Relevant bibliographies by topics / Archaeology of Asia, Africa and the Americas

Academic literature on the topic 'Archaeology of Asia, Africa and the Americas'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Archaeology of Asia, Africa and the Americas"

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Lebrasseur, Ophélie, Dilyara N. Shaymuratova, Arthur O. Askeyev, Gulshat Sh Asylgaraeva, Laurent Frantz, Greger Larson, Oleg V. Askeyev, and Igor V. Askeyev. "A Zooarchaeological and Molecular Assessment of Ancient Chicken Remains from Russia." Povolzhskaya Arkheologiya (The Volga River Region Archaeology) 1, no. 35 (March 25, 2021): 216–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24852/pa2021.1.35.216.231.

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We here conduct ancient DNA analyses on 58 chicken bones from 15 archaeological sites (from the 9th to the 18th century AD) across the Volga region, the Leningrad region, the Pskov region, and the north of the Krasnoyarsk region to investigate genetic diversity of past chicken populations within this geographical area. We find all samples belong to sub-haplogroup E1, ubiquitous throughout the world and dominant in Europe, Africa and the Americas. This supports an introduction of chickens from the west, rather than a direct introduction from East Asia. Our study also demonstrates good endogenous DNA content, confirming species identification and sex of the individuals, thus highlighting the potential of genetic studies on archaeological remains in that region.
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Power, Robert C., Tom Güldemann, Alison Crowther, and Nicole Boivin. "Asian Crop Dispersal in Africa and Late Holocene Human Adaptation to Tropical Environments." Journal of World Prehistory 32, no. 4 (November 21, 2019): 353–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10963-019-09136-x.

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AbstractOccupation of the humid tropics by Late Holocene food producers depended on the use of vegetative agricultural systems. A small number of vegetative crops from the Americas and Asia have come to dominate tropical agriculture globally in these warm and humid environments, due to their ability to provide reliable food output with low labour inputs, as well as their suitability to these environments. The prehistoric arrival in Africa of Southeast Asian crops, in particular banana, taro and greater yam but also sugar cane and others, is commonly regarded as one of the most important examples of transcontinental exchanges in the tropics. Although chronologies of food-producer expansions in Central Africa are increasingly gaining resolution, we have very little evidence for the agricultural systems used in this region. Researchers have recovered just a handful of examples of archaeobotanical banana, taro and sugar cane remains, and so far none from greater yam. Many of the suggested dispersal routes have not been tested with chronological, ecological and linguistic evidence of food producers. While the impact of Bantu-speaking people has been emphasised, the role of non-Bantu farmers speaking Ubangi and Central Sudanic languages who have expanded from the (north)east has hardly been considered. This article will review the current hypotheses on dispersal routes and suggest that transmissions via Northeast Africa should become a new focus of research on the origins of Asian vegeculture crops in Africa.
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Revello Lami, Martina. "A Conversation with Lynn Meskell." Ex Novo: Journal of Archaeology 6 (February 11, 2022): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.32028/vol6isspp245.

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Lynn Meskell is PIK Professor of Anthropology in the School of Arts and Sciences, Professor in the Graduate Program in Historic Preservation, and curator in the Middle East and Asia sections at the Penn Museum. She is currently A.D. White Professor-at-Large at Cornell University (2019–2025). She holds Honorary Professorships at Oxford University and Liverpool University in the UK and the University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa. Over the past twenty years she has been awarded grants and fellowships including those from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, the National Science Foundation, the Australian Research Council, the American Academy in Rome, the School of American Research, Oxford University and Cambridge University. She is the founding editor of the Journal of Social Archaeology. Meskell has broad theoretical interests including socio-politics, archaeological ethics, global heritage, materiality, as well as feminist and postcolonial theory. Her earlier research examined natural and cultural heritage in South Africa, the archaeology of figurines and burial in Neolithic Turkey and daily life in New Kingdom Egypt.
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Alden, Dauril, and A. J. R. Russell-Wood. "A World on the Move: The Portuguese in Africa, Asia, and America 1415- 1808." American Historical Review 99, no. 2 (April 1994): 538. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2167320.

