), que, além de influenciar diretamente o setor de construção de maquetes, está alterando a metodologia de trabalho dos arquitetos e designers, pois torna muito mais tênue a linha entre o desenho digital e a execução do modelo físico. Para tanto, foi feita uma visita técnica em um dos doze FabLabs Livres SP, abertos a todos os interessados na cidade de São Paulo, onde foi avaliado omaquinário disponível e suas possibilidades de uso, bem como o acesso aesta nova tecnologia disponibilizada pela Prefeitura Municipal de São Paulo. Estes Laboratórios são abertos ao público e oferecem, além do acesso direto às máquinas, cursos que ensinam a projetar e utilizar esta nova tecnologia.This study intends to talk about the models of presentation, which are carried out by specialized professionals, for the Real Estate Market. A survey was made on how this market currently works in Brazil, studying methodologies, materials and machinery used. For that, technical visits were made to three of the main companies specialized in this sector, photographically documenting the forms of work, the most used materials and which machines were found there. It was also analyzed one of the most recent and revolutionary innovations in this area that is Digital Fabrication (FD), which, in addition to directly influencing the model construction sector, is changing the architects\' and designers\' working methodology since it makes thinner the line between the digital drawing and the completion of the physical model. A technical visit was made to one of the twelve FabLabs Livres SP, open to all interested in the city of São Paulo, where the available machinery and their possibilities of use were evaluated, as well as the access to this new technology provided by the City Hall Municipality of São Paulo. These laboratories are open to the public and offer courses on how to design and use this new technology. In addition, they offer direct access to the machines.
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Yan, Liren. "Generation and visualization of three-dimensional architectural models in VRML." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0001/MQ31660.pdf.
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Wang, Xin. "Deriving software performance models from architectural patterns by graph transformations." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0019/MQ48496.pdf.
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Bose, Mallika. "Models of examining architectural problem solving activity : / a descriptive study." Kansas State University, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/36105.
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Wang, Xin Carleton University Dissertation Engineering Systems and Computer. "Deriving software performance models from architectural patterns by graph transformations." Ottawa, 1999.
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Wong, Chung-ho Richard. "Manipulating configurable architecture models using hierarchical structure /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B24733799.
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Vieira, Erica Pinheiro. "Produção digital de maquetes arquitetonicas : um estudo exploratorio." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/257720.
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Orientador: Maria Gabriela Caffarena CelaniDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
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Resumo: Este trabalho consiste em um estudo exploratório sobre a produção digital de maquetes arquitetônicas. Inicialmente, foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica com a finalidade de conhecer os novos métodos de produção digital de maquetes, incluindo software de modelagem e equipamentos de prototipagem rápida. Nesse estudo inicial, além de explorar os principais equipamentos, processos, aplicações e materiais, identificou-se dois arquitetos renomados que fazem uso dessa tecnologia nos seus processos de projeto: Frank Gehry e Norman Foster. Deste estudo verificou-se processos distintos de projeto e diferentes abordagens sobre a utilização dessas ferramentas, o que motivou a realização de experimentos para exemplificar como produzir digitalmente maquetes arquitetônicas. O Museu Guggenheim de Bilbao, de Frank Gehry, foi escolhido como variável fixa para realização dos experimentos de produção digital de maquetes, por ser um modelo de grande complexidade, permitindo testar os limites dos equipamentos de prototipagem rápida disponíveis no Laboratório de Prototipagem para Arquitetura e Construção (LAPAC) da FEC ¿ Unicamp e no Centro de Pesquisas Renato Archer (CenPRA). Além disso, foram testadas diferentes técnicas e materiais, inclusive materiais alternativos, com o objetivo de viabilização econômica. Os resultados comprovaram que o processo de produção digital de maquetes arquitetônicas é viável em termos de procedimentos, de custo, de materiais disponíveis no mercado, qualidade das maquetes produzidas e rapidez na execução. A partir das conclusões obtidas nos experimentos realizados foi elaborado um caderno de recomendações para a confecção de maquetes que será utilizado pelos usuários do LAPAC e que servirá como importante ferramenta de auxílio para os iniciantes na produção digital de maquetes arquitetônicas. Espera-se que os resultados desta pesquisa possam auxiliar a estabelecer diretrizes para a incorporação dessas técnicas e equipamentos em disciplinas de projeto e na prática de arquitetura
Abstract: The present work is an exploratory study about the digital fabrication of architectural models. It started with a literature review, with the aim of getting in contact with the new digital methods for making models and prototypes, from modeling software to rapid prototyping equipment, processes, materials and applications. Still in this initial study the work of two well-known architects, Frank Gehry and Norman Foster, who use rapid prototyping techniques in their design process, was analyzed. From this part of the research it was possible to conclude that the different approaches that architects have to the design process is reflected in the way they use digital techniques for making their models. The second part of the research consisted of a series of experiments with the objective of illustrating the digital production of architectural models. For these experiments, Frank Gehry's Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao was chosen as a fixed variable for the production of models, due to its geometric complexity, which allowed to push the use of the available rapid prototyping equipment to their limits. Only the equipment available at FEC-UNICAMP's (Laboratório de Prototipagem para Arquitetura e Construção - LAPAC) and CENPRA's (Laboratório de Prototipagem Rápida do Centro de Pesquisas Renato Archer) laboratories were used. They consisted of a 3d printer, a fusion deposition modeller (FDM) machine, and a laser cutter. Different techniques and materials were tested in these machines, with the objective of evaluating the quality and economic viability of the resulting models. The results showed that the digital production of architectural models is viable for use in Brazilian architecture schools, in terms of procedures, cost, availability of materials, time spent and quality of the models. Finally, a manual with recommendations and tips was produced, with the aim of helping students build their own models using rapid prototyping equipment. We hope that the results of this research will help guiding the incorporation of these techniques in architecture education and practice in Brazil
Mestrado
Arquitetura e Construção
Mestre em Engenharia Civil
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黃仲豪 and Chung-ho Richard Wong. "Manipulating configurable architecture models using hierarchical structure." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31223618.
