Relevant bibliographies by topics / Archaeology Thailand

Academic literature on the topic 'Archaeology Thailand'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Archaeology Thailand"

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Moore, Elizabeth, C. F. W. Higham, and R. Bannanurag. "Palaeoenvironment and Archaeology in Thailand." Journal of Biogeography 20, no. 5 (September 1993): 574. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2845729.

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Lertrit, Sawang. "Cultural Resource Management and Archaeology at Chiang Saen, Northern Thailand." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 31, no. 1 (March 2000): 137–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463400015915.

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Using Chiang Saen in northern Thailand as a case study, this paper describes the practice of archaeology as conducted by the Thai Fine Arts Department. In particular, it examines how the Chiang Saen archaeological site has been treated under the rubric of “cultural resource management”.
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Bronson, Bennet. "Prehistoric investigations in Northeastern Thailand." Journal of Archaeological Science 14, no. 2 (March 1987): 228–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-4403(87)90010-0.

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Terwiel, B. J., and David K. Wyatt. "Thailand: A Short History." American Historical Review 90, no. 5 (December 1985): 1259. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1859805.

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Grave, Peter, Mike Barbetti, Mike Hotchkis, and Roger Bird. "The Stoneware Kilns of Sisatchanalai and Early Modern Thailand." Journal of Field Archaeology 27, no. 2 (2000): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/530591.

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Grave, Peter, Mike Barbetti, Mike Hotchkis, and Roger Bird. "The Stoneware Kilns of Sisatchanalai and Early Modern Thailand." Journal of Field Archaeology 27, no. 2 (January 2000): 169–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/jfa.2000.27.2.169.

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White, Joyce C., and Chureekamol Onsuwan Eyre. "5 Residential Burial and the Metal Age of Thailand." Archeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association 20, no. 1 (March 2010): 59–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-8248.2011.01028.x.

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Bentley, R. Alexander, Nancy Tayles, Charles Higham, Colin Macpherson, and Tim C. Atkinson. "Shifting Gender Relations at Khok Phanom Di, Thailand." Current Anthropology 48, no. 2 (April 2007): 301–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/512987.

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Domett, K. M., and N. Tayles. "Adult fracture patterns in prehistoric Thailand: a biocultural interpretation." International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 16, no. 3 (2006): 185–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oa.815.

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Higham, C. F. W., and H. Cawte. "Bronze Metallurgy in Southeast Asia with Particular Reference to Northeast Thailand." Journal of World Prehistory 34, no. 1 (February 21, 2021): 1–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10963-020-09151-3.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Archaeology Thailand"

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Cox, Katharine, and n/a. "Human migration in prehistoric Northeast Thailand." University of Otago. Department of Anatomy & Structural Biology, 2009. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20090626.150746.