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Berezkin, Y. E. "MANIFESTATION OF WORLDVIEWS IN TRADITIONAL NARRATIVES: RECONSTRUCTION OF GLOBAL TENDENCIES IN THE SPREAD AND THE CHRONOLOGY OF EMERGENCE OF MYTHOLOGICAL MOTIFS." Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia 46, no. 2 (June 29, 2018): 149–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17746/1563-0110.2018.46.2.149-157.

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Data on the areal distribution of motifs extracted from ca 25,000 traditional narratives were computed with the purpose of revealing a chronology of the emergence of particular mythological themes. The statistical processing of this material allowed selection of sets of motifs that probably correspond to the routes of major prehistoric migrations known thanks to archaeology and population genetics. Our conclusions are largely based on the comparison of similar sets of motifs in the Old and New Worlds, the time of the peopling of America and its particular episodes being more or less known (initial peopling by Pacifi c and then by continental Siberian groups). Thanks to the methods applied, the epochal dynamics of the development of mythology were for the fi rst time reconstructed by using systematized data, and not by proceeding from general assumptions. The earliest complex, which is related to the explanation of the mortal nature of man and the loss of the easy life, corresponds to the southern route by which humans of the modern type moved from Africa to the Indo-Pacifi c borderlands of Asia. These motifs are abundant in sub-Saharan Africa, the southern part of Eurasia, Oceania and America (especially South America), but rare in northern Eurasia and the American Arctic and Subarctic. Motifs relating to the origin of man, human anatomy, and relations between the sexes are most typical of the CircumPacifi c world. This theme probably fi rst developed in Southeast Asia among the people who came from Africa, but before the time when their earliest groups reached America. The geographic distribution of motifs relating to cosmogony and cosmology, and to the etiology of natural phenomena, plants, and animals suggests that many of the corresponding motifs initially appeared in southern Eurasia, were then brought to Siberia, and from there brought to the New World (this movement could be explained by the gradual northward displacement of population after the Late Glacial Maximum). The ideas relating to the interpretation of celestial objects were the last to develop. Corresponding motifs are only abundant in Northern Eurasia, from where many of them were brought to North America but not to South America. Interpretations of celestial objects in European cosmonymy mostly date to the Bronze Age, if not to Iron Age technology, while some are related to the spread of world religions.
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Turchin, Peter, Thomas Currie, Christina Collins, Jill Levine, Oluwole Oyebamiji, Neil R. Edwards, Philip B. Holden, et al. "An integrative approach to estimating productivity in past societies using Seshat: Global History Databank." Holocene 31, no. 6 (February 22, 2021): 1055–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683621994644.

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This article reports the results of a collaborative effort to estimate agricultural productivities in past societies using Seshat: Global History Databank. We focus on 30 Natural Geographic Areas (NGAs) distributed over 10 major world regions (Europe, Africa, Southwest Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, East Asia, Central Eurasia, North America, South America, and Oceania). The conceptual framework that we use to obtain these estimates combines the influences of the production technologies (and how they change with time), climate change, and effects of artificial selection into a Relative Yield Coefficient, indicating how agricultural productivity changed over time in each NGA between the Neolithic and the 20th century. We then use estimates of historical yield in each NGA to translate the Relative Yield Coefficient into an Estimated Yield (tonnes per hectare per year) trajectory. We tested the proposed methodology in two ways. For eight NGAs, in which we had more than one historical yield estimate, we used the earliest estimate to anchor the trajectory and compared the ensuing trajectory to the remaining estimates. We also compared the end points of the estimated NGA trajectories to the earliest (the 1960s decade) FAO data on crop productivities in the modern countries encompassing Seshat NGAs. We discuss the benefits of this methodology over previous efforts to estimate agricultural productivities in world history.
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Nakládalová, Iveta. "Bestia Triumphans: Enrique Stanko Vráz in Beijing in 1901." Annals of the Náprstek Museum 42, no. 1 (2021): 3–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.37520/anpm.2021.001.

