Journal articles on the topic 'Archaeological fakes'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Archaeological fakes.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Archaeological fakes.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Lafli, Ergün, and Maurizio Buora. "Archaeological fakes and forgeries in Turkey." Revista do Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia, no. 36 (June 30, 2021): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2448-1750.revmae.2021.173939.
Abstract:
In this paper we present discussions on archaeological authenticity in Turkey, advanced both from scholarly as well as popular scientific point of views. In Turkey in the last five years a recent public debate has become on previously inconspicuous "archaeological fakes". The problem was previously known, but not permanently entered in scientific research. It will probably still be a long way to go until Turkish archaeologists to deal with this matter in scientific terms with it and accept it as an important study area. Although Turkey is a key country for both originals, as well as for forgery production, we known little about which materials should be categorized as replicas or fakes, which objects were classified, what materials were faked, why and by whom.
2
Pernicka, Ernst. "Science versus Archaeology? The Case of the Bernstorf Fakes." METALLA 24, no. 2 (July 26, 2019): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.46586/metalla.v24.2018.i2.73-80.
Abstract:
Although scientific methods are frequently applied in archaeology and are often considered as indispensable, their results do not always agree with archaeological expectations. This can usually be resolved by detailed discussions and by acknowledging the potentials and limitations of the different approaches. To do this it is necessary to accept the competence and experience of each other and, foremost, accept and understand the different methodologies. Here a case is presented, in which such a conundrum could in principle be solved but archaeological arguments are given a priori more weight and discomforting scientific results are thus suppressed. The case deals with a number of decorated gold foils and pieces of amber that were found near a Late Bronze Age structure at the hamlet of Bernstorf near the small town of Kranzberg, Lkr. Freising, in Bavaria. They were interpreted as clear evidence for contacts between Mycenae and Bavaria in the Late Bronze Age and it was suggested that the gold derives from Egypt. It was also maintained that this find would corroborate the widely accepted hypothesis of an “amber road” and a link between the Mediterranean cultures and Central Europe. Analyses of the Bernstorf gold showed it to be exceptionally pure which is not only unknown in natural gold but also in all prehistoric gold objects hitherto analyzed. It was therefore concluded that the finds from Bernstorf were made from modern gold foil, which is supported by radiocarbon dates of soil intentionally enveloping an amber “seal” containing gold foil of similar composition. However, this unavoidable conclusion is dismissed by some archaeologist, claiming that “mere chemical analysis” and “a chemist” cannot decide on the authenticity of an object and that archaeological reasoning has to be given priority.
3
Holtorf, Cornelius, and Tim Schadla-Hall. "Age as Artefact: On Archaeological Authenticity." European Journal of Archaeology 2, no. 2 (1999): 229–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/eja.1999.2.2.229.
Abstract:
Authenticity is frequently seen as crucial in archaeology. In this paper, we examine the nature of authenticity and question by implication whether so much attention should be given to determining the actual age and thus the genuineness of archaeological objects. We show that numbers of authenticated objects are potentially fakes. There is an acceptance that many archaeological sites and reconstructions are not actually really old, although the acceptability of this view depends on one's flexibility towards the concept of authenticity. It is clear that the public does not necessarily put the same value on genuineness as do archaeologists. We suggest that certain aspects of the past have always been a potentially renewable resource. We suggest that a more relaxed approach to genuineness and authenticity is acceptable today and is already accepted by the public as consumers of the past.
4
Whittaker, John C., and Michael Stafford. "Replicas, Fakes, and Art: The Twentieth Century Stone Age and Its Effects on Archaeology." American Antiquity 64, no. 2 (April 1999): 203–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2694274.
Abstract:
In addition to archaeologists who make stone tools for experimental purposes, there is a growing number of flintknappers who make lithic artifacts for fun and for profit. The scale of non-academic knapping is little known to archaeologists, and is connected to a flourishing market for antiquities, fakes, replicas, and modern lithic art. Modern stone tools are being produced in vast numbers, and are inevitably muddling the prehistoric record. Modern knappers exploit some material sources heavily, and their debitage creates new sites and contaminates old quarry areas. Modern knapping is, however, a potential source of archaeological insights, and a bridge between the professional community and the interested public. Modern knapping also is creating a “twentieth-century stone age,” and archaeologists working with lithic artifacts need to be aware of the problems and potentials.
5
Varga, Máté, and András K. Németh. "Archaeological Traces of Rural Coin Counterfeiting in Tolna County in the 16th–17th Centuries." Hungarian Archaeology 10, no. 1 (2021): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.36338/ha.2021.1.6.
Abstract:
“Hidden in dark forests, shifty characters with shady pasts were producing caps full of coins or Polish groschen from base metal in peasant cottages” (Komáromy 1893, 648). It is as if András Komáromy in his 1893 story for the journal Századok was describing the archaeological finds from Tolna County we will present below. The scene he portrays was of the difficult times following the Battle of Mohács, when even poor people tried their hand at the forbidden activity of counterfeiting. We can learn of the efforts of noblemen at counterfeiting from the work of Komáromy through the confession of a man (master Nicholas) accused of this activity. One of the most interesting parts of the science of numismatics is counterfeiting, because it is only a slight exaggeration that there have been fakes ever since the birth of money. Despite the distinctive nature of the topic, little is known of it even today. Knowledge is particularly scanty about so-called rural counterfeiting workshops, with few written sources – in contrast to those on counterfeiting by noblemen. In our paper we would like to provide some useful archaeological data primarily through surveys with metal detectors and field walks on a relatively small but intensively studied topic of the Ottoman Period.
6
Пшемицька, Євгенія. "EVERYDAY LIFE OF THE MIDDLE AGES Book review: Demchuk Stefania. The Age of Fasting and Carnivals. How They Lived, Drank and Loved in the Middle Ages. Kyiv: Vikhola, 2023. 336 p." КОНСЕНСУС, no. 4 (2023): 175–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.31110/consensus/2023-04/175-188.
Abstract:
The review analyses the work of a historian and media studies scholar Stefaniia Demchuk on the everyday life of the Middle Ages. The scholar focuses her research on the medieval man, with all his fears, desires, joys, and sorrows. The work consists of 7 chapters, which are logically structured from the birth of a person to their death, with life between these periods filled with work, holidays, love, and education. The value of the work lies in the fact that the researcher draws attention to the least represented, especially in Ukrainian historiography, class - the peasantry. The analysis of the work revealed that the researcher used interdisciplinary methods, anthropological and hermeneutical approaches. Geographically, the work covers the territory of Western Europe in the Middle Ages, which Stefania Demchuk proposes to consider within the time frame from the 5th till the 16th century. While the researcher relies on a significant number of archaeological, written and visual sources, works by well-known European medievalists, the material is aimed at readers of any level. The study is a popular science story about the Middle Ages, with additional recommendations for readers, illustrations, and quotes from works of art and treatises. As part of her work, Stefania Demchuk not only presents the history of everyday life in an accessible way, but also debunks the most common and popular myths and stereotypes about the Middle Ages: backward medicine and lack of hygiene, the low, disenfranchised position of women, church-controlled celebrations, poverty, hunger, no proper childhood experiences, etc. Stefania Demchuk's work "The Age of Fasting and Carnivals. How They Lived, Drank and Loved in the Middle Ages" promotes the popularisation of history and media studies, and is aimed at combating historical myths and fakes. This work will be of interest and use to both the scientific community and anyone interested in the Middle Ages.