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The aim of this thesis is to examine the scale of human migration in three prehistoric settlements in the Upper Mun River Valley (UMRV) Northeast Thailand, from c. 1700BC - AD500. Archaeological data implies migration may have had a central role in the development of agriculture and later metal technology in the region, which is suggested to show increased social complexity over this important stage in the development of states in mainland Southeast Asia. The scale of these migrations, however, are not known and based on archaeological evidence it is unclear whether there were large numbers of individuals migrating into the region in order to bring about the changes seen in the archaeological record. Two potentially complementary-methods are used to identify the extent of migration in the UMRV in this thesis. The first method, the study of dental morphological traits, is used as an indication of genotype of 78 prehistoric individuals. The second method is isotope analysis of the dental enamel of 74 individuals, used as indicators of childhood residence and diet. Strontium (Sr), Carbon (C) and Oxygen (O) isotopes are analysed. The first method reflects an individual�s genetic heritage through inherited traits, while the second method is an indication of an individual�s migration during their lifetime. Together, these methods may provide a powerful means to assess the scale of migration over an extended period of time in this region. As it has been posited that the introduction of agriculture is related to migration of people into the region, the current study hypothesises that while immigrants would be identified from outside the UMRV during all phases of occupation at the sites, this would be particularly so during the earlier phases. It is also hypothesised through analysis of the morphological traits that genetic relationships at each site could be suggested. Finally, it is also hypothesised that individuals with evidence for infectious diseases, which are otherwise rare in the region, would be immigrants. The frequencies of the dental morphological traits at each site are calculated, and a local pattern for each site developed. The results from the morphological traits suggest low levels of migration into the UMRV, and overall group homogeneity. Despite this homogeneity, it is suggested that several individuals may have been from a different genetic pool to others at the sites, reflected in a different combination of dental traits. There is also some evidence for genetic relationships between individuals, and over time, possibly indicating familial relationships at the sites. Stability in the Sr isotopes over time suggest a local signature for the UMRV. Sr isotopes did not support a hypothesis of large-scale immigration into the UMRV, as there were few isotopic outliers identified. Those individuals with clear outlier Sr results, and therefore probable immigrants, were predominately female. All phases of occupation of the UMRV attracted some long-range inward movement of people, although the data suggests long-range migration diminished over time. [delta]��C values show no significant change over time, possibly supporting the Sr data of limited migration into the region. While the interpretation of this isotope is primarily from a perspective of migration it is recognised that this may be limited to understanding variation in diet in the individuals. [delta]�⁸O values show significant change over time (p = 0.00, ANOVA), perhaps consistent with previous research which suggested increased aridity in the UMRV. An alternative explanation of the [delta]�⁸O data is that migration increased with time, with people who were differentiated by their O isotopes but not their Sr, however the increased aridity hypothesis is favoured here. The hypothesis that individuals with evidence for infectious disease would be long-range immigrants into the region is rejected. None of the individuals who had physical evidence for infectious disease had chemical data to support their being immigrants. The putative migrants to the UMRV are presented as case studies, assessing the complementarity of the methods used. It is argued that given the changes in the environment over time in the UMRV the area may have become less attractive to immigrants and as a result the communities may have become more insular. The data yielded from the two methods have demonstrated the value of using inherited dental traits together with isotopic data of individual migration for investigating human mobility in the past. Using these methods, this study shows that there were low levels of migration into the UMRV and that long-range migration was more frequent in the earliest phases of occupation in the region.
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Wiriyaromp, Warrachai, and n/a. "The neolithic period in Thailand." University of Otago. Department of Anthropology, 2008. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20080904.111233.

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There are two principal models that purport to interpret the evidence for the origins of the Neolithic period in Thailand. Both stress the importance of rice cultivation and the domestication of a range of animals. One incorporates archaeological and linguistic evidence in identifying the origins as the result of the diffusion of farming communities into Southeast Asia and India from a source in the Yangtze River valley. The alternative stresses a local evolutionary pathway whereby indigenous hunter-gatherers began to cultivate rice within Thailand. This dissertation is centred on the results of the excavation of Ban Non Wat, in the Upper Mun Valley of Northeast Thailand. This has provided one of the largest, best dated and provenanced samples of occupation and mortuary remains of a Neolithic community so far available in Southeast Asia. Its principal objective is to define the motifs incised, impressed and painted onto the surface of ceramic mortuary vessels, in order to permit a comparison with other assemblages first in Thailand, then in Southeast Asia north into China. It is held that if there are close parallels over a wide geographic area, in these motifs, then it would support a model of diffusion. If there are not, then the alternative of local origins would need to be examined closely. It is argued that the similarity in motifs, particularly a stylised human figure, between Thai and Vietnamese sites lends support to a common origin for these groups. The motifs are not so obvious when examining the southern Chinese data, although the mode of decoration by painting, incising and impressing recur there. This, in conjunction with mortuary rituals, weaving technology, the domestic dog, and the linguistic evidence, sustains a model for demic diffusion. However, the presence of ceramic vessels also decorated with impressed/incised techniques in maritime hunter-gatherer contexts stresses that the actual Neolithic settlement may have been more complex.
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Cawte, Hayden James, and n/a. "Smith and society in Bronze Age Thailand." University of Otago. Department of Anthropology, 2008. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20081212.151716.

