Academic literature on the topic 'Archaeology'

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Journal articles on the topic "Archaeology"

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Watkins, Joe. "(How) Can archaeology be useful to American Indian groups?" Archaeological Dialogues 16, no. 2 (November 5, 2009): 149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1380203809990079.

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Dawdy's keynote paper, rather than answering the question whether archaeology is useful, asks whether it should be useful. That is, she asks whether archaeology needs to be useful beyond archaeology for archaeology's sake. It is a valid question, because many people see archaeology as a non-essential option, of peripheral use if any. For others, archaeology's utility lies in its ability to provide the long-term view of human behaviour and humankind's reactions to situations of the past that, hopefully, we might use to help us deal with present and future events.
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Jeppson, Patrice L., Glen Muschio, Hannah Winograd, Matthew Haas, Geoffrey Oxholm, and Ko Nishino. "Public Archaeology Via Skyscraper: Outcome and Experience." AP: Online Journal in Public Archaeology 2 (December 29, 2016): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.23914/ap.v2i0.14.

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A recent archaeology awareness campaign projected Public Service Announcements from the top of a city skyscraper. These 30-second videos featured animated 3D artifact reconstructions alongside an archaeology-themed message. This was not just public archaeology done in an unusual way but public archaeology conducted toward an unusually broad end: the processes involved in creating the PSAs served many masters, not just archaeology’s needs. This paper reports on this reflexive, dialogic, public archaeology case study where communities make use of the past for their own needs in the present.
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Sabloff, Jeremy A., Lewis R. Binford, and Patricia A. McAnany. "Understanding the archaeological record." Antiquity 61, no. 232 (July 1987): 203–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00052005.

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Next year will mark the twentieth birthday of the ‘New Archaeology’, whose founding texts – Binford & Binford's New perspectives in archaeology in the USA and Clarke's Analytical archaeologyin Britain – both appeared in 1968. Nearly two decades on, some fundamentals are not yet resolved, which may indicate – as Lester Embree argued in the last number of ANTIQUITY – that archaeology is a harder science than most.
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Saitta, Dean J. "Radical archaeology and middle-range methodology." Antiquity 66, no. 253 (December 1992): 886–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x0004480x.

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Methodologies for learning about the past are currently at issue within archaeology. This paper considers learning from the standpoint of a ‘radical’ archaeology. One strand of a radical archaeology's approach to learning–a Marxist strand–is discussed, and its main methodological challenge identified. This challenge is the development of middle-range frameworks for recognizing what Binford and others term ‘ambiguity’ – unexpected variation in the archaeological record from which fresh insights about the past can be produced. Concepts and ideas for constructing appropriate middle-ranges for a radical archaeology are discussed.
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González-Ruibal, Alfredo. "Ethics of Archaeology." Annual Review of Anthropology 47, no. 1 (October 21, 2018): 345–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anthro-102317-045825.

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Ethics has abandoned its niche status to become a shared concern across archaeology. The appraisal of the sociopolitical context of archaeological practice since the 1980s has forced the discipline to take issue with the expanding array of ethical questions raised by work with living people. Thus, the original foci on the archaeological record, conservation, and scientific standards, which are behind most deontological codes, have been largely transcended and even challenged. In this line, this review emphasizes philosophical and political aspects over practical ones and examines some pressing ethical concerns that are related to archaeology's greater involvement with contemporary communities, political controversies, and social demands; discussion includes ethical responses to the indigenous critique, the benefits and risks of applied archaeology, the responsibilities of archaeologists in conflict and postconflict situations, vernacular digging and collecting practices, development-led archaeology, heritage, and the ethics of things.
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Holtorf, Cornelius. "Can you hear me at the back? Archaeology, communication and society." European Journal of Archaeology 10, no. 2-3 (2007): 149–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461957108095982.