7
Manhein, Mary H. "Making Faces: Using Forensic and Archaeological Evidence:Making Faces: Using Forensic and Archaeological Evidence." American Anthropologist 100, no. 1 (March 1998): 212–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.1998.100.1.212.2.
8
Bison, Giulia. "Monica Baggio, Elisa Bernard, Monica Salvadori and Luca Zamparo, eds. Anthropology of Forgery: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Study of Archaeological Fakes (Antenor Quaderni 46. Padua: Padova University Press, 2019, 332 pp., b/w and colour illustr., ISBN 978-88-6938-154-6)." European Journal of Archaeology 23, no. 4 (November 2020): 631–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/eaa.2020.49.
9
Gerstenblith, Patty. "Provenances: Real, Fake, and Questionable." International Journal of Cultural Property 26, no. 3 (August 2019): 285–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0940739119000171.
Abstract:
Abstract:Provenance, the ownership history of an artifact or work of art, has become one of the primary mechanisms for determining the legal status and authenticity of a cultural object. Professional associations, including museum organizations, have adopted the “1970 standard” as a means to prevent the acquisition of an ancient object from promoting the looting of archaeological sites, which is driven by the economic gains realized through the international market. The Association of Art Museum Directors (AAMD), one of the museum world’s most influential professional organizations, requires its members to list the ancient artworks and artifacts that they have acquired after 2008 that do not conform to the 1970 standard in an online object registry. The study presented here of the AAMD’s Object Registry for New Acquisitions of Archaeological Material and Works of Ancient Art analyzes the extent to which AAMD member museums do not comply with the 1970 standard and, perhaps of greater significance, the weaknesses in the provenance information on which they rely in acquiring such works. I argue that systematic recurrences of inadequate provenance certitude are symptomatic of the larger problem of methodology and standards of evidence in claiming documented provenance. A museum’s acceptance of possibly unverifiable provenance documentation and, therefore, its acquisition of an object that may have been recently looted, in turn, impose a negative externality on society through the loss of information about our past caused by the looting of archaeological sites.
10
Haricharan, Smriti. "Localizing the Different Faces of Archaeological Landscapes in South India." Public Archaeology 17, no. 2-3 (July 3, 2018): 74–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14655187.2018.1554401.
11
da Silva Ribeiro, Roberto. "QUESTÕES CONTEMPORÂNEAS NA PRÁTICA DA ARQUEOLOGIA E SUAS DIMENSÕES POLÍTICAS." Revista Noctua 1, no. 8 (2023): 27–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.26892/noctua.v1i8p27-44.
Abstract:
In the context of contemporary issues, archeology faces complex challenges that go beyond technical and scientific aspects, entering its political dimensions. This article aims to present a bibliographic review and meta-analysis of current issues that permeate archaeological practice, with special emphasis on its political implications. In this review, we intend to analyze how political dimensions shape archaeological practice, impacting issues such as the interpretation of archaeological sites, decision-making about excavations, management of cultural heritage and relations with local communities, minorities, quilombolas and indigenous peoples.
12
Engmann, Rachel Ama Asaa. ""The Fake"." Journal of Contemporary Archaeology 9, no. 2 (April 17, 2023): 248–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/jca.21710.
Abstract:
Inspired by a conversation with Doran Ross (1947–2020), a leading African art scholar and curator who revolutionized the field of African art, this article discusses the adventures of fieldwork – in particular, its unpredictable nature. More specifically, it presents my experiences conducting an archaeological ethnography of nineteenth-century Islamic talismans in Asante (Ghana), and the matter of the “fake”. Islamic talismans comprise inscriptions written directly onto paper, folded, encased in a string binding, and sewn into small leather or silver pouches, to be worn, hung, and/or buried. Engaging artifacts, texts, and their stories passed down through the generations, I studied Islamic talismans together with their owners and/or custodians, most of whom were unaware of their contents until we examined them together. In this article, I reveal how on one occasion, we examined a talisman that was different. Ostensibly the “genuine” article, this simulated object emulated talismans’ outwardly material features, but instead contained a small piece of wood rather than paper inscriptions.
13
Bamforth, Douglas B. "What Is Archaeology? (Or, Confusion, Sound, and Fury, Signifying…)." American Antiquity 68, no. 3 (July 2003): 581–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3557110.
Abstract:
O'Brien, Lyman, and Leonard's comment misrepresents my paper and obscures the problems evolutionary archaeology faces. In particular, I took the ongoing operation of natural selection among modern humans as one of my fundamental assumptions and I did not limit evolution to genetic change. The assertion that the selectionists have identified the operation of natural selection in the archaeological record fails to meet the most basic standards of archaeological reasoning.
14
Caldwell, David H., and Graeme D. R. Cruickshank. "Lecture summaries 1997-8." Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 128 (November 30, 1999): 1121–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/psas.128.1121.1133.
Abstract:
Eight lecture summaries:Finlaggan, Islay: an archaeological overviewTracking down Scottish export pottery in South-East AsiaRiding into history: Scotland's common ridingsA new investigation into the Clava CairnsBodies, faces and teethThe first Glasgow Town House, 1737-60The Romantic interior: Sir Walter Scott and AbbotsfordScottish crannogs: construction, collapse and conflation
15
Nión-Álvarez, Samuel, Mª Guadalupe Castro González, and Marco Antonio Rivas Nódar. "Una puerta a la ocupación prerromana de A Coruña: El yacimiento de Príncipe 17." SPAL. Revista de Prehistoria y Arqueología de la Universidad de Sevilla 2, no. 30 (2021): 124–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/spal.2021.i30.20.