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A metalsmith�s ability to turn stone into metal and mould metal into useable objects, is one of the most valuable production industries of any society. The conception of this metallurgical knowledge has been the major catalyst in the development of increasing socio-political complexity since the beginning of the Bronze Age (Childe, 1930). However, when considering the prehistory of Southeast Asia, especially Thailand, it is noted that the introduction of metallurgical activity, namely copper and bronze technology, did not engender the increase in social complexity witnessed in other regions. It is suggested that the region is anomalous in that terms and concepts developed to describe and define Bronze Ages by scholars working in other regions, lack strict analogues within Southeast Asia. Muhly (1988) has famously noted the non-compliance of Southeast Asia to previous models, "In all other corners of the Bronze Age world-China, Mesopotamia, Anatolia, the Aegean and central Europe-we find the introduction of bronze technology associated with a complex of social, political and economic developments that mark the rise of the state. Only in Southeast Asia, especially in Thailand and Vietnam, do these developments seem to be missing" (Muhly, 1988:16). This "rise of the state" is associated with the development of hierarchy, inequality, and status differentiation, evidence for which, it is argued, is most explicitly articulated in mortuary contexts (Bacus, 2006). Evidence would include an intra-site restriction in access to resources, including prestige goods, and ranking, a vertical differentiation, often related to interment wealth. Thus the introduction of metallurgical technology saw copper and other prestige goods, used to entrench authority and advertise status (Coles and Harding; 1979). Such evidence has so far been absent in Bronze Age, Southeast Asian contexts. Accordingly, the usefulness of the term "Bronze Age" for describing and defining Southeast Asian assemblages has been questioned (White, 2002). However, the Ban Non Wat discovery of wealthy Bronze Age interments, with bronze grave goods restricted to the wealthiest, has furrowed the brow of many working in the region, providing evidence to at least reconsider this stance. Despite its obvious importance in shaping Bronze Age societies around the globe, and now, significance in Northeast Thailand, very little is known of the acceptance, development, and spread of tin-bronze metallurgical techniques during the prehistory of Southeast Asia. Only a handful of investigations of archaeological sites in the region have investigated the use of metals beyond macroscopic cataloguing. Utilising an agential framework, the Ban Non Wat bronze metallurgical evidence has been investigated as an entire assemblage, from the perspective of the individual metalsmith, in order to greater understand the industry and its impact upon the society incorporating the new technology. Furthermore, mortuary data is investigated by means of wealth assessment, as an insight into social form throughout the corresponding period of adoption, development and spread of metallurgy. The bivalent study of society and technology has shed light on the development of socio-political, and economic complexity during Bronze Age Southeast Asia, and in doing so, outlined the direct impact the metalsmiths themselves had on the supply, spread and functioning of their important industry. Variabilities in grave �wealth,� have been identified at Ban Non Wat. A further situation not previously encountered in Bronze Age Southeast Asia, is the restriction of bronze goods, in death, to differentiated, wealthy individuals. The existence of such individuals suggests that society during this period was rather more complex than regional precedents would suggest. I contend that it is the introduction of metallurgy, and in particular, the nature in which it was conducted that engendered these developments. Therefore, when considering the traditional course of developing social-political complexity during the Bronze Age, it now seems that Thailand at least, is potentially, not that anomalous.
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Boer-Mah, Tessa. "An adze to grind : lithic resource procurement and reduction of ground stone adzes from Ban Non Wat, Northeast Thailand." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2008. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/21934.

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Trade contributed to the formation of complex states in Southeast Asia during the historic period (1st millennium AD). It is thought that the antecedents of trade developed from prehistoric exchange networks starting in the Neolithic (2nd-3 rd millennium BC). The extent of such prehistoric networks is not clear, however, ground stone adzes have been identified as goods that were exchanged. The aim of this thesis is to examine the procurement of lithic resources at Ban Non Wat, northeast Thailand and to determine whether adzes were part of an exchange network. This thesis emphasises the relationships between procurement, reduction and the form of ground stone adzes recovered predominantly from Neolithic and Bronze Age contexts. Previous analyses in Thailand have suggested that adzes were exchanged in the Neolithic as part of a pan-regional network, but further examination is required to support this. The results from Ban Non Wat indicate that the exchange of ground stone adzes was not as common as some scholars have proposed. The detailed examination of adze reduction in this study demonstrates that use of traditional Southeast Asian adze typologies, severely limits the analysis of adze assemblages. This thesis has developed systemic models of direct access and exchange to address the question of lithic resource procurement. Significantly, these systemic models provide a methodological and theoretical framework which allows systems of adze procurement to be identified within a singlesite consumption context. This framework does not rely on distributional data from numerous sites, as has been the case for many studies of exchange. Often single-site studies of lithic resource procurement have relied on the analysis of quarries. However, this study is exceptional because it deals with a consumption/occupation context. The results show that the majority of adzes at Ban Non Wat were acquired through a direct access system of procurement and that a secondary source of cobbles was exploited. The systemic models of lithic resource procurement were successful in identifying lithic resource procurement at Ban Non Wat, and could be applied to similar assemblages in other parts of the world.
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Clarke, Wesley S. "Return to P'ong Tuk: Preliminary Reconnaissance of a Seminal Dvaravati Site in West-central Thailand." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1321396671.

