Academic literature on the topic 'Archaeological Museum (Chios, Greece)'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Archaeological Museum (Chios, Greece).'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Archaeological Museum (Chios, Greece)"
1
Monakhov, Sergey, Elena Kuznetsova, and Nataliya Churekova. "Amphorae Collection of the Krasnodar State Historical and Archaeological Museum-Preserve named after E.D. Felitsyn." Nizhnevolzhskiy Arheologicheskiy Vestnik, no. 2 (December 2022): 142–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2022.2.9.
Full textAbstract:
The Krasnodar Museum presents one of the largest amphora collections in the world. Materials from the Maeotian necropolises of the Region near the farms of Prikubanskiy, Lenin, the village of Starokorsunskaya, etc. are stored here. Almost half of the collection consists of vessels from the excavations of the Prikubansky necropolis – 324 amphorae and 101 complexes. Based on the analysis of imports (amphorae and black-glazed pottery) from the burials of this necropolis, we can talk about almost a twofold reduction in the supply of products to the settlement after the middle of the 4th century BC, with a tendency to further decline by the beginning of the 3rd century BC. The materials of the the Prikubanskiynecropolis are characterized by the absence of amphorae of Chios and Peparethos. The containers of these large production centers are represented by a minimum number in the second part of the Krasnodar collection, which includes 349 vessels originating from excavations at least 30 other archaeological sites of the Kuban Region. The existing individual Chios amphorae originate mainly from excavations on the Taman Peninsula. The article discusses several fragmented Chios amphorae with englyphic stamps “A”. At the same time, the Krasnodar collection contains a large number of amphorae of Hellenistic time (in particular Rhodes and the so-called “Prikubanskiy” series), which in other museums are represented by single copies. At the same time, stamped Rhodian vessels from Kuban Region give new, previously unknown combinations of names of eponyms and fabricants.
2
LIRITZIS, Ioannis, Nikos ZACHARIAS, Ioulia PAPAGEORGIOU, Anthoula TSAROUCHA, and Eleni PALAMARA. "Characterisation and analyses of museum objects using pXRF: An application from the Delphi Museum, Greece." STUDIA ANTIQUA ET ARCHAEOLOGICA 24, no. 1 (2018): 31–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.47743/saa-2018-24-1-2.
Full textAbstract:
Twenty-six objects from the Delphi archaeological Museum, including nearby museum premises, have been analysed by portable XRF. The aim was their characterization, provenance and archaeological interpretations. Twenty-one miniature Corinthian ceramic vases, a bronze and a ceramic pyxis bearing powder, four pigments on ceramics and six elegant glass vases, were non-destructively measured in situ. The ceramic analysis seems to form one cluster with similar chemical traits. The clay is calcareous with relatively high iron and titanium contents. Slip painted surface was due to increased MgO and Fe2O3. Four elegant glass vases were statistically compared to about 270 published data of similar period for provenance study and investigating the mineral agents for colouring glass. In fact the clustering analysis forms one of the major analytical groups containing the Delphi samples and also samples from Rhodes and Satricum. Of the major findings is the highly toxic mercury as cinnabar (HgS), a red pigment very commonly used since antiquity, mixed with PbO white lead in face powders. Particular elemental variations in all groups are discussed. Multiple statistical analysis was used, such as, various hierarchical cluster versions, PCA, bi-plots. The case study provides a practical aid to archaeological interpretation and emphasizes the valuable use of portable XRF in museum studies on material culture ranging from various types and periods.
3
Morgan, Catherine. "2013–2014 — a view from Greece." Archaeological Reports 60 (November 2014): 4–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0570608414000027.
Full textAbstract:
While much of the news reported from Greece continues to focus on the harsh realities of continuing financial crisis, it is a pleasure to publicize the strength and diversity of archaeological research, and the major developments which continue to make Greece's sites and museums ever more attractive and accessible to visitors whatever their interests. This has been an exciting year, not least thanks to the Greek presidency of the Council of the European Union which has put culture in all forms under the spotlight (the exhibition Greece's Europe. Colonies and Coinage from the Alpha Bank Collection at the Archaeological Museum of Thessaloniki was but one of the commemorative events held in Greece). Further new discoveries through the summer of 2014 continue to tantalize, as we will observe presently.