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Björnander, Stefan. "Methods and Tool Support for Analyzing Architectural Models of Embedded Systems." Licentiate thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-14521.
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Embedded systems are ubiquitous in the modern world. They are microcomputers most often included incomplete devices consisting of software and hardware. Embedded systems range from small devices to large systems monitoring and controlling complex processes. Design and development of such systems is a complex task, since embedded systems often need to fulfill extra-functional requirements, on top of functional ones, within constrained amounts of platform resources. Some embedded systems are mission critical; hence, they are not allowed to fail during the mission. One way to ensure that a system works in accordance to its specification is to define the system in an Architecture Description Language (ADL) and apply formal verification methods. The Architecture Design and Analysis Language (AADL) has become popular in the avionic and automobile industry, and is equipped with several annexes, among them the Behavior Annex. However, AADL still misses a formal semantics, which prevents the possibility to prove correctness of architecture features by performing model checking on AADL models. Moreover, AADL does not support time annotations, which prevents modeling of real-time systems in AADL. In this thesis, we address these issues by presenting a formal analysis framework including a denotationalsemantics for a subset of the AADL and its Behavior Annex, which evaluates properties defined in Computation Tree Logic (CTL) by providing model checking. Model checking is a formal verification method that has proved to be powerful as well as effective. Our AADL-semantics is supported by a tool with an implementation of the semantics in Standard ML, which in turn is encapsulated in an Eclipse plugin.We also present a time annotation extension of AADL, implemented in a tool translating time annotated AADL and its Behavior Annex into the Timed Abstract State Machine (TASM) for simulation of real-time features. Another closely related problem is how to achieve optimal component distribution; in order to address this issue we have developed a tool that perform near-optional component distribution in regard to a series of parameters. The research results, which have been validated thought case studies, provides the possibility for a system engineer to model a system and prove its correctness. The research has been conducted in the context of the PROGRESS research center, for predictable embedded software systems.
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DEL, BONO ELISA M. "ARCHITECTURAL CONSERVATION RECORDS: DRAWING UPON MUSEUM AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONSERVATION RECORDING MODELS." The University of Arizona, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/555241.
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Pinheiro, Cavalcante Maciel A. "Interaction in architectural review meetings : seeking models of collective concept creation." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2015. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1464267/.
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This research examines in detail the concept stage of architectural design, giving emphasis on the strategic behaviour in collaborative concept design activity, exploring how this can inform digital tools and workflows in the architectural digital prototyping process. To attain this, this research has been developed in four complementary stages: a survey investigating some aspects of common knowledge in design practice, an ethnography of design review meetings; experiments measuring specific aspects found in this ethnography; and finally an investigation of the findings as game theoretical model, proposing variations of strategic behaviour within this workflow. To start with, the survey was conducted to identify views on collaborative work. This informed an ethnography, using a series of video-reflection interviews of the documented social situations. This empirical data, including focus interview, eye tracking and qualitative questionnaires were then coded for semantic analyses to identify meaningful patterns of behaviour and a number of selected themes related to this value seeking behaviour, composing an ethnographic monograph. Focusing on one aspect of the ethnography, ‘the adaptive behaviour of designers’, two controlled experiments were conducted to observe the designers response to changes. For this, hardware and software were developed to register the interaction between designers. The data collected, including before and after questionnaires, were explored to give insights into how architects articulate knowledge to realise value in design. A series of game-theoretical models were developed as a unifying framework for these observations. They vary from simpler, strategic games with a conservative equilibrium, to extensive, incomplete and imperfect games. Although here the initial ambition was to test mechanism designs to yield desirable outcomes, the study is limited to modelling observations and reflecting on alternative design workflows. For the study conclusion, we reflect on these interaction models as a mechanism to promote cohesion on knowledge management in the production of building information models, whereby architects would be able to explore, retrieve and transform designs in an unobtrusive collaborative workflow by recycling assets in a non-destructive fashion. The scope of this research hopes to characterise negotiations and problematisation in the architectural design process, examining dynamics of decision making between architects unfolds to identify and create value in the early design process.
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Chen, Zhixin. "An investigation of acoustic impulse response measurement and modeling for small rooms." Diss., Montana State University, 2007. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2007/chen/ChenZ1207.pdf.
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Heras, Lluís-Pere de las. "Relational models for visual understanding of graphical documents. Application to architectural drawings." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/284974.
