Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Archaeology of Europe'
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1
Ojala, Carl-Gösta. "Sámi Prehistories : The Politics of Archaeology and Identity in Northernmost Europe." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Arkeologi, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-108857.
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Throughout the history of archaeology, the Sámi (the indigenous people in northern Norway, Sweden, Finland and the Kola Peninsula in the Russian Federation) have been conceptualized as the “Others” in relation to the national identity and (pre)history of the modern states. It is only in the last decades that a field of Sámi archaeology that studies Sámi (pre)history in its own right has emerged, parallel with an ethnic and cultural revival among Sámi groups. This dissertation investigates the notions of Sámi prehistory and archaeology, partly from a research historical perspective and partly from a more contemporary political perspective. It explores how the Sámi and ideas about the Sámi past have been represented in archaeological narratives from the early 19th century until today, as well as the development of an academic field of Sámi archaeology. The study consists of four main parts: 1) A critical examination of the conceptualization of ethnicity, nationalism and indigeneity in archaeological research. 2) A historical analysis of the representations and debates on Sámi prehistory, primarily in Sweden but also to some extent in Norway and Finland, focusing on four main themes: the origin of the Sámi people, South Sámi prehistory as a contested field of study, the development of reindeer herding, and Sámi pre-Christian religion. 3) An analysis of the study of the Sámi past in Russia, and a discussion on archaeological research and constructions of ethnicity and indigeneity in the Russian Federation and the Soviet Union. 4) An examination of the claims for greater Sámi self-determination concerning cultural heritage management and the debates on repatriation and reburial in the Nordic countries. In the dissertation, it is argued that there is a great need for discussions on the ethics and politics of archaeological research. A relational network approach is suggested as a way of opening up some of the black boxes and bounded, static entities in the representations of people in the past in the North.
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Garefalakis, Charalampos. "Neanderthal archaeology in MIS 3 Western Europe : ecological and anthropological perspectives." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2009. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/366711/.
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Hopkinson, Terry. "The Middle Palaeolithic leaf points of Europe : an ecological geography." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272320.
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Sanders, Jeffrey R. "Sacral landscapes : narratives of the megalith in north western Europe." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/2671.
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The construction of archaeological narrative is influenced by a number of factors. Some come from within disciplinary boundaries, whilst others are traced from the wider influences of social, cultural or academic contexts. This thesis examines three areas identified as Neolithic ‘landscapes’, all of which have been the subject of archaeological investigation since the 19th century. The history of research of these areas allows an evaluation of how these disparate influences interact. In this way, the three landscapes act as an arena in which to explore aspects of the archaeological approach itself. This leads to a critical examination of the interpretative tools available to the archaeologist. How concepts such as ‘landscape’ are formed and affect discourse is explored. Wider themes of demarcation, typology and the underlying assumptions of research are investigated in relation to the interpretation of the Neolithic and Early Bronze Age of North Western Europe. The large span of time that these periods encompass allows exploration of change from the short to very long term, although this is not always utilised within archaeological accounts. The treatment of time is therefore considered in conjunction with explanations of change in prehistory. A powerful approach to time is suggested by combining aspects of the work of Pierre Bourdieu and Fernand Braudel and the potential for this is evaluated against the archaeological record of the three areas. How the assumptions of the archaeological approach are acted out within the historiography of each area highlights a number of recurring metaphors that are used to interpret the material record. These promote a portrayal of Neolithic life that combines with the range of influences from the history of archaeology itself to promote an idea of the prehistoric mentalité. A very durable and underlying type that constantly resurfaces in these accounts is the idea of the ‘sacral landscape’, which is the central topic of this thesis.
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Kofidou, Fotini. "Lithics and personhood in the Lateglacial of north west Europe." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2009. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/349469/.
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This thesis examines aspects of human personhood as expressed through lithic artefacts in north west Europe during the Lateglacial. The research sites are Hengistbury Head in Britain, Rekem in Belgium and a cluster of sites in the Neuwied Basin, in Central Rhineland. The case studies cover the period of the Lateglacial Interstadial complex, about 15,500 -13,000 cal years BP. The work aims at exploring the social practice of creating hunter-gatherer personhood in given social, temporal, spatial and material contexts. The discussion centres on the social and embodied nature of lithic technology as a means of negotiating the human person. In doing so, this study situates the discourse of the reciprocal and mutually constructing relationship between humans and objects at the core level of the individual. Placed within social archaeological theory, the research adopts an outlook of social practice as an active manner of involvement. Relational entanglements between humans and things can accumulate or enchain the physical and metaphorical resources of the world, consequently leading to stasis or transformation. Therefore this thesis demonstrates that continuity and change in the archaeological record are associated with expressions of self ontologies. Further, the work suggests that, in order to comprehend this material variability, it would be helpful to consider the Lateglacial as a dynamic process of hybrid engagements instead of a fixed chronological and cultural unit.
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Fluck, Hannah Louise. "Non-biface assemblages in Middle Pleistocene Western Europe : a comparative study." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2011. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/344708/.
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This thesis presents the results of an investigation into the Clactonian assemblages of Middle Pleistocene souther Britain. By exploring other non-biface assemblages (NBAs) reported from elsewhere in Europe it seeks to illuminate our understanding of the British assemblages by viewing them in a wider context. It sets out how the historical and geopolitical context of Palaeolithic research has influenced what is investigated and how, as well as interpretations of assemblages without handaxes. A comparative study of the assemblages themselves based upon primary data gathered specifically for that purpose concludes that while there are a number of non-biface assemblages elsewhere in Europe the Clactonian assemblages do appear to be a phenomenon unique to the Thames Valley in early MIS 11. However, traditional explanations for this phenomenon, such as cultural variation, cultural migration and pioneer populations are challenged and a new interpretation centred on the concept of a default flaking pattern is proposed.
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Williams, Michael A. "Shamanic interpretations : reconstructing a cosmology for the later prehistoric period of north-western Europe." Thesis, University of Reading, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391352.
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Stratton, Susan. "Burial and identity in the Late Neolithic and Copper Age of south-east Europe." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2016. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/98634/.
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In the Late Neolithic of south-east Europe, c. 5000 cal BC, a new form of burial practice appeared, as communities started to bury their dead in discrete extramural cemeteries. At the same time as this new formal burial practice, we see an increase in the number of grave goods placed with burials. There was a greater interest in the expression of identity through objects in the mortuary realm. This change was not simultaneous across the region of south-east Europe. It took two different trajectories, one in the Lower Danube and Black Sea coast region (the eastern region) and another in the Carpathian Basin (the western region). In the eastern region, cemeteries appear as discrete formal areas to bury the dead suddenly, c. 5000 cal BC, in stark contrast to the unknown burial practice that preceded it. In the western region, settlement burial in groups became the norm first, before fully extramural cemeteries appeared c. 4400 cal BC. This thesis analyses a number of these first cemeteries from both regions, looking at who was buried in them and what they were buried with. It is interested in what was being expressed about individual and social identity in the mortuary context. It uses correspondence analysis to look for patterns within the grave goods which may reveal specific social identities, such as age grades, gender or status. It concludes that the expression of difference through the body was an important part of the emergence of cemetery use. Furthermore, it provides new data about the timing of cemetery emergence by radiocarbon dating the Romanian cemetery site of Cernica.
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Bestley, Nicola. "Material culture and cosmology : megalithic monuments and ritual practice in the Neolithic of north-west Europe." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272337.
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Klevnäs, Alison Margaret. "Whodunnit? : grave-robbery in early medieval northern and western Europe." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/236124.
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This thesis brings together all that is currently known of early medieval grave reopening in northern and western Europe. It investigates in detail an intensive outbreak of grave-robbery in 6th-7th century Kent. This is closely related to the same phenomenon in Merovingia: an example of the import of not only material goods but also a distinctive cultural practice. Limited numbers of similar robbing episodes, affecting a much smaller proportion of graves in each cemetery, are also identified elsewhere in Anglo-Saxon England. Although the phenomenon of grave-robbery is well-attested in Merovingia, this research is the first study at a regional level. The aim is to advance the debate about early medieval robbery from general discussion of interpretative possibilities to evaluation of specific models and their compatibility with the archaeological evidence. The conclusions have significant implications for the interpretation of grave-robbery across early medieval Europe. In Kent robbing is at a level that must be considered in any discussion of cemetery evidence. The poor publication record has inhibited recognition and analysis of robbing in the county. However, by using extensive archive material, this thesis has shown that the practice of ransacking graves was on a similar scale in East Kent as in Merovingia. This research identifies over 200 reopened graves across Kent, with at least 15 sites affected. At the most intensely robbed sites, an average of over 20% of burials were disturbed. Robbing is likely to have had a significant impact on artefact finds, especially from the late 6th century onwards. Grave-robbery opens a window onto the wider meanings and values of grave-good types within the early medieval period. The analysis in this thesis demonstrates that the main motive for reopening was the removal of grave goods. However, straightforward personal enrichment was not the goal. A deliberate, consistent selection of certain grave-good types were taken from burials, while other apparently covetable possessions were left behind. The desired grave-goods were removed even when in an unusable condition. It is argued that the selection of goods for removal was related to their symbolic roles in the initial burial rite. Their taking was intended to harm living descendants by damaging the prestige and strength of the dead. In addition to the robbed graves, there is a small number of graves spread across the sites which were reopened for bodily mutilation or rearrangement of skeletal parts. These closely resemble the better known deviant burial rites which were applied to certain corpses at the time of initial burial and are interpreted as a reaction to fear of revenants. In modern Britain burial is a finite and final process: the definitive disposal of a dead body. The archaeological and ethnographic records contain many examples of more complex series of events to enable the dead to move on from the living. The material remains of such processes can be seen in revisited and reopened graves, and in myriad manipulations of human bodies. This case study is a detailed, contextualised investigation of the after-history of burial monuments focused on the early Middle Ages.