4
Leventi, Iphigeneia. "MARBLE SCULPTURES FROM PHTHIOTIS IN THE LAMIA ARCHAEOLOGICAL MUSEUM." Annual of the British School at Athens 108 (November 2013): 275–321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068245413000099.
Full textAbstract:
Marble statuettes, now in the Lamia Archaeological Museum, that date to the Classical and above all the Hellenistic periods, and a Hellenistic votive relief depicting Herakles are presented here. This study investigates the relations between the local workshop in central Greece which produced them and the major Classical and Hellenistic sculptural centres of Athens and of the Aegean islands, Asia Minor and the kingdoms of the Greek East generally. A marble statuette of a goddess which may represent Artemis from Melitaia, and a marble statuette of a seated girl of unknown provenance are dated to the Classical period. The subjects portrayed in the Late Hellenistic material show a typical repertory, marble statuettes of Aphrodite or Aphrodite-like figures, and a statuary group of Eros and Psyche in marble, unusual for this period. The ways in which the local sculptors of the Late Hellenistic period in the area of modern Phthiotis adopted the typological and stylistic trends current in the great cosmopolitan centres are a major concern here. In the Hellenistic period, the production of marble statuettes for making offerings at public and domestic sanctuaries and for decorating opulent villas was in vogue, and a common formal language was created especially for small-scale sculpture in the eastern Mediterranean and the new art markets of Italy. The vehicles by which these artistic influences were transmitted to the sculptural production of central Greece will also be investigated.
5
Kravchenko, Inna. "Archaeological Antiquities of Church and Archaeological Museum at Kyiv Theological Academy (1872-1919)." Eminak, no. 2(42) (August 15, 2023): 252–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.33782/eminak2023.2(42).651.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of the research paper is to study the formation history of the collection of archaeological antiquities of the Church and Archaeological Museum at Kyiv Theological Academy, the ways of their acquisition by the Museum, the content of the archaeological collections, the personalities of the collectors, and the historical fate of the holdings.
Scientific novelty. The history of the formation and content of the collections of archaeological antiquities is separated from the general issue of the activities of the Church and Archaeological Society and the Museum at Kyiv Theological Academy.
Conclusions. The Church and Archaeological Museum at Kyiv Theological Academy, founded in 1872, was the largest and most significant in the territory of modern Ukraine in terms of the number, variety, and value of the objects stored. Despite its initial focus on collecting mainly church objects, during the existence of the Museum, its collection accumulated a lot of other archaeological and historical artifacts. Accumulation of antiquities in the Museum contributed to their preservation and scientific study.
Among the archaeological antiquities of the Museum were objects of the Stone, Copper, and Bronze Ages, ancient Egyptian, antique Greek and Rome, Greek colonies of the Northern Black Sea region, Hellenistic, Scythian, Sarmatian, Gothic, Slavic, Byzantine, Kyivan Rus, Lithuanian era, period of 1569-1795, and the items belonged to the Cossacks of the 18th century, etc.
Objects came from the territory of modern Ukraine, Belarus, Georgia, Russia, Egypt, Turkey, Greece, Palestine, etc. Mainly, there were artifacts from excavations and accidental finds. Collections were given to the Museum by private individuals. Among them, the greatest contribution to the enriching of holdings belonged to Archimandrite Antonin (Kapustin), Bishop Porfyrii (Uspenskyi), M.O. Leopardov, V.Z. Zavitnevich, V.I. Hoshkevich, numerous donators from the clergy, teachers, and archeology enthusiasts. The greatest contribution to the preservation, research, scientific description, and publication of the Museum’s collections belonged to M.I. Petrov.
Disasters of the 20th century (two world wars, the revolutions of 1917, and the dominance of atheistic ideology in the USSR) negatively affected the preservation of the rich collections of the Church and Archaeological Museum at Kyiv Theological Academy. Many museum objects disappeared, were stolen, or were simply destroyed; the Museum itself also ceased to exist. However, part of the collections survived, and some items from them are still stored in some Kyiv museums.
