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Journal articles on the topic 'Archaeology'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 21 September 2024

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1

Watkins, Joe. "(How) Can archaeology be useful to American Indian groups?" Archaeological Dialogues 16, no. 2 (November 5, 2009): 149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1380203809990079.

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Dawdy's keynote paper, rather than answering the question whether archaeology is useful, asks whether it should be useful. That is, she asks whether archaeology needs to be useful beyond archaeology for archaeology's sake. It is a valid question, because many people see archaeology as a non-essential option, of peripheral use if any. For others, archaeology's utility lies in its ability to provide the long-term view of human behaviour and humankind's reactions to situations of the past that, hopefully, we might use to help us deal with present and future events.

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2

Jeppson, Patrice L., Glen Muschio, Hannah Winograd, Matthew Haas, Geoffrey Oxholm, and Ko Nishino. "Public Archaeology Via Skyscraper: Outcome and Experience." AP: Online Journal in Public Archaeology 2 (December 29, 2016): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.23914/ap.v2i0.14.

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A recent archaeology awareness campaign projected Public Service Announcements from the top of a city skyscraper. These 30-second videos featured animated 3D artifact reconstructions alongside an archaeology-themed message. This was not just public archaeology done in an unusual way but public archaeology conducted toward an unusually broad end: the processes involved in creating the PSAs served many masters, not just archaeology’s needs. This paper reports on this reflexive, dialogic, public archaeology case study where communities make use of the past for their own needs in the present.

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3

Sabloff, Jeremy A., Lewis R. Binford, and Patricia A. McAnany. "Understanding the archaeological record." Antiquity 61, no. 232 (July 1987): 203–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00052005.

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Next year will mark the twentieth birthday of the ‘New Archaeology’, whose founding texts – Binford & Binford's New perspectives in archaeology in the USA and Clarke's Analytical archaeologyin Britain – both appeared in 1968. Nearly two decades on, some fundamentals are not yet resolved, which may indicate – as Lester Embree argued in the last number of ANTIQUITY – that archaeology is a harder science than most.

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4

Saitta, Dean J. "Radical archaeology and middle-range methodology." Antiquity 66, no. 253 (December 1992): 886–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x0004480x.

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Methodologies for learning about the past are currently at issue within archaeology. This paper considers learning from the standpoint of a ‘radical’ archaeology. One strand of a radical archaeology's approach to learning–a Marxist strand–is discussed, and its main methodological challenge identified. This challenge is the development of middle-range frameworks for recognizing what Binford and others term ‘ambiguity’ – unexpected variation in the archaeological record from which fresh insights about the past can be produced. Concepts and ideas for constructing appropriate middle-ranges for a radical archaeology are discussed.

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5

González-Ruibal, Alfredo. "Ethics of Archaeology." Annual Review of Anthropology 47, no. 1 (October 21, 2018): 345–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anthro-102317-045825.

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Ethics has abandoned its niche status to become a shared concern across archaeology. The appraisal of the sociopolitical context of archaeological practice since the 1980s has forced the discipline to take issue with the expanding array of ethical questions raised by work with living people. Thus, the original foci on the archaeological record, conservation, and scientific standards, which are behind most deontological codes, have been largely transcended and even challenged. In this line, this review emphasizes philosophical and political aspects over practical ones and examines some pressing ethical concerns that are related to archaeology's greater involvement with contemporary communities, political controversies, and social demands; discussion includes ethical responses to the indigenous critique, the benefits and risks of applied archaeology, the responsibilities of archaeologists in conflict and postconflict situations, vernacular digging and collecting practices, development-led archaeology, heritage, and the ethics of things.

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6

Holtorf, Cornelius. "Can you hear me at the back? Archaeology, communication and society." European Journal of Archaeology 10, no. 2-3 (2007): 149–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461957108095982.