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Els documents gráfics són documents que expressen continguts semántics utilitzant
majoritáriament un llenguatge visual. Aquest llenguatge está format per un vocabulari
(símbols) i una sintaxi (relacions estructurals entre els símbols) que conjuntament
manifesten certs conceptes en un context determinat. Per tant, la interpretació dun
document gráfic per part dun ordinador implica tres fases. (1) Ha de ser capadçe
detectar automáticament els símbols del document. (2) Ha de ser capadç extreure les
relacions estructurals entre aquests símbols. I (3), ha de tenir un model del domini per
tal poder extreure la semántica. Exemples de documents gráfics de diferents dominis
són els planells darquitectural i d’enginyeria, mapes, diagrames de flux, etc.
El Reconeixement de Gráfics, dintre de lárea de recerca de Análisi de Documents,
neix de la necessitat de la indústria dinterpretar la gran quantitat de documents gráfics
digitalitzats a partir de laparició de lescáner. Tot i que molts anys han passat daquests
inicis, el problema de la interpretació automática de documents sembla encara estar
lluny de ser solucionat. Básicament, aquest procés sha alentit per una raó principal:
la majoria dels sistemes dinterpretació que han estat presentats per la comunitat són
molt centrats en una problemática específica, en el que el domini del document marca
clarament la implementació del mètode. Per tant, aquests mètodes són difícils de
ser reutilitzats en daltres dades i marcs daplicació, estancant així la seva adopció i
evolució en favor del progrés.
En aquesta tesi afrontem el problema de la interpretació automática de documents
gráfics a partir dun seguit de models relacionals que treballen a tots els nivells
del problema, i que han estat dissenyats des dun punt de vista genèric per tal de que
puguin ser adaptats a diferents dominis. Per una part, presentem 3 mètodes diferents
per a lextracció dels símbols en un document. El primer tracta el problema des dun
punt de vista estructural, en el que el coneixement general de lestructura dels símbols
permet trobar-los independentment de la seva aparença. El segon és un mètode estad
ístic que aprèn laparença dels símbols automáticament i que, per tant, sadapta a
la gran variabilitat del problema. Finalment, el tercer mètode és una combinació
dambdós, heretant els beneficis de cadascun dels mètodes. Aquesta tercera implementaci
ó no necessita de un aprenentatge previ i a més sadapta fácilment a múltiples
notacions gráfiques. D’altra banda, presentem dos mètodes per a la extracció del context
visuals. El primer mètode segueix una estratègia bottom-up que cerca les relacions
estructurals en una representació de graf mitjançant algorismes dintel_ligència artificial.
La segona en canvi, és un mètode basat en una gramática que mitjançant un model
probabilístic aprèn automáticament lestructura dels planells. Aquest model guia la
interpretació del document amb certa independència de la implementació algorísmica.
Finalment, hem definit una base del coneixement fent confluir una definició ontol`ogica
del domini amb dades reals. Aquest model ens permet raonar les dades des dun punt
de vista contextual i trobar inconsistències semántiques entre les dades. Leficiència
daquetes contribucions han estat provades en la interpretació de planells darquitectura.
Aquest documents no tenen un estándard establert i la seva notació gráfica
i inclusió dinformació varia de planell a planell. Per tant, és un marc rellevant del
problema de reconeixement gráfic. A més, per tal de promoure la recerca en termes
de interpretació de documents gráfics, fem públics tant les dades, leina per generar
les dades i els evaluadors del rendiment.Graphical documents express complex concepts using a visual language. This language consists of a vocabulary (symbols) and a syntax (structural relations among symbols) that articulate a semantic meaning in a certain context. Therefore, the automatic interpretation of these sort of documents by computers entails three main steps: the detection of the symbols, the extraction of the structural relations among these symbols, and the modeling of the knowledge that permits the extraction of the semantics. Different domains in graphical documents include: architectural and engineering drawings, maps, flowcharts, etc. Graphics Recognition in particular and Document Image Analysis in general are born from the industrial need of interpreting a massive amount of digitalized documents after the emergence of the scanner. Although many years have passed, the graphical document understanding problem still seems to be far from being solved. The main reason is that the vast majority of the systems in the literature focus on a very specific problems, where the domain of the document dictates the implementation of the interpretation. As a result, it is difficult to reuse these strategies on different data and on different contexts, hindering thus the natural progress in the field. In this thesis, we face the graphical document understanding problem by proposing several relational models at different levels that are designed from a generic perspective. Firstly, we introduce three different strategies for the detection of symbols. The first method tackles the problem structurally, wherein general knowledge of the domain guides the detection. The second is a statistical method that learns the graphical appearance of the symbols and easily adapts to the big variability of the problem. The third method is a combination of the previous two inheriting their respective strengths, i.e. copes the big variability and does not need of annotated data. Secondly, we present two relational strategies that tackle the problem of the visual context extraction. The first one is a full bottom up method that heuristically searches in a graph representation the contextual relations among symbols. Contrarily, the second is syntactic method that models probabilistically the structure of the documents. It automatically learns the model, which guides the inference algorithm to counter the best structural representation for a given input. Finally, we construct a knowledge-based model consisting of an ontological definition of the domain and real data. This model permits to perform contextual reasoning and to detect semantic inconsistencies within the data. We evaluate the suitability of the proposed contributions in the framework of floor plan interpretation. Since there is no standard in the modeling of these documents, there exists an enormous notation variability and the sort of information included in the documents also varies from plan to plan. Therefore, floor plan understanding is a relevant task in the graphical document understanding problem. It is also worth to mention that, we make freely available all the resources used in this thesis (the data, the tool used to generate the data, and the evaluation scripts) aiming at fostering the research in graphical document understanding task.