Abstract:
La siguiente publicación tiene por objeto realizar una revisión de Príncipe 17 (A Coruña), solar excavado en el año 2007. A pesar de haber pasado desapercibido en su momento y de no contar con una estratigrafía particularmente esclarecedora, este yacimiento ofrece resultados transcendentales para la comprensión de las primeras fases de ocupación de la península de A Coruña. Se trata del primer contexto arqueológico publicado que parece determinar la existencia de una fase de ocupación anterior a la conquista de Roma dentro del ámbito de la ciudad vieja coruñesa. Esta afirmación supone tener que replantear las interpretaciones realizadas hasta el momento, y permite explorar nuevas hipótesis acerca de la evolución histórica de la ciudad herculina. En este sentido, se realizará una revisión del estado de la investigación en lo relativo a los orígenes del asentamiento romano de Brigantium, que nos permitirá entender cuáles son las posturas planteadas y qué nuevas vías de interpretación podemos explorar. Con estas perspectivas, se planteará un estudio material del yacimiento con dos objetivos bien definidos: por un lado, definir y situar su registro arqueológico en su tiempo y en su espacio; por el otro, explorar sus implicaciones dentro de los procesos sociales e históricos del enclave.
16
Klehm, Carla. "The Use and Challenges of Spatial Data in Archaeology." Advances in Archaeological Practice 11, no. 1 (February 2023): 104–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aap.2022.38.
Abstract:
OverviewSpatial data, under the broader umbrella of digital data, is becoming increasingly integral to all stages of archaeological research design and dissemination. As archaeologists lean toward reuse and interoperability, with ethics on their minds, how to treat spatial data is of particular importance. This is because of the complexities involved at every life-cycle stage, from collection to publication, including black box issues that may be taken for granted, and because the size of spatial data can lead to archiving difficulties. Here, the “DIY” momentum of increasingly accessible spatial methods such as photogrammetry and handheld lidar is examined alongside forthcoming changes in publication policies that will impact the United States in particular, framed around a conversation about best practices and a call for more comprehensive training for the archaeological community. At its heart, this special issue seeks to realize the potential of increasingly digitized—and increasingly large amounts of—archaeological data. Within cultural resource management, this means anticipating utilization of data through widespread standardization, among many interrelated activities. A desire to enhance the utility of archaeological data has distinct resonances with the use of spatial data in archaeology, as do some wider challenges that the archaeological community faces moving forward.
17
Stephen, Jesse W., and Colleen Morgan. "Faces of Archaeology: A Photographic Portrait Study from the Seventh World Archaeological Congress." Archaeologies 10, no. 2 (July 27, 2014): 194–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11759-014-9255-6.
18
Donbaz, Veysel, and Süleyman Özkan. "Two Inscribed Bricks and a Relief Fragment at Ödemiş Archaeological Museum." Belleten 58, no. 223 (December 1, 1994): 559–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.37879/belleten.1994.559.
Abstract:
Two inscribed bricks Ö. 1485 and Ö. 1486 are in the Archaeological Museum of Ödemiş. The bricks are intact and their faces and upper edges are inscribed. Of the two bricks the one with the inventory number Ö. 1485 can be dated to the reign of Ashurnasirpal II (883-859 BC) and Ö. 1486 to the reign of Shalmaneser III (858-824 BC). Both of the inscribed bricks came from Nimrud-Calah.
19
Bujskikh, Alla, Vsevolod Ivakin, Pavlo Shydlovskyi, and Ivan Zotsenko. "Archaeological Sites During the War: field experience and legal aspect (on the example of the Archaeological Monitoring Expedition works in Kyiv and Kyiv region in 2022)." Vita Antiqua 14 (2023): 36–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.37098/va-2023-14-36-59.
Abstract:
The issue of recording the damage caused to cultural heritage as a result of unprovoked aggression of the Russian Federation is extremely relevant. The process of monitoring the destruction of objects takes place both at the state level and thanks to the activities of civil initiatives. However, at the present stage, the analysis of losses focuses mainly on objects of architecture, monumental art and religious buildings. On the other hand, recording the destruction of archaeological sites, due to certain features, faces significant difficulties. This situation is related to the unrevealed state of the archaeological objects themselves, the detection of which is possible due to significant landscape transformations. Among the main factors that make it difficult to record the loss of archaeological heritage, the following should be mentioned: problems related to the accounting of archeology objects, issues of limited remote and direct access to sites in the de-occupied and front-line territories, immediate risks to life and health when conducting field research. In order to solve problems in the field of documenting damage to the archaeological heritage, representatives of a number of domestic scientific, educational and museum institutions created an interdisciplinary Archaeological Landscapes Monitoring Group, whose task is to record losses at archaeological sites. Currently, the work of the group is carried out in the territories of Kyiv and Chernihiv regions within the framework of the German Archaeological Institute (DAI) project 'Ukrainian Archaeological Heritage, threatened by war: saving and protection'. One of the conclusions obtained during the work of the Group was the understanding of the need for direct field studies of destroyed areas of landscapes, given the limited use of remote methods of studying and the need for production site-protection documentation, which provides for the cultural and chronological attribution of objects. The article provides a brief summary of the Group's work in Kyiv region and analyzes the compliance of monitoring activities with international standards. One of the conclusions of the proposed study is the statement about the need for a long-term state program for compiling the archaeological cadastre of Ukraine. The crisis in the archaeological heritage accounting system and the existing need to record losses in the field of archaeology during the war allows to restart the system of sites registering at a modern level and with the use of international experience. Key words: cultural heritage, archaeological monitoring, recording of damages, war, archaeological landscape, accounting of sites.
20
Stenton, Douglas R., Anne Keenleyside, Diana P. Trepkov, and Robert W. Park. "Faces from the Franklin expedition? Craniofacial reconstructions of two members of the 1845 northwest passage expedition." Polar Record 52, no. 1 (May 28, 2015): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247415000248.
Abstract:
ABSTRACTIn 2013, partial skeletal remains from three members of the 1845 John Franklin expedition were recovered from an archaeological site at Erebus Bay, King William Island, Nunavut. The remains included three crania, two of which were sufficiently intact to allow craniofacial reconstructions. Identifications are not proposed for either reconstruction; however, tentative identifications are being explored through DNA analyses currently underway that include samples obtained from both crania.
21
Minkov, Petar. "Thread Dolls: Bone Heads Belonging to Islamic Rag Dolls in the Collection of the National Archaeological Institute with Museum at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences." Journal of Historical and Archaeological Research, no. 2-3 (December 1, 2023): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.46687/drfi8287.
Abstract:
In the collections of the National Archaeological Institute with Museum at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences are stored four bone objects that are of an extraordinary and unconventional nature. They are anthropomorphic faces made of bone with an elongated irregular rectangular shape (in some places with rounded areas), pointed at one end. The aim of this publication is to present more information on the chronology, interpretation and cultural affiliation of these interesting artefacts. The artefacts were received by NAIM–BAS in the 1980s, with no information available on the circumstances of their acquisition and no receipt from the previous owner. There is no information whatsoever about their original archaeological environment, and whether or not they were acquired as a result of regular archaeological research, or whether they were the subject of unauthorised archaeological activity, such as the illegal trafficking of movable cultural property etc. Based on a brief overview, it can be said that the finds from NAIM–BAS can be attributed to the period of Islamic art generated during the Arab expansion in the lands of the Near East between the 7th–10th/12th centuries. Their interpretation as parts of several rag or dressed dolls is based on the definitions of similar finds from the territories of present-day Israel, Egypt and Palestine. This conclusion is based on the archaeological context in which these objects were found, as well as the hypotheses circulating in scholarly circles regarding their use and place in the daily life of people during this period. Taking into account the geographical area of their distribution, the archaeological context and the anthropomorphic specifics, it can be assumed that the finds from the NAIM–BAS collection are probably of similar origin, interpretation and chronology, although their natural area of manifestation is far removed from the borders of the Bulgarian lands and the European Southeast.