6
Kubala, Agata. "A Greek Fibula in the Collection of the Archaeological Museum in Wrocław." Studies in Ancient Art and Civilisation 19 (December 30, 2015): 129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/saac.19.2015.19.07.
Full textAbstract:
In the collection of the Archaeological Museum in Wrocław is a Greek fibula, which was donated by Wilhelm Grempler, a Wrocław doctor and researcher of antiquity well-known for his contribution to Silesian archaeology. It belongs to the ‘millwheel’ fibula group, which is characterised by the distinctive decoration of its bows. Fibulae of this type have been found in modern Bulgaria, Macedonia and northern and central Greece, although they seem not to have reached its south. Observable differences in the shapes of the decorative elements of these fibulae are of a regional nature and allow two varieties to be identified within the type: North Balkan and Greek. The best analogies for the Wrocław ‘millwheel’ fibula can be found in objects of the same type found at Halai in central Greece, which can be dated to the mid-5th century BC.
7
Stamatopoulou, Maria. "Introduction & overview." Archaeological Reports 64 (November 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0570608418000170.
Full textAbstract:
This brief introduction presents the structure and contents of the current issue of Archaeology in Greece, linking the various contributions to events or very recent discoveries that were reported in the press in the period immediately before the completion of this issue. It also offers an overview (not meant to be exhaustive) of archaeological activity in Greece over the past 12 months, focusing on major exhibitions and new museum openings, important academic conferences and recent publications.
8
Nikolakopoulou, Vasiliki, Petros Printezis, Vassilis Maniatis, Dimitris Kontizas, Spyros Vosinakis, Pavlos Chatzigrigoriou, and Panayiotis Koutsabasis. "Conveying Intangible Cultural Heritage in Museums with Interactive Storytelling and Projection Mapping: The Case of the Mastic Villages." Heritage 5, no. 2 (May 18, 2022): 1024–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage5020056.
Full textAbstract:
Spatial Augmented Reality (SAR), as implemented with projection mapping, is part of mixed-reality technology with numerous applications in the cultural domain. In museums, interactive projection mapping has been exploited to superimpose virtual content on exhibited artefacts, offering users various hybrid ways to interact with the artefacts’ physical and digital content. For this reason, it has been widely used in the context of architectural heritage to promote culture and raise awareness about historical buildings or landscapes by visualizing significant elements they convey. This paper presents the design, development, and iterative user evaluation of an interactive projection mapping installation for the Mastic Museum on Chios island in Greece that promotes UNESCO’s intangible cultural heritage. The installation affords tangible interaction to activate the video projections presented in a storytelling manner on a 3D-printed scale model of a representative historic settlement exhibited inside the museum. The concept of this installation aims to connect the tangible and intangible cultural heritage of mastic and the related villages with narration and vivid illustrations. Three evaluation phases took place during the development at the lab and the museum, informing UX, learning, and design considerations.
9
Russell, Ben. "Stone quarrying in Greece: ten years of research." Archaeological Reports 63 (November 2017): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0570608418000078.
Full textAbstract:
It has been ten years since the publication of Lorenzo Lazzarini's monumental volume on the quarrying, use and properties of the coloured marbles of Greece: Poikiloi Lithoi, Versiculores Maculae: I Marmi Colorati della Grecia Antica (Lazzarini 2007). The first study since Angelina Dworakowska's Quarries in Ancient Greece (Dworakowska 1975) to attempt a large-scale examination of quarrying across Greece, Lazzarini's approach is fundamentally an archaeometric one. Analysis of the evidence for quarrying in different regions is set alongside minero-petrographic and geochemical analyses of the materials extracted. Lazzarini focuses on 12 lithotypes: marmor lacedaemonium from Laconia, variously referred to as serpentino and porfido verde antico; three stone types from the Mani peninsula: rosso antico tenario, nero antico tenario and cipollino tenario; from Chios, the famous marmor chium or portasanta, breccia di Aleppo and nero antico chiota; the breccia di settebasi and semesanto of Skyros; the intensively exploited marmor carystium or cipollino verde, as well as the marmor chalcidicum or fior di pesco from Euboea; and from central and northern Greece, marmor thessalicum or verde antico and the breccia policroma della Vittoria. For each of these lithotypes, Lazzarini considers the evidence for their use and distribution, illustrated with a distribution map in each case, and provides a thorough overview of what is known about their quarries. Archaeological and geological approaches are here combined, and this is a hallmark of much recent work on the question of quarrying and stone use through Greek history.