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Rutnin, Somsuda. "The prehistory of Western Udon Thani and Loei Provinces, Northeast Thailand." Phd thesis, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/116894.

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The excavations at Spirit Cave, Non Nok Tha, Ban Chiang and other sites in Northeast Thailand have raised a number of issues that have placed Thailand on the stage of world prehistory. This thesis reports on the survey and excavations carried out in the mountainous western Udon Thani and Loei area of Northeast Thailand. The purpose of the project was to construct a cultural sequence for the region and to cast further light on the problematic issues of early agriculture and the beginnings of metallurgy. The survey results were consistent with those of Bayard and Penny who in the 1970s had examined neighbouring or overlapping areas. All the evidence suggests that western Udon Thani and Loei provinces were sparsely settled until Iron Age and historic times. Sites of an earlier age, such as ones belonging to the Hoabinhian and Bronze Age, have proved to be elusive. There is also evidence to suggest that wet rice farming was not a significant form of agriculture until relatively recent times. Notably, rice chaff temper was virtually » absent in the prehistoric pottery from the survey area, in contrast to the pottery found in the well-watered lowland areas of the Northeast region. A total of sixty-one sites was located during the survey including a burial cave and a jar burial, an axe/adze quarry, a rock art site, and mound sites. Three of these sites were excavated. An excavation carried out at the site of Non Sila indicated that it was a quarry and workshop for the production of unground axe/adze preforms. As far as can be determined the site was in use during Metal Age times, and this indicates the persistence of volcanic stone as a cheap alternative raw material to bronze and iron for tool making. The reduction sequence for the preforms appears to be straightforward, involving the hard hammer shaping of easily procured andesitic tuff nuclei. A representative mound site in Loei called Non Phrik was excavated. This site was dated to the late Metal Age and possibly the Early Historic Periods. While the artefact assemblage excavated at Non Phrik was broad, including potsherds, polished stone tools, spindle whorls" (or net weights), grinding stones and iron implements, there was no evidence of the relative wealth noted at other mound sites in better agricultural areas of the Northeast, such as Non Nok Tha and Ban Chiang. The third excavation was carried out in Pha Phim Cave. Because the burial in the cave had been looted the sediments were partially disturbed and difficulties were encountered in obtaining reliable C14 determinations. The burial is probably Pre_Buddhist and may well belong to the Iron Age. At least three different types of pots were found, two of which have elaborate and distinctive incised designs similar to those reported by Bayard from nearby Pha Ya Cave. As far as is known this decoration is unique to the local area.
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Noonsuk, Wannasarn. "The significance of peninsular Siam in the Southeast Asian maritime world." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/12066.

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Scott, Glen. "The Late Iron Age of Northeast Thailand and Central-Northwest Cambodia: a tale of two regions." Phd thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/170619.