22
Fay, Emily. "Virtual Artifacts." Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 27, no. 4 (September 8, 2011): 449–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043986211418887.
Abstract:
Criminological investigations into the trade in antiquities have mainly focused on the sale of stolen artifacts or looted archaeological material; however, the question of authenticity has received little attention. This article examines the market for antiquities on eBay to investigate the claims made by sellers about the authenticity of artifacts and discusses the complexities of unraveling the fake from the genuine.
23
McLaughlin, RH. "The American archaeological record: authority to dig, power to interpret." International Journal of Cultural Property 7, no. 2 (January 1998): 342–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0940739198770389.
Abstract:
Legal regulation of the archaeological record has played a subtle though instrumental role in the shaping of American anthropology. Most studies of connections between politics and archaeology in analogous contexts have, however, focused on nationalisms and the popular political orchestration of archaeology. This paper grounds an analysis of the American case in legal apparatuses, disciplinary changes in anthropology, and a shift in the expression of American nationalism between the Antiquities Act of 1906 and the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act of 1990. The article argues that archaeology has attained broader social significance as archaeologists now consult native peoples in the practice of archaeology. Though archaeology remains a politicized science it has become a more broadly negotiated one and the historical and cultural issues it faces may yet find resolution through laws and responsive disciplinary practices that envision a society enhanced by cultural difference.
24
Berdnikova, N. E., and E. A. Lipnina. "Faces of the Irkutsk School of Archaeology: Mikhail Mikhailovich Gerasimov." Bulletin of the Irkutsk State University. Geoarchaeology, Ethnology, and Anthropology Series 41 (2022): 6–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2227-2380.2022.41.6.
Abstract:
Mikhail Gerasimov, a well-known Soviet anthropologist, the creator of a unique method of plastic reconstruction of the face from the skull, was born on September 15, 1907 in St. Petersburg. In 1912, the Gerasimov family moved to Irkutsk, where his father received the post of doctor of the Irkutsk resettlement center. Irkutsk, as the capital of the vast Siberian region from the Yenisei to the Pacific Ocean, had a multifaceted socio-cultural life. In 1851, a department of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society was organized in Irkutsk as the first scientific organization to study all aspects of the nature, history, and peoples of Siberia. In 1918 Irkutsk University was opened, which became the main center of scientific and educational activities. With Irkutsk are connected the discoveries of the first Paleolithic site, the first Neolithic burial ground, the first multilayered site in Russia. At Irkutsk University, Berngard Petri created the multidisciplinary Irkutsk School of Archaeology (Paleoethnology). Mikhail Gerasimov was formed as a researcher in the system of this school, where he received archaeological, anthropological, geological, and paleontological training. He made the first face reconstructions from the skull in 1927 and 1929. The archaeological activity of Mikhail Gerasimov relates to Irkutsk, where he was engaged in research of Stone Age campsites and burials. It distinguishes two periods: pre-war (1919–1937) and post-war (1956–1960). He studied burials in Irkutsk and its vicinity, as well as at the mouth of the Selenga River, participated in excavations of the Paleolithic site Verkholenskaya Gora, discovered the Paleolithic site Pereselenchenskii Punkt in Irkutsk, the multilayered site Ust-Belaya, and a number of Stone Age campsites in Khabarovsk. His biggest achievement was the discovery and excavation of the Malta Paleolithic site with unique dwelling complexes and bone sculptures. The socio-political situation in the country forced Mikhail Gerasimov in 1937 to engage in physical anthropology to develop and implement the method of reconstruction of the face from the skull. Archaeology has faded into the background. Mikhail Gerasimov was able to return to Irkutsk for the excavations of Malta, Ust-Belaya, Fofanovo burial ground in 1956–1960. In the process of these works, under his influence, a team of young archaeologists was formed at the Irkutsk State University, which made up a new generation of the Irkutsk School of Archaeology.
25
Onofrei, Cosmin, and Zsolt Csók. "Cohors I Aelia Gaesatorum in a Latin inscription found at Bologa Medieval Castle." Acta Musei Napocensis 56 (December 12, 2019): 205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.54145/actamn.i.56.11.
Abstract:
Over the course of 2018 the extended archaeological excavations at the site of the medieval fortress of Bologa unveiled multiple areas of interest that are the target of a rehabilitation and cultural valorization process. Amid the large slabs and carved stone blocks emerged a fragment of a Roman altar, having on one of its faces a part of a Latin inscription. The fragment is most likely the lower third of the monument, featuring a clean stone workmanship.
26
Schrott, P., Á. Detrekői, and K. Fekete. "PHOTOGRAMMETRIC NETWORK FOR EVALUATION OF HUMAN FACES FOR FACE RECONSTRUCTION PURPOSE." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XXXIX-B3 (August 1, 2012): 549–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xxxix-b3-549-2012.
Abstract:
Facial reconstruction is the process of reconstructing the geometry of faces of persons from skeletal remains. A research group (<i>BME Cooperation Research Center for Biomechanics</i>) was formed representing several organisations to combine knowledgebases of different disciplines like anthropology, medical, mechanical, archaeological sciences etc. to computerize the face reconstruction process based on a large dataset of 3D face and skull models gathered from living persons: cranial data from CT scans and face models from photogrammetric evaluations. The BUTE Dept. of Photogrammetry and Geoinformatics works on the method and technology of the 3D data acquisition for the face models. In this paper we will present the research and results of the photogrammetric network design, the modelling to deal with visibility constraints, and the investigation of the developed basic photogrammetric configuration to specify the result characteristics to be expected using the device built for the photogrammetric face measurements.
27
Trąbska, Joanna, and Barbara Trybalska. "True and fake red layers on the objects from archaeological and historical context: microscopic observations." Geology, Geophysics & Environment 40, no. 2 (2014): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.7494/geol.2014.40.2.241.
28
Boukas, Nikolaos. "“Young faces in old places”: perceptions of young cultural visitors for the archaeological site of Delphi." Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development 2, no. 2 (October 26, 2012): 164–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/20441261211273653.
29
Karapanagiotis, Ioannis. "A Review on the Archaeological Chemistry of Shellfish Purple." Sustainability 11, no. 13 (June 29, 2019): 3595. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11133595.