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Archaeologists often enjoy the role of giving the people what the people want, at least, so long as that is information about the past. But besides the ambition to enlighten people about the past, there are at least two alternative approaches concerning the way archaeology communicates with its publics in society. One considers archaeology a business and sees people as potential customers who need to be persuaded to buy the products of archaeology. Another approach advocates democratic participation of people in archaeology and wishes to accommodate people's own preferences regarding archaeological studies. The point of this article is not to choose between these different models of communication but to ensure that future debates about the relations between archaeology and society will be informed by a better understanding of some fundamentally different approaches concerning the aims and character of archaeology's communication with various public audiences. Hopefully this discussion will also benefit very specific, future projects in public archaeology and thus ultimately serve both the archaeologists and their publics.

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7

Souvatzi, Stella. "Kinship and Social Archaeology." Cross-Cultural Research 51, no. 2 (February 8, 2017): 172–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1069397117691028.

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Kinship is a most significant organizing principle of human grouping, the basic matter of social categories in archaeological and ethnographic societies, and an important concept universally. However, its significance has rarely been adequately incorporated within archaeology’s theoretical and interpretative practice. This article aims to not only show the potential of bringing kinship into social archaeology, but also argue that archaeology can make important contributions to wider social research. Grounded on prehistoric data, spanning from the 8th to the 4th millennium bc, and drawing on cross-cultural discussions, it explores how understandings and practices of kinship might have been constructed and enacted in the first farming communities through architecture, time, material products, burials, and rituals. In doing so, the article addresses key issues of common interest in archaeology and anthropology, inviting interdisciplinary dialogue.

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8

Brusius, Mirjam. "Hitting two birds with one stone: An afterword on archeology and the history of science." History of Science 55, no. 3 (September 2017): 383–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0073275317727975.

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This afterword comments on the articles gathered together in this special section of History of Science (“Disassembling Archaeology, Reassembling the Modern World”). Criticizing the consistent lack of institutional infrastructure for histories of archaeology in the history of science, the piece argues that scholars should recognize the commonality of archaeology’s practices with those of the nineteenth and twentieth century field sciences that have received more historical attention. The piece also suggests avenues to help take this approach further, such as combining expertise from historians of the biological sciences and of antiquarianism and archaeology to look at the history of the understanding of human variation and race. Finally, the afterword suggests that scholars should reconsider the idea of archaeology’s reliance on institutionalised practices, thinking about the use and re-use of material culture in more diverse and pragmatic social contexts.

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9

Lightfoot, Kent G. "Culture Contact Studies: Redefining the Relationship between Prehistoric and Historical Archaeology." American Antiquity 60, no. 2 (April 1995): 199–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/282137.

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Archaeology is poised to play a pivotal role in the reconfiguration of historical anthropology. Archaeology provides not only a temporal baseline that spans both prehistory and history, but the means to study the material remains of ethnic laborers in pluralistic colonial communities who are poorly represented in written accounts. Taken together, archaeology is ideally suited for examining the multicultural roots of modern América. But before archaeology’s full potential to contribute to culture contact studies can be realized, we must address several systemic problems resulting from the separation of “prehistoric” and “historical” archaeology into distinct subfields. In this paper, I examine the implications of increasing temporal/regional specialization in archaeology on (1) the use of historical documents in archaeological research, (2) the study of long-term culture change, and (3) the implementation of pan-regional comparative analyses.

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10

Mukhopadhyay, Carol. "Archaeology and Precollege Education." Practicing Anthropology 8, no. 3-4 (July 1, 1986): 26–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.8.3-4.k286658867x40603.

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While archaeology never has been a regular part of the precollege curriculum, there have long been a few teachers, educators, and professional archaeologists who have believed in archaeology's educational potential for precollege students. Most often such teachers and educators have had a strong personal interest in the subject, and their enthusiasm provided the initial impetus for developing varied ways to incorporate archaeology into classroom teaching and school programs. Some educators have been further motivated to share their enthusiasm for archaeology, and for archaeology in precollege education, with other teachers and educators through the educational literature. Professional archaeologists, perhaps preoccupied with research and with the instruction of advanced students, have made a much smaller contribution to this literature; nevertheless, several have been heavily involved in programs for precollege students and teachers, and others have acted as consultants to classroom teachers on a less regular basis. Examples of the types of articles discussed here are listed in an annotated bibliography in Holm and Higgins (1985). See "For Further Reading". for complete bibliographic references to literature cited in this review.