10
Snodgrass, Anthony. "Soft targets and no-win dilemmas: response to Dimitris Plantzos." Antiquity 85, no. 328 (May 2011): 629–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00068022.
Full textAbstract:
Most of the opposition directed at the new AcropolisMuseum (herafter NAM), both beforeand since its opening in June 2009, has turned out to be politically motivated, mainly from the Left in Greece, mainly from the Right in Britain (the Daily Telegraph called it 'a hideous visitor centre in modern Athens'before it was even built [Wilson 2006]). Dimitris Plantzos comes at the museum from a different angle, but he too is determinedly on the attack. A first sign of this is his total silence about the protection and exhibition of the archaeological site underlying the museum, one of its major positive (and innovatory) features.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Archaeological Museum (Chios, Greece)"
1
Polyzoudi, Archondia. "The display of archaeology in museums of Northern Greece : the socio-politics and poetics of museum narratives." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610491.
Full textBooks on the topic "Archaeological Museum (Chios, Greece)"
1
Sēmantōnē-Bournia, Eua. La céramique à reliefs au Musée de Chios. Athēnai: Athēnais Archaiologikē Hetaireia, 1992.
Find full text
2
Kaltsas, Nikos E. National Archaeological Museum. Athens: Kapon Editions, 2010.
Find full text
3
Hatzi, Georgia E. The Archaeological Museum of Olympia. [Greece]: John S. Latsis Public Benefit Foundation, 2008.
Find full text
4
Katakis, Stylianos E. Athens, National Archaeological Museum. Athens: Academy of Athens, 2018.
Find full text
5
Auteur, Kaltsas Nikolaos, and Giannakopoúlou Judy Traduction, eds. The National archaeological museum. Athens: Eurobank EFG, 2007.
Find full text
6
Rhomiopoulou, Katerina. National Archaeological Museum: Collection of Roman sculpture. Athens: Archaeological Receipts Fund, 1995.
Find full text
7
Kotsou, Helenē. The collection of Cypriot antiquities, National Archaeological Museum. Edited by Ethnikon Archaiologikon Mouseion (Greece). Athens: Archaeological Receipts Fund, 2009.
Find full text
8
(Greece), Ethnikon Archaiologikon Mouseion. The sculpture in the National Archaeological Museum, Athens. Athens: Kapon Editions, 2002.
Find full text
9
Yalouris, Athanasia. Olympia: The museum and the sanctuary. Athens: Ekdotike Athenon, 1989.
Find full text
10
Kaltsas, Nikolaos. Sculpture in the National Archaeological Museum, Athens. Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum, 2002.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Archaeological Museum (Chios, Greece)"
1
Kokkinidou, Dimitra, and Marianna Nikolaidou. "A Sexist Present, a Human-less Past: Museum Archaeology in Greece." In Gender and Material Culture in Archaeological Perspective, 33–55. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-62334-1_3.
Full text
2
Fant, Clyde E., and Mitchell G. Reddish. "Pergamum." In A Guide to Biblical Sites in Greece and Turkey. Oxford University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195139174.003.0042.