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Heeb, Julia Maria. "Copper shaft-hole axes and early metallurgy in south-eastern Europe : an integrated approach." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3636.
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Although the copper axes with central shaft-hole from south-eastern Europe have a long history of research, they have not been studied on a transnational basis since the 1960s. What has also been missing is an integrated or holistic approach, trying to use as many methods as possible and better understand the production, use and context of these enigmatic objects. This present research therefore approaches the axes from different angles. A database was compiled in order to find answers on questions such as the patterns of distribution, context, fragmentation and deformation of axes. For the distribution of axes in general as well as different attributes like fragmentation and typology, the content of the database was imported into GIS software and analysed. Aspects of production were considered through experimental archaeology, metallographic analysis and a re-discovered axe blank with missing shafthole. Especially the missing moulds make it difficult to fully understand the production sequence. The typology was re-evaluated and modified to ensure comparability across modern national boundaries. The context and background was developed through a thorough review of the literature and combined with theoretical considerations. The integration of all these approaches yielded some interesting results. The great variability in shape combined with the results of metallographic analyses clearly shows that a variety of production techniques were used, but it is as yet difficult to relate these to specific geographic areas or even cultural groups. In fact the typology as well as the practice of marking the axes indicate that traditional archaeological ‘cultures’ rarely correspond to the distribution of a type or to the practice of marking the axes. They show instead that there were different spheres of influence, some even more localised and others much larger (like the Carpathian Basin) than specific ceramic traditions. These different levels of belonging, as well as the increasing visibility of the individual in the archaeological record, show that it was a period of complex cultural patterns and interactions. The axes were a part of these networks of the daily life on many different levels from the strict utilitarian to the ritualised placement in burial contexts.
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Ravn, Mads. "Germanic social structure (c. AD 200-600) : a methodological study in the use of archaeological and historical evidence in migration age Europe." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1998. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272489.
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Brzezinski, Emma T. "Sex Differences in Workload in Medieval Eastern Europe: Patterns of Asymmetry andBiomechanical Adaptation in the Upper Limb at Giecz, Poland." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1586691494196761.
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Russell, Thembi M. "The spatial analysis of radiocarbon databases : the spread of the first farmers in Europe and of the fat-tailed sheep in Southern Africa." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269940.
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Ferrari, Ben. "Physical, biological and cultural factors influencing the formation, stabilisation and protection of archaeological deposits in U.K. coastal waters." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2971.
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A considerable corpus of information regarding the formation of terrestrial archaeological deposits exists which is not matched by studies of deposit formation in coastal waters. Similarly, there is a disjunction between strident calls for minimal disturbance investigation, with conservation in situ, and knowledge of how this might actually be achieved in the marine environment. The manner in which the investigation of deposit formation can complement the study of in situ conservation is considered An approach is proposed which combines selected elements of Schiffer's Transformation Theory with a method of studying changes to deposits outlined by Wildesen. It is suggested that, although sufficient regularities can be detected in the influence of formation processes to allow their influence to be recognised and inference refined accordingly, there are case specific limitations on the extent to which the precise influence of each process can be described and evaluated. A case study is presented which investigates casual depredation as a formation process. Commercial fishing activity and marine burrowing activity are the subject of detailed consideration. New insights into these processes result from this study and specific recommendations concerning in situ conservation of deposits subject to their influence are made. The need to consider fishing practice as well as the mechanical properties of fishing gear in the study of deposit formation and protection is emphasised. The excavation of a 16th century wreck in Studland Bay, Dorset, is used to demonstrate the pervasive influence of burrowing activity and the problems associated with mitigation of this process. Recommendations are made regarding future study of formation processes and the development of policy related to the management of the submerged archaeological resource.
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Brami, Maxime. "The diffusion of Neolithic practices from Anatolia to Europe : a contextual study of residential and construction practices 8,500-5,500 BC cal." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2014. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/18873/.
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Ever since Vere Gordon Childe’s seminal work on The Dawn of European Civilization (Childe 1925), it has been widely accepted that European agriculture originated in Southwest Asia. Exactly how farming spread to Europe from its origins in Southwest Asia remains, however, a matter of debate. Much of the argument has revolved around the manners of spreading of the Neolithic, whether through colonisation, acculturation or a combination of both. Far less attention has been given to the actual content of the Neolithic pattern of existence that spread into Europe. In my thesis, I review one particular type of content, practices, defined by reference to the theories of social action as normative acts or ways of doing. Practices are marked out by repetitive patterns in the material record, such as burnt houses for the practice of house-burning. Accordingly, practices are inferred, rather than instantiated, from their material expression, using information about the context and the sequence of stratigraphic events. Beyond farming practices, the Neolithic witnessed the inception of a new set of residential and construction practices, pertaining to the way in which houses were built, lived in and discarded at the end of their use-lives. This research tracks each of five main areas of practices from their origins in the Near East: house ‘closure’, house replacement, residential burial, spatial organisation in the rectangular house and agglutination. The aim is to examine whether some of the more distinctive Near Eastern practices, such as the deliberate infilling of houses at ‘closure’, the vertical superimposition of houses, the burial of the dead under active households, the spatial division of the main room into two flooring areas and the agglutination of houses in cellular house patterns, spread into Europe. I find that this older habitus of practices, which was involved in upholding a static repetition, house upon house, of the same pattern of existence, did not spread or only marginally into Europe. Over the course of the 7th millennium BC cal., however, it was superseded by another habitus of practices with a focus on collective action, which had wider relevance and appeal. The sequence of Çatalhöyük East, which spans both horizons of practices, serves as a guide to examine the broader dynamics of change in this period. My thesis claims, on the basis of inference drawn from compiling together a database of 848 radiocarbon dates from 59 sites, uniformly re-calibrated and displayed with the same confidence interval in an interactive interface, the 14C Backbone, that there was a two-thousand year lag, plus or minus a few hundred years, between the advent of Neolithic economy on the Central Anatolian Plateau and in the Aegean Basin. As it stands, the Western Anatolian Neolithic, which starts at or shortly before 6,500 BC cal., matches the Southeast European sequence more than it does the Southwest Asian one. New research in Western Anatolia suggests that there is ground to link up Thessaly and Macedonia with the Lake District and the Aegean coast of Anatolia, and Thrace with the Eastern Marmara region, regarding the advent of Neolithic practices.
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Budd, Chelsea. "Neolithic Anatolia and Central Europe : disentangling enviromental impacts from diet isotope studies." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3166062c-6c74-4d5c-b347-c9967bedbbde.
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The aim of this thesis was to reconstruct dietary choices for Neolithic populations in Anatolia and Poland using stable isotope analysis, and to examine the extent to which local environmental factors in these regions affected the isotope values recorded from skeletal collagen. In total 278 new δ13C and δ15N values were obtained from human and animal bone collagen for this project (161 from the site of Oslonki 1, 59 from Barçin Höyük, and 58 from the site of Aktopraklik). From an environmental perspective, the multi-level statistical modelling highlighted a clear relationship with δ13C and δ15N and moisture availability, which was most evident through the proxy of mean annual precipitation (MAP). The modelling highlighted a 0.4‰ decrease in d13C for every 100mm decrease of MAP, and a 0.5‰ decrease in d15N for every 100mm decrease between sites. The δ13C and δ15N values for the North-West Anatolian sites are the first dietary isotopic studies for the Neolithic period in the region. The values are largely commensurate with the dietary isotope studies from Neolithic sites located on the Central Anatolian plateau, with the caveat that the North-West sites perhaps had a greater reliance on herbivore protein (instead of plant protein) than their plateau counterparts. The dietary reconstruction of Oslonki 1 uncovered a rather unexpected outcome - namely that status exerted a degree of control over human diet. If this is indeed true it will be the earliest evidence in Europe of a distinct relationship between the socioeconomic status and diet of an individual.
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Pydyn, Andrzej. "The social and cultural impact of exchange, trade and interregional contacts in the transition from the late Bronze Age to the early Iron Age in central Europe." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363733.
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Tzanidaki, Johanna-Despoina. "The European cultural heritage : community and national legislation for heritage management in the European Union." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1999. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/43790/.