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Grave goods provide an important source of insight into the material and social cultures of past societies. The presented research examines variability in social complexity across Inland Southeast Asia through the analysis of selected mortuary assemblages at late Iron Age (c. 200 – 600 CE) sites in Central-Northwest Cambodia and Northeast Thailand. Phum Sophy, Phum Lovea, and Prei Khmeng form the Cambodian collection while Non Ban Jak (supplemented with published data from Noen U-Loke and Ban Non Wat) provide the data for Northeast Thailand. Analysis of assemblage sizes, the presence or absence of semi-precious material, and the appearance and abundance of ornamental circlets (bangles, rings, earrings, etc.) are used to generate relative wealth values for each burial assemblage. It is argued that, by the late Iron Age, two distinctly different systems of social complexity separated the regions, with a three-tiered, stratified economy in Cambodia compared to a ranked, unstratified economy in Northeast Thailand. A morphological typology is developed to classify banded circular ornaments, termed circlets, on three levels in order to assess variability in expressions of dress in mortuary populations. The first classification level examines the cross-sectional shape of circlets while the second and third reference the type of band opening and overhead shape respectively. The typology serves as a reference system for recording and analysing the shape and form of circlets and can be applied across Iron Age sites in Cambodia and Thailand. The additional insight gained from examining circlet morphology is used in the assessment of burial wealth, with assemblages featuring a range of designs registering higher than those with few forms. A conclusion is tendered that, while complexity increased during the course of the Iron Age in both regions, the communities in the Northeast Thailand retained the characteristics of a chiefdom in the late prehistory while Central-Northwest Cambodia appears to have developed to the point of a complex polity.
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Ross, Kenneth William. "Sub-Adult Identity: Attitudes towards Childhood Viewed from Mortuary Settings in Neolithic and Bronze Age Thailand." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/157164.

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The examination of sub-adults from prehistoric populations is a recent development in archaeology. Before the rise of gender archaeology in the 1980s, children were associated with women and were peripheral or invisible figures in the archaeological discipline. From the 1990s a growing body of research focussed on children in prehistory has emerged in Europe, America and South America. This research has provided tremendous insight into the social, economic and ritual significance of children in prehistory. Unfortunately, similar research strategies examining the significance of children in prehistoric communities in Southeast Asia has not occurred with similar vigour. This thesis aims to understand the attitude of adults towards sub-adults in mortuary settings and to understand the significance of sub-adults in the social, economic and ritual elements of their communities. Finally, this study examines if similar behaviours were exhibited across the Neolithic and Bronze Ages in mainland Southeast Asia. Cemeteries from the Neolithic site of Khok Phanom Di and the Bronze Age sites of Ban Lum Khao and Non Nok Tha in modern Thailand were examined to compare the burial treatment of sub-adults in relation to adults using spatial and burial information, material culture and health variables. Mortuary evidence from Khok Phanom Di suggests that infants were exposed to differential burial treatment. It is suggested that infants were not afforded full membership of this community while children older than one year of age were more frequently exposed to normative burial treatment. Finally, it is suggested the transition from childhood to adulthood at Khok Phanom Di occurred for individuals aged 10 to 14 years of age. Greater homogeneity of mortuary behaviour is exhibited between sub-adults and adults in the Bronze Age, suggesting that the status of all children, including infants, had changed since the Neolithic. Changing mortality patterns for infants between the Neolithic and Bronze Ages may explain differential mortuary patterns observed in sub-adult cemetery populations.
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Kalnin, Elizabeth. "Displaced Burmese in Thailand: Refugee Policies and Impact on Access and Rights, 1988-2008." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/24229.

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My thesis research centres on the question, how have refugee policy formation and ground level implementation impacted the conditions and experiences of displaced Burmese in Thailand from 1988 to 2008? I examine the effects of the production of subject categories through Thai national laws and practices, a bilateral agreement, and the United Nations Convention on the Status of Refugees, in order to uncover how official policies are used to manage refugees. This study addresses questions regarding policy formation and implementation toward Burmese who have fled political oppression in Burma (Myanmar) and identifies issues related to the recognition of difference and the allocation of rights in the cultural contexts of migration and integration of minority populations. The formulation and implementation of refugee policies has global implications since policy solutions in general are developed from a perspective that ignores the emergence and significance of displacement.
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Books on the topic "Archaeology Thailand"

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Before Siam: Essays in art and archaeology. Bangkok: River Books, 2014.

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Moore, Elizabeth H. Moated sites in early north east Thailand. Oxford, England: B.A.R., 1988.

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Health in late prehistoric Thailand. Oxford: Archaeopress, 2001.

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Wilen, Richard N. Excavations at Non Pa Kluay, Northeast Thailand. Oxford, England: B.A.R., 1989.

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Nāthaphinthu, Suraphon. Mō̜radok Bān Chīang =: Ban Chiang : a world heritage in Thailand. [Bangkok]: Krom Sinlapākō̜n, 1998.