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11

Holley-Kline, Sam. "Nationalist archaeology and foreign oil exploration in El Tajín, Mexico, 1935–1940." Archaeological Dialogues 27, no. 1 (May 15, 2020): 79–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1380203820000100.

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AbstractThis article discusses the American Compañía Stanford’s efforts to drill an oil well on the outskirts of the archaeological site of El Tajín, Mexico, during the 1930s. Drawing on recent scholarly efforts to think beyond archaeology and the nation state, this article problematizes the notion of a unitary state behind the concept of nationalist archaeology, the constitution of archaeology and extractive industry as separate spheres, and their apparent mutual exclusivity. Exploring the negotiations between site guards, archaeologists, inspectors, oil company officials and labourers shows that different state actors worked at cross-purposes, and that the nominally separate spheres of nationalist archaeology and foreign oil extraction were in fact characterized by the sharing of infrastructure, equipment, expertise and labour. Consequently, this article advocates for close attention to the administration and management of archaeology in specific historical contexts, demonstrating that it is more reasonable to assume archaeology’s imbrications with the nation state and extractive industries.

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12

Aitchison, Kenneth R. "Professional Archaeology in the UK under COVID-19." Humans 3, no. 1 (February 1, 2023): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/humans3010005.

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The COVID-19 pandemic had serious effects on the delivery of commercial archaeology in the United Kingdom during 2020 and 2021. This article presents a contemporary history of two years of practice and political developments. Because of commercial archaeology’s place within the broader construction sector, it became a ‘protected’ industry, resulting in a massive increase in the amount of work undertaken. Archaeology adapted remarkably well to the difficult and dangerous conditions of the pandemic, while encountering new challenges in staff recruitment.

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13

Patterson, Thomas C., and Andrew L. Christenson. "Tracing Archaeology's Past: The Historiography of Archaeology." American Journal of Archaeology 94, no. 3 (July 1990): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/505801.

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14

Klejn, Leo S. "To separate a centaur: on the relationship of archaeology and history in Soviet tradition." Antiquity 67, no. 255 (June 1993): 339–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00045397.

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The relationship between archaeology and history is not just an abstract theoretical question: it is one which determines the practical organization of archaeological activity and the publication of its results. It is a general problem of archaeology in Europe, where the subject has had to differentiate itself from the historical study of a long series of literate cultures; and it is especially acute in the former Soviet bloc, where a Marxist orthodoxy of historical science formerly prevailed. Leo Klejn is Russaian archaeology's most distinguished theoretician. Here he discusses in his own words both the academic sociology of the historical sciences and the role which he sees for archaeology within them.

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15

Marila, Marko. "Slow science for fast archaeology." Current Swedish Archaeology 27, no. 27 (December 30, 2019): 93–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.37718/csa.2019.05.

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This contribution contends that, with the recent genetic revolution, archaeology has reached a new scientism, a development that could lead to fewer opportunities in the epistemology of archaeology to think difference. Drawing from discussions in slow science and the related idea that scientific importance is a matter of concern rather than fact, the contribution proposes that archaeologists start to cultivate methods of deceleration. In particular, as a measure to mitigate the epistemological effects of archaeology’s methodological acceleration, the contribution suggests the publishing of personal hunches, failed hypotheses, and so forth in addition to research results, and a cultivation of historical awareness in order to better anticipate possible epistemological effects of pursuing conflicting research interests.

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16

Leone, Mark P., Douglas V. Armstrong, Yvonne Marshall, and Adam T. Smith. "The Archaeology of Liberty in an American Captial: Excavations in Annapolis." Cambridge Archaeological Journal 18, no. 1 (February 2008): 101–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959774308000115.