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The aim of this research is the consideration of the cultural heritage policies of European institutions (the European Union and the Council of Europe) and the impact of such policies on the national heritage policy of two member States (Greece and Italy). The analysis focuses mainly on the national and supra-national heritage legislation. The EU by means of policies and laws has gradually emerged as an important factor in the field of national heritage management. The impact of the EU in the fields of heritage terminology and legislation is a fact. New concepts concerning things 'national' are being directly 'imported' from the EU to its member States. The use of heritage in the political arena has a long history in nation States, with regard to issues of identity. By taking this one step further, the EU aims to construct a 'European' identity which will eventually replace the different 'national' ones. A historical narrative proves the logic behind EU action. The cultural heritage has been used by the EU throughout the years for a variety of political and economic purposes. The amendment of national laws and the introduction of EU concepts into national heritage law are results of an imposed change, not of legal evolution. The comparison of the two EU member States emphasises the complexity of issues involved in both the national and supra¬ national level. The conclusions aspire to arouse awareness of the powers that EU enjoys over national heritage legislation. The thesis also endeavours to highlight the power of law to create and construct public attitude towards the heritage, enhancing or denying claims for identity. It assesses the political will behind legal acts and policies with regard to the heritage. It addresses the attempt made by European institutions to create 'uniformity' in both laws and concepts related to heritage in a Europe of diverse heritages.
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Popp, Nathan Alan. "Expressions of power: Queen Christina of Sweden and patronage in Baroque Europe." Diss., University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1999.
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Queen Christina of Sweden (1626-1689) utilized art in many ways to promote herself and assert power in Baroque Europe. Previous scholars have addressed either Christina’s use of art to safeguard authority as Swedish regnant, or her expressions of sovereignty as an erstwhile Protestant queen in Rome, but no scholarship to date has addressed the topic of how Christina’s patronage developed, or explored how motifs employed early on later reappeared. This dissertation brings together both sides of the equation to provide a comprehensive understanding of how Queen Christina’s patronage developed in Stockholm, and how her approach evolved as she became a fixture in Rome.
The deployment of the arts was necessary to assert Christina’s authority in a patriarchal environment and ultimately, to politically legitimize herself as an independent royal woman. An initial review of royal imagery of her father King Gustav II Adolf (1594-1632) provides the background for examination of early patronage promoting Christina, which drew upon Gustav’s precedents while beginning to establish her as a majestic leader in her own right. Originally the queen’s autonomy was limited by a constitutional rewrite as others steered her image for their own benefit, but Christina matured to make her own choices and developed an approach to patronage that continued throughout her life.
My research contributes to our understanding of Christina’s development as art patron by examining commissions that counteract this administrative system that restrained her sovereignty. Portraits from her majority rule relied on iconography and visual rhetoric to influence a select audience, while her coronation and abdication proceedings, by contrast, were multisensory public events that broadly proclaimed her capacity to rule. Hence my analysis ranges from the subtle reading of particular images to taking stock of the language of sheer pageantry of those more public visual displays.
After abdication Queen Christina had virtually no political clout, but as dowager regnant, she wielded art and patronage to maintain social standing and power. My research considers how Christina deployed the arts to craft her public persona and express her individuality within the male-dominated political structure of the Vatican even as others played off her remarkable abdication with patronage of their own. Christina’s approach was based on precedents developed in Sweden, and she applied them to her Roman situation with varied success. Through many challenges, scandals, and adversities, art was a potent vehicle both for Christina and for those around her to capitalize on her unique status in the history of Baroque Europe.
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Braithwaite, Gillian. "Faces from the past : a study of Roman face pots from Italy and the western provinces of the Roman Empire /." Oxford : Archaeopress, 2007. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0715/2007408620.html.
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Fernández, Reyes Pablo. "Metallurgical characterisation of 1st and 2nd century AD Roman copper-alloy military equipment from north-western Europe." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2014. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/2003529/.
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Roman military equipment has traditionally been studied from a typological perspective based on a linear concept of change. Whilst Roman alloys have been analysed scientifically and general studies on them have been published, analysis of military equipment has been scarce and mostly secluded as part of excavation reports of individual sites. Scientific analysis though, can provide independent ways of studying military equipment. It can answer questions about production and distribution of the raw materials and finished objects and is capable of informing on reasons for technological choices (the intention of obtaining determinate colours, for example), and identification of military units. A total of 216 copper-alloy military objects from the British sites of South Cadbury Castle, Ham Hill, Usk, Carlisle, Chester and Kingsholm, and the German site of Kalkriese were selected for obtaining metallurgical characterisation: chemical analysis at major, minor and trace element level and microstructural analysis to obtain fabrication history and identifying any plating. The analytical techniques employed were atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDS), optical microscopy and multivariate statistics methods such as principal component analysis (PCA), discriminant analysis (DA) and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). The aim of the project was to characterise the chemical and physical make-up of Roman military copper-alloy metalwork from the 1st century AD, with especial interest in the immediate post-conquest period. The results of the analysis show a difference between the Roman military equipment from British sites and the equipment from Kalkriese, based on trace element patterns. This difference can be explained by a large input of material into Britain that had been made in the years before AD43 in preparation for the conquest. Contrary to recent scholarship, and based on compositional and microstructural evidence, some lorica segmentata brass fittings seem to have been centrally produced. Primary brass and specific gunmetal compositions seem to be associated with the military and probably chosen primarily for their appearance and resemblance to gold, rather than for their mechanical properties. The possibility of mechanised production of brass is explored based on the brass ingot from Sheepen.
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Thacker, Mark Anthony. "Constructing lordship in North Atlantic Europe : the archaeology of masonry mortars in the medieval and later buildings of the Scottish North Atlantic." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23412.
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This thesis investigates the archaeological potential of masonry mortars throughout North Atlantic Europe, with a particular focus on the buildings and environments of medieval northern and western Scotland. The results of an extensive non-intrusive survey of medieval and later buildings are presented, within which nine multiphase sites were subject to more comprehensive building, environment and materials analysis. The survey suggests that, in general, different mortar-making techniques had well-defined sub-regional distributions which are not simply a correlate of environmental availability, but developed in different ways over time. Moreover, all of the more comprehensively studied buildings contain evidence of striking material contrasts from phases to phase which has great potential in standing building analysis. Material contrasts in masonry evidence between building phases, between neighbouring buildings, between specific buildings and the regional corpus, and between the regions themselves, are then considered as evidence of changing cultural, chronological and environmental context. The relationship between secular and ecclesiastical buildings across the region is a particular concern. Qualitative lab-based and on-site material interpretations made throughout the thesis are supported by a programme of comparative experimentation. This thesis includes the first comprehensive investigation of lime mortars made from marine shells, the first evidence of lime mortars made from coralline algae, results from the first programme of dating medieval buildings in Scotland through radiocarbon analysis of relict mortar fuel, and microstructural analysis of a large range of medieval mortars from Norway to the Isle of Man. Wider research considers the initial emergence of mortared masonry in North Atlantic Europe and the relationship between clay and lime mortars. Ultimately, by placing the upstanding buildings archaeology at the centre of the medieval and later landscape this thesis will demonstrate that masonry mortars have significant potential to inform our understanding of the cultural and environmental context of lordship construction in the North Atlantic, providing a new focus for further interdisciplinary discourse.
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Allen, Kathryn Grow. "Migration, Conversion and the Creation of an Identity in Southeast Europe| A Biological Distance and Strontium Isotope Analysis of Ottoman Communities in Romania, Hungary and Croatia." Thesis, State University of New York at Buffalo, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10284711.
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There are long-standing debates regarding the history and identity of Ottoman communities that settled in Southeast Europe during the Ottoman period. As with any political expansion, individuals from Anatolia, the capital region of the empire, were likely to have migrated to newly acquired areas as soldiers, administrators, and political leaders. A mass migration of people is, however, not the only process that may have defined the Ottoman communities in Southeast Europe, as historic documents also record the conversion of Europeans to Islam for a variety of reasons. A consensus on whether migration or conversion practices more significantly impacted the biological makeup of Ottoman Europe has not been reached.
Thus far, the nature and impact of the Ottoman past in Europe have been predominately studied from the evidence and viewpoint of written history. Anthropological methods and theory have the potential to shed light on the population dynamics of this key period however. This dissertation employed advancements from both archaeology and biological anthropology to conduct a regional bioarchaeological analysis of the European Ottoman period, seeking a better understanding of identity in this historic context.
Two forms of analyses allowed for in-depth inquiry into biological aspects of identity in Ottoman Europe. First, the assessment of biological affinities from four European Ottoman period groups was done using biological distance analyses of craniometric and cranial non-metric morphological variation. These communities, today located in Hungary, Romania, and Croatia, were compared not only to each other, but also to other European and Anatolian populations. The European and Anatolian comparative populations were represented by four skeletal series from Hungary, Austria, Croatia, and Anatolia. The second method, utilized for one of the Ottoman period populations (from Romania), analyzed strontium isotopes from human and faunal dental enamel. Together, these methods provided a dynamic approach for highlighting markers of biological identity and affinity from human skeletal remains.
The use of biological distance and strontium isotope analyses highlighted a number of interesting patterns in the European Ottoman communities. The Ottoman populations appear diverse in terms of constituting a mix of peoples from different biological backgrounds. This is evident both within a single Ottoman community, as well as between communities located in different parts of the Ottoman territory. Evidence of this diversity was clear between males and females in different Ottoman period populations. Larger than expected between-sex biological differences within the Ottoman communities suggest distinct population histories for males and females.