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Dockhorn, Costa Patrícia. "Architectural support for context-aware applications: from context models to services platforms." Enschede : University of Twente [Host], 2007. http://doc.utwente.nl/58357.
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Edum-Fotwe, Kwamina. "Procedural reconstruction of architectural parametric models from airborne and ground laser scans." Thesis, University of Bath, 2018. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.767574.
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This research addresses the problem of efficiently and robustly reconstructing semantically-rich 3D architectural models from laser-scanned point-clouds. It first covers the pre-existing literature and industrial developments in active-sensing, 3D reconstruction of the built-environment and procedural modelling. It then documents a number of novel contributions to the classical problems of change-detection between temporally varying multi-modal geometric representations and automatic 3D asset creation from airborne and ground point-clouds of buildings. Finally this thesis outlines on-going research and avenues for continued investigation - most notably fully automatic temporal update and revision management for city-scale CAD models via data-driven procedural modelling from point-clouds. In short this thesis documents the outcomes of a research project whose primary aim was to engineer fast, accurate and sparse building reconstruction algorithms. Formally: this thesis puts forward the hypothesis (and advocates) that architectural reconstruction from actively-sensed point-clouds can be addressed more efficiently and affording greater control (over the geometric results) - via deterministic procedurally-driven analysis and optimisation than via stochastic sampling.
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BHAT, RAVINDRA K. "VISUALIZATION USING COMPUTER GENERATED 3D MODELS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS IN ARCHITECTURAL PRACTICE." The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/555416.
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Xiao, Jianxiong. "Image-based building modeling /." View abstract or full-text, 2009. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CSED%202009%20XIAO.
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Graves, Margaret Susanna. "Worlds writ small : four studies on miniature architectural forms in the medieval Middle East." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5489.
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While academic discussion of ornament within medieval Islamic art has laboured much over the codification and meaning of certain forms, there has been relatively little research to date on the visual and iconographic function of architecture as ornament in this context. Those few authors that have dealt with this issue have focused overwhelmingly on two-dimensional architectural representations, largely ignoring the considerable body of portable objects from the medieval Middle East that imitate architecture through three-dimensional forms, whether in a mimetically coherent fashion or in a more elliptical or reconfigured manner. This thesis proposes, first and foremost, that there is significant cultural meaning inherent in the use of architecture as an inspiration for the non-essential formal qualities of portable objects from the medieval Islamic world. Through iconographic analysis of the relationships that such objects form with architecture, an understanding of both full-size architecture and its miniature incarnations in the medieval urban context is advanced within the thesis. To maximise the intellectual scope of the study whilst still enabling an in-depth treatment of the material, four discrete studies of different object groups are presented. All of these are thought to date from approximately 1000 to 1350 CE, and to come from the core Middle Eastern territories of Persia, Syria and Egypt. The first chapter examines the glazed ceramic ‘house models’ believed to originate in late or post-Seljuq Persia. The second discusses six-sided ceramic tables from the same milieu, and more numerous related tables produced in Syria during the same period. In the third chapter carved marble jar stands from Cairo, apparently produced from the twelfth century onwards, are analysed. The final chapter, on metalwork, broadens its approach to encompass two very different strains of production: inkwells from Khurasan and incense burners from the breadth of the Middle East. Because much of the thesis focuses on material that has been dramatically understudied, it performs the primary action of compiling examples of each of the object types under study. Though this information is presented as a catalogue vi sommaire, this component of the thesis is not regarded as an end in itself. The major tasks of the thesis are the identification of the architectural tropes that are being evoked within each object group, analysis of the manner in which those forms have been modified to suit the miniature context of the objects, and the location of meaning within such diminutive evocations of architectural form. Through comparisons with other objects, full-size architecture, two-dimensional representations of architecture and historical texts, the thesis moves discourse on this type of motif in Islamic art beyond the traditional and sometimes superficial discussion of ‘ornament’, re-setting architectural iconography within larger contexts of urbanisation and city culture of the medieval Islamic world.
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Horin, Brett. "Applying Computational Fluid Dynamic Simulations and Predictive Models to Determine Control Schedules for Natural Ventilation." Thesis, Illinois Institute of Technology, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10843192.
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This thesis investigates natural ventilation in building design, culminating in a final project to design optimal ventilation in an underground parking garage. The aim of this research is to explore a method combining computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations with neural networks as a means of performing a robust, yet computationally inexpensive simulation. The final project has the objective of simulating an annual operation schedule for louvers at the openings of the garage to achieve a desired airflow rate. Concepts in computational design and building science are explored to fully capture how the geometric domain of architectural modeling can be expressed in computational parameters to successfully perform effective simulations. It was important to make these workflows accessible to architects, so common software in the architecture industry was used. The results of this project support a coupled approach of using CFD simulations and neural networks to predict airflow parameters of interest. Validation CFD simulation results were compared to the results using the neural network and they were in good agreement. Ultimately, this project proves that using this approach is a relatively computationally inexpensive alternative to solely using CFD simulations, making design optimization possible.