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Over the last two decades, there has been increasing attention to community archaeology, an archaeology which acknowledges the impact of archaeological research upon the communities among which it is conducted. Doing fieldwork has tangible effects upon the people we work among: archaeologists provide employment, spend money locally, negotiate local power structures, provide exotic connections, and, not least, change the landscape of knowledge by helping local people understand more or different things about their ancestors and about their own historical identity. While this is true worldwide, within American Historical Archaeology this strand of research has converged with a tradition of sophisticated materialist analysis highlighting not only class domination but also resistance and the persistence of alternative practices, ideologies and identities. A key element of this archaeology is public participation in the process of revealing a past of domination, struggle and resistance. The result is an archaeology which aspires not only to revise traditionally endorsed accounts of American history, but also to be an activist archaeology.Mark Leone began this line of activist, participatory historical archaeology many years ago in Annapolis, and many of the scholars currently contributing to this body of work have been trained or inspired by this project. In The Archaeology of Liberty in an American Capital, Leone summarizes twenty-five years of research at Annapolis.The Archaeology of Liberty in an American Capital: Excavations in Annapolis has received the Society for Historical Archaeology's James Deetz Book Award for 2008.

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17

Moore, Donald. "Indexing the archaeology of Wales." Indexer: The International Journal of Indexing: Volume 23, Issue 4 23, no. 4 (October 1, 2003): 187–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/indexer.2003.23.4.2.

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Wales today has numerous periodicals dealing with archaeology and history at local, county and national level, but the doyen of them all is the journal of the Cambrian Archaeological Association, Archaeologia Cambrensis, established over a century and a half ago. In the 1950s, while on the staff at the National Museum of Wales in Cardiff, the present author became involved (in his spare time) in directing a project for a new and continuing comprehensive index of Archaeologia Cambrensis, to run from its first edition in 1846 to the present day. As the project developed he found himself embroiled in the technicalities of indexing and press work recounted in this article.

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18

Harrison, Rodney. "Surface assemblages. Towards an archaeology in and of the present." Archaeological Dialogues 18, no. 2 (October 26, 2011): 141–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1380203811000195.

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AbstractThis paper explores a central paradox in the aims of the archaeology of the contemporary past as they have been articulated by its practitioners. On the one hand, its aim has been expressed as one of making the familiar ‘unfamiliar’, of distancing the observer from their own material world; a work of alienation. On the other hand, it has also aimed to make the past more accessible and egalitarian; to recover lost, subaltern voices and in this way to close the distance between past and present. I suggest that this paradox has stymied its development and promoted a culture of self-justification for a subfield which has already become well established within archaeology over the course of three decades. I argue that this paradox arises from archaeology's relationship with modernity and the past itself, as a result of its investment in the modernist trope of archaeology-as-excavation and the idea of a past which is buried and hidden. One way of overcoming this paradox would be to emphasize an alternative trope of archaeology-as-surface-survey and a process of assembling/reassembling, and indeed to shift away from the idea of an ‘archaeology of the contemporary past’ to speak instead of an archaeology ‘in and of the present’. This would reorient archaeology so that it is seen primarily as a creative engagement with the present and only subsequently as a consideration of the intervention of traces of the past within it. It is only by doing this that archaeology will develop into a discipline which can successfully address itself to the present and future concerns of contemporary societies. Such a move not only has implications for archaeologies of the present and recent past, but concerns the very nature and practice of archaeology as a discipline in its broadest sense in the 21st century.

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Quirós Castillo, Juan Antonio. "Archaeology of Architecture and Archaeology of houses in Early Medieval Europe." Arqueología de la Arquitectura, no. 9 (April 9, 2013): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/arqarqt.2012.11601.

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20

Sanders, Jeff. "Archaeology within, archaeology without." Archaeological Dialogues 23, no. 1 (May 20, 2016): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1380203816000040.