The diversity found within and between the four Ottoman period populations analyzed in this research can be used to better understand different social and political processes influencing the demography of Ottoman Europe. With migration and conversion frequently cited as the two main processes contributing to population change in the region, this analysis allowed for the consideration of how unique trajectories of both impacted different individuals and different groups of people in these societies. The biological data highlighted in this study disagree with many simplistic historical conclusions that cite either migration or conversion as the singular process behind the creation of Ottoman communities and the European Ottoman identity.
Despite historic evidence that immigration from Anatolia and the conversion of Europeans to Islam impacted the demography of European Ottomans, these communities are at times treated as biologically homogeneous ethnic groups. The Ottoman-established Muslim populations in Southeast Europe are not only treated as a distinct group historically, the division between Muslims or ‘Turks’ and Europeans has been maintained in some modern communities as well. With Islamic relations in some regions of contemporary Europe continuing to deteriorate, long-held notions that European Muslims are the ‘other’, trespassers on Christian lands, are unlikely to be assuaged. The creation of the European Muslim identity descending from the Ottoman period includes a complex history that is still not fully understood. Many modern identities are created from a complex amalgamation of biological and cultural processes, both historical and modern in origin, committing diverse peoples into uniform categories. The bioarchaeology of this dynamic period provided new data on groups of people that influenced both the past and present in Southeast Europe.
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Bergerbrant, Sophie. "Bronze Age Identities : Costume, Conflict and Contact in Northern Europe 1600-1300 BC." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antikens kultur, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-6772.
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This dissertation deals with male and female social identities during the Middle Bronze Age (1600-1300 BC) in southern Scandinavia and northern Germany. South Scandinavian Bronze Age research has traditionally focused on the male sphere, while women have seldom been seriously considered or analysed in terms of their roles, power or influences on society. This study addresses the imbalance through discussing the evidence for gender relations, social structures and identity. The topic will be approached using case studies from different areas of northern Europe and from a variety of angles (e.g. costume and appearance, age, violence, long distance contacts), always drawing on the rich material from burials. How people presented themselves varied not only between different areas, but also over time. Groups that treated material culture in a fairly similar way during Period IB (c. 1600-1500 BC) start treating it in different ways during Period II (c. 1500-1300 BC). In southern Scandinavia during Period II the material culture is fairly similar on the whole, but the different geographical groups use the artefacts in different ways. The level of violence seems to have fluctuated in the area during the Middle Bronze Age, with some areas showing more signs of violence at certain times. On the other hand the view on ageing seems to have been fairly similar over a large part of central and northern Europe, and from age 14 one seems to have been regarded as an adult. The dissertation also shows that long distance contacts were important and wide-ranging, and people seem to have moved across large areas of Europe, even if the visible exogamous marriage pattern seems to have decreased in distance from Period IB to Period II. In conclusion, although there seems to have been a general European pattern concerning e.g. the view on age, the archaeological record reveals many local variations in how this was expressed, e.g. on the body.
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Fischer, Svante. "Roman Imperialism and Runic Literacy : The Westernization of Northern Europe (150-800 AD)." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Department of Archaeology and Ancient History, Uppsala University, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-6271.
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Dias-Meirinho, Marie-Hélène. "Des armes et des hommes : l'archerie à la transition néolithique-âge du bronze en Europe occidentale." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00674601.
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Part importante de l'armement préhistorique pour les périodes récentes (quantitativement et qualitativement), l'archerie représente un objet d'étude riche en développements problématiques. A l'aube de l'introduction progressive de la métallurgie dans les usages techniques, il est intéressant de saisir le ou les processus de transferts mis en œuvre. Transition chronologique (Néolithique/Age du bronze), transition matérielle (types de pièces produites et types de matériaux employés) et transition comportementale sont ainsi envisagées pour parvenir à préciser le statut de cet armement dans les sociétés concernées. En nous basant sur la caractérisation de la panoplie de l'archer, sur l'identification des contextes de fabrication, sur la reconnaissance des champs fonctionnels (utilisations et usagers) et sur l'analyse archéo-balistique des vestiges de traumatismes par flèches dans le cadre de violences interhumaines, il en résulte un ensemble exhaustif qui renouvelle sensiblement la perception de cet armement dans le temps et dans les usages.
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Hogg, Lara. "Humans and animals in the Norse North Atlantic." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2015. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/89412/.
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It is a well-established fact that all human societies have coexisted with and are dependent upon animals and it is increasingly recognized that the study of human-animal relationships provides vital insights into past human societies. Still this is yet to be widely embraced in archaeology. This thesis has examined human-animal interdependencies to explore the social identities and structure of society in the Norse North Atlantic. Benefitting from recent research advances in animal studies and the ever increasing volume of archaeological reports from Norse period archaeological excavations the North Atlantic this thesis was able to develop previous scholarship and define directions for future research. The thesis explored the role of animals in human society in the North Atlantic to reveal the complex Norse societies that existed. It revealed through human interdependencies with animals that these societies were far from homogeneous and had their own distinct identities with the individual islands as well as across the North Atlantic. The thesis achieved this by examining several important discrete but interlinked themes. These themes were divided into four chapters that focused on the individual aspects. This included an examination of previous North Atlantic Viking Age scholarship, consideration of human construction and perception of landscape through archaeological excavations, investigation of the role of domestic animals in human social activities, and an exploration of the role of domesticated animals in beliefs. Although these are all connected the structure of the thesis was deliberately chosen to restrict repetition, although given the interconnected nature of human social identities, society and worldview this was not entirely possible. This thesis addressed some of the most fundamental questions in Norse archaeology. Notably, through examination of human-animal interdependencies, it provided a detailed insight into how Norse society understood and perceived the world, and consequently the structure of Norse society and social identities.
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Drieu, Léa. "Fabrication et usages des poteries durant le Néolithique et la Protohistoire en Europe : les apports de l’archéologie biomoléculaire." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR2020/document.
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Depuis une trentaine d’années, l’archéologie biomoléculaire s’est principalement attachée à étudier les substances organiques, notamment lipidiques, qui s’absorbent au sein des parois des récipients céramiques au cours de leur utilisation, grâce à des méthodes d’analyse séparative, structurale et isotopique. De façon à étudier les interactions entre la matrice céramique et les substances lipidiques, encore mal comprises, nous avons travaillé dans une perspective globale en prenant en considération l’ensemble du sous-système céramique, depuis l’acquisition des matières premières jusqu’à l’abandon du récipient. Nous avons étudié des tessons archéologiques issus de contextes variés, du point de vue chronologique, géographique et culturel (du Jura à la Sardaigne, entre le VIème et le Ier millénaire BC.), avec les méthodes classiques de l’archéologie biomoléculaire. Cette approche a été complétée avec diverses expérimentations et des méthodes d’analyse complémentaires, issues de la collaboration avec différents champs disciplinaires (étude des méthodes de façonnage, pétrographie des céramiques, sciences des matériaux, étude des sols, etc.). Grâce au formidable potentiel informatif des composés lipidiques et à la compréhension de leurs mécanismes d’absorption et de préservation, nous avons d’une part, identifié des chaînes opératoires de fabrication spécifiques (cuissons à basse température et/ou de courte durée, traitements des surfaces à chaud) et d’autre part, éclairé les modalités d’exploitation et de consommation des produits d’origine naturelle dans les céramiques par les populations pré- et protohistoriques de Méditerranée et du JuraFor more than 30 years, biomolecular archaeology has been concerned with investigating organic products, mainly lipids, absorbed within archaeological pottery walls during their use thanks to separation, structural and isotopic techniques. To study interactions between the ceramic matrix and lipids, still poorly understood, this doctoral project have been built through a holistic approach that aims to consider the entire pottery subsystem, from the sourcing of raw materials to the disposal of the vessel. For this purpose, archaeological potsherds from various chronological, geographical and cultural contexts (from the Jura to Sardinia, between the VIth and the Ist millennium BC) have been investigated using classical methods of biomolecular archaeology. Additionally a wide range of experiments and complementary analyses were undertaken through collaborative projects involving diverse fields (study of manufacturing techniques, petrography, material science, soil study, etc.). By exploring the considerable informative potential of lipids and precisely understanding their absorption and preservation mechanisms, specific chaînes opératoires (low temperature and/or short firing, post-firing surface treatments) have been revealed and vessel use and resource exploitation by Pre- and Protohistoric society from the Mediterranean and the Jura regions have been explored
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Enayat, Misha. "20,000 14C Years of Climate and Environmental Change in Europe : A Coleopteran-based Reconstruction with an Anthropocenic Focus." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Miljöarkeologiska laboratoriet, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-106655.