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Delport, Hermie Elizabeth. "Towards design-build architectural education and practice : exploring lessons from educational design-build projects." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2393.
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Thesis (DTech (Architectural Technology))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016.This research explores design-build projects in architectural education. The design-build studio is an alternative to the conventional theory-oriented studio. In design-build projects students both design and build real buildings. Internationally, design-build projects have increased rapidly in architectural programmes over the past decade. Literature suggests that design-build projects are relevant for architectural education, but that there is a definite need for more theoretical and critical exploration. Design-build projects in the context of this study are defined as socially responsive, inhabitable, full-scale investigations. The value of this pedagogical construct for educators, students, architectural practice and society in general was an underpinning theme guiding this exploration. Design-build projects are located on the boundary between theory and practice. This research provides a view into my journey across this boundary, immersing myself in both the theoretical and practical. Principles of the designbuild process and design research mapped the research path. The research process commenced with the initiation of and active participation in a number of design-build constructions. Through critical reflection on the construction experiences and the literature, specific pedagogical and practice implications were explored. Cultural historical activity theory provided me with a sense of theoretical direction in this journey. Collaboration as a pedagogical tool and the possibility of exposing students to alternative practice possibilities were foregrounded as being uniquely situated within the design-build project. The value of this research is the contribution it makes to the current international call for a clearer understanding of the pedagogical and practice merit of design-build projects.
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Yngvesson, Lisa, and Erik Adolfsson. "The impact of scale when using models of daylight analysis." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Byggnadsteknik och belysningsvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-41181.
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The study examines the issue of scale regarding models when analyzing daylight, which scale is the most representative of a real space. There have been previous studies done regarding scale model and daylight, however, they do not look at how the scale itself can affect the experience of daylight. The use of the architects’ already built scale model can be seen as valuable for light designers when evaluations and visualizing daylight in a real space. However, the use of the architect's scale model depends on its scale, hence why this study is being conducted. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects the scale has on daylight visualization with scale models. This study began with conducting a small literature study regarding daylight, scale models, visual perception and practical consideration when using scale models. The method was designed thereafter. By choosing a real room to base the scale models on, three scales were chosen, 1:50, 1:20 and 1:10. Thereafter the questionnaire was designed by using the analyzing method PERCIFAL as a base. The result of the study showed the subject's answers regarding; light level, shadows, light distribution and specular reflections. As well as a question regarding which scale model the found most representative of the real room and why. The compiled data showed which scale model was the most representative of the real room. The results show a difference between the different scale models and a correlation to the real room is seen. In conclusion, the scale model can be used to estimate and visualize the daylight within a space. However, the scale must be regarded and looked at so the chosen scale can represent the real space, which allows for an easy view of the model.
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Bednarz, Andrzej. "Transformation of Rational Unified Process analysis model to design model according to architectural patterns." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Avdelningen för programvarusystem, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-5981.
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Applying Rational Unified Process (RUP) in a project means to develop a set of models before the system could be implemented. The models depict the essentials of the system from requirements to detailed design. They facilitate getting a system that has appropriate and rich documentation (therefore highly maintainable) and addresses user needs. However, creation of the models may cause overheads since a lot of work has to be put to elaborate the artefacts. In this paper a method that makes RUP more efficient is proposed. The method makes use of the fact that every subsequent model is developed basing on the previous model. In other words, models are successively transformed from requirements up to executable code. In particular, design model bases on an analysis model. The proposed method applies automatic model transformation from an analysis model to a design model. Firstly, an approach for performing automatic transformation is chosen. Secondly, a tool applying this approach is implemented. Finally, the transformation tool is tested and evaluated in an empirical study. The results show that automation of model transformation may be beneficial, and therefore can help in getting better systems in shorten time.
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Bugslag, James. "Antique models, architectural drafting and pictorial space : canopies in northern French stained glass 1200-1350." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303529.
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Çollaku, Vasja, and Paolo Shestani. "A Formal Analysis Framework For EAST-ADL Architectural Models Extended With Behavioral Specifications In Simulink." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-42794.
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Model-Driven Development is a development approach which is being used frequently in the automotive context in order to design models. EAST-ADL is an architectural language which models systems according to their architectural features, whereas Simulink is a tool environment which models systems according to their behavior. In this thesis work, we propose a set of transformation rules that take into consideration the EAST-ADL architectural model details and the behavioral specifications in Simulink, and generate a formal model, which can be verified UPPAAL model checker. Moreover, we implement these proposed transformation rules in a tool that automates them. The transformation rules proposed in this thesis work would be implemented for every EAST-ADL file with Simulink behavior specifications, generated by the MetaEdit+ tool. Properties like timing constraints, triggering and hierarchy in both EAST-ADL and Simulink have been considered by the transformation rules. Finally, the Brake-by-Wire case study is used to validate the tool and assess the mapping of the elements.
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Veloso, Pedro Luís Alves. "Gesto técnico: interferências da modelagem digital na criação arquitetônica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16138/tde-13012012-153919/.