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AbstractThe rise of the nation state has had a major influence on the development of archaeology. Nation states today, however, differ from their 19th- and 20th-century equivalents, and they both impact upon and use archaeology in different ways. By looking outwards from an individual country within a collective nation state, I will explore the forms that this can take. From a Scotland-based perspective, I will look at how various borders and boundaries, and the aims and objectives of those responsible for them, affect archaeological work. As well as looking at institutional and administrative boundaries and their effect on archaeology, I will also explore how archaeological work, and the stories we produce, can either question or reinforce the nation state. Ultimately, archaeology can be used in a very different way now than in the 19th and 20th centuries: it is less about the specific stories and more about the process of uncovering them. Rather than telling a national story, archaeology can be used as an instrument to deliver on wider objectives.

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21

Bis, Magdalena, Michał Starski, and Ewelina Więcek-Bonowska. "Editorial." Archaeologia Polona 59 (December 20, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.23858/apa59.2021.2846.

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The introduction to this year’s volume of Archaeologia Polona, subtitled Archaeology of post-medieval pottery in Poland and beyond. Tradition and innovation. It presents the content of the volume focused on early-modern ceramics found across present-day Poland and Czechia.

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22

Whitaker, Katy A. "‘SARSEN STONES IN WESSEX’: A SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES PROJECT CONTEXTUALISED AND RENEWED." Antiquaries Journal 100 (August 5, 2020): 432–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003581520000256.

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This paper reviews the Society of Antiquaries’ Evolution of the Landscape project, which started in 1974, and the project’s Sarsen Stones in Wessex survey. The survey was an ambitious public archaeology undertaking, involving c 100 volunteers led by Fellows of the Society during the 1970s. Its aims, objectives and outcomes are described in this article. The survey’s unique dataset, produced for the counties of Wiltshire, Hampshire and Dorset, has now been digitised. Drawing on the dataset, the paper situates the Evolution of the Landscape project in the context of later twentieth-century British archaeology. It demonstrates the importance not only of individual Fellows, but also contemporary movements in academic and development-led archaeology, to the direction of the Society’s activities in this formative period for the discipline today, and shows how the Society’s research was engaged with some of archaeology’s most pressing cultural resource management issues.

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23

Brock, Terry P., Katherine Crawford-Lackey, Matthew B. Reeves, and Mary Furlong Minkoff. "Exploring and Interpreting the History of Slavery at James Madison’s Montpelier." Public Historian 44, no. 4 (November 1, 2022): 63–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/tph.2022.44.4.63.

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Archaeology’s importance to understanding and exploring difficult histories should be considered an essential tool in the public history toolbox. This paper will explore how the Department of Archaeology at The Montpelier Foundation in Orange, Virginia, interprets the lives of over 350 individuals enslaved by James Madison, the nation’s fourth president. To do so, we use the Rubric of best practices, standards established by the National Summit on Teaching Slavery held in 2018 and published by the National Trust for Historic Preservation in a document called Engaging Descendant Communities in the Interpretation of Slavery at Museums and Historic Sites. This paper examines how the Montpelier Archaeology Department has developed a research and interpretive program that puts the Rubric into practice, making the case that public historians and heritage organizations must robustly engage archaeologists and the discipline of archaeology in all aspects of its research and interpretation.

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Flexner, James L. "Degrowth and a sustainable future for archaeology." Archaeological Dialogues 27, no. 2 (November 13, 2020): 159–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1380203820000203.

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AbstractIt is increasingly acknowledged that 21st-century archaeology faces serious challenges from a variety of directions, ranging from the theoretical to the practical. Above all, the discipline’s entanglement with capitalism, capitalist ideologies and capitalist institutions is simply unsustainable. The concept of degrowth involves a reconceptualization of archaeology’s possible future(s) in terms of a withdrawal from capitalism and an emphasis on collective and caring praxis looking towards both a sustainable future and the possibilities of the immediate present. A degrowth approach to archaeology can provide a useful supplement to existing critiques and proposed alternatives to current practices. Degrowth proposals such as reorienting economic behaviours towards cooperative, convivial and dépense (communal use of surplus) activities while freeing people to pursue work they find meaningful have potential applications in archaeological practice that address some of the problems currently facing the discipline.