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This thesis builds on the work of previous coleopteran-based climatic reconstructions to recreate the environment and climate of the last 20,000 14C years of northwest Europe using the data and methods available within the Bugs Coleopteran Ecology Package, and aims to assess the ability of the BugsCEP results to provide information regarding events and anthropogenic changes on environment during the Anthropocene. Samples and data from 134 sites across northwest Europe and the British Isles were included in this study. The Mutual Climatic Range method and the BugStats module based on habitat code classifications were used to create the climatic and environmental reconstructions respectively, the results of which are provided in eight isotherm maps for 14.5-9 14C years BP and 2 EcoFigure graphs for 20,000 14C to present. While the results of some isotherm maps align with the changes described in previous studies, other climate trends are muted within these results. Likewise, some previously recognized environmental shifts in Europe are visible, whereas other major events are not distinguishable within the environmental record. An assessment of the environmental reconstruction results finds that though there is not sufficient material to support any proposed Anthropocene start dates, effects of anthropogenic influence upon the environment may be visible starting within the last 2,000 14C years; the results also show some support for the Vera Hypothesis.
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Kourela, Genovefa. "Palaeoentomological reconstruction of the environment during the Late Quaternary : A comparison between living species in Europe and regionally extinct in British Isles." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för idé- och samhällsstudier, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-152021.
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During the Late Quaternary, abrupt climate and cultural changes took place and made alternations to the past landscape. Climatic phenomena such as expand of ice masses,sea level rise, high and low temperatures, migration of humans, decline and increase of forest areas and more changes were the reason of changing the biodiversity of species and the formation of the land. Here cartographic maps with the use of GIS will be presented from reconstructions of the environment during the Late Quaternary, which then will be interpreted from coleopteran fossils for the whole of Europe. Furthermore, living and extinct species will be compared, in which the focus of the extinction will be in the British Isles. Each period will show a different abundance of species, the regional disappearance of the species will be depicted by the abrupt changes in the landscape during the past. Anthropogenic and natural factors will be discussed and be compared with the habitats of the species.
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Donnelly, Harriet. "The Celtic Question." Thesis, Department of Archaeology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/10175.
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The identity of the “Celts” has played an integral role in the understanding of the Iron Age and the more recent socio-political history of Europe. However, the terminology and attitudes which have been in place since the 19th century have created a field of research characterised by assumptions about a ‘people’ and a culture. Study of the “Celts” has been conducted in three main areas - genetics, linguistics and material culture from the archaeological record. Through the reassessment of these three fields, substantial divergence in the patterns and trends, as well as the highly regional nature of the evidence has been revealed within the vast interconnected trade and communication network that developed in Iron Age Europe. As a result the unitary phenomenon identified under the term “Celts” is actually that network. “Celtic” should be redefined as the label for that trade and communication network, not as a label for a group, culture or people, enabling the establishment of new identities for the regional populations of the European Iron Age.
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Reusch, Kathryn. ""That which was missing" : the archaeology of castration." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b8118fe7-67cb-4610-9823-b0242dfe900a.
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Castration has a long temporal and geographical span. Its origins are unclear, but likely lie in the Ancient Near East around the time of the Secondary Products Revolution and the increase in social complexity of proto-urban societies. Due to the unique social and gender roles created by castrates’ ambiguous sexual state, human castrates were used heavily in strongly hierarchical social structures such as imperial and religious institutions, and were often close to the ruler of an imperial society. This privileged position, though often occupied by slaves, gave castrates enormous power to affect governmental decisions. This often aroused the jealousy and hatred of intact elite males, who were not afforded as open access to the ruler and virulently condemned castrates in historical documents. These attitudes were passed down to the scholars and doctors who began to study castration in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, affecting the manner in which castration was studied. Osteometric and anthropometric examinations of castrates were carried out during this period, but the two World Wars and a shift in focus meant that castrate bodies were not studied for nearly eighty years. Recent interest in gender and sexuality in the past has revived interest in castration as a topic, but few studies of castrate remains have occurred. As large numbers of castrates are referenced in historical documents, the lack of castrate skeletons may be due to a lack of recognition of the physical effects of castration on the skeleton. The synthesis and generation of methods for more accurate identification of castrate skeletons was undertaken and the results are presented here to improve the ability to identify castrate skeletons within the archaeological record.
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Lecervoisier, Bertrand. "Étude stratigraphique, sédimentologique, micromorphologique et paléoclimatique de remplissages de grottes du Pléistocène supérieur ancien de l'Europe méditerranéenne : Sites moustériens du Boquete de Zafarraya (Andalousie), de Madonna dell'Arma (Ligurie) et de Kalamakia (Laconie, Péloponnèse)." Phd thesis, Museum national d'histoire naturelle - MNHN PARIS, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00702639.
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Les trois sites archéologiques moustériens du Boquete de Zafarraya, de Madonna dell'Arma et de Kalamakia sont localisés respectivement en Espagne, en Italie et en Grèce. Cette étude a permis de préciser leur stratigraphie, leur archéostratigraphie et la chronologie des périodes d'occupations. Tous les résultats archéostratigraphiques sont présentés sous forme de matrices de Harris. Cet outil méthodologique se révèle particulièrement utile dans le cadre de recherches préhistoriques afin d'améliorer la lecture des correspondances entre les couches au sein d'un site. Le Boquete de Zafarraya a été occupé par Homo sapiens neanderthalensis durant les stades isotopiques 3 et 4. L'âge de la dernière occupation moustérienne est estimé entre 35 000 à 30 000 ans B.P. au plus tard. L'hypothèse d'une occupation tardive du site par l'homme de Néandertal, autour de 27 000 ans B.P., est invalidée par la présence d'artefacts du Paléolithique supérieur (Proto-aurignacien, Gravettien et Solutréen) dans les couches dont les datations ont servi de base à cette hypothèse. La base de la stratigraphie de la grotte de la Madonna dell'Arma est marqué par une formation marine contemporaine du sous-stade isotopique 5.5 (Tyrrhénien). La grotte a ensuite été occupée par des populations du Paléolithique entre 105 000 et 80 000 ans B.P. Le talus extérieur, encore très partiellement fouillé, contient des occupations du Moustérien d'un âge maximum compris entre 90 000 et 38 000 ans B.P. Les relations stratigraphiques exactes entre les deux parties du gisement ne sont pas encore connues, mais il est possible que celles-ci soient en partie contemporaines. La stratigraphie de Kalamakia a enregistré les épisodes paléoclimatiques des sous-stades isotopiques 5.5, 5.3, 5.2 et 5.1. Les épisodes 5.5 et 5.3 correspondent à deux formations marines du Pléistocène supérieur (Tyrrhénien) puis le site a été occupé par des Néandertaliens jusqu'au stade isotopique 3 entre 85 000 et 40 000 ans B.P. au plus tard. Cette stratigraphie nouvellement définie fait désormais du site de Kalamakia l'un des sites de référence pour le Moustérien hellène.
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Gabrieli, Ruth Smadar. "Silent Witnesses: The Evidence of Domestic Wares of the 13th-19th Centuries in Paphos, Cyprus, for Local Economy and Social Organisation." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/17110.
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The aim of the thesis is to identify long-term patterns in local economy and social processes at the site of Fabrika, using coarse ware, the pottery of food processing and storage, as an interpretative tool. I chose to focus on domestic utility ware, because I believe it is an under- utilised resource in late historical periods for studying local economy and social organisation. I aim to demonstrate that an in-depth analysis of coarse ware will shed light on aspects of life that the more prestigious artefacts in the archaeological record do not reflect well, and on which documents are usually silent. The site at Fabrika has a history that spans the 4th century BC to the 19th century AD. The thesis deals with the last phase of the site – the occupation of the Medieval and post-Medieval periods between the 13th and the 19th century. More specifically, this thesis comprises an analysis of the coarse ware on site: utilitarian vessels used in the daily preparation and storage of food. Study of the Byzantine period and beyond in Cyprus has concentrated mainly in the hands of historians and art historians. Until the last four or five years, only a few large Medieval sites have been the subject of particular study, notably the castles of Saranda Kolones and of Kolossi, and the site of Kouklia. As far as the ceramic of the period is concerned, the studies so far concentrated on the glazed fine wares, and there has never been a systematic attempt to establish a chronological framework to the coarse ware of the period. The second aim of this thesis is therefore to establish a preliminary chronology for this ware, and make it usable as an interpretative tool for future study.
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Clerc, Julie. "Les agglomérations celtiques au IIIe siècle avant notre ère." Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOL013.
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La présente étude propose une synthèse des données relatives aux agglomérations celtiques occupées au cours du IIIe siècle avant notre ère sur l’ensemble de l’espace européen. Une approche globale de ce phénomène des agglomérations a été privilégiée, basée sur la relecture des données. Les problématiques d’identification et de caractérisation de ces habitats forment la trame principale de cette étude. Sur quarante-quatre sites pris en compte initialement pour comprendre les modalités d’émergence et les formes d’occupations, dix agglomérations ont été comparées afin de mettre en évidence leurs fonctions et leurs rôles. La mise en perspective des données permet de renouveler nos connaissances concernant l’organisation territoriale et économique de la société celtique au IIIe siècle avant notre ère, mais également de réévaluer les processus d’urbanisation de l’âge du Fer. Ce phénomène mis en évidence à l’échelle européenne renouvelle considérablement l’image de la société celtique du IIIe siècle avant notre ère et de son mode de fonctionnementThis study provides a synthesis of the data issued from Celtic settlements (“agglomération”) of the third century BC in the whole European area. Centered on bibliographical data, a large approach of the phenomenon of agglomeration was considered. This study focuses on identification and characterization of these settlements. Among forty-four sites initially selected to understand the emergence and the forms of these settlements, ten were cross-checked in order to clarify their functions and roles. This consideration of the data allows us to improve our understanding of economic and territorial organization of the Celtic society during the third century BC, but also increase our knowledge of the urbanization process in the Iron Age. Over the European area this phenomenon considerably renews the vision of Celtic society of the third century BC and its organization
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Dias-Meirinho, Marie-Hélène. "Des Armes et des Hommes. L'archerie à la transition fin du Néolithique/Age du Bronze en Europe occidentale." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00655169.