Abstract:
Shellfish purple, also known as Tyrian purple and royal purple, has a long history, which has been revealed and documented in recent years through valid physicochemical studies using sophisticated techniques. The aim of the work was to summarize the conclusions of these studies and to describe the results of two unpublished investigations regarding the (i) identification of shellfish purple in a textile (4th century BCE) from ancient Macedonia and (ii) dramatic effect of the dyeing conditions on the composition of the purple dye. Moreover, a critical discussion is included about the discovery of the shellfish pigment and dye based on the available scientific evidence. Previously published reports describing the identification of the shellfish colorant in objects of the cultural heritage were carefully summarized. Shellfish purple was not used only as colorant, but it served other purposes as emphasized in this review. In particular, examples for the use of shellfish purple in medicine, grave goods and fillers and plasters in walls, were described. Examples of materials and methods that were used in the past to produce “fake” purple, imitating the aesthetic result of the valuable royal marine material were summarized. Finally, the solubility of indigoids was discussed using modern approaches of physical chemistry.
30
Arnold, Bettina. "Gender, Temporalities, and Periodization in Early Iron Age West-Central Europe." Social Science History 36, no. 1 (2012): 85–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200010385.
Abstract:
Archaeological chronologies tend to conflate temporalities from all cultural contexts in a region without consideration for the different depositional trajectories and life histories of the objects that serve as the basis of those chronologies. Social variables, such as gender, age, status, and individual mobility, act on artifacts in ways that must be identified and differentiated in order for seriations derived from one context to be applicable in another. This article presents evidence from early Iron Age contexts in Southwest Germany to illustrate this phenomenon and discusses its ramifications from the perspective of a case study focusing on the mortuary landscape of the Heuneburg hillfort on the Danube River. Gender in particular is strongly marked in this society and can be shown to affect the depositional tempo of certain artifact categories, which have different social lives and depositional fates depending on context. Artifact assemblages vary not only in terms of archaeological context and temporality but also are impacted by the social personae of the human agents responsible for, or associated with, their deposition.
31
Brundle, Lisa. "Human faces with pointed ears: exploring lycanthropy in Early Anglo-Saxon England." Anglo-Saxon Studies in Archaeology and History 22 (2020): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32028/9781789697865-2.
Abstract:
In Early Anglo-Saxon England, Style I anthropomorphic and zoomorphic motifs played a key role in shaping identity and communicating ideas in a non-literate society. While the zoomorphic designs are well discussed, the meaning of the human element of Style I remains underexplored. This paper addresses this imbalance by examining a rare and overlooked group of anthropomorphic images: human faces with small, pointed ears depicted on fifth- to sixth-century female dress fittings recovered from archaeological contexts in eastern England. This paper identifies quadrupedal creatures as a stylistic parallel within the menagerie of Style I, including equine, lupine and porcine creatures. Although it is difficult to identify the character/s depicted with ears, there are notable affinities between the anthropomorphic masculine face with pointed ears and the ancient Germanic practice of warriors donning wolf and bear pelts. The facial motif with pointed ears appears on feminine metalwork within East Anglia, the historic region of the sixth-century Wuffingas (Little Wolf) dynasty – Wuffa being Wolf and the -ingas suffix meaning ‘people/descendants of Wuffa’. This paper explores this rare design with contextual information from pictorial and historical texts of shapeshifting and considers the relationship between this motif, the object, and the wearer/user.
32
Ferrand, Ezgi Akpinar, Nicholas P. Dunning, David L. Lentz, and John G. Jones. "USE OF AGUADAS AS WATER MANAGEMENT SOURCES IN TWO SOUTHERN MAYA LOWLAND SITES." Ancient Mesoamerica 23, no. 1 (2012): 85–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956536112000065.
Abstract:
AbstractAguadas, either natural or human-made ponds, were significant sources of water for the ancient Maya. Aguadas are common features in the Maya Lowlands and make valuable locations for collecting archaeological and paleoenvironmental data. This article discusses research conducted at four aguadas around two adjacent Maya sites, San Bartolo and Xultun in Peten, Guatemala. Both San Bartolo and Xultun were established during the Preclassic period. However, the fates of the two sites differed, as Xultun continued to prosper while the city of San Bartolo was abandoned near the close of the Late Preclassic period. We argue that aguadas provide important clues for understanding the fate of these two ancient communities and many others in the Maya Lowlands.
33
AlAsaad, Shaza. "THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE OF PALMYRA BEFORE AND AFTER THE WAR IN SYRIA." Археология Евразийских степей, no. 3 (July 27, 2021): 298–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.24852/2587-6112.2021.3.298.306.
Abstract:
In the article there is example of the ancient Syrian city of Palmyra, the article examines the problems of loss and preservation of the world historical, cultural, archaeological and architectural heritage in the context of modern local military confl icts. During the periods of Antiquity and the middle Ages, a complex of monuments, unique in composition and size, was formed here, combining ancient Eastern, Roman, Byzantine and Arab elements. During the ongoing acute armed confl ict in Syria, because of the purposeful actions of religious terrorist-extremist organizations, defi ned by the author as an "international historian of cultural terrorism", hesuffered catastrophic damage. An analysis of the scale of this damage, as well as the effectiveness of the efforts of the Syrian authorities, international organizations and the world community, shows that the preservation and restoration of Palmyra's heritage is possible because of painstaking, complex, joint work of all interested parties. Thus, the example of Palmyra showed the military confl icts in the Middle East, along with the actual destruction of entire states, the death of a huge number of people, the economic crisis, millions of refugees, was an attack on the heritage of ancient civilizations, which caused unprecedented loss of world cultural heritage in modern history. Now the world community faces a long and comprehensive joint effort to determine the damage, restore, and prevent further destruction and looting of the cultural heritage of Palmyra and Syria.
34
Mantovani, Luciana, Mario Tribaudino, and Grazia Facchinetti. "A mineralogical approach to the authentication of an archaeological artefact: Real ancient bronze from Roman Age or fake?" Journal of Cultural Heritage 21 (September 2016): 876–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2016.04.002.
35
Bevan, Andrew. "The data deluge." Antiquity 89, no. 348 (December 2015): 1473–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2015.102.
Abstract:
Archaeology has wandered into exciting but daunting territory. It faces floods of new evidence about the human past that are largely digital, frequently spatial, increasingly open and often remotely sensed. The resulting terrain is littered, both with data that are wholly new and data that were long known about but previously considered junk. This paper offers an overview of this diluvian information landscape and aims to foster debate about its wider disciplinary impact. In particular, I would argue that its consequences: a) go well beyond the raw challenges of digital data archiving or manipulation and should reconfigure our analytical agendas; b) can legitimately be read for both utopian and dystopian disciplinary futures; and c) re-expose some enduring tensions between archaeological empiricism, comparison and theory-building.