Full textAbstract:
Pergamum is unquestionably one of the most impressive archaeological sites in all of Turkey. Pergamum’s attractions are hard to surpass—the breathtaking view from its theater carved out of the side of the acropolis, the magnificent restored Temple of Trajan, the foundations of the Great Altar of Zeus, the ancient healing center of Asclepius, the Temple of Serapis (the Red Hall), and the archaeological museum. A visit to Pergamum should not be rushed. There is much here to reward the patient visitor who will explore the riches of this ancient city. The site of ancient Pergamum is scattered in and around the modern town of Bergama, located in the western part of Turkey, approximately 65 miles north of Izmir. According to ancient mythology, Pergamum was founded by Telephus, king of Asia Minor and the son of Hercules (and thus the grandson of Zeus). Archaeological evidence indicates that Pergamum was settled as early as the 8th century B.C.E. Xenophon, the Greek historian who was involved in a mercenary expedition against the Persians, mentions that in 399 B.C.E. he and his soldiers spent some time at Pergamum. Little is known about Pergamum until the Hellenistic period, when Pergamum and all of Asia Minor came under the control of Alexander the Great. After the death of Alexander in 323 B.C.E., Lysimachus, one of Alexander’s generals (the Diadochoi) involved in the struggle for Alexander’s kingdom, eventually gained control of all of Asia Minor. He deposited a considerable amount of wealth in the treasury of Pergamum and placed one of his officers, Philetaerus, in charge. Philetaerus eventually turned against Lysimachus. After Lysimachus’ death, Philetaerus (r. 281–263 B.C.E.) used the money to establish a principality, with Pergamum as its capital. Unmarried (and supposedly a eunuch due to an accident), Philetaerus adopted his nephew Eumenes I as his successor. Eumenes I (r. 263–241 B.C.E.) was successful in defeating the Seleucid king Antiochus I at Sardis and expanding the rule of Pergamum throughout the Caicus River valley and all the way to the Aegean Sea. Upon his death, he was succeeded by his adopted son Attalus I Soter (r. 241–197 B.C.E.).
3
Fant, Clyde E., and Mitchell G. Reddish. "Antioch on the Orontes." In A Guide to Biblical Sites in Greece and Turkey. Oxford University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195139174.003.0026.
Full textAbstract:
At one time Antioch on the Orontes was one of the three largest and most important cities of the Greco-Roman world, along with Rome and Alexandria (Egypt). Although Antioch faded from prominence centuries ago, the present city, with its population of approximately 150,000, is still a rewarding place to visit. The museum of the city, the Hatay Archaeological Museum, contains one of the best collections of ancient mosaics of any museum in the world. In ancient times Antioch on the Orontes was a part of Syria and thus is sometimes referred to, especially in biblical studies, as Antioch of Syria. (Fifteen other cities in the ancient world were named Antioch as well.) Today the city, now known as Antakya, is just north of the Syrian border, in the Hatay province of southern Turkey. The Orontes River (today called the Asi) connected the city to the Mediterranean Sea. Seleucus I Nicator, one of the generals of Alexander the Great, founded the city. At first Antigonus, another general, controlled Syria, but he was defeated in 301 by Seleucus and other leaders. Seleucus then gained control of Syria and established his own cities, including Antioch and its port city of Seleucia Pieria. Seleucus named the city, which soon became the capital of the Seleucid kingdom, after his father, Antiochus. Subsequent Seleucid rulers, including Antiochus I Soter (r. 281–261 B.C.E.), Seleucus II Callinicus (r. 246–225 B.C.E.), and Antiochus IV Epiphanes (r. 175– 164 B.C.E.), enlarged and enhanced the city. Tigranes of Armenia captured the city in 83 B.C.E., but in 66 B.C.E. he was defeated by the Roman general Pompey, who made Antioch the capital of the Roman province of Syria. Both Julius Caesar and Augustus visited the city, and both erected various buildings there. (The wedding of Mark Antony to Cleopatra likely took place in Antioch. Ancient sources indicate it occurred in Syria but do not specify the city. As the capital, Antioch was the likely location.) During the Roman period, Antioch was a large, cosmopolitan city, the third largest city in the Roman world after Rome and Alexandria.
4
Fant, Clyde E., and Mitchell G. Reddish. "Crete." In A Guide to Biblical Sites in Greece and Turkey. Oxford University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195139174.003.0015.