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A pesquisa investiga o complexo processo de informatização disciplinar da arquitetura, direcionando-se especificamente à abordagem das relações entre a concepção arquitetônica e o uso de modelos digitais. Nessa relação específica entre tecnologia informático-digital e criação toma-se como recorte privilegiado de estudo a produção das arquiteturas suportadas por técnicas digitais nas últimas duas décadas (1990-2010). Com esse intento, estipulam-se duas aproximações. A primeira evoca a compreensão da própria criação arquitetônica como prática disciplinada, por meio de uma revisão da teoria de projeto. Estabelece uma leitura do papel do homem e dos seus instrumentos no projeto arquitetônico, definindo-se critérios para o ensaio sobre as interferências da tecnologia digital. A segunda aproximação, retoma a filosofia do design proposta de Vilém Flusser. Nesse caso, a pesquisa situa os instrumentos tecnológicos como recurso de superação das limitações humanas, que, afetando as estruturas de pensamento e criação vigentes, delimitam novas relações entre homem, conhecimento, criatividade e realidade. Em especial são estabelecidas incursões teóricas a partir de conceitos propostos pelo filósofo: \"gesto de fazer\", \"aparelho\", \"imagem-técnica\", \"gesto do cálculo e da computação\" e, por fim, \"o programa\". Essas incursões propõem diálogos com outros teóricos do campo do conhecimento e estudos de caso que endossam a argumentação. Por fim, estabelecem-se considerações críticas sobre as interferências da tecnologia informático-digital na arquitetura, propondo-se perspectivas para a criação pautada nos modelos digitais.This is a research about the complex computerization of Architecture discipline. It focuses on the relationship between architectural design and use of digital models. In this specific context between digital technology and human creation, the study of the production of Architecture supported by digital techniques in the last two decades (1990-2010) is a privileged study object. Considering this, the study stipulates two approaches. The first refers to the understanding of the architectural conception as a disciplined practice through a review of Design Theory. It establishes a lecture on the role of man and its tools in architectural design, defining criteria for the discussion on the influence of digital technology. The second approach uses the design philosophy proposed by Vilém Flusser. In this case, the research comprehends the technological tools as a means of overcoming human limitation. It affects the structures of thinking and creating, marking new relations between man, knowledge, creativity and reality. In particular, incursions are established from theoretical concepts proposed by the philosopher: \"gesture of making\", \"apparatus\", \"technical image\", \"gesture of calculation and computation\", and \"the program\". These approaches raids propose dialogues with other theorists of the field of knowledge and case studies that endorse the argument. Finally, they settle critical considerations about the influence of digital technology in Architecture offering up prospects for the creation based on digital models.
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Denning, Samuel Fenton. "Architectural Models for Lower Pennsylvanian Strata in Dickenson/Wise County, Southwest Virginia: A Reservior Case Study." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34910.
Full textAbstract:
The lower Pennsylvanian, coal-bearing, siliciclastic strata in Dickenson/Wise counties of southwest Virginia were deposited in continental to marginal marine environments influenced by high-amplitude relative sea level fluctuations. Coal-bearing siliciclastics of the eastern facies belt are fluvio-deltaic in origin, with sediment derived from the erosion of low-grade metamorphic and Grenvillian-Avalonian terranes of the Alleghanian orogen to the southeast. Elongate NNE trending quartzarenite belts in the northwestern region of the basin are braided-fluvial deposits and were sourced by the cratonic Archean Superior Province to the north. This orthogonal relationship between the southeastern coal-bearing siliciclastics and the northwestern quartzarenites reflect a trunk-tributary drainage system operating during the lower Pennsylvanian in the central Appalachian basin.
Analysis of core, gamma ray and density logs, and six cross-sections within an approximately 20 km² study area reveals a hierarchy of bounding discontinuities and architectural elements. Discontinuities are both erosional (unconformable) and depositional (condensed) and are 3rd-order (~ 2.5 Ma) and 4th-order (~ 400 k.y.) in origin. Architectural elements are bound by 4th-order discontinuities and consist of upward-fining lowstand and transgressive incised valley fill, alluvial, and estuarine deposits, and upward-coarsening highstand deltaic deposits and represent 4th-order sequences. Lowstand and transgressive deposits are separated from the highstand deposits by marine flooding zones (condensed sections). 4th-order sequences are stacked into composite 3rd-order sequences. Sequence development can be attributed to 4th-order Milankovitch orbital eccentricity cycles superimposed on a lower-frequency eccentricity cycle.
Extensive coals occur in both transgressive and highstand systems tracts. Coals within the transgressive systems tract are associated with 4th-order flooding surfaces, while coals within the highstand systems tract occur within high-frequency deltaic autocycles. Therefore, coals formation in the central Appalachian basin can be attributed to be of both allocyclic (glacio-eustacy) and autocyclic (deltaic processes) mechanisms.Master of Science
43
Iftikhar, Naima. "A model for contemporary learning of architectural design in Australia." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/180912/1/Naima_Iftikhar_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This research identifies essential knowledge for effective learning and teaching of subject-situated architectural design in Australia. It has resulted in a learning and teaching model called the 'Model for contemporary learning of architectural design in Australia' that illustrates the contemporary shift in the signature studio pedagogy. The model informs the basis on how students, tutors and unit coordinators perceive their roles to interact with each other in face to face design lectures and design studio tutorials for effective design learning by students. This model is applicable in the four studio pedagogy models prevalent in Australasian schools of architecture.