36
Vanezis, Maria, and Peter Vanezis. "Cranio-Facial Reconstruction in Forensic Identification — Historical Development and a Review of Current Practice." Medicine, Science and the Law 40, no. 3 (July 2000): 197–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002580240004000303.
Abstract:
Cranio-facial reconstruction has its origins in the 19th century, initially to recreate and ‘bring back to life’ the faces of the rich and the famous. Since then, over the last 100 years, there have been various methods used to produce reconstructions for forensic identification as well as for historical or archaeological purposes. These range from the traditional sculpting methods to those based on up-to-date computer technology. When no other method of identification is available in skeletalized, badly mutilated or decomposing remains, forensic craniofacial reconstruction may be employed to produce a face which it is hoped will trigger recognition and thus lead to a positive identification. This paper discusses the role that cranio-facial reconstruction may play in identification and its limitations.
37
Al Ajlouni, Rima, and Petr Justa. "Reconstruction of Eroded and Visually Complicated Archaeological Geometric Patterns: Minaret Choli, Iraq." Geoinformatics FCE CTU 6 (December 21, 2011): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/gi.6.3.
Abstract:
Visually complicated patterns can be found in many cultural heritages of the world. Islamic geometric patterns present us with one example of such visually complicated archaeological ornaments. As long-lived artifacts, these patterns have gone through many phases of construction, damage, and repair and are constantly subject to erosion and vandalism. The task of reconstructing these visually complicated ornaments faces many practical challenges. The main challenge is posed by the fact that archaeological reality often deals with ornaments that are broken, incomplete or hidden. Recognizing faint traces of eroded or missing parts proved to be an extremely difficult task. This is also combined with the need for specialized knowledge about the mathematical rules of patterns’ structure, in order to regenerate the missing data. This paper presents a methodology for reconstructing deteriorated Islamic geometric patterns; to predict the features that are not observed and output a complete reconstructed two-dimension accurate measurable model. The simulation process depends primarily on finding the parameters necessary to predict information, at other locations, based on the relationships embedded in the existing data and in the prior -knowledge of these relations. The aim is to build up from the fragmented data and from the historic and general knowledge, a model of the reconstructed object. The proposed methodology was proven to be successful in capturing the accurate structural geometry of many of the deteriorated ornaments on the Minaret Choli, Iraq. However, in the case of extremely deteriorated samples, the proposed methodology failed to recognize the correct geometry. The conceptual framework proposed by this paper can serve as a platform for developing professional tools for fast and efficient results.
38
Mäesalu, Ain. "The Artistic Papsaare Macehead – Weapon or Symbol of Power?" Baltic Journal of Art History 13 (October 9, 2017): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/bjah.2017.13.05.
Abstract:
The article provides a survey of an archaeological find from 2016 –a macehead of moulded bronze found in the village of Papsaare inPärnu County. Human faces are depicted on two opposite side of themiddle section with hemispheres between them that are separatedby grooves into six “leaves”.Maceheads with images of humans are extremely rare in Europe.Until now, only one macehead with a man’s face was known to existfrom Sweden, and another from Norway. A macehead with the fullfigures of two clerics was found in Finby, on the Åland Islands. ThePapsaare macehead was apparently produced in the second half ofthe 12th century or the 13th century somewhere in northern Europe. Itwas probably the power symbol of a noble or military leader, whichcould also be used as a weapon if necessary.
39
Doménech-Carbó, Antonio, María Teresa Doménech-Carbó, Monserrat Lastras Pérez, and Miquel Herrero-Cortell. "Detection of archaeological forgeries of Iberian lead plates using nanoelectrochemical techniques. The lot of fake plates from Bugarra (Spain)." Forensic Science International 247 (February 2015): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.12.001.
40
Valkov, I. A. "Bracelet from an Elunino burial at the Teleut Vzvoz-I site." VESTNIK ARHEOLOGII, ANTROPOLOGII I ETNOGRAFII, no. 1(48) (March 2, 2020): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.20874/2071-0437-2020-48-1-1.
Abstract:
The article studies a stone bead bracelet found in an Early Bronze Age burial of the Elunino archaeological culture during the excavation of the Teleut Vzvoz-I burial ground (heterogeneous in time) in the south of Western Siberia (Forest-Steppe Altai). According to a series of calibrated radiocarbon dates, the Elunino burial ground at the Teleut Vzvoz-I site was used in the 22nd–18th centuries BC. The artefact under study was found in double burial No. 16 of the indicated burial ground, on the wrist of an adult (gender is not established). The bracelet in-cludes 66 stone beads, as well as one stone base. This piece of jewellery is unique in terms of technique, as well as the sacral meaning embedded in it. The ornament found on the beads bears no analogies to those discovered in the well-known Bronze Age archaeological sites of Western and Eastern Siberia. The present publication con-siders the morphological and raw material characteristics of the bracelet, as well as the specifics of its production and use. In this study, trace analysis was performed, i.e. the analysis of macro- and micro-traces left on the sur-face of the item as a result of its production and subsequent use. All traces were examined using an MBS-10 stereoscopic microscope at a magnification of ×16–56. It was found that some of the beads in the bracelet were made of serpentinite. The nearest sources of this stone are at least 250–300 km away from Teleut Vzvoz-I. The beads are made by counter-drilling, drilling of blind holes, polishing and grinding. This find is unique due to orna-mental compositions found on several beads in the form of oblique notches on side faces. The extremely small size of the beads (average diameter of 3.3 mm; average thickness of 1.4 mm) makes the pattern invisible to the naked eye. Thus, it is concluded that the ornament had a sacred meaning, and the bracelet itself served as an amulet. Despite no finds of ornamented bracelets dating back to the Bronze Age in Western Siberia and adjacent territories, typologically the bracelet bears analogies to the antiquities of the Okunevo culture, the Yamna cultural and historical community, as well as in the materials of the Bronze Age archaeological site of Gonur Depe (Turk-menistan). The study of the bracelet demonstrates the relevance of performing trace analysis of such items from other archaeological sites.
41
Simou, Sana, Khadija Baba, and Abderrahman Nounah. "Synergizing multi-criteria diagnosis for safeguarding cultural heritage and the restoration of vanished legacy: A historical exploration in science, technology, and archaeology." History of science and technology 13, no. 2 (December 23, 2023): 399–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.32703/2415-7422-2023-13-2-399-418.