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undifferentiated, Charles Higham. Early Thailand: From prehistory to Sukhothai. Bangkok: River Books, 2012.

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1932-, Sørensen Per, and Thai-Danish Prehistoric Expedition, eds. Archaeological excavations in Thailand: Surface finds and minor excavations. London: Curzon Press, 1988.

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1939-, Higham Charles, and Bannanurag R, eds. The excavation of Khok Panom Di: A prehistoric site in Central Thailand. [London]: Society of Antiquaries of London, 1990.

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Watcharāngkūn, ʻŒ̄pprēm. Mō̜radok tai thō̜ng thalē Thai. Krung Thēp: Samnakphim Matichon, 2011.

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Charles, Higham. The excavation of Khok Phanom Di: A prehistoric site in Central Thailand. [London]: The Society of Antiquaries of London, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Archaeology Thailand"

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Shoocongdej, Rasmi. "Public Archaeology in Thailand." In New Perspectives in Global Public Archaeology, 95–111. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0341-8_8.

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Lertcharnrit, Thanik. "Thailand: Cultural Heritage Management." In Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology, 10582–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30018-0_1165.

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Lertcharnrit, Thanik. "Thailand: Cultural Heritage Management." In Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology, 7287–93. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_1165.

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Shoocongdej, Rasmi. "The History and Practice of Archaeology in Thailand." In Handbook of East and Southeast Asian Archaeology, 97–109. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6521-2_9.

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Abdul Wahab, Mohd Rohaizat, Zuliskandar Ramli, Nik Hassan Shuhaimi Nik Abdul Rahman, Mohammad Anis Abdul Samad, and Ahmad Helmi Mohd Mokhtar. "Community and Government Involvement in Preserving the Buatan Barat Boat in Southern Thailand." In Selected Topics on Archaeology, History and Culture in the Malay World, 201–10. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5669-7_16.

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"Thailand." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology, 1376. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58292-0_200311.

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"1. Ban Chiang, Northeast Thailand, and the Archaeology of Prehistoric Metallurgy." In Ban Chiang, Northeast Thailand, Volume 2A, 1–20. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.9783/9781931707442-007.

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Conference papers on the topic "Archaeology Thailand"

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Yukongdi, Pakpadee. "Khao San Dam: The Archaeological Evidence of Burnt Rice Festival in Southern Thailand | ข้าวสารดำา: หลักฐานทางโบราณคดีเกี่ยวกับประเพณีการเผาข้าวในภาคใต้ของ ประเทศไทย." In The SEAMEO SPAFA International Conference on Southeast Asian Archaeology and Fine Arts (SPAFACON2021). SEAMEO SPAFA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26721/spafa.pqcnu8815a-08.

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Recently in 2021the 11th office of the Fine Arts Department, Songkhla has reported their annual excavations in Trang Province that archaeologists have found some set of rice while excavation in process namely,1) Khao Kurum Archaeological Site, Huai Yod District and 2) Napala Archaeological Site, Muang District. The artifacts which were found associated with the rice grains on the habitation layer consisted of potsherds, animal bones, grindstone, beads, etc. The grains of rice are short and brown in colour which is examined as carbonized since the beginning at its first left. The primary examination by archaeologists has classified the rice of Napala Archaeological Site as short grain of probably Orysa sativa (Indica or Aus) rice. AMS Radiocarbon dating by Beta Analytic Testing Laboratory shows the AMS standard results and calibration dating of charred material measured radiocarbon age:1440±30BP. Because of their geographical location, both sites are incredibly located on one side of the hill slope, where they were suitable for habitat and plantation, especially tiny paddy fields and farms with sufficient water supply either small stream or well. The found rice, which now still grows uphill, probably called ‘Khao rai’ needs less water or no marsh. Comparative study of ethnographic “Atong” 1 of 12 sub-tribes of the “Garos” Tibeto-Burman in Meghalaya, India which originated slash-and-burnt socio-groups, have shown an interest in growing rice activity. According to their ritual ceremony for planting of paddy, other grain, and seeds takes place. There are many ritualistic offerings of rice such as (1) flattened rice by asking for permission to cultivate the land from the first harvested paddy in May. (2) After the harvesting in September or October, the 1st ceremony of the agricultural year is a thanksgiving ceremony to mark the end of a period of toil in the fields and harvesting of bumper crops, which is probably the most important festival of the Garos locally called “Maidan syla” meant to celebrate the after-harvested festival or burnt rice festival. Their 2nd ceremony is to revive the monsoon clouds. People throw cooked rice on the floor to symbolize hailstones. Noticing the rice, were probably the assemblage of “Khao San Dam” in many activities of these ceremonies, that is the archaeological evidence found in Khao Kurum and Napala Archaeological Sites. In the Southern part of Thailand, once the crops have already cultivated, people celebrate to welcome their outcrops most probably at the end of September to October and mark their end of plantation before the monsoon come. People prepare 4 main rice desserts put together with other necessity stuffs in the “hmrub” special large containers and donate to the ancestors through Buddhist ceremony. Though archaeological evidence shows that southern peninsular was where the migrants from the west especially India origins, who shared same habitat of hillslope, might brought their different traditions through both land trans-peninsular and sea routes then settled down inner western or eastern coast since prehistoric times. The beliefs in animism might belong to some other western migrants and with having “hmrub” is one of their unique cultural characteristic material and tradition remain. Once they settled down then converged to Buddhism, the ritual ceremony may be changed due to religion, but tradition remains the same today, that is, Bun Duean Sib on the 10th of the lunar month or September-October.
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2