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Beaver, Robert. "Contributions By Individual and Group Strategies for Organizational Learning in Architectural, Engineering, and Construction Firms." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2009. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2748.
Full textAbstract:
Organizations with multiple operating requirements require support functions to assist in execution of strategic goals. This effort, in turn, requires management of engineering activities in control of projects and in sustaining facilities. High level strategies include employing engineering support that consists of a project management function encompassing technical and managerial disciplines. The architecture/engineering, and construction office (AEC) is the subject of this research. Engineering and construction oriented organizations have experienced challenges to their abilities to learn and grow. This has potential detrimental implications for these organizations if support functions cannot keep pace with changing objectives and strategy. The competitive nature and low industry margins as well as uniqueness of projects as challenges facing engineering and construction. The differentiated nature of projects tasks also creates a need for temporary and dedicated modes of operation and thereby tends to promote highly dispersed management practices that do not dovetail very well with other organizational processes. Organizational learning is a means to enhance and support knowledge management for improving performance. The problem addressed through this research is the gap between desired and achieved individual and group learning by members of the AEC, and the members' abilities to distinguish between the need for adaptive learning or innovation. This research addresses learning by individuals and groups, and the strategies employed through an empirical study (survey). A conceptual model for organizational learning contributions by individuals and groups is presented and tested for confirmation of exploitive or explorative learning strategies for individuals, and directions composed of depth and breadth of learning. Strategies for groups are tested for internal or external search orientations and directions toward the single or multi-discipline unit. The survey is analyzed by method of principal components extraction and further interpreted to reveal factors that are correlated by Pearson product moment coefficients and tested for significance for potential relationships to factors for outcomes. Correlation across dependent variables prevented interpretation of the most significant factors for group learning strategies. However, results provide possible support for direction in supporting processes that promote networking among individuals and group structures that recognize the dual nature of knowledge - that required for technical competency and that required for success in the organization. Recommendations for practitioners include adjustments to knowledge acquisition direction, promoting external collaboration among firms, and provision of dual succession pathways through technical expertise or organizational processes for senior staff.Ph.D.
Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
Engineering and Computer Science
Industrial Engineering PhD
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Bukhari, Fakhri A. "A hierarchical evolutionary algorithmic design (HEAD) system for generating and evolving building design models." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2011. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/50964/1/Fakhri_Bukhari_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis develops a detailed conceptual design method and a system software architecture defined with a parametric and generative evolutionary design system to support an integrated interdisciplinary building design approach. The research recognises the need to shift design efforts toward the earliest phases of the design process to support crucial design decisions that have a substantial cost implication on the overall project budget.
The overall motivation of the research is to improve the quality of designs produced at the author's employer, the General Directorate of Major Works (GDMW) of the Saudi Arabian Armed Forces. GDMW produces many buildings that have standard requirements, across a wide range of environmental and social circumstances. A rapid means of customising designs for local circumstances would have significant benefits. The research considers the use of evolutionary genetic algorithms in the design process and the ability to generate and assess a wider range of potential design solutions than a human could manage. This wider ranging assessment, during the early stages of the design process, means that the generated solutions will be more appropriate for the defined design problem.
The research work proposes a design method and system that promotes a collaborative relationship between human creativity and the computer capability. The tectonic design approach is adopted as a process oriented design that values the process of design as much as the product.
The aim is to connect the evolutionary systems to performance assessment applications, which are used as prioritised fitness functions. This will produce design solutions that respond to their environmental and function requirements. This integrated, interdisciplinary approach to design will produce solutions through a design process that considers and balances the requirements of all aspects of the design. Since this thesis covers a wide area of research material, 'methodological pluralism' approach was used, incorporating both prescriptive and descriptive research methods. Multiple models of research were combined and the overall research was undertaken following three main stages, conceptualisation, developmental and evaluation. The first two stages lay the foundations for the specification of the proposed system where key aspects of the system that have not previously been proven in the literature, were implemented to test the feasibility of the system. As a result of combining the existing knowledge in the area with the newlyverified key aspects of the proposed system, this research can form the base for a future software development project. The evaluation stage, which includes building the prototype system to test and evaluate the system performance based on the criteria defined in the earlier stage, is not within the scope this thesis.
The research results in a conceptual design method and a proposed system software architecture. The proposed system is called the 'Hierarchical Evolutionary Algorithmic Design (HEAD) System'. The HEAD system has shown to be feasible through the initial illustrative paper-based simulation. The HEAD system consists of the two main components - 'Design Schema' and the 'Synthesis Algorithms'. The HEAD system reflects the major research contribution in the way it is conceptualised, while secondary contributions are achieved within the system components.
The design schema provides constraints on the generation of designs, thus enabling the designer to create a wide range of potential designs that can then be analysed for desirable characteristics. The design schema supports the digital representation of the human creativity of designers into a dynamic design framework that can be encoded and then executed through the use of evolutionary genetic algorithms.
The design schema incorporates 2D and 3D geometry and graph theory for space layout planning and building formation using the Lowest Common Design Denominator (LCDD) of a parameterised 2D module and a 3D structural module. This provides a bridge between the standard adjacency requirements and the evolutionary system. The use of graphs as an input to the evolutionary algorithm supports the introduction of constraints in a way that is not supported by standard evolutionary techniques. The process of design synthesis is guided as a higher level description of the building that supports geometrical constraints.