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This study focuses on a description of the Boxer Rebellion in Beijing, in the first months of 1901, written by E. S. Vraz during his second journey to China. Enrique Stanko Vraz (1860–1932) was a Czech naturalist and explorer, renowned for his travels to Africa, Latin America, and Asia, which he depicted in a series of books addressed to a broader public. His travelogue on Beijing during the Boxer Rebellion is particularly engaging, since it shows the country in the midst of great turmoil and chaos, just after the uprising had reached its climax. It is also extremely interesting from the ethnographical and anthropological perspective, because Vraz not only comments on the activities of the allied forces in China, but he also describes the Chinese people, their customs, Chinese culture and society, and in doing so develops an interpretation of the kingdom, governed by the dichotomy between ‘civilization’ and modernity, on one hand, and ‘barbarism’ and obscurantism, on the other. Vraz’s narrative therefore seems to be inexorably bound to an ethnocentric paradigm, so characteristic of travel writing at the beginning of the 20th century. I argue, however, that this statement is oversimplifying, and that Vraz’s text is self-aware of these antagonisms and therefore defies any straightforward reading.
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Scarre, Chris. "EDITORIAL." Antiquity 89, no. 344 (April 2015): 267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2015.17.

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In December 2014 the International Monetary Fund announced that a long-anticipated milestone had been passed and that China had overtaken the USA to become the world's largest economy. Given the size of the Chinese population, numbering 1.4 billion people (or almost 20% of all those alive today) that is perhaps not a surprise, and in terms of individual living standards, China has some way to go before its citizens achieve the same average income level as those of western Europe or North America. The growth of the Chinese economy has been echoed in the expansion of its archaeology, and articles on the prehistory and early historic societies of China have featured regularly in recent issues of Antiquity. The current issue is no exception, and in particular includes an article about one of the rather puzzling episodes in the Chinese past: the overseas voyages of the Ming admiral Zheng He (see below pp. 417–32). Between 1403 and 1433, Zheng He led seven imperially sponsored missions, each of them on a massive scale, around the coasts of Southeast Asia and the Indian Ocean, reaching as far afield as Aden and East Africa.
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Marshment, Margaret. "Book reviews : Unheard Words: women and literature in Africa, the Arab world, Asia, the Caribbean and Latin America Edited by MINEKE SCHIPPER (London, Allison & Busby, 1985). 288 pp. £4.95." Race & Class 28, no. 1 (July 1986): 97–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030639688602800111.

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Verma, Ritu. "Land Tenure, Gender and Globalization: Research and Analysis from Africa, Asia and Latin America, edited by D.Tsikata and P.Golah. New Delhi: Zubaan/Ottawa: IDRC/Pontypool: Merlin Press, 2011. Pp. xii+299. $29.95 (pb). ISBN 978-0-85036-703-4." Journal of Agrarian Change 14, no. 2 (March 10, 2014): 312–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/joac.12053.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Archaeology of Asia, Africa and the Americas"

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Reusch, Kathryn. ""That which was missing" : the archaeology of castration." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b8118fe7-67cb-4610-9823-b0242dfe900a.

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Castration has a long temporal and geographical span. Its origins are unclear, but likely lie in the Ancient Near East around the time of the Secondary Products Revolution and the increase in social complexity of proto-urban societies. Due to the unique social and gender roles created by castrates’ ambiguous sexual state, human castrates were used heavily in strongly hierarchical social structures such as imperial and religious institutions, and were often close to the ruler of an imperial society. This privileged position, though often occupied by slaves, gave castrates enormous power to affect governmental decisions. This often aroused the jealousy and hatred of intact elite males, who were not afforded as open access to the ruler and virulently condemned castrates in historical documents. These attitudes were passed down to the scholars and doctors who began to study castration in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, affecting the manner in which castration was studied. Osteometric and anthropometric examinations of castrates were carried out during this period, but the two World Wars and a shift in focus meant that castrate bodies were not studied for nearly eighty years. Recent interest in gender and sexuality in the past has revived interest in castration as a topic, but few studies of castrate remains have occurred. As large numbers of castrates are referenced in historical documents, the lack of castrate skeletons may be due to a lack of recognition of the physical effects of castration on the skeleton. The synthesis and generation of methods for more accurate identification of castrate skeletons was undertaken and the results are presented here to improve the ability to identify castrate skeletons within the archaeological record.
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Books on the topic "Archaeology of Asia, Africa and the Americas"

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Musée du Louvre. Sculptures: Africa, asia, oceania, americas. Paris: Réunion des Musées nationaux, 2001.