Full textAbstract:
Crete is the largest and most southerly of all the Greek islands. It is also one of the most visited, due to both its beauty and its famous ancient sites. By far the best-known of these attractions is the spectacular Palace of Knossos, reconstructed over a period of thirty-five years by its discoverer, Sir Arthur Evans, who put more than a million dollars of his own money into the work. Scholars have criticized his reconstruction as a fanciful and not altogether accurate representation of the original, but millions of tourists delight in being able to see more at an ancient site than foundations, scattered stones, and a few columns. But Knossos is not the only dramatic ruin of antiquity on the island. Gortyna and Phaistos should not be missed, and for Christians the harbor of Kaloi Limenes (called Fair Havens in the New Testament) is a place of importance in the life of the Apostle Paul. Likewise, the Basilica of St. Titus at Gortyna commemorates the ministry of Titus, a Greek convert who was a disciple of Paul (Gal 2:3), as described in the New Testament book of Titus. Furthermore, Iraklion possesses an archaeological museum second only to the National Museum in Athens. The only site on Crete mentioned in the Bible, though Crete itself was said to be the place of the ministry of Titus (Titus 1:5), is the harbor of Kaloi Limenes (Good Harbor), referred to in the Book of Acts as Fair Havens (Acts 27: 8). After two thousand years, the site is known by the same name today. Even in New Testament times the place was distinguished only as the harbor for the nearby city of Lasea, a flourishing commercial city in the Roman period. Today the tranquil bay in its remote location harbors nothing more than sunbathers who visit its beaches to enjoy the beautiful waters of the Mediterranean. The site can be reached best by automobile, or by taking a bus from Iraklion to Moires/Mires.
5
Boyatzis, Stamatis C., Andriana Veve, Galateia Kriezi, Georgia Karamargiou, Elena Kontou, and Vasilike Argyropoulos. "A Scientific Assessment of the Long-Term Protection of Incralac Coatings on Ancient Bronze Collections in the National Archaeological Museum and the Epigraphic and Numismatic Museum in Athens, Greece." In Artistry in Bronze, 300–312. J. Paul Getty Trust, The, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/jj.6142256.47.
Full text
6
Fant, Clyde E., and Mitchell G. Reddish. "Apollonia." In A Guide to Biblical Sites in Greece and Turkey. Oxford University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195139174.003.0009.
Full textAbstract:
Apollonia of Macedonia, a city scarcely known even in Greek history, is on the verge of new prominence as a recent discovery brings its past to light. In the summer of 2000 a farmer digging in his fields near Nea (“new”) Apollonia, 30 miles east of Thessalonica, made an amazing discovery. In the bottom of a trench he found a wreath of thirty solid-gold ivy leaves, decorated with two bunches of grapes, that weighed more than a pound. Only three other wreaths of this type and quality have ever been discovered in all of Greece. Archaeologists from Thessaloniki dated the find at approximately 350 B.C.E., or more than 2,350 years old. (This remarkable wreath is currently on display in the Archaeological Museum in Thessaloniki.) The following day their probings uncovered a statue believed to be an image of the goddess known as the Nike of Samothraki, or the Winged Victory of Samothrace. Subsequently, massive fortifying walls and five towers from the 5th century B.C.E. were uncovered. Likewise, two pottery kilns and sixteen cist (stone slab) graves have been unearthed. Archaeologists now believe that this finding marks the location of ancient Apollonia of Macedonia. More surprising, they estimate its population at 10,000, roughly the same as that of Athens during the same period. The city is believed to have existed from approximately 400 B.C.E. to the 8th century C.E. and to have reached its zenith under Philip II of Macedon, the father of Alexander the Great. The first inhabitants of Apollonia were refugees from the nearby Chalkidiki peninsula who fled that location when it was threatened by Athenian warships during the Peloponnesian War. Prior to the recent discoveries, Apollonia was known only as a station on the ancient trade route between the east and west. King Xerxes of Persia passed through the area in 480 B.C.E. (Herodotus 7.112–115), as did Alexander the Great in his epic journey to the east some 150 years later (Arrian, Anabasis 1.11.4).
7
Fant, Clyde E., and Mitchell G. Reddish. "Thessalonica." In A Guide to Biblical Sites in Greece and Turkey. Oxford University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195139174.003.0024.