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Schiffer, Michael Brian. "Some Relationships between Behavioral and Evolutionary Archaeologies." American Antiquity 61, no. 4 (October 1996): 643–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/282009.

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Diversity in archaeology's social theories is desirable, but factioning of the discipline into antagonistic, paradigm-based camps undermines the scientific enterprise. In order to promote efforts at building bridges between different theoretical programs, this paper examines relationships between behavioral archaeology and evolutionary (selectionist) archaeology. Potential common ground is brought to light, incompatibilities are critically examined, and possible synergies are explored. It is concluded that there is no fundamental reason why these two programs cannot work in concert to achieve the goal of explaining behavioral (or evolutionary) change in human societies. Whether productive relationships can be established between other programs remains to be determined on a case-by-case basis.

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Caraher, William. "Slow Archaeology, Punk Archaeology, and the ‘Archaeology of Care’." European Journal of Archaeology 22, no. 3 (April 5, 2019): 372–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/eaa.2019.15.

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This article considers the impact of both historical and digital transhuman practices in archaeology with an eye towards recent conversations concerning punk archaeology, slow archaeology, and an ‘archaeology of care’. Drawing on Ivan Illich, Jacques Ellul, and Gilles Deleuze, the article suggests that current trends in digital practices risk alienating archaeological labour and de-territorializing archaeological work.

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Kariyev, Ye M., and D. B. Samratova. "О статусе археологии как исторической науки (ключевые аспекты в мультидисциплинарном контексте)." BULLETIN of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Historical sciences. Philosophy. Religion Series 139, no. 2 (2022): 51–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-7255-2022-139-2-51-75.

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As we know, archaeology has transitioned quite a long and thorny path to an academic discipline with its source base, methodology, method, and other inherent attributes of a full-fledged scientific unit. With the intensification of the development of any humanitarian science and not only science, the processes, and trends of the need to revise its paradigm and fundamental provisions – goals, objectives, subject, object, and other basic justification are natural. Archaeology is no exception – now, in the academic environment of the archaeological world, the question of revising the place of archaeology in the science system is increasingly being raised, or at least determining an archaeology clear stance in the circle of historical science, up to its separation into an independent unit. In this regard, the aspect of the perception and interpretation of archaeology by the mother science now – history - is also of no small importance. In the article presented to attention, an attempt is made to analyze the key points of a possible paradigm shift and an attempt is made to determine the relationship of historical science to archaeology in the context of assessing its separation probability. The main difference in the treatment of the latter aspect is that, in addition to archaeologists' scientific opinions, representatives' views of historical science themselves are considered, including from the standpoint of possible rejection of archeology on its part due to potential disagreements in the above-mentioned cornerstone scientific aspects. The authors present their own perspective on archaeology's place within the historical disciplines, concluding, among other things, that it is necessary to develop theoretical and methodological developments that consider regional and other characteristics of a particular geographical area, country, etc.

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Turbanti Memmi, Isabella, Corina Ionescu, and Ulrich Schüssler. "Mineralogical Sciences and Archaeology." European Journal of Mineralogy 23, no. 6 (December 21, 2011): 847–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0935-1221/2011/0023-2162.

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29

Bass, George F. "Nautical Archaeology and Biblical Archaeology." Biblical Archaeologist 53, no. 1 (March 1990): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3210147.

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30

Barker, Alex W. "Exhibiting Archaeology: Archaeology and Museums." Annual Review of Anthropology 39, no. 1 (October 21, 2010): 293–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.anthro.012809.105115.

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31

White, Cheryl. "Maroon Archaeology Is Public Archaeology." Archaeologies 6, no. 3 (December 2010): 485–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11759-010-9154-4.

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32

Nash, George. "Cognitive Archaeology as Symbolic Archaeology." Time and Mind 3, no. 2 (January 2010): 229–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2752/175169610x12632240392992.

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33

Kapor, Vladimir. "La Vogue des archéofictions au XIXe siècle: le passé ressuscité et le passé interprété." Nottingham French Studies 51, no. 1 (March 2012): 54–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/nfs.2012.0006.