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Katherine, Randall, Johnson William, and Scholastic Inc, eds. Early civilizations in Asia, Africa, and the Americas. New York, NY: Scholastic Inc., 1987.

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Ethnic needlepoint: Designs from Asia, Africa and the Americas. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1993.

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Folk art of Asia, Africa, Australia, and the Americas. New York: Rizzoli, 1990.

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Norden, Mary. Ethnic needlepoint: Designs from Asia, Africa, and the Americas. New York: Watson-Guptill Publications, 1993.

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James, Merrell, ed. Living with decorative textiles: Tribal art from Africa,Asia and the Americas. London: Thames and Hudson, 1989.

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What in the world ?: Political travels in Asia, Africa and the Americas. Dublin, Ireland: The Liffey Press, 2013.

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Barnard, Nicholas. Living with decorative textiles: Tribal art from Africa, Asia, and the Americas. New York: Doubleday, 1989.

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Representative bureaucracy in action: Country profiles from the Americas, Europe, Africa and Asia. Cheltenham: Northhampton, Mass., 2013.

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International historical statistics: The Americas, 1750-1993. 4th ed. London: Macmillan Reference, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Archaeology of Asia, Africa and the Americas"

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Crowe, David M. "Colonialism: The Americas, Asia, and Africa." In War Crimes, Genocide, and Justice, 47–78. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137037015_3.

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Hutchinson, Dale L. "Faith, Religion, and Healing in Colonial America." In American Health and Wellness in Archaeology and History, 11–22. University Press of Florida, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813069142.003.0002.

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The joining of populations who lived in the land that would become America, and those who colonized it from Africa, Europe, and Asia, all had distinct traditions of healing and material manifestations of those traditional cures. Hutchinson delves into the traditions of healing for indigenous, African, and European populations in Colonial America, focusing on the role of faith and religion in the healing process as well as the different methods of treatment in each cultural sphere.
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Diaz-Andreu, Margarita. "Colonialism and Monumental Archaeology in South and Southeast Asia." In A World History of Nineteenth-Century Archaeology. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199217175.003.0016.

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In the nineteenth century and the first half of the twentieth century, political and economic power was concentrated in just a few countries. Having eclipsed the most mighty early modern empires—those of Spain and Portugal, the Ottoman Empire, The Netherlands, and the Scandinavian countries— Britain, France, the Russian, and the Austro-Hungarian Empires became the major European powers. Later, these were joined by the newly formed countries of Germany and Italy, together with the United States of America and Japan. In these countries elites drew their might not only from the industrial revolution but also from the economic exploitation of their ever-increasing colonies. Colonialism, a policy by which a state claims sovereignty over territory and people outside its own boundaries, often to facilitate economic domination over their resources, labour, and markets, was not new. In fact, colonialism was an old phenomenon, in existence for several millennia (Gosden 2004). However, in the nineteenth century capitalism changed the character of colonialism in its search for new markets and cheap labour, and the imperial expansion of the European powers prompted the control and subjugation of increasingly large areas of the world. From 1815 to 1914 the overseas territories held by the European powers expanded from 35 per cent to about 85 per cent of the earth’s surface (Said 1978: 41; 1993: 6). To this enlarged region areas of informal imperialism (see Part II of this book) could be added. However, colonialism and informal colonialism were not only about economic exploitation. The appropriation of the ‘Other’ in the colonies went much further, and included the imposition of an ideological and cultural hegemony throughout each of the empires. The zenith of this process of colonization was reached between the 1860s and the First World War, in the context of an increasingly exultant nationalism. In a process referred to as ‘New Imperialism’, European colonies were established in all the other four continents, mainly in areas not inhabited by populations with political forms cognate to the Western powers. In the case of Africa, its partition would be formally decided at an international meeting—the Berlin Conference of 1884–5.
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Fennell, Christopher C. "Craft at a Prodigious Scale." In The Archaeology of Craft and Industry, 131–57. University Press of Florida, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813069043.003.0006.