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Part importante de l'armement préhistorique pour les périodes récentes (quantitativement et qualitativement), l'archerie représente un objet d'étude riche en développements problématiques. A l'aube de l'introduction progressive de la métallurgie dans les usages techniques, il est intéressant de saisir le ou les processus de transferts mis en œuvre. Transition chronologique (Néolithique/Age du bronze), transition matérielle (types de pièces produites et types de matériaux employés) et transition comportementale sont ainsi envisagées pour parvenir à préciser le statut de cet armement dans les sociétés concernées. En nous basant sur la caractérisation de la panoplie de l'archer, sur l'identification des contextes de fabrication, sur la reconnaissance des champs fonctionnels (utilisations et usagers) et sur l'analyse archéo-balistique des vestiges de traumatismes par flèches dans le cadre de violences interhumaines, il en résulte un ensemble exhaustif qui renouvelle sensiblement la perception de cet armement dans le temps et dans les usages.
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Howard, Wendy June. "Commensal or comestible? : the role and exploitation of small, non-ungulate mammals in early European prehistory : towards a methodology for improving identification of human utilisation." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/14026.
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Small mammals, namely those species larger than microfauna like rats and murids but smaller than medium, sheep-size fauna, are generally one of the less studied areas of zooarchaeology. While this may be partly influenced by modern cultural biases, it is more often because finding small, rabbit-sized, mammal remains in archaeological deposits presents a problem in accurately differentiating between those arising from natural, biological and anthropogenic agencies. This thesis tackles this subject using a synthesis of different methods, examining the exploitation and role of small, non-ungulate mammals in early Western European prehistory by combining existing ethnographic knowledge and archaeological research with actualistic experiments and bone assemblage analysis. It first presents a detailed summary of the various taphonomic effects on bone from natural, biological and human action, with particular reference to those of small mammals, using empirical evidence to describe the processes and likely resultant effects. Small mammal utilisation is then contextualised using archaeological and ethnographic evidence to examine past and present practices in Europe and other areas of the world. Different acquisition methods, such as hunting and trapping, are described, and using small mammals for dietary and non-dietary purposes is outlined, along with the rationale for such utilisation given their size. Also considered are other, more abstract ideological and symbolic roles they fulfilled within different cultures, whether physically using parts of the animal, or conceptually. To extend the existing methods available to zooarchaeologists, and improve identifying human exploitation of these species, the ‘chaîne opératoire’ of small game use is examined from an osteological perspective, starting with acquisition, through processing, cooking and consumption to discard, using a series of experiments and microscopic analysis to explore potential bone modification signatures and fracture patterns arising from such activities. Finally, it places these results into broader context by comparing the fracture patterns with bones from British and North American archaeological sites, to demonstrate that similar changes can be seen.
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Hanquet, Constance. "Évolution des paléoenvironnements et des paléoclimats au Pléistocène moyen, en Europe méridionale, d'après l'étude des faunes de micromammifères." Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00698690.
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En s'appuyant sur la révision des assemblages de micromammifères (Soricomorphes, Erinaceomorphes, Chiroptères et Rongeurs) provenant de plusieurs sites du sud de la France (Caune de l'Arago, grotte du Lazaret, Baume Moula-Guercy) et de l'étude originale d'un gisement du sud-ouest de la péninsule ibérique (grotte de Maltravieso), ce travail a pour objectif principal de reconstituer l'évolution des paléoenvironnements et des paléoclimats, en Europe méridionale, au cours du Pléistocène moyen, entre 600 et 130 ka BP. Dans le but de tester la fiabilité des reconstitutions paléoécologiques, des analyses taphonomiques ont été réalisées sur les assemblages osseux de micromammifères, et ont permis de déterminer l'origine des accumulations en mettant en évidence l'intervention de rapaces nocturnes opportunistes et plus spécialisés. Les analyses paléoécologiques, basées sur l'utilisation de différentes méthodes, montrent que l'alternance de cycles glaciaires, caractérisés par un climat froid ou frais et des espaces découverts, et interglaciaires, plus tempérés et montrant la fermeture des milieux, a eu un impact important sur la distribution des espèces de micromammifères en Europe méridionale, en relation avec la géographie et la topographie de chaque site. Des communautés " non-analogues " sont identifiées, mêlant taxons de zones froides et taxons tempérés, et témoignent du rôle de zone refuge tenu par ces régions. Elles montrent également que différentes phases de dispersions ont affectés la paléobiodiversité au cours du Pléistocène moyen, notamment dans les zones d'extension maximale d'espèces lors des phases glaciaires.
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O'Bannon, Colin Andrew. "“Innumerabyll Shotying of Gunnys and Long Chasyng One Another:” Heavy Artillery and Changes in Shipbuilding in Northern Europe in the Early Modern Period." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1323121842.
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Nordqvist, K. (Kerkko). "The Stone Age of north-eastern Europe 5500–1800 calBC:bridging the gap between the East and the West." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2018. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526218731.
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Abstract This work focuses on the Stone Age of north-eastern Europe between 5500 and 1800 calBC. Called the Neolithic in Finland and the Neolithic and Eneolithic in north-western Russia, the period and its research are characterized both by the encounters and separations between ‘the East’ and ‘the West’. Still, despite more than 100 years of archaeological research, few inter-regional studies exist. This dissertation aims to provide an overview of the basic concepts of the terminology and periodization and outline a general (absolute) chronological framework of the area. In addition, a historical research review of the present state of affairs is provided. Four case studies aspire to illustrate the varying (east–west-directed) contact networks that existed in the area during the Neolithic. The second central topic of this work is the Neolithic itself. The research area is located on the border of two major traditions defining the period either based on the appearance of productive livelihoods (west) or pottery technology (east). However, the purely Eurocentric and techno-economical views of the Neolithic have been recently challenged. An evaluation of the used terms and criteria are presented here in the context of north-eastern Europe. The Finnish-Russian border and national prehistories have affected and still affect the study of prehistory in north-eastern Europe. They have prevented studying many prehistoric phenomena to their full extent and have restricted the understanding of inter-regional interaction — during much of the Neolithic, the research area was not the last outpost of the western world but rather the north-western part of a vast Eurasian contact zone. The traditional definitions of the Neolithic have placed north-eastern Europe in an anomalous and peripheral position, but understanding the development as genuinely varying and multipolar would facilitate a more holistic and value-free examination of the periodTiivistelmä Koillis-Euroopan kivikautta aikavälillä 5500–1800 eKr. kutsutaan Suomessa neoliittiseksi, mutta Luoteis-Venäjällä se jaetaan neoliittiseen ja eneoliittiseen kauteen. Ajanjaksoa ja sen tutkimusta luonnehtivatkin ‘idän’ ja ‘lännen’ kohtaamiset ja erot. Huolimatta yli sadan vuoden tutkimushistoriasta on molempien alueiden aineistoja yhdisteleviä esityksiä olemassa vain niukasti. Tämän väitöskirjatyön tavoitteena on tarjota katsaus terminologian ja periodisaation keskeisiin käsitteisiin sekä hahmotella yleistä (absoluuttista) kronologiaa tutkimusalueella. Lisäksi työ esittelee nykytilanteen tutkimushistoriallisen taustan. Työhön kuuluu neljä tapaustutkimusta, joissa käsitellään Koillis-Euroopassa neoliittisella kivikaudella esiintyneitä (itä–länsi-suuntaisia) yhteysverkostoja. Työn toinen keskeinen teema on neoliittisen kivikauden käsite. Tutkimusalue sijaitsee kahden tutkimustradition rajalla, joista läntinen määrittelee aikakauden tuottavien elinkeinojen, itäinen keramiikan käyttöönoton perusteella. Puhtaasti Eurooppa-keskeinen ja teknologis-taloudellinen kuva neoliittisesta kivikaudesta on kuitenkin äskettäin kyseenalaistettu. Työssä esitellään yleistä terminologiaa ja pohditaan määritelmien käyttökelpoisuutta Koillis-Euroopassa. Suomen ja Venäjän välinen raja ja kansallinen esihistoriankirjoitus ovat vaikuttaneet merkittävästi kuvaan menneisyydestä. Ne ovat rajoittaneet ilmiöiden tutkimista niiden koko laajuudessa ja hämärtäneet alueiden välisiä yhteyksiä — suuren osan kivikautta tutkimusalue oli pohjoisella havumetsävyöhykkeellä vallinneiden verkostojen luoteisin osa, ei niinkään lännen viimeinen etuvartioasema. Perinteiset neoliittisen kivikauden määrittelykriteerit ovat asettaneet Koillis-Euroopan poikkeavaan ja perifeeriseen asemaan, mutta kehityksen ymmärtäminen aidosti varioivana ja moninapaisena mahdollistaisi periodin kokonaisvaltaisen ja ennakkoasenteista vapaan käsittelyn myös tällä alueella