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Through the concept of archeofictions, this article rethinks the interface between fiction and archaeology in nineteenth-century France. By rejecting conventional categories such as ‘archaeological novel’, the corpus of fictional works under scrutiny is expanded, to encompass lesser-studied authors such as Bibliophile Jacob (Paul Leroux) and Gustave Toudouze, in addition to Gustave Flaubert and Théophile Gautier. Throughout the nineteenth century, archaeology was a discipline-in-the-making, dominated by textual methods, and lacking institutional recognition. The analysis aims to show the ways in which nineteenth-century imaginative literature encapsulated early archaeology's quest for epistemic autonomy and methodological struggles, while embracing the new patterns of thought for framing the past promoted by the nascent discipline.

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34

Barber, Ian. "Is the Truth Down There?: Cultural Heritage Conflict and the Politics of Archaeological Authority." Public History Review 13 (June 2, 2006): 143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/phrj.v13i0.251.

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The selective pressures and processes of cultural heritage management effectively disinherit some interest groups. Where this occurs in the context of postcolonial or nationalist conflict, the material archaeological record may be referenced to support or reject particular views. The disciplinary assumptions behind the archaeological evidence so produced are not usually contested in judicial contexts. A review of archaeology’s theoretical foundations suggests that this naivety itself may be problematic. A descriptive culture history approach dominated archaeology over the first half of the twentieth century with a strong political appeal to nationalist politics. Subsequently archaeology became concerned with processual explanation and the scientific identification of universal laws of culture, consistent with postwar technological optimism and conformity. A postprocessual archaeology movement from the 1970s has promoted relativism and challenged the singular authority of scientific explanation. Archaeologists caught within this debate disagree over the use of the archaeological record in situations of political conflict. Furthermore, the use of archaeology in the sectarian debate over the Ayodhya birthplace of Rama suggests that the material record of the past can become highly politicized and seemingly irresolvable. Archaeological research is also subject to other blatant and subtle political pressures throughout the world, affecting the nature and interpretation of the record. A system that privileges archaeological information values may be irrelevant also to communities who value and manage their ancestral heritage for customary purposes. Collectively this review of theory and applied knowledge suggests that it is unrealistic to expect that archaeology can authoritatively resolve strident claims and debates about the past. Instead, an important contemporary contribution of archaeology may be its potential to document cultural and historical contradictions and inclusions for the consideration of contemporary groups in conflict.

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King, Eleanor M. "Systematizing Public Education in Archaeology." Advances in Archaeological Practice 4, no. 4 (November 2016): 415–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.7183/2326-3768.4.4.415.

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AbstractPublic education in archaeology today is at a crossroads. Over the last 30 years, it has grown exponentially and is now widely recognized as one of the most effective ways to preserve the past for the future. However, it remains a loose conglomeration of approaches lacking coherence and consistency. There is little discussion of the best practices to use in specific situations and little assessment of effectiveness. One result is that practitioners often reinvent the wheel; another is that we are not reaching the diverse audiences we need to engage to assure archaeology’s future. As a profession, we are losing ground to the continued encroachment of looting and vandalism—the very activities education seeks to forestall. We can either keep doing what we are doing and hope for the best, or we can begin to systematize our efforts. This article introduces a special issue of Advances in Archaeological Practice dedicated to systematizing public education in archaeology by contextualizing and assessing contemporary practices. The article provides a framework for thinking about the issues and proposes solutions, while discussing the contributions of the issue’s authors. Its purpose is to initiate discussion, not to provide the final word on the problem.

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MATSUMOTO, Ken, and Kazumi OGUCHI. "ARCHAEOLOGY." Orient 36 (2001): 7–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5356/orient1960.36.7.

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Cowen, Ron. "Archaeology." Science News 139, no. 12 (March 23, 1991): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3975365.

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Gibson, Margaret. "Archaeology." Iowa Review 30, no. 2 (October 2000): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17077/0021-065x.5255.

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"Tracing archaeology's past: the historiography of archaeology." Choice Reviews Online 27, no. 08 (April 1, 1990): 27–4592. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/choice.27-4592.