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Archaeologists often enjoy the role of giving the people what the people want, at least, so long as that is information about the past. But besides the ambition to enlighten people about the past, there are at least two alternative approaches concerning the way archaeology communicates with its publics in society. One considers archaeology a business and sees people as potential customers who need to be persuaded to buy the products of archaeology. Another approach advocates democratic participation of people in archaeology and wishes to accommodate people's own preferences regarding archaeological studies. The point of this article is not to choose between these different models of communication but to ensure that future debates about the relations between archaeology and society will be informed by a better understanding of some fundamentally different approaches concerning the aims and character of archaeology's communication with various public audiences. Hopefully this discussion will also benefit very specific, future projects in public archaeology and thus ultimately serve both the archaeologists and their publics.
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Souvatzi, Stella. "Kinship and Social Archaeology." Cross-Cultural Research 51, no. 2 (February 8, 2017): 172–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1069397117691028.

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Kinship is a most significant organizing principle of human grouping, the basic matter of social categories in archaeological and ethnographic societies, and an important concept universally. However, its significance has rarely been adequately incorporated within archaeology’s theoretical and interpretative practice. This article aims to not only show the potential of bringing kinship into social archaeology, but also argue that archaeology can make important contributions to wider social research. Grounded on prehistoric data, spanning from the 8th to the 4th millennium bc, and drawing on cross-cultural discussions, it explores how understandings and practices of kinship might have been constructed and enacted in the first farming communities through architecture, time, material products, burials, and rituals. In doing so, the article addresses key issues of common interest in archaeology and anthropology, inviting interdisciplinary dialogue.
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Brusius, Mirjam. "Hitting two birds with one stone: An afterword on archeology and the history of science." History of Science 55, no. 3 (September 2017): 383–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0073275317727975.

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This afterword comments on the articles gathered together in this special section of History of Science (“Disassembling Archaeology, Reassembling the Modern World”). Criticizing the consistent lack of institutional infrastructure for histories of archaeology in the history of science, the piece argues that scholars should recognize the commonality of archaeology’s practices with those of the nineteenth and twentieth century field sciences that have received more historical attention. The piece also suggests avenues to help take this approach further, such as combining expertise from historians of the biological sciences and of antiquarianism and archaeology to look at the history of the understanding of human variation and race. Finally, the afterword suggests that scholars should reconsider the idea of archaeology’s reliance on institutionalised practices, thinking about the use and re-use of material culture in more diverse and pragmatic social contexts.
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Lightfoot, Kent G. "Culture Contact Studies: Redefining the Relationship between Prehistoric and Historical Archaeology." American Antiquity 60, no. 2 (April 1995): 199–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/282137.

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Archaeology is poised to play a pivotal role in the reconfiguration of historical anthropology. Archaeology provides not only a temporal baseline that spans both prehistory and history, but the means to study the material remains of ethnic laborers in pluralistic colonial communities who are poorly represented in written accounts. Taken together, archaeology is ideally suited for examining the multicultural roots of modern América. But before archaeology’s full potential to contribute to culture contact studies can be realized, we must address several systemic problems resulting from the separation of “prehistoric” and “historical” archaeology into distinct subfields. In this paper, I examine the implications of increasing temporal/regional specialization in archaeology on (1) the use of historical documents in archaeological research, (2) the study of long-term culture change, and (3) the implementation of pan-regional comparative analyses.
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Mukhopadhyay, Carol. "Archaeology and Precollege Education." Practicing Anthropology 8, no. 3-4 (July 1, 1986): 26–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.8.3-4.k286658867x40603.

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While archaeology never has been a regular part of the precollege curriculum, there have long been a few teachers, educators, and professional archaeologists who have believed in archaeology's educational potential for precollege students. Most often such teachers and educators have had a strong personal interest in the subject, and their enthusiasm provided the initial impetus for developing varied ways to incorporate archaeology into classroom teaching and school programs. Some educators have been further motivated to share their enthusiasm for archaeology, and for archaeology in precollege education, with other teachers and educators through the educational literature. Professional archaeologists, perhaps preoccupied with research and with the instruction of advanced students, have made a much smaller contribution to this literature; nevertheless, several have been heavily involved in programs for precollege students and teachers, and others have acted as consultants to classroom teachers on a less regular basis. Examples of the types of articles discussed here are listed in an annotated bibliography in Holm and Higgins (1985). See "For Further Reading". for complete bibliographic references to literature cited in this review.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Archaeology"

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Jones, Timothy William. "Archaeology as archaeology." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187222.