Аннотация Работа посвящена каменному веку северо-восточной Европы от 5500 до 1800 лет до н.э. Этот временной промежуток соответствует периоду неолита по финской периодизации, или периодам неолита и энеолита для древностей Северо-Запада России. Для рассматриваемого периода характерны как сходства, так и различия в археологическом материале между западной и восточной частями региона, и, так же, наличие и сходств, и различий между «западной» и «восточной» научными школами в понимании этого периода и в подходах к его исследованию. Несмотря на более чем 100-летнюю историю археологических исследований, лишь в нескольких работах данная проблематика рассматривается на межрегиональном уровне. В диссертации представлен обзор основных существующих понятий и хронологических схем, очерчены общие (абсолютные) хронологические рамки периода неолита рассматриваемой территории. Кроме того, рассмотрена история формирования современного состояния изучаемого вопроса. На примере четырёх конкретных исследований проиллюстрированы варианты систем коммуникаций (между востоком и западом), существовавших на рассматриваемой территории в неолите. Другая основная тема исследования — неолит как таковой. Изучаемая территория является пограничной для двух основных научных традиций определения неолита, использующих в качестве главного критерия либо появление производящего хозяйства («западная школа»), либо распространение технологии изготовления глиняной посуды («восточная школа»). Однако в последнее время наметилась ревизия евроцентричных и исключительно технологических и экономических подходов к пониманию неолита. В работе приведён критический анализ понятий и терминов, используемых в исследованиях по северо-востоку Европы. Финляндско-российская граница и различия между национальными концепциями доистории оказывали и продолжают оказывать влияние на изучение доистории северо-восточной Европы. Они ограничивают исследование многих явлений доисторического прошлого во всей их полноте, в том числе процессы межрегионального взаимодействия. Ведь в действительности на протяжении большей части периода неолита рассматриваемая территория являлась не крайним аванпостом западного мира, а, скорее, северо-западной частью обширной зоны евразийских контактов. При традиционном понимании неолитической эпохи северо-восток Европы оказывается периферийной территорией с отличным от «нормального» ходом культурного развития. Однако понимание развития как действительно вариативного и полицентричного процесса способствует более целостному и непредвзятому изучению рассматриваемого периода. (Translation: D.V. Gerasimov)
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Kolltveit, Gjermund. "Jew's harps in European archaeology /." Oxford : Archaeopress, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40179534z.
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Rowan, Erica. "Roman diet and nutrition in the Vesuvian region : a study of the bioarchaeological remains from the Cardo V sewer at Herculaneum." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:74040438-45d9-446d-a67f-361792dc0608.
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The Roman town of Herculaneum, due to its burial by the eruption of Vesuvius in AD79, provides the rare opportunity to study the diet of middle and lower class Romans living in an urban context in mid-1st century AD Italy. Knowledge concerning Roman diet, prior to the growth of bioarchaeology in the 1960s and 1970s, was derived from the ancient texts and focused primarily on the elite diet. The diets of the poorer classes have often been considered monotonous and unhealthy and consequently, malnutrition is believed to have been widespread in urban centres. Collaboration between the numerous sub-disciplines of bioarchaeology, including archaeobotany and zooarchaeology, has begun to take place amongst scholars working on the Vesuvian sites and diet is currently being studied using a more holistic approach. The ancient sources act as a secondary resource and it is now the physical food remains that play a crucial role in examining Roman diet and associated topics such as trade, health and nutrition. This thesis investigated the bioarchaeological remains from the Cardo V sewer that ran beneath the shop/apartment complex of Insula Orientalis II in Herculaneum. It is the first large scale study to combine both new and existing bioarchaeological material from Herculaneum in an effort to provide the site with its own bioarchaeological data set, particularly with regards to food and diet. In total, 220L of soil was examined for carbonized and mineralized seeds, seashells, eggshells and fish bones. 194 taxa were identified, included including 94 botanical, 45 fish, 53 shellfish and two bird taxa. 114 of the 194 taxa can be considered edible foodstuffs. The statements of the ancient authors concerning dietary diversity have been examined in light of these findings and found to be comparable. The material displayed little taphonomic bias when compared to Pompeian bioarchaeological assemblages. The excellent preservation of the material, combined with data from modern food sciences, has allowed for much needed interpretation to take place in the areas of health and nutrition. The variety of cereals, fruits and seafood indicate close connections with the nearby land and sea and consequently, the economic implications of such extensive resource exploitation have been considered. A nutritional analysis of the finds have shown that diets were nutrient dense and healthy, enabling the people of Herculaneum to achieve modern day stature as well as survive and recover from illness. Thus it can no longer be assumed that those of moderate means ate an unhealthy and monotonous diet, that malnutrition was widespread in urban centres, and finally, that descriptions of foodstuffs in the ancient sources apply only to the wealthy.
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Reinhold, Linn. "Slaget vid Tollense : Professionella krigare i bronsålderns Nordeuropa." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kulturvetenskaper (KV), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-79877.
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Abstract 3200 years ago a massive battle took place at the river Tollense in MecklenburgVorpommern, Germany, possibly involving thousands of people. 130 victims have been found so far. Several show signs of former violence. Axes, wooden clubs, knives and a vast number of arrowheads have been found among the human skeletal remains. According to isotope analyses on tooth enamel from human remains at the site, a considerable amount of the victims did not originate from the local area. The isotope analyses divided the victims into two major groups, one local and the other probably originating from Central Europe. In other words, the battlefield of the Tollense were not fought by local farmers and craftsmen. This, together with the extent of the battle, the weapon finds and traumata on the human remains, has led archaeologists to assume that the battle was fought by professional warriors. If this is true, the battlefield of the Tollense would be the first of its kind in the Northern European Bronze Age. Sammanfattning Uppsatsen diskuterar omfattningen och karaktären av slaget vid floden Tollense som utspelade sig för 3200 år sedan i vad som idag är Nordtyskland. Slagfältet har uppmärksammats för att vara den första konflikten med professionella krigare i bronsålderns Nordeuropa. Tidigare forskning om ämnet saknar en konsekvent definition av begreppet professionell krigare. För att avgöra om det var professionella krigare som stred vid Tollense definierar uppsatsen begreppet utifrån teoretiska perspektiv såsom antropologiska klassifikationer av hövdingadömen, krigare och soldater, men också genom att belysa kontaktnätverken och den långväga handel som växte fram under bronsåldern. Omfattningen och karaktären av slaget vid Tollense beskrivs utifrån hur många människor som deltog på slagfältet samt vilka arkeologiska fynd som talar för huruvida de var professionella krigare och inte lokala bönder och hantverkare som drabbade samman. Uppsatsen är en klassisk litteraturstudie. Utgrävningarna vid Tollense pågår i skrivande stund, vilket innebär att det inte finns någon slutpublikation med färdigställda resultat. För att besvara frågeställningarna om antalet deltagare i konflikten samt huruvida de var professionella krigare eller inte, redogör uppsatsen för analyser av de mänskliga kvarlevorna som återfunnits vid Tollense och vapnen som användes på slagfältet. Avslutningsvis ger uppsatsen en personlig tolkning av vad fyndmaterialet säger om hur många människor som var involverade i konflikten och vad som talar för att de var professionella krigare. Diskussionen lyfter fram hövdingadömen som centraliserade och hierarkiska samhällsstrukturer och hur detta möjliggör organiserad krigföring.
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Grille, Alexandra. "Les grands navires construits à clin en Europe septentrionale et occidentale du milieu du 14ème au milieu du 16ème siècle." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H011.