Full textAbstract:
In 315 B.C.E. Cassander, king of Macedonia, once a general in the army of Alexander the Great, founded a new city in his kingdom. He named it for his wife, Thessalonike, daughter of Philip II of Macedon and the half sister of Alexander. In the centuries that followed, Thessalonica became the premier city of northern Greece, enduring and flourishing under Hellenistic, Roman, and Greek control. Many famous figures in world history played important roles throughout its lengthy and colorful existence, including Alexander the Great, Cleopatra, Cicero, Pompey, and Sulëyman I the Magnificent, among others. But no resident or visitor to Thessalonica had a greater influence on the city than an obscure Christian missionary who visited there in the first century, Paul of Tarsus. The first New Testament writing is believed to be Paul’s First Letter to the Thessalonians. Modern Thessaloniki (biblical Thessalonica), second only to Athens among the cities of Greece, is easily reached by automobile or by frequent flights from Athens. Although its ancient ruins and monuments are overshadowed by those of Athens, this city is well worth visiting for its fine archaeological museum and as a point of departure for the spectacular Royal Tombs at Vergina, home to the amazing riches of the family of Alexander the Great. Increasingly, more of ancient Thessalonica is being unearthed by archaeologists and made available to public view. According to Strabo, Thessalonica was established at the site of ancient Therme and formed from the incorporation of twenty-five smaller villages. The ancient city was laid out according to the Hippodamian plan, that is, in rectangular blocks. Its development was encouraged by its fine port and, during the Roman period, by being made the capital of Macedonia. When the Romans connected the Via Egnatia, the historic road linking east and west, to Thessalonica, the city prospered even more. The Roman orator Cicero was exiled in Thessalonica (58–57 B.C.E.) and wrote to his friend Atticus on July 21, 57 B.C.E., that he had delayed leaving the city “owing to the constant traffic along the road” (the Via Egnatia; M. Tullius Cicero, Letters 69).
8
YAVUZ, Mehmet, and Levent ALNIAK. "TRABZON İÇ KALE KAZISI." In CUMHURIYETIN BIRINCI YÜZYILINDA ANADOLU’DA TÜRK DÖNEMI ARKEOLOJI ÇALISMALARI, 669–86. Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53478/tuba.978-625-8352-61-0.ch31.
Full textAbstract:
Historically, the city of Trabzon consisted of three separate sections, namely the Lower Fortress, the Middle Fortress and the Upper Fortress (Inner Fortress) sections. Considering its strategic location and its status fit for an administrative center, it is highly probable that the first walled city construction was made in the Inner Fortress (Upper Fortress) section. The structural features of the walls both at the north-western and north-eastern parts of the Inner Fortress (Upper Fortress) section and the first archaeological findings confirmed this view. The first observer to mention the existence of Trabzon as Trapezus in ancient written sources was Xenophon, who returned to Greece with “tens of thousands” of soldiers in 400 BC from Persia. Based on this source Trabzon was a city intact around 400 BC, and therefore its known history dates back to 2500 years. However, the German historian Jakob Fallmerayer Pausanias, known for his work “History of the Empire of Trabzon”, argued that the core inhabited area of Trapezus was Trabzon, which still exists today, and that its foundation dated back 4500 years ago. Considering that the transition to a sedentary agricultural life was during the Neolithic period around 2000 BC, this view is likely to be accurate. Until February and August 2021, no scientific archaeological excavation or drilling work had been carried out either inside or outside the city walls of old Trabzon, which has been inhabited since ancient times. With the permission of the General Directorate of Cultural Heritage and Museums of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, in 2021 archaeological drilling was carried out for a month in the northeastern part of the Lower Hisar in Trabzon for the first time in history, and important architectural remains from the Roman Period were found in addition to minor Hellenistic finds. Following this significant discovery, at the end of August of the same year, long-term, planned and systematic archaeological excavations were initiated at the Inner Fortress section under the presidency of Trabzon Museum and under the coordination and academic supervision of Prof. Mehmet Yavuz from Karadeniz Technical University. The third phase of these archaeological studies was carried out at the bottom of the city wall behind the Women’s Groceries Market in the Lower Hisar section, and the works that began in December 2021 continued until the end of July 2022. During the rescue excavations, the ancient harbor structure uncovered during the excavation of the construction foundation was fully unearthed. The first archaeological excavations in these three different places yielded a large number of ceramic artifacts, coins, glass, metal and bone artifacts belonging to the Roman, Byzantine, Komnenos and Ottoman Periods, starting from the Hellenistic Period. For more detailed information, please refer to the Extended Abstract at the end of the text