The Synthesis Algorithms component analyses designs at four levels, 'Room', 'Layout', 'Building' and 'Optimisation'. At each level multiple fitness functions are embedded into the genetic algorithm to target the specific requirements of the relevant decomposed part of the design problem. Decomposing the design problem to allow for the design requirements of each level to be dealt with separately and then reassembling them in a bottom up approach reduces the generation of non-viable solutions through constraining the options available at the next higher level. The iterative approach, in exploring the range of design solutions through modification of the design schema as the understanding of the design problem improves, assists in identifying conflicts in the design requirements. Additionally, the hierarchical set-up allows the embedding of multiple fitness functions into the genetic algorithm, each relevant to a specific level. This supports an integrated multi-level, multi-disciplinary approach.
The HEAD system promotes a collaborative relationship between human creativity and the computer capability. The design schema component, as the input to the procedural algorithms, enables the encoding of certain aspects of the designer's subjective creativity. By focusing on finding solutions for the relevant sub-problems at the appropriate levels of detail, the hierarchical nature of the system assist in the design decision-making process.
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Erdogan, Elif. "Constructing Computational Models Of Nature For Architecture: A Case On Transcoding The Intelligence Of Cactus." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614143/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
The environment of knowledge exchange between computation and biology elicits a
contemporary approach towards architecture. Computation, as an overarching mode of
thinking, instructs the analysis, understanding and reinterpretation of the un-formal
structure of natural organizations (such as systematic construct, information flow, and
process through time) for architectural form generation. Consequently, the computing
theory originates a mind-shift where processes, relations, and dependencies are a major
concern for reconsidering and re-comprehending the environment. Besides, computation
presents universal modes of thinking and tools for modeling, within which transdisciplinary
studies and knowledge interchange between distinct disciplines are
flourished.
This thesis will discuss architectural form generation through interpreting computation
as &ldquotranscoding&rdquo
and an interface, while nature will be regarded as a &ldquo
model&rdquo
and a source for learning. A case study will be conducted by analyzing cactus plants and their common generative logic in the framework of computation. Consequently, the produced computational model of cactus plants will be scrutinized for probable outcomes, questioning what such a re-interpretation of natural systems may imply for architecture.
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Avila, Mary-Alice. "Programming and Conceptual Design Using Building Information Modeling." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2009. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/38.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis explores the benefits of using Building Information Modeling (BIM) during the programming and conceptual design phase of a project. The research was based on a case study undertaken dealing with the decisions and assumptions made during the design phases of the Center for Science at Cal Poly San Luis Obispo. The project team used a traditional approach to project plan development. The finding of this study was that the project process would have greatly benefited utilizing BIM tools and a collaborative team approach in the programming and conceptual design phase. Because decisions made early in the project have enormous implications to aesthetics and cost, the increase in analysis of design options afforded by the use of BIM tools would have minimized inaccurate, incomplete and unreliable information, and allowed the design team to work in a more efficient, collaborative manner transmitting through all phases of the project.
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Zeigler, Patrick Scott. "A solid modeling program for designers." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/74531.
Full textAbstract:
The personal computer is rapidly finding its way into the architectural working environment, at this time however it is used mostly as a drafting tool. This thesis is an investigation into programming that would allow the computer to become a design tool.
The issues that are dealt with in this thesis include an easy to use user interface that will not inhibit the design process, and develop a system that will allow design changes and additions to a model in a three dimensional sketch like ability.
Three dimensional models of paper, clay, wood and other materials have been used to create designs, and aid the designer in making decisions. This type of medium is difficult to make changes, and because of the scale of such materials it becomes difficult to work on interior spaces, thus more attention is usually placed on the exterior design. With the use of the computer these limitations may be eliminated, and the designer may create a design from any perspective or view point.Master of Architecture
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Rollins, Sarah. "The Salt Lake Tabernacle : acoustic characterization and study of spatial variation /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2005. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1113.pdf.
Full text
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Slade, Jonathan. "Automatic semantic and geometric enrichment of CityGML 3D building models of varying architectural styles with HOG-based template matching." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2018. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/111334/.
Full textAbstract:
While the number of 3D geo-spatial digital models of buildings with cultural heritage interest is burgeoning, most lack semantic annotation that could be used to inform users of mobile and desktop applications about the architectural features and origins of the buildings. Additionally, while automated reconstruction of 3D building models is an active research area, the labelling of architectural features (objects) is comparatively less well researched, while distinguishing between different architectural styles is less well researched still. Meanwhile, the successful automatic identification of architectural objects, typified by a comparatively less symmetrical or less regular distribution of objects on façades, particularly on older buildings, has so far eluded researchers. This research has addressed these issues by automating the semantic and geometric enrichment of existing 3D building models by using Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG)-based template matching. The methods are applied to the texture maps of 3D building models of 20th century styles, of Georgian-Regency (1715-1830) style and of the Norman (1066 to late 12th century) style, where the amalgam of styles present on buildings of the latter style necessitates detection of styles of the Gothic tradition (late 12th century to present day). The most successful results were obtained when applying a set of heuristics including the use of real world dimensions, while a Support Vector Machine (SVM)-based machine learning approach was found effective in obviating the need for thresholds on matchscores when making detection decisions.