Abstract:
The urgent need to preserve cultural heritage is starkly evident in contemporary society, particularly poignant in Morocco where its rich cultural legacy faces unprecedented threats. The rapid forces of urbanization and relentless economic development have converged, resulting in the alarming devaluation and irreversible degradation of a substantial portion of this invaluable heritage. Within this disconcerting backdrop, certain remarkable vestiges have managed to endure the ravages of time. One such exemplar is the Marinid Madrasa, an architectural marvel from the 4th century, nestled within the Chellah archaeological site in Rabat, Morocco. Beyond its physical grandeur, the Madrasa plays a pivotal role as a conduit between the past and the future, facilitating the transmission of cultural heritage to generations yet unborn. This paper embarks on a multidisciplinary journey, employing advanced techniques such as terrestrial photogrammetry, numerical modeling, and specialized archaeological characterization, to undertake comprehensive diagnostic study processes. The convergence of these diverse methodologies lays a robust foundation for a holistic diagnostic study. This endeavor serves not only academic curiosity but becomes the cornerstone upon which strategies for compatible conservation and restoration interventions are erected. In the intricate interplay between historical preservation and the imperatives of progress, these methodologies form a bridge. This bridge links the architectural magnificence of the Madrasa with the imperatives of safeguarding it in a rapidly changing world. The ultimate aspiration of this multidisciplinary approach is twofold: to ensure the enduring protection of the Marinid Madrasa and other archaeological remnants against the erosive forces of time and urban development, and to forge a narrative that sensitively navigates the challenges posed by preserving cultural heritage in the face of modernity. In this endeavor, advanced technologies are interwoven with a profound recognition of the historical, social, and cultural significance of these sites, ultimately charting a course that not only conserves architectural brilliance but also honors the profound stories they encapsulate across the epochs.
42
Flexner, James L. "Degrowth and a sustainable future for archaeology." Archaeological Dialogues 27, no. 2 (November 13, 2020): 159–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1380203820000203.
Abstract:
AbstractIt is increasingly acknowledged that 21st-century archaeology faces serious challenges from a variety of directions, ranging from the theoretical to the practical. Above all, the discipline’s entanglement with capitalism, capitalist ideologies and capitalist institutions is simply unsustainable. The concept of degrowth involves a reconceptualization of archaeology’s possible future(s) in terms of a withdrawal from capitalism and an emphasis on collective and caring praxis looking towards both a sustainable future and the possibilities of the immediate present. A degrowth approach to archaeology can provide a useful supplement to existing critiques and proposed alternatives to current practices. Degrowth proposals such as reorienting economic behaviours towards cooperative, convivial and dépense (communal use of surplus) activities while freeing people to pursue work they find meaningful have potential applications in archaeological practice that address some of the problems currently facing the discipline.
43
Melnyk, Viktor. "The VI Century eastern roman empire: Steppe allies, western turks, and herat war." Revista Amazonia Investiga 14, no. 75 (March 30, 2024): 89–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/ai/2024.75.03.8.
Abstract:
The subject of the Herat War and the Ctesiphon Peace Treaty of 591 is relevant since it reveals important aspects of the political, economic and military history. These events had a significant impact on the fates of the Byzantine Empire, the Persian Empire, and the Chinese Khaganate. The study of these events provides a more comprehensive understanding of the complex interrelationships and dynamics of Eastern politics. The academic paper also attempts to summarize the facts on the history of the “Herat War” of 589 from the standpoint of geopolitical analysis. This study involves analyzing historical sources including chronicles and archaeological data to reconstruct events and assess their consequences. The interpretation and analysis of documents and written sources of the time is also an important aspect in order to understand the motives and strategies of the parties involved in the events.
44
Costa Vaz, Filipe, João Pedro Tereso, Paulo Pinho Lemos, and Paula Barreira Abranches. "Estudo arqueobotânico do Castro de Cidadelhe (Mesão Frio): resultados preliminares." Estudos do Quaternário / Quaternary Studies, no. 15 (December 21, 2016): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.30893/eq.v0i15.133.
Abstract:
No âmbito das intervenções arqueológicas no Castro de Cidadelhe (Mesão Frio) decorridas entre outubro e dezembro de 2013, foram recolhidas 14 amostras sedimentares com o objetivo de serem analisadas nas suas componentes antracológica e carpológica. A área amostrada – sondagem 1 - localiza-se junto à principal linha de muralha do povoado e abrange duas fases de ocupação do povoado: a mais antiga (Fase I) prévia à ocupação do sitio, e a mais recente (Fase II) em plena ocupação romana.Apesar das limitações impostas pela pequena dimensão de área escavada, foi possível identificar duas fases distintas de cobertura vegetal ambas com forte influência antrópica. Na fase mais antiga, identificou-se um ambiente constituído por fetos e espécies herbáceas associadas a ambientes ruderais e infestantes de campos de cultivo, pontuadas por carvalhos caducifólios e perenifólios. O segundo momento (Fase II) remete para cultivos cerealíferos (trigo vestido e milho-miúdo) e para recolhas de lenha de espécies silvestres assim como para eventuais práticas de silvicultura refletidas na presença de castanheiro, figueira, nogueira e videira no mesmo contexto arqueológico.
From October to December 2013, several soil samples were recovered during the archaeological excavations of the settlement of Cidadelhe (Mesão Frio, Northern Portugal) in order to undergo archaeobotanical analysis. These samples are originated from two separate groups of contexts: one prior to the construction of the settlement’s wall (Phase 1 – 8th to the 9th century BC) and the remaining in the reinforced buttress of the wall, built during the Roman period (Phase II).Despite the reduced excavation area, this archaeobotanical study allowed the identification of two distinct ecological moments, both with strong anthropic influences and closely related to the archaeological phases recorded on site. The first and older phase, prior to the construction of the wall, refers to an environment with the presence of herbaceous ruderal species, ferns, deciduous and evergreen oaks. The second phase heavily contrasts with the latter, with the presence of a much wider range of species such as cereals (emmer and broomcorn millet) and a set of species (chestnut, walnut, fig tree and vine tree) which strongly infer their active cultivation.
45
Novák, Vlastimil. "Fragment of an Ottoman forged gold coin found near the train station Louny předměstí. Notes to forging activities focused on the Ottoman gold sultani during the Thirty Years War." Numismatické listy 72, no. 3-4 (2017): 155–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nl-2017-0014.
Abstract:
In 2016, one half of a copper gilded coin was found single near the train station Louny předměstí (Louny district). Its prototype corresponds with an Ottoman gold denomination sultani struck under the Sultan Suleyman I (AH 926–974/AD 1520–1566). The name of the ruler and his father were identified, but the enthronization date and the mint-name are located out of the preserved area. The ED XRF analysis confirmed solid copper basis and process of gilding in fire. With high probability, the fake is connected with serious need of gold during the Thirty Years War (and the period closely after that), and it is very likely of the local (Central European) provenance. Bohemian, Moravian and Hungarian contexts of forging activities during the Thirty Years War are analyzed, relevant archaeological and numismatic evidence is summarized.