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American pottery manufacturers of refined earthenwares and porcelain faced a number of challenges in attempting to develop their operations during the late 1700s and early 1800s. The American pottery industry was dispersed geographically and struggled to compete against those greater economies of scale enjoyed by British manufacturers. From 1850 onward, American producers expanded significantly, evolving rapidly from artisan production to increasingly mechanized factories, particularly in locations such as Trenton, New Jersey, and East Liverpool, Ohio. Yet, decades before the start of that trend, the Landrums of Edgefield, South Carolina, initiated ambitious innovations in their potteries in the backcountry. The innovation and development of alkaline-glazed stoneware pottery in America was introduced by these potteries in the nineteenth century. They employed enslaved African American laborers and later free African Americans. Documentary evidence indicates that many enslaved Africans were brought to this area of pottery production throughout the first half of the nineteenth century, providing newly arrived cultural influences from societies targeted by the trans-Atlantic slave trade. Edgefield potteries present fascinating research questions of understanding technological innovations and investigating the impacts of African American, European-American, and Asian manufacturing traditions and knowledge on a rural enterprise and its cultural landscape.
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Ryzewski, Krysta, and Laura McAtackney. "Conclusion: A Future for Urban Contemporary Archaeology." In Contemporary Archaeology and the City. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803607.003.0023.

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Historical, contemporary, and future-oriented urban identities are presently being challenged worldwide at an unprecedented pace and scale by the continuous influx of people into cities and the accompanying effects of deindustrialization, conflict, and social differentiation. Archaeology is unique in its capacity to contribute a materialist perspective that views recent and present-day struggles of cities as part of longer term cycles of urban life that include processes of decay, revitalization, and reclamation. The aim of this volume is to position contemporary archaeology in general, and studies of cities in particular, as central to the discipline of archaeology and as an inspiration for further interdisciplinary, materially engaged urban studies. In doing so the contributing authors collectively challenge prevailing approaches to cities. Whereas scholars have routinely conceptualized contemporary cities within the bounds of particular analytical categories, including cities as gendered, deindustrialized, global, or urban ecological units of study (see Low 1996 for an overview), the cities discussed in this volume do not fit neatly into these individual analytical units, nor do they exist outside the influence of capitalist policies or institutions (Harvey 2012: xvii). They are instead recognized by the authors as operating within increasingly globalized systems, but also, following Jane Jacobs’ concept of open cities (2011), as places that are full of alternative possibilities. Rather than adhering to particular classifications of cities, the volume’s contributions are intentionally broad and attentive to the dynamics of the local and everyday in specific urban places—the politics, people, interventions, and materialities of specific urban places and the ways in which these dynamics operate across conceptual categories, temporal boundaries, and spatial terrain. Contemporary Archaeology and the City consciously employs a critical, materially engaged perspective that considers urban centres as both discrete and networked entities that are interrelated with places beyond geopolitical city limits. While many cities have characters formed from their vibrancy and centrality, their successful functioning often also relies upon the exploitation and even ruination of peripheral and rural hinterlands. The preceding chapters are original contributions inspired by the fieldwork of archaeologists who work in Europe, North America, Africa, Australia, and Western Asia. They incorporate a diversity of perspectives from across contemporary archaeology and beyond in responding to very different national, social, institutional, and cultural contexts.
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Penny, H. Glenn. "Guatemalan Textiles." In In Humboldt's Shadow, 108–48. Princeton University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691211145.003.0005.