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The objective of this dissertation is to investigate the difference between behavior as it is reported and actual behavior as determined through material behavioral remains (garbage). The goal was to then use this knowledge to provide insight into what archaeologists were viewing in their data in relation to meaning, perception and behavior. Four studies were conducted. The first study looked at caries prevalence in relation to numerous variables (fluoride, milk consumption, sugar consumption, brushing rates, antibiotic use, school fluoride programs, and school lunch programs) most of which were measured through materials means in order to determine if different conclusions would be reached in comparison to traditional findings based on reported behavior. The second and third studies looked at reported versus actual use in relation to a number of sociometric and lifestyle/attitude variables. The fourth study compared different kinds of reported behavior to actual behavior in conjunction with aspects of the meaning system (values and attitudes). The findings of these studies generally indicate that (1) everyday mundane behavior is guided by a realm that is not accessible and (2) behaviors that are cognized are guided by a realm that is accessible and is the reality we perceive. The implications for archaeology include (1) meaning is not well reflected in everyday mundane behavior (the bulk of behavior archaeologists study) and (2) behaviors where meaning guides actual behavior are those behaviors that culture stresses as important to cognize.
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Boddington, Monique Ingrid. "Truth and archaeology : justification in archaeology." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/287999.

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Many causes have been proposed for the transition to agriculture but how can archaeologists debate rival interpretations of the record with a seat-of-your-pants theoretical methodology? Truth is a concept that has been the subject of considerable thought and analysis by philosophers for millennia and is a conceptual resource that archaeologists can draw on. The aim of this thesis is twofold. Firstly, the aim is to study the epistemological criteria used in the formulation and assessment of archaeological knowledge: bringing new understanding of knowledge formation in archaeology and how to deal with competing interpretations of the past (specifically with political and ethical ramifications). The second aim is to assess these epistemological criteria and position them in light of the literature on philosophical theories of truth. The focus of this thesis is on the justification project which attempts to identify a characteristic which is possessed by most true propositions and not possessed by most false propositions. In other words, what it is that makes certain statements about the past 'true' or 'not true'. The aim is to understand how archaeological claims about the past come to be made and against what grounds these claims are justified. Three angles are used to answer the aims of this thesis. Firstly, looking at archaeological interpretation in the field, the case study of Çatalhöyük in Turkey is used to track interpretation from excavation through to publication. Secondly, looking at justification in larger syntheses of the past, different explanations for the emergence of agriculture in Britain are explored to understand how justification works at this level of archaeological interpretation, especially when dealing with multiple explanations. Finally, the ethical and political consequences of archaeological justification are discussed. Given the acceptance that there are different interpretations of the past beyond solely the archaeologists, how does justification work in archaeology when we include other interpretations of the past and when concerns shift away from reaching the most justified account of the past, to the practical ramifications of that knowledge? This thesis original and novel contribution is in answering these aims. In the next chapters it will be argued that archaeological justification works within a specific model of justification based on correspondence and coherence. Justification shifts as interpretation moves away from the archaeological record; there is a heavier reliance on abductive reasoning. Multiple interpretations are a product of abductive reasoning and due to the adoption of different theoretical stances. Archaeology fits within a pragmatist theory of truth showing that ethical and political issues are part of the process of justification.
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Gauthier, Erin. "Architecture/Archaeology." This title; PDF viewer required Home page for entire collection, 2008. http://archives.udmercy.edu:8080/dspace/handle/10429/9.

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Thesis (M.Arch.)--University of Detroit Mercy, 2008.
"28 April, 2008". P. 17-185 contain a reprint of three appendices from: Tales of Five Points : working-class life in nineteenth-century New York / edited by Rebecca Yamin. Includes bibliographical references (p. 218).
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Starr, Talcott Copeland. "Rescue Archaeology." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1217341314.

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Brughmans, Tom. "Evaluating network science in archaeology : a Roman archaeology perspective." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2014. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/371700/.

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Nackerdien, Rushdi. "Archaeology and education in South Africa : towards a People's Archaeology." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21815.