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Quave, Kylie E., Shannon M. Fie, AmySue Qing Qing Greiff, and Drew Alis Agnew. "Centering the Margins." Advances in Archaeological Practice, December 18, 2020, 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aap.2020.43.

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ABSTRACT Teaching introductory archaeology courses in U.S. higher education typically falls short in two important ways: the courses do not represent the full picture of who contributes to reconstructing the past, and they do not portray the contemporary and future relevance of the archaeological past. In this article, we use anti-colonial and decolonial theories to explain the urgency of revising the introductory archaeology curriculum for promoting equity in the discipline and beyond. We detail the pedagogical theories we employed in revising an introductory archaeology course at a small liberal arts college in the United States and the specific changes we made to course structure, content, and teaching strategies. To examine the impacts on enrolled students and on who chose to enroll in the revised archaeology curriculum, we analyze student reflection essays and enrollment demographics. We found that students developed more complex understandings of the benefits and harms of archaeological knowledge production and could articulate how to address archaeology's inequities. We also found that enrollment in archaeology courses at the college shifted to include greater proportions of students of color. These results support the notion that introductory archaeology courses should be substantially and continually revised.

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Cipolla, Craig, Rachel J. Crellin, and Oliver J. T. Harris. "Posthuman Archaeologies, Archaeological Posthumanisms." Journal of Posthumanism 1, no. 1 (May 6, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/jp.v1i1.1357.

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This paper maps and builds relations between posthumanism and the field of archaeology, arguing for vital and promising connections between the two. Posthuman insights on post-anthropocentrism, non-human multiplicities, and the minoritarian in the now intersect powerfully with archaeology’s multi-temporal and long-term interests in heterogenous and vibrant assemblages of people, places, and things, particularly the last few decades of ‘decolonial’ re-imaginings of the field. For these reasons, we frame archaeology as the historical science of posthumanism. We demonstrate the discipline’s breadth through three vignettes concerning archaeology’s unique engagements with multiplicities of objects, multiplicities of scales, and multiplicities of people. These examples, we argue, speak to the benefits of becoming posthuman archaeologists and archaeological posthumanists.

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Scheffler, Eben H. "Reflecting on archaeology and the understanding of Song of Songs." HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies 78, no. 1 (March 16, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/hts.v78i1.6934.

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The question of archaeology corroborating any ‘historical information’ is excluded from the outset by the poetic genre of Song of Songs. This contribution therefore focusses on archaeology’s more modest purpose as far as its relationship with texts is concerned, namely whether it can facilitate the understanding of the text by investigating the material culture that features in Song of Songs. Archaeology is therefore understood in terms of its more extended definition, including artefacts, (cultural) objects functioning as metaphors, and historical geography. Attention amongst others will be paid to cities mentioned (Heshbon, Jerusalem, Tirzah), the (not founded) David’s Tower, Pharaoh’s palanquin, fauna and flora, as well as pottery.Contribution: Although archaeology cannot inform everything in the text, the continuous archaeological endeavour has the hermeneutical function to transpose the reader into the ancient life (love) world (pun intended), preventing him or her of anachronistic projection of the present-day readers own world into the text, but also appreciating the (possible) common human condition which the present-day reader shares with the world of the text.

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"Archaeology." Abstracts in Anthropology 77, no. 4 (April 4, 2021): 295–364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00013455211000586.

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"Archaeology." Science News 157, no. 18 (April 29, 2000): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4012416.

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"Archaeology." Science News 160, no. 12 (September 22, 2001): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4012671.

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"Archaeology." Science News 156, no. 9 (August 28, 1999): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4011743.

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"Archaeology." Science News 156, no. 16 (October 16, 1999): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4011878.

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"Archaeology." Abstracts in Anthropology 78, no. 6 (June 30, 2022): 523–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00013455221080293.

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"Archaeology." Science News 136, no. 1 (July 1, 1989): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3974085.

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"Archaeology." Science News 137, no. 19 (May 12, 1990): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3974280.

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