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This chapter focuses on the man who created an impressive collection of more than 1,300 Guatemalan textiles: Carlos W. Elmenhorst. A small metal box sits proudly today in the MARKK: Museum am Rothenbaum: World Cultures and Arts (formerly the Hamburgisches Museum für Völkerkunde). The chapter then explores how Adolf Bastian engaged in keen competition with other German and non-German museums. It reveals how the institutions and the ethnologists in them exchanged doubles from their collections, trained and employed one another's assistants, and launched jointly sponsored expeditions to Africa, Asia, South America, the South Seas and other parts of the world that were underrepresented in their collections. Examining the German communities in Guatemala, the chapter offers a fantastic example of the persistent networks that animated German archaeology and ethnology for more than a century. It provides us with an ideal opportunity to go deep into those kinds of networks to see how they took shape and persisted over time. Understanding that process, the chapter then explains why so many objects and collections ended up in German museums, and why they continued to flow into German museums long after the heyday of German colonialism and empire.
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"Africa and the Americas." In Christian-Muslim Relations. A Bibliographical History Volume 11 South and East Asia, Africa and the Americas (1600-1700), 467–621. BRILL, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004335585_008.

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"SORGHUM AGROECOSYSTEM OF ASIA, AFRICA AND AMERICAS." In Agroecosystems, 81–90. Apple Academic Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b16300-12.

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Ireland, Jeannie. "Medieval Design in Africa, Asia, and the Americas." In History of Interior Design, 220–43. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781501319914.ch-010.

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Bigelow, Allison Margaret. "Introduction." In Mining Language, 1–20. University of North Carolina Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469654386.003.0001.

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Mining in colonial Latin America and the early modern Iberian empire has been studied from a variety of disciplinary perspectives, including archaeology and archaeometallurgy; philosophy; art history, visual studies, and material cultural analysis; literary studies; social, labor, legal, and economic histories; and the history of science. This book adopts a language-centered approach that incorporates methods of all of these fields, especially discursive, visual, and historical analysis. The introduction reviews current scholarship in the study of mining and argues for the importance of a new approach to the history of metals – one that centers the knowledges of Indigenous, African, and South Asian miners, refiners, and mineralogists.
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Conference papers on the topic "Archaeology of Asia, Africa and the Americas"

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Mtingwa, Sekazi K. "Lightsources for Africa, the Americas, Asia and Middle East project (LAAAMP): An IUPAP and IUCr ICSU-funded project." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 13TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION – SRI2018. Author(s), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5084564.

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Ignjatijević, Svetlana, and Jelena Vapa Tankosić. "ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN PERSONAL AND BUSINESS TRAVEL SERVICES." In The Sixth International Scientific Conference - TOURISM CHALLENGES AMID COVID-19, Thematic Proceedings. FACULTY OF HOTEL MANAGEMENT AND TOURISM IN VRNJAČKA BANJA UNIVERSITY OF KRAGUJEVAC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52370/tisc21517si.

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The world today is facing one of the worst pandemics in modern history. Around the world, financial markets are in serious difficulties, the consequences of which have begun to spill over into the tourism sector. Covid-19 has caused sharp contractions in economic development, reduced mobility and has contacted tourism flows as the international tourist arrivals in most world sub-regions recorded declines from -60% to -70%. The aim of this paper is to analyze the international travel in the field of personal and business travel in the period of 2010-2019 exported to and imported from the Republic of Serbia. The findings show that the international travel for personal purposes has achieved the greatest value over the years, the second place is taken by travel for business purposes, whereas education-related travel achieved the third place. Exported and imported values of the category Travel, Personal and Travel, Business has the highest value of exports and imports from Serbia to European Union (EU 28), with Germany, Greece, Austria and Italy having the highest flows of exported and imported values. In 2020 Asia and the Pacific, was the region to suffer the hardest impact of Covid-19. On the second place there is Europe, followed by the Americas, Africa and the Middle East.
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Reports on the topic "Archaeology of Asia, Africa and the Americas"

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Wezeman, Pieter D., Aude Fleurant, Alexandra Kuimova, Nan Tian, and Siemon T. Wezeman. Trends in International Arms Transfers, 2017. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, March 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/kflq6518.