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Depuis les années 1980, des épaves de grands navires construits à clin de la fin du Moyen-Age ont été découvertes sur les littoraux des mers septentrionales et occidentales. Elles ont régulièrement suscité individuellement un intérêt de la communauté scientifique en regard de leur architecture, puisque la fin du Moyen-Age correspond historiquement à l’apparition puis à la diffusion et à l’adaptation de la construction navale à franc-bord d’origine méditerranéenne en Europe du Nord et de l’Ouest. Pourtant, la comparaison des différentes épaves entre elles pour étudier les développements de la construction navale à clin de cette période est très récente et généralement rattachée à l’analyse des épaves nouvellement trouvées.Cette thèse étudie l’ensemble des navires de plus de 20 m de long susceptibles, par leur architecture, d’avoir évolué en haute mer sur les routes du commerce lointain. En regard du contexte technique et historique, cette étude est limitée géographiquement aux mers nordiques et chronologiquement au Moyen-Age tardif et au début de la période moderne.Le navire résulte à la fois des technique de construction navale et de la demande de ses commanditaires. Durant la période d’étude envisagée dans la thèse, les marchands, qui sont également les affréteurs, constituent les principaux armateurs avec les gens de mer, marins et capitaines, qui régulièrement sont propriétaires en totalité ou en partie des grands bâtiments.De ce fait, le contexte historique, affectant les activités de commerce et de transport, contribue à expliquer les développements de la construction navale. De plus, l’analyse technique des épaves permet de comprendre comment les charpentiers de marine ont pu répondre à la demande de ces propriétaires. Pour cela, la reconstitution des épaves, comme celle de l’Aber Wrac’h 1(France), est essentielle, car les données relatives à la construction, la conception et la forme des navires fournissent des éléments de comparaison scientifique fiables en regard des typologies chronologiques et régionales et permettent de replacer le navire dans son contexte historique et socio-économiqueSince the 1980s, several wrecks of large clinker ships adting from the late Middle Ages were found on the coasts of Northern and Atlantic seas. The scientific community was regularly interested in the architecture of each site as the late Middle Ages historically corresponds to the appearance, dissemination and adaptation of the carvel shipbuilding from the Mediterranean in Northern and Western Europe. Yet the comparison of the different wrecks themselves to study the development of the clinker shipbuilding of this period is recent and usually linked to the analysis of newly found wrecks.This thesis explores all vessels over a length of 20 meters, which were able, according to their architecture, to sail on open seas for long-distance trade. Due to the technical and historical context, this study is limited geographically to the nordic seas and chronologically to the Late Middle Ages and early modern period.The ship results from the shipbuilding technology and the demand of its owners. During the late Middle Ages, the merchant class, which was the principal user, was also the main shipowner with the seafarers, sailors and captains, who regularly owned all or part of large vessels.Therefore, the historical context, affecting trade and transport activities, helps to explain the developments in shipbuilding. Therefore, technical analysis of wrecks allows understanding how the shipwrights and carpenters could meet the demand of those owners. Hence, there construction of the wreck, such as Aber Wrac’h 1 (France), is essential because the data about the building, design and shape of the vessels provide reliable scientific information for comparison in terms of chronological and regional typologies and help to place the ship in its historical, environmental and socio-economic context
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Justus, Hedy Melissa. "The Bioarchaeology of Population Structure, Social Organization, and Feudalism in Medieval Poland." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1515117429918966.
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Leclercq, Walter. "L'âge du Bronze final dans les bassins de l'Escaut et de la Meuse moyenne: culture matérielle et cadre socio-économique." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209729.
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Dès le Bronze final, on assiste en Europe occidentale à la mise en place d’une géographie culturelle qui positionne les bassins de l’Escaut et de la Meuse moyenne à la charnière des grands complexes traditionnels :atlantique, nordique et continental. Par l'étude du mobilier céramique issu de sites en grande partie inédits (provenant à la fois de fouilles récentes et anciennes) de l'aire géographique considérée, l'objectif principal de notre thèse était de déterminer le paysage socio-économique, son évolution au cours du temps et finalement son insertion dans une mouvance européenne. Des questions sur la circulation des biens mais également sur celle des populations sont dès lors soulevées.
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Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Rigaud, Solange. "" La parure : traceur de la géographie culturelle et des dynamiques de peuplement au passage Mésolithique-Néolithique en Europe "." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00668694.
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De nombreux scenarii, incluant une variété de processus culturels et populationnels, ont été proposés pour décrire le phénomène de néolithisation en Europe. Le travail mené consiste à discuter ces processus, à travers une analyse diachronique des objets de parure utilisés par les communautés de chasseurs-cueilleurs et d'agriculteurs européens impliqués dans ces changements. La première partie du travail a consisté en l'analyse de 4 177 objets de parure, combinant des analyses morphométriques, technologiques et tracéologiques. Le matériel provient des séries archéologiques attribuées au Mésolithique final de Braña-Arintero (Espagne), de Hohlenstein-Stadel, Groβe Ofnet (Allemange) et des premières phases du Néolithique ancien de Essenbach-Ammerbreite (Allemagne). Les axes de travail développés à l'échelle régionale au cours de l'analyse du matériel ont ensuite été testés à l'échelle continentale à travers la constitution et l'analyse spatiale et statistique (analyses de voisinage, d'ordination, calculs de densité de Kernel et interpolations Spline) d'une base de données des éléments de parure recensés sur 1 022 unités stratigraphiques appartenant à 408 gisements attribués au Mésolithique et au Néolithique ancien en Europe. Les résultats obtenus ont été croisés et discutés dans une synthèse développée à l'échelle du continent européen. Il apparait que certains types d'ornements ont une fonction forte de marqueur identitaire territorial, alors que d'autres signent des échanges inter-régionaux et une diffusion des pratiques à une large échelle géographique. Il ressort également que les pratiques ornementales néolithiques semblent se construire sur un substrat mésolithique, à l'exclusion du Bassin égéen, où une discontinuité dans les pratiques ornementales mésolithiques et néolithiques semble exister. Cette participation active du substrat mésolithique dans l'évolution des pratiques ornementales a favorisé une régionalisation de celles-ci entre le Mésolithique et le Néolithique ancien. Parallèlement à cette variabilité régionale, un phénomène de " globalisation " des pratiques néolithiques s'observe à travers l'ensemble du territoire européen, par la présence de certains types d'ornements sur l'ensemble du continent, tout le long du Néolithique ancien. Cette globalisation des pratiques ornementales participe à une recomposition partielle de la géographie culturelle proposée pour le Mésolithique dans notre analyse. La variabilité ornementale régionale accrue à la fin du Néolithique ancien témoignerait d'une stabilisation territoriale de groupes, s'affranchissant partiellement des normes stylistiques des premières phases du Néolithique, tout en maintenant une partie de leur identité héritée des chasseurs-cueilleurs, enrichie par l'émergence de nouvelles pratiques. Nos résultats proposent ainsi qu'une mosaïque de processus culturels et populationnels aient été mis en œuvre au cours de la néolithisation européenne.
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Thiébaut, Céline. "Le Moustérien à denticulésVariabilité ou diversité techno-économique." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00009633.
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Le Moustérien à denticulés, considéré comme l'un des faciès classiques du Moustérien, est soumis à un réexamen critique.La mise au point préalable d'une méthodologie propre à l'étude des pièces encochées a permis de différencier les pseudo-outils des véritables pièces encochées et ainsi d'appréhender les caractéristiques techno-économiques de ces dernières.
L'étude de cinq ensembles lithiques (Les Fieux, Saint-Césaire Egpf, Hyène IVb1, Bison G et H) ainsi qu'une première analyse du matériel de Combe-Grenal c. 11 et les pièces retouchées de Mauran et La Borde montrent une certaine constance dans les schémas de productions des séries attribuées au Moustérien à denticulés.
Cette étude, couplée à une revue documentaire synthétisant les données bibliographiques disponibles, permet, par le croisement de différents caractères (typologiques, technologiques et économiques), de subdiviser le Moustérien à denticulés en trois groupes. Chacun de ces groupes présente de nombreuses caractéristiques propres, dont les légères variations quantitatives internes peuvent être le reflet d'une adaptation à des besoins spécifiques liés au type d'occupation.
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Bianchi, Nicoletta. "ART RUPESTRE EN EUROPE OCCIDENTALE : CONTEXTE ARCHEOLOGIQUE ET CHRONOLOGIQUE DES GRAVURES PROTOHISTORIQUES DE LA REGION DU MONT BEGO. De la typologie des armes piquetées à l'étude des gravures schématiques-linéaires." Phd thesis, Université de Perpignan, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00915928.
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Ce travail constitue une approche qualitative visant à mettre en évidence tous les indices archéologiques témoignant d'une présence humaine et d'une activité de gravure dans la région du mont Bego (Tende, Alpes-Maritimes, France) durant la préhistoire récente. L'étude typo-chronologique des gravures d'armes piquetées a fourni un intervalle chronologique débutant vers 3700 avant J.-C. et se poursuivant jusqu'à la fin de l'âge du Bronze. L'existence de matériel antérieur à cet intervalle contraint toutefois à admettre la possibilité que des motifs gravés, différents des armes, ont pu être réalisés aux débuts du Néolithique, imposant ainsi une lecture diachronique de l'ensemble piqueté de la région. La découverte de motifs dits "schématiques-linéaires" superposés par des gravures piquetées dément en outre l'hypothèse selon laquelle seules les gravures piquetées datent de la protohistoire. Une continuité dans l'activité de gravure de la région du mont Bego peut donc être envisagée, avec une coexistence des techniques incisée et piquetée jusqu'à la fin de l'âge du Bronze ancien. Pour les périodes ultérieures il est possible d'imaginer un abandon progressif de la tradition piquetée au profit d'un schématisme linéaire de plus en plus présent. Bien que l'inscription du mont Bego au sein de l'expression symbolique alpine demeure indéniable, cette étude a également permis de révéler l'importance des influences culturelles ibériques sur l'art protohistorique de la région, du macro-schématisme du Levant espagnol à l'art schématique-linéaire perdurant jusqu'à la fin de la protohistoire, en passant par la culture campaniforme au travers de son groupe espagnol Ciempozuelos.