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Bibliography: pages 167-177.
Accompanied by: Faizal's journey : discovering the past through objects.
The topic of this dissertation developed out of the 1980s era of resistance to Apartheid. At that time, mass-campaigns produced the concept of People's Education, which challenged established State-structures. People's Education was based on participatory democracy and drew on communities' knowledge rather than state-sanctioned knowledge. The concept of People's Archaeology is a product of that time-period. It focuses on involving communities in the practice of archaeology, beyond the stage of consultation. Within the forthcoming election process, Black communities are to be empowered politically and this empowerment has, in other countries seen an accompanying growth in concerns about identity, cultural property and ownership. I argue that identity politics will be crucial in the future South African society and that archaeology will play an important role in this debate. The discipline faces transformation in the coming decade and education will be critical in this change. In this dissertation I contend that past attempts at popular education in archaeology have had very limited success. Archaeology still remains a discipline unknown to the majority of South Africans. This dissertation explores the reasons for the limited success of these attempts by critically examining the structure of the discipline in South Africa, and the perception that it creates to the public. It also goes further by exploring an alternative to these efforts at popular education through the use of principles and methods developed in People's Education. This project takes the debate about People's Archaeology beyond theory and attempts to implement some of the ideas through two projects, one dealing with an excavation, the other focusing on the production of a popular resource. I explore the pitfalls and benefits of these projects and make recommendations concerning the future of the discipline.
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Miller, Jeffrey Allen. "Archaeology and place." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.602681.

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While landscape has long been an active field of study within archaeology, little attention has been given to place. However, as conceptions of landscapes become increasingly nuanced and complex, it becomes increasingly appropriate to shift the focus of analysis to place in order to better engage with the experiential, sensory, and emotive aspects of lived spaces and worlds. Furthermore, place encourages a broader perspective and holistic approach in which the past and present are intertwined and therefore equally significant to interpretations. This thesis investigates the relationship between archaeology and senses of place in order to examine the ways in which the remains of the past are relevant to the present. Two Irish islands - Valentia Island and Achill Island - are explored through engagement with their archaeological landscapes, historical research, and ethnography. The study shows that conceptions of the islands as places are characterised by perceptions and relationships with their pasts. Furthermore, both places are largely identified by their more recent histories, particularly the 19th century, demonstrating the importance of historical and contemporary archaeology. In short, this study shows that archaeology and senses of place are linked, and that each influences the other. Thus it is suggested that in order to fully understand the archaeology of a particular place some engagement with such aspects of place are necessary. Furthermore, in order to best serve the communities and societies which inhabit these spaces and landscapes, archaeology should take into account contemporary perspectives and experiences, and this means engaging with place as a conceptual framework
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Firth, Antony Julian. "Marine archaeology underwater." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243139.

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Buck, Caitlin E. "Towards Bayesian archaeology." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385208.

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Sweeden, R. Renee. "Personal Archaeology: Poems." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1992. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500646/.

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A collection of poems focused primarily on rural America and the South, the creative writing thesis also includes material concerned with the history of Mexico, particularly Mexico at the time of the Spanish Conquest. The introduction combines a personal essay with critical material discussing and defining the idea of the Southern writer.
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Books on the topic "Archaeology"

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Clwyd (Wales). Department of Architecture, Planning and Estates., ed. Archaeology in Clwyd =: Archaeoleg yng Nghlwyd. [Mold]: Clwyd County Council Department of Architecture, Planning and Estates, 1988.

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Clwyd (Wales). Department of Architecture, Planning and Estates., ed. Archaeology in Clwyd =: Archaeoleg yng Nghlwyd. [Mold]: Clwyd County Council Department of Architecture, Planning and Estates, 1987.

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L, Christenson Andrew, and Southern Illinois University at Carbondale. Center for Archaeological Investigations., eds. Tracing archaeology's past: The historiography of archaeology. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1989.

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Kelly, Robert L. Archaeology. 5th ed. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 2010.

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Greene, Kevin. Archaeology. London: Taylor & Francis Inc, 2004.

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Thomas, David Hurst. Archaeology. 4th ed. Belmont, CA: Thomson/Wadsworth, 2006.

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Hurst, Thomas David, ed. Archaeology. 6th ed. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/Cengage Learning, 2013.

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L, Kelly Robert, and Dawson Peter C. 1965-, eds. Archaeology. Toronto: Nelson Education, 2008.

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Thomas, David Hurst. Archaeology. 2nd ed. Fort Worth: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1989.

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Cooke, Jean Isobel Esther. Archaeology. New York: Bookwright Press, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Archaeology"

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Haber, Alejandro. "Archaeology After Archaeology." In After Ethics, 127–37. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1689-4_8.