Arporn, Vithaya. "Forms of government and local community participation in the management of cultural World Heritage sites in Southeast Asia | รูปแบบของรัฐกับการมีส่วนร่วมของชุมชนท้องถิ่นในการจัดการแหล่งมรดกโลกทาง วัฒนธรรม ในเอเชียตะวันออกเฉียงใต้." In The SEAMEO SPAFA International Conference on Southeast Asian Archaeology and Fine Arts (SPAFACON2021). SEAMEO SPAFA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26721/spafa.pqcnu8815a-03.

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This paper studied the management of three World Heritage sites in 3 countries of Southeast Asia : Malaysia, Laos, and Thailand. The results of this research show that a decentralized form of government in Southeast Asia provides opportunities for local communities to develop better participation in the World Heritage site management than the centralized forms of government. For local communities to contribute to the World Heritage philosophy, it is necessary to improve both the conceptual and practical aspects of the World Heritage Committee, Advisory organizations, and State Parties. They have to learn lessons and agree to work closely together. บทความนี้เลือกศึกษาการจัดการแหล่งมรดกโลกจำานวน 3 แหล่งในประเทศมาเลเซีย ลาว และไทย โดยใช้วิธีการ สำารวจเอกสาร ผลการศึกษาพบว่า รูปแบบของรัฐในเอเชียตะวันออกเฉียงใต้ที่กระจายอำานาจจะเปิดโอกาสให้ ชุมชนท้องถิ่นสามารถพัฒนาการมีส่วนร่วมในการจัดการแหล่งมรดกโลกได้ดีกว่ารูปแบบรัฐที่รวบอำานาจ การที่จะ ให้ชุมชนท้องถิ่นมีส่วนร่วมตามปรัชญาของมรดกโลกจึงจะต้องปรับปรุงทั้งในส่วนของกรอบคิดและการปฏิบัติทั้งใน ส่วนของคณะกรรมการมรดกโลก องค์กรที่ปรึกษา และรัฐภาคี โดยต้องสรุปบทเรียนและยอมรับร่วมกันอย่างใกล้ ชิด
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3

Chandnasaro, Dharakorn. "The Series of Archaeological Dance: A Historical Study and Dance Move Recording with Labanotation | ระบำ􀄕ชุดโบร􀄕ณคดี: ก􀄕รศึกษ􀄕เชิงประวัติศ􀄕สตร์ และก􀄕รบันทึกท่􀄕ร 􀄕ด้วยล􀄕บ􀄕นโนเทชัน." In The SEAMEO SPAFA International Conference on Southeast Asian Archaeology and Fine Arts (SPAFACON2021). SEAMEO SPAFA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26721/spafa.pqcnu8815a-26.