46
Larson, Evan R., Lane B. Johnson, Thomas C. Wilding, Kalina M. Hildebrandt, Kurt F. Kipfmueller, and Lee R. Johnson. "Faces in the Wilderness: a New Network of Crossdated Culturally-Modified Red Pine in the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness of Northern Minnesota, USA." Human Ecology 47, no. 5 (October 2019): 747–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10745-019-00109-4.
Abstract:
Abstract New dates from culturally modified red pine rediscovered in the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness in northern Minnesota provide an opportunity to merge tree-ring records of human land use with archaeological records, historical travel accounts, and traditional knowledge to enhance understanding of Anishinaabeg land tenure in the Wilderness. Records from 244 culturally modified trees (CMTs) demonstrate varying intensities of human use along historical water routes, notably the Border Route that connected Grand Portage to Rainy Lake and Lake of the Woods during the North American fur trade. Crossdated modification years from 119 CMTs provide direct evidence of human-landscape interaction along historical travel routes utilized by Anishinaabeg and Euro-American traders from the mid-1700s to the early 1900s. This CMT network preserves a fading biological record of fur-trade-era cultural history that contributes to a growing cross-cultural conversation on the storied traditional use of a cultural landscape that is now the most visited federal wilderness area in the United States.
47
McCormick, Michael, Ulf Büntgen, Mark A. Cane, Edward R. Cook, Kyle Harper, Peter Huybers, Thomas Litt, et al. "Climate Change during and after the Roman Empire: Reconstructing the Past from Scientific and Historical Evidence." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 43, no. 2 (August 2012): 169–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jinh_a_00379.
Abstract:
Growing scientific evidence from modern climate science is loaded with implications for the environmental history of the Roman Empire and its successor societies. The written and archaeological evidence, although richer than commonly realized, is unevenly distributed over time and space. A first synthesis of what the written records and multiple natural archives (multi-proxy data) indicate about climate change and variability across western Eurasia from c. 100 b.c. to 800 a.d. confirms that the Roman Empire rose during a period of stable and favorable climatic conditions, which deteriorated during the Empire's third-century crisis. A second, briefer period of favorable conditions coincided with the Empire's recovery in the fourth century; regional differences in climate conditions parallel the diverging fates of the eastern and western Empires in subsequent centuries. Climate conditions beyond the Empire's boundaries also played an important role by affecting food production in the Nile valley, and by encouraging two major migrations and invasions of pastoral peoples from Central Asia.
48
Hammond, N. G. L. "The location of Aegeae." Journal of Hellenic Studies 117 (November 1997): 177–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/632555.
Abstract:
In AJA xcviii (1994) 609-16, F.B. Faklaris discussed the location of Aegeae, founded by the first Temenid king of the Macedonians and famous thereafter as the burial-place of the Macedonian kings (Pliny NH iv 33 ‘Aegeae in quo sepeliri mos reges’). He located it at Kopanos and not at Vergina, where I had put it in 1968. The geographical difference between the two sites is considerable. Kopanos is east of Mt. Bermion, and being some 19 km south of Edessa and 5 km east of Naoussa, it looks towards the plain of Pella. Vergina lies at the northern end of the Olympus massif, which consists of the Pierian mountains and Mt. Olympus; and it faces the Haliacmon and the western end of the plain. The choice between the two sites is to be determined by the interpretation of the literary evidence and by the ongoing flow of the archaeological discoveries.
49
Heffron, Yağmur. "Paraphernalia of Funerary Display at Kaneš." Altorientalische Forschungen 47, no. 1 (August 5, 2020): 91–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aofo-2020-0006.
Abstract:
AbstractThe Hittite royal funerary ritual šalliš waštaiš prescribes gold pieces to be placed on the eyes and mouth of the deceased. This is consistent with the manner in which thin sheets of hammered gold are reported to have been found on the faces of occupants of in-house graves in the Lower Town of Kültepe, ancient Kaneš. Mouth-pieces of unmistakable similarity have also turned up in great numbers in Late Bronze Age graves on Cyprus, most notably at Enkomi. Beyond comparison with the šalliš waštaiš text, gold eye- and mouth-pieces from Kaneš have received little attention. This contribution offers the first comprehensive study of these objects specifically as a class of funerary paraphernalia. It provides a catalogue and typology of gold sheets, and explores their archaeological context before turning to their social and symbolic significance against the backdrop of the cosmopolitan Kanešean households. The discussion considers hybridity in terms of a compatibility between funerary practices across different cultural settings, also noting chronological implications.
50
Pojoh, Ingrid H. E., Dian Sulistyowati, Arie Nugraha, and Dicky Caesario. "Sistem Informasi Arkeologi: Pangkalan Data Berbasis Daring Untuk Perekaman Data Artefak Tembikar Dan Keramik di Kawasan Percandian Muarajambi." AMERTA 33, no. 2 (November 30, 2015): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.24832/amt.v33i2.216.
Abstract:
Abstract. Archaeological Information System: Network-based Data Resource for Recording Pottery and Ceramic Artifacts Data in Muarajambi Temples. Archaeological data recording activitystill faces many problems related to the accessibility and availability of an integrated data recording system. Database system is one of the many other solutions to solve the problem. Data management and database content-making have shown integration between two different knowledge that created an instrument for data recording based on network, which is a way to communicate where messages are delivered online. For users, this application can be a media for doing research. As for the filler, this database system becomes a data recording instrument which works effectively and efficiently. Forstudents, this database system can also help to increase the analysis ability. This activity focuses on making a network-based database system for pottery and ceramic artifacts from Muarajambi temples. Abstrak. Kegiatan perekaman data arkeologi sampai sekarang masih menjadi permasalahan tersendiri baik dari segi keterbukaan informasi maupun ketersediaan sarana perekaman data yang terintegrasi. Sistem pangkalan data merupakan salah satu pemecahan mengenai permasalahantersebut. Manajemen data dan pembuatan konten pangkalan data menunjukan integrasi dari dua ilmu yang berbeda sehingga dapat menghasilkan suatu instrumen perekaman data berbasis dalam jaringan (daring), yaitu suatu cara berkomunikasi yang penyampaian dan penerimaan pesan dilakukan dengan atau melalui jaringan internet. Untuk pengguna, aplikasi ini dapat berfungsi sebagai wadah untukmelakukan penjajakan dalam rangka melakukan penelitian. Untuk pengisi, pangkalan data ini merupakan salah satu instrumen perekaman data yang dapat menghemat waktu dan tenaga. Untuk mahasiswa, pangkalan data ini juga merupakan sarana pembelajaran untuk mempertajam kemampuananalisis. Kegiatan ini berfokus pada pembuatan sistem pangkalan data berbasis daring untuk temuantemuantembikar dan keramik yang ditemukan di Kawasan Percandian Muarajambi.