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Díaz-Andreu, Margarita. "Women’s Pathways in the History of Spanish Archaeology: A New Synthesis." In Women in Archaeology, 221–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27650-7_11.

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AbstractIt is difficult to find women in the histories of archaeology, and those dealing with Spain are no exception. In the last few years, the ArqueólogAs project has dedicated its efforts to finding the women who once populated Spanish archaeology and are now forgotten. A recent survey seeking them out revealed that more than 250 female archaeologists born before 1950 are waiting to be remembered. However, their position in the discipline’s history cannot be reclaimed without critically analyzing the obstacles they encountered, ultimately leaving them out of archaeology’s general histories. Their absence should lead us to reflect on how disciplinary chronicles are written. Thus, this chapter reconstructs the multiple histories and biographies of women in Spanish archaeology.
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Johnson, Lucille Lewis. "Archaeology." In Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series, 55–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93806-6_11.

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Li, Chi. "Archaeology." In China Academic Library, 53–60. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9666-7_4.

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Johnson, Lucille Lewis. "Archaeology." In Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series, 1–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48657-4_11-2.

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Crow, James. "Archaeology." In A Companion to Byzantium, 289–300. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444320015.ch22.

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Ponce, Juan Federico, and Marilén Fernández. "Archaeology." In Climatic and Environmental History of Isla de los Estados, Argentina, 117–28. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4363-2_10.

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Gordon, Benjamin D. "Archaeology." In Routledge Handbook of Jewish Ritual and Practice, 59–70. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003032823-7.

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Mark, Hassall. "Archaeology." In Handbook for History Teachers, 999–1001. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032163840-172.

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Bryant, Margaret. "Archaeology." In Handbook for History Teachers, 431–34. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032163840-53.

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Conference papers on the topic "Archaeology"

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"Archaeology." In 15th International Conference on Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR) 2014. IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icgpr.2014.6970373.

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Kirchner, Steffen, and Peter Jablonka. "Virtual archaeology." In the 2001 conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/584993.585030.

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Marti, Patrizia, Iolanda Iacono, and Michele Tittarelli. "Gaming Archaeology." In DSAI 2016: 7th International Conference on Software Development and Technologies for Enhancing Accessibility and Fighting Info-exclusion. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3019943.3019975.

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Curtis, Cassidy, and Eric Rodenbeck. "Graffiti archaeology." In ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Web graphics. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1186194.1186196.

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Abajian, Vicken, Serge-Andre Mahe, Oriane Matte-Tailliez, and Franck Ghitalla. "E-Archaeology+: An integrated expert system dedicated to Archaeology." In Communication Technologies: from Theory to Applications (ICTTA). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ictta.2008.4529903.

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Faulk, Kimberly L. "Offshore Collaborative Archaeology." In Offshore Technology Conference. Offshore Technology Conference, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/25251-ms.

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Sidorov, Vladimir. "PHILOSOPHY OF ARCHAEOLOGY." In Evolution of Neolithic cultures of Eastern Europe. Samara State University of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31600/978-5-91867-189-4-2019-74-79.

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"Archaeology: Short Abstracts." In Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems 2019. Society of Exploration Geophysicists and Environment and Engineering Geophysical Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4133/sageep.32-001.

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Kennedy, Lyndon, and Shih-Fu Chang. "Internet image archaeology." In Proceeding of the 16th ACM international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1459359.1459406.

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Khoumeri, El-Hadi, and Jean-Francois Santucci. "GIS in Archaeology." In 2006 First International Symposium on Environment Identities and Mediterranean Area. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iseima.2006.344983.

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Reports on the topic "Archaeology"

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Gert van Wijngaarden, Gert van Wijngaarden. Troy: Archaeology of Archaeology. Experiment, January 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18258/10699.

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Catto, Lisa. Developing an Archaeologically Literate Citizenry through Public Archaeology: Assessing Archaeology Websites. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.7517.

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Barth, Theodor, Bjørn Blikstad, Tale Næss, and Petrine Vinje. Archaeology - Collapse, bodywork, resurrection. Universitetet i Bergen KMD, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22501/kmd-ar.1190576.

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Daehnke, Jon. Public outreach and the "hows" of archaeology : archaeology as a model for education. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.5491.