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The Series of Archaeological Dances is a creative work of Thai dance inspired by information and evidence of ancient antiquities and sites discovered in Thailand to make the archaeological evidence found to be alive again in the form of Thai theatre and dance. The name of the historical period of art identified by the scholars are used to define the names of five performance of the Archaeological Dances, namely, Dvāravatī Dance, Srīvijaya Dance, Lopburi Dance, Chiang Saen Dance, and Sukhothai Dance. Each performance has its own unique style with no related content to each other. This series of dances were premiered on 25 May 1967, in front of King Rama IX and Queen Sirikit. Regarding to the movement of the body, there is unique identity that reflects the ethnicity of the area and the civilization from the land where the archaeological evidence of each era was discovered. They were created according to the imagination of the choreographers of the dance posture. In addition, The Series of Archaeological Dances are popularly performed on various occasions continuously until present day. ระบ􀄬ำชุดโบรำณคดี เป็นผลงำนสร้ำงสรรค์ด้ำนนำฏศิลป์ของประเทศไทยที่ได้รับแรงบันดำลใจจำกข้อมูลและหลัก ฐำนด้ำนศิลปะโบรำณวัตถุสถำนที่ถูกค้นพบได้ในพื้นที่ประเทศไทย เพื่อต้องกำรให้หลักฐำนโบรำณคดีที่ค้นพบได้ กลับมำมีชีวิตชีวำอีกครั้งในรูปแบบของนำฏศิลป์ โดยใช้ชื่อยุคสมัยทำงศิลปะที่นักวิชำกำรประวัติศำสตร์ระบุไว้ มำ ก􀄬ำหนดเป็นชื่อของกำรแสดงจ􀄬ำนวน 5 ชุด คือ ระบ􀄬ำทวำรวดี ระบ􀄬ำศรีวิชัย ระบ􀄬ำลพบุรี ระบ􀄬ำเชียงแสน และระบ􀄬ำ สุโขทัย กำรแสดงแต่ละชุดเป็นลักษณะแบบเอกเทศ ไม่มีเนื้อหำเกี่ยวข้องกัน จัดแสดงรอบปฐมทัศน์เมื่อวันที่ 25 พฤษภำคม พ.ศ. 2510 ต่อหน้ำพระที่นั่งของในหลวงรัชกำลที่ 9 และพระรำชินีในรัชกำลที่ 9 ในด้ำนกำรเคลื่อนไหว ร่ำงกำยมีเอกลักษณ์ที่สะท้อนควำมเป็นชำติพันธุ์ของพื้นที่และอำรยธรรมดินแดนที่ค้นพบหลักฐำนโบรำณคดีแต่ละ ยุคสมัย ซึ่งใช้รูปแบบกำรสร้ำงสรรค์ของนำฏศิลป์ไทยตำมจินตนำกำรของผู้ประดิษฐ์ท่ำร􀄬ำ นอกจำกนี้ระบ􀄬ำชุด โบรำณคดีได้รับควำมนิยมในกำรจัดแสดงอย่ำงต่อเนื่องในวำระต่ำง ๆ มำจนถึงปัจจุบัน
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4

Wangthongchaicharoen, Naruphol, Supamas Duangsakul, Pira Venunan, Sukanya Lertwinitnun, and Siriyupon Tubpenthai. "The Bronze Age People of Ban Kao: A Preliminary Analysis of the Human Remains from Ban Ta Po Archaeological Site, Western Thailand | คนสมัยส􀄬ำริดที่บ้ำนเก่ำ : รำยงำนขั้นต้นผลกำรวิเครำะห์โครงกระดูกมนุษย์จำกแหล่ง โบรำณคดีบ้ำนท่ำโป๊ะ ในภำคตะวันตกของประเทศไทย." In The SEAMEO SPAFA International Conference on Southeast Asian Archaeology and Fine Arts (SPAFACON2021). SEAMEO SPAFA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26721/spafa.pqcnu8815a-15.

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Ban Ta Po is located in the Ban Kao Subdistrict within an area that the Thai-Danish Expedition uncovered the famous Neolithic Ban Kao Culture in 1960. The two-season excavation in 2018 and 2020 discovered 17 burials dated to the Bronze age. The analysis of these individuals that were buried there were mostly infants and children. Two children appeared with some disease lesions on bones like porous on the cranium, a carious tooth related to the localized enamel hypoplasia, and the femoral bowing. All possibly indicate metabolic bone disease caused by a nutrition deficiency.
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