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The volume of international transfers of major weapons in 2013–17 was 10 per cent higher than in 2008–12. This is a continuation of the upward trend that began in the early 2000s. The flow of arms to the Middle East and Asia and Oceania increased between 2008–12 and 2013–17, while there was a decrease in the flow to the Americas, Africa and Europe. The SIPRI Arms Transfers Database now includes data on arms transfers in 2017 and updated information for 1950–2016. This Fact Sheet highlights some of the key global and regional trends and issues in arms transfers based on the new data.
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Wezeman, Pieter, Aude Fleurant, Alexandra Kuimova, Diego Lopes da Silva, Nan Tian, and Siemon Wezeman. Trends in International Arms Transfers, 2019. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/yjyw4676.

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The volume of international transfers of major arms in 2015–19 was 5.5 per cent higher than in 2010–14 and 20 per cent higher than in 2005–2009. The five largest exporters in 2015–19 were the United States, Russia, France, Germany and China. The five largest importers were Saudi Arabia, India, Egypt, Australia and China. Between 2010–14 and 2015–19, there were increases in arms transfers to the Middle East and to Europe, while there were decreases in the transfers to Africa, the Americas and Asia and Oceania. From 9 March 2020 the freely accessible SIPRI Arms Transfers Database includes updated data on arms transfers for 1950–2019. Based on the new data, this Fact Sheet presents global trends in arms exports and arms imports and highlights selected issues related to arms transfers.
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Fleurant, Aude, Pieter D. Wezeman, Siemon T. Wezeman, and Nan Tian. Trends in International Arms Transfers, 2016. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, February 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/dkzb4863.

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The volume of international transfers of major weapons in 2012–16 was 8.4 per cent higher than in 2007–11. This was the highest volume for any five-year period since 1990. The flow of arms to Asia and Oceania and the Middle East increased between 2007–11 and 2012–16, while there was a decrease in the flow to Europe, the Americas and Africa. The SIPRI Arms Transfers Database now contains information on all international transfers of major conventional weapons from 1950 to the end of 2016. It is the only publicly available resource providing consistent data on international arms transfers for this length of time. This Fact Sheet describes the trends in international arms transfers that are revealed by the new data. It lists the main suppliers and recipients for the period 2012–16 and describes the changes in regional trends.
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4

Wezeman, Pieter, Alexandra Kuimova, and Siemon Wezeman. Trends in International Arms Transfers, 2020. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/mbxq1526.

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The volume of international transfers of major arms in 2016–20 was 0.5 per cent lower than in 2011–15 and 12 per cent higher than in 2006–10. The five largest arms exporters in 2016–20 were the United States, Russia, France, Germany and China. The five largest arms importers were Saudi Arabia, India, Egypt, Australia and China. Between 2011–15 and 2016–20 there were increases in arms transfers to the Middle East and to Europe, while there were decreases in the transfers to Africa, the Americas, and Asia and Oceania. From 15 March 2021 SIPRI’s open-access Arms Transfers Database includes updated data on transfers of major arms for 1950–2020, which replaces all previous data on arms transfers published by SIPRI. Based on the new data, this Fact Sheet presents global trends in arms exports and arms imports, and highlights selected issues related to transfers of major arms.
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5

Wezeman, Pieter D., Alexandra Kuimova, and Siemon T. Wezeman. Trends in International Arms Transfers, 2021. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/cbzj9986.

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Abstract:
The volume of international transfers of major arms in 2017–21 was 4.6 per cent lower than in 2012–16, but was 3.9 per cent higher than in 2007–11. The five largest arms exporters in 2017–21 were the United States, Russia, France, China and Germany. The five largest arms importers were India, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Australia and China. Between 2012–16 and 2017–21 there were increases in arms transfers to Europe (19 per cent) and to the Middle East (2.8 per cent), while there were decreases in the transfers to the Americas (–36 per cent), Africa (–34 per cent), and Asia and Oceania (–4.7 per cent). From 14 March 2022 SIPRI’s open-access Arms Transfers Database includes updated data on transfers of major arms for 1950–2021, which replaces all previous data on arms transfers published by SIPRI. Based on the new data, this Fact Sheet presents global trends in arms exports and arms imports, and highlights selected issues related to transfers of major arms.
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