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Laura Leddy, Laura Leddy. Drawing Archaeology in Byzantine Athens. Experiment, May 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18258/2591.

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Horejs, Barbara, and Ulrike Schuh, eds. PREHISTORY & WEST ASIAN/NORTHEAST AFRICAN ARCHAEOLOGY 2021–2023. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/oeai.pwana2021-2023.

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The long-established research of Prehistory and West Asian/Northeast African archaeology (the former Institute for Oriental and European Archaeology, OREA) at the Austrian Academy of Sciences was transformed into a department of the »new« Austrian Archaeological Institute (OeAI) at the Austrian Academy of Sciences in 2021. This merging of several institutes into the new OeAI offers a wide range of new opportunities for basic and interdisciplinary research, which support the traditional research focus as well as the development of new projects in world archaeology. The research areas of the Department of Prehistory and West Asian/Northeast African Archaeology include Quaternary archaeology, Prehistory, Near Eastern archaeology and Egyptology. The groups cover an essential cultural area of prehistoric and early historical developments in Europe, Northeast Africa and West Asia. Prehistory is embedded in the world archaeology concept without geographical borders, including projects beyond this core zone, as well as a scientific and interdisciplinary approach. The focus lies in the time horizon from the Pleistocene about 2.6 million years ago to the transformation of societies into historical epochs in the 1st millennium BC. The chronological expertise of the groups covers the periods Palaeolithic, Neolithic, Chalcolithic, Bronze Age and Early Iron Age. The archaeology of West Asia and Northeast Africa is linked to the Mediterranean and Europe, which enables large-scale and chronologically broad basic research on human history. The department consists of the following seven groups: »Quaternary Archaeology«, »Prehistoric Phenomena«, »Prehistoric Identities«, »Archaeology in Egypt and Sudan«, »Archaeology of the Levant«, »Mediterranean Economies« and »Urnfield Culture Networks«. The groups conduct fieldwork and material analyses in Austria, Hungary, Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Italy, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, North Macedonia, Bulgaria, Romania, Moldova, Greece, Cyprus, Türkiye, Iran, the United Arab Emirates, Lebanon, Israel, Egypt, Sudan and South Africa.
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7

Brett A. Houk, Brett A. Houk. Colonial Period Archaeology in Northwestern Belize. Experiment, February 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18258/4563.

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8

Dalglish, Chris, and Sarah Tarlow, eds. Modern Scotland: Archaeology, the Modern past and the Modern present. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.163.

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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings:  HUMANITY The Panel recommends recognition that research in this field should be geared towards the development of critical understandings of self and society in the modern world. Archaeological research into the modern past should be ambitious in seeking to contribute to understanding of the major social, economic and environmental developments through which the modern world came into being. Modern-world archaeology can add significantly to knowledge of Scotland’s historical relationships with the rest of the British Isles, Europe and the wider world. Archaeology offers a new perspective on what it has meant to be a modern person and a member of modern society, inhabiting a modern world.  MATERIALITY The Panel recommends approaches to research which focus on the materiality of the recent past (i.e. the character of relationships between people and their material world). Archaeology’s contribution to understandings of the modern world lies in its ability to situate, humanise and contextualise broader historical developments. Archaeological research can provide new insights into the modern past by investigating historical trends not as abstract phenomena but as changes to real lives, affecting different localities in different ways. Archaeology can take a long-term perspective on major modern developments, researching their ‘prehistory’ (which often extends back into the Middle Ages) and their material legacy in the present. Archaeology can humanise and contextualise long-term processes and global connections by working outwards from individual life stories, developing biographies of individual artefacts and buildings and evidencing the reciprocity of people, things, places and landscapes. The modern person and modern social relationships were formed in and through material environments and, to understand modern humanity, it is crucial that we understand humanity’s material relationships in the modern world.  PERSPECTIVE The Panel recommends the development, realisation and promotion of work which takes a critical perspective on the present from a deeper understanding of the recent past. Research into the modern past provides a critical perspective on the present, uncovering the origins of our current ways of life and of relating to each other and to the world around us. It is important that this relevance is acknowledged, understood, developed and mobilised to connect past, present and future. The material approach of archaeology can enhance understanding, challenge assumptions and develop new and alternative histories. Modern Scotland: Archaeology, the Modern past and the Modern present vi Archaeology can evidence varied experience of social, environmental and economic change in the past. It can consider questions of local distinctiveness and global homogeneity in complex and nuanced ways. It can reveal the hidden histories of those whose ways of life diverged from the historical mainstream. Archaeology can challenge simplistic, essentialist understandings of the recent Scottish past, providing insights into the historical character and interaction of Scottish, British and other identities and ideologies.  COLLABORATION The Panel recommends the development of integrated and collaborative research practices. Perhaps above all other periods of the past, the modern past is a field of enquiry where there is great potential benefit in collaboration between different specialist sectors within archaeology, between different disciplines, between Scottish-based researchers and researchers elsewhere in the world and between professionals and the public. The Panel advocates the development of new ways of working involving integrated and collaborative investigation of the modern past. Extending beyond previous modes of inter-disciplinary practice, these new approaches should involve active engagement between different interests developing collaborative responses to common questions and problems.  REFLECTION The Panel recommends that a reflexive approach is taken to the archaeology of the modern past, requiring research into the nature of academic, professional and public engagements with the modern past and the development of new reflexive modes of practice. Archaeology investigates the past but it does so from its position in the present. Research should develop a greater understanding of modern-period archaeology as a scholarly pursuit and social practice in the present. Research should provide insights into the ways in which the modern past is presented and represented in particular contexts. Work is required to better evidence popular understandings of and engagements with the modern past and to understand the politics of the recent past, particularly its material aspect. Research should seek to advance knowledge and understanding of the moral and ethical viewpoints held by professionals and members of the public in relation to the archaeology of the recent past. There is a need to critically review public engagement practices in modern-world archaeology and develop new modes of public-professional collaboration and to generate practices through which archaeology can make positive interventions in the world. And there is a need to embed processes of ethical reflection and beneficial action into archaeological practice relating to the modern past.
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9

Milek, Karen, and Richard Jones, eds. Science in Scottish Archaeology: ScARF Panel Report. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.06.2012.193.

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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under four key headings:  High quality, high impact research: the importance of archaeological science is reflected in work that explores issues connected to important contemporary topics, including: the demography of, the nature of movement of, and contact between peoples; societal resilience; living on the Atlantic edge of Europe; and coping with environmental and climatic change. A series of large-scale and integrated archaeological science projects are required to stimulate research into these important topics. To engage fully with Science in Scottish Archaeology iv these questions data of sufficient richness is required that is accessible, both within Scotland and internationally. The RCAHMS’ database Canmore provides a model for digital dissemination that should be built on.  Integration: Archaeological science should be involved early in the process of archaeological investigation and as a matter of routine. Resultant data needs to be securely stored, made accessible and the research results widely disseminated. Sources of advice and its communication must be developed and promoted to support work in the commercial, academic, research, governmental and 3rd sectors.  Knowledge exchange and transfer: knowledge, data and skills need to be routinely transferred and embedded across the archaeological sector. This will enable the archaeological science community to better work together, establishing routes of communication and improving infrastructure. Improvements should be made to communication between different groups including peers, press and the wider public. Mechanisms exist to enable the wider community to engage with, and to feed into, the development of the archaeological and scientific database and to engage with current debates. Projects involving the wider community in data generation should be encouraged and opportunities for public engagement should be pursued through, for example, National Science Week and Scottish Archaeology Month.  Networks and forums: A network of specialists should be promoted to aid collaboration, provide access to the best advice, and raise awareness of current work. This would be complemented by creating a series inter-disciplinary working groups, to discuss and articulate archaeological science issues. An online service to match people (i.e. specialist or student) to material (whether e.g. environmental sample, artefactual assemblage, or skeletal assemblage) is also recommended. An annual meeting should also be held at which researchers would be able to promote current and future work, and draw attention to materials available for analysis, and to specialists/students looking to work on particular assemblages or projects. Such meetings could be rolled into a suitable public outreach event.
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Ji, Alexander P., Rachel Beaton, Sukanya Chakrabarti, Gina Duggan, Anna Frebel, Marla Geha, Matthew Hosek, et al. Astro2020 Science White Paper: Local Dwarf Galaxy Archaeology. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1527399.

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