Academic literature on the topic 'Archaeological chemistry'

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Journal articles on the topic "Archaeological chemistry"

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Rice, Prudence M., Curt W. Beck, Robert F. Gould, Giles F. Carter, Joseph B. Lambert, M. Joan Comstock, and Zvi Goffer. "Archaeological Chemistry." American Antiquity 52, no. 1 (January 1987): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/281079.

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Lambert, Joseph B. "Archaeological Chemistry." Accounts of Chemical Research 35, no. 8 (August 2002): 583–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ar020159b.

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Grieken, Van, and M. Adriaens. "Archaeological chemistry." Analytica Chimica Acta 338, no. 1-2 (February 1997): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-2670(97)85325-1.

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Thomas, Jacob, Louis J. Thibodeaux, Ann F. Ramenofsky, Stephen P. Field, Bob J. Miller, and Ann M. Whitmer. "Archaeological chemistry." Environmental Science & Technology 22, no. 5 (May 1988): 480–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00170a001.

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Green, Christopher. "Archaeological chemistry." Endeavour 20, no. 3 (January 1996): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0160-9327(96)88971-x.

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Burton, James H. "Archaeological chemistry." Geoarchaeology 12, no. 5 (August 1997): 497–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1520-6548(199708)12:5<497::aid-gea4>3.0.co;2-v.

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Oddy, W. A., and Joseph B. Lambert. "Archaeological Chemistry III." Studies in Conservation 30, no. 1 (February 1985): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1506135.

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Scott, David A., and Ralph O. Allen. "Archaeological Chemistry IV." Studies in Conservation 35, no. 3 (August 1990): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1506172.

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Stech, Tamara, and Joseph B. Lambert. "Archaeological Chemistry 3." American Journal of Archaeology 89, no. 2 (April 1985): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/504338.

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Burton, James H. "Archaeological Chemistry. Zvi Goffer." Journal of Anthropological Research 65, no. 1 (April 2009): 119–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/jar.65.1.25608156.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Archaeological chemistry"

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Edwards, Robert. "The chemistry of tin and lead archaeological artefacts." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366456.

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The present work explores the long term corrosion phenomena of lead and tin in saline and other conditions. Thermodynamic results are presented for the minerals abhurite, blixite, mendipite, paralaurionite, stannite and the compounds Pb706Cl2.2H20 and Sn30(OH)2S04 at 298.2K and P = 105 Pa. At this temperature laurionite is stable, rather than its dimorph, paralaurionite, and mendipite is in fact metastable, being thermodynamically stable above 29 0 C. Kinetic influences are significant with respect to the sequence of formation of solid phases in the PbO - H20 - HCl system, and these have been elucidated for some important reactions. Penfieldite and fiedlerite appear to be metastable at all temperatures at 105 Pa. These results have been used to develop a model for the formation of lead(II) oxy- and hydroxy- chloride phases that are known as minerals and as corrosion products of lead-containing artefacts. The effect of C02 on the system is also discussed. A new synthesis of sn30(OH)2S04 is described, and its stability constant in aqueous solution has been determined by direct ~easurement of the activities of Sn2+ and s04 2- using ion selective electrodes. The true formula·of abhurite is Sn2l06(OH)14Cl16' which corresponds to a synthetic phase of known crystal structure. The results have been used to assess the relative stabilities of these compounds in the natural environment and their modes of occurrence in relation to other secondary Sn(II) and Sn(IV) species. Finally, some divalent metal hexahydroxystannates have been made, and their role in the corrosion of tin and its alloys assessed. The electrochemical oxidation of stannite has been studied and some correlation has been made between the supergene minerals formed and solution chemistry.
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Walton, Marc Sebastian. "A materials chemistry investigation of archaeological lead glazes." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:eb3eb473-d434-4f45-ac78-03b6f6de3649.

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In this thesis, the fabrication technology of Roman lead glazes were examined using a number of materials science techniques: namely, electron probe microanalysis, X-ray diffraction, and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. The overall aim of this work was to discern particular technological styles for a wide group of lead glazes by quantifying the chemical and microstructural features of glaze production. Using experimental replication, it was found that two basic methods of glazing could be identified chemically. When applying PbO alone to an earthenware ceramic, the resulting glaze was in equilibrium with the ceramic as indicated by flat compositional profiles obtained along the glaze cross-section. However, when applying PbO·SiO2 mixtures to earthenware ceramics, gradient profiles indicative of diffusive mass transfer were obtained from the glaze cross-section. On the basis of these chemical criteria, these two methods of glazing were identified in archaeological material. It has been determined that the earliest lead glazes from Anatolia and Italy (approximately 1st century B.C.) were made using PbO·SiO2 mixtures applied to calcareous clays with Fe and Cu oxides added as colourants. Later production (post 2nd century A.D.), seems to have employed PbO alone applied to non-calcareous clays with no intentionally added colourants. The Roman production of lead glazes was compared to both those of Late Antiquity (4th – 10th centuries A.D.) which continued to use PbO applied to non-calcareous clays, and to those of Byzantine and Islamic contexts (8th – 14th centuries A.D.) which seem to have used PbO·SiO2 mixtures applied to both calcareous and non-calcareous clays. It is also argued that the technological features of the Byzantine and Islamic glaze production shared more in common with the contemporary Chinese lead glazing tradition (the Sancai wares of the 7th century A.D.) which also used PbO·SiO2 mixtures applied to non-calcareous clays, than with the Late Antique glazing tradition.
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Hodgins, Gregory W. L. "Investigating methods of identifying pre-Renaissance artists' paints and glues." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310530.

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Corr, Lorna T. "The evaluation of a multi-proxy stable isotope approach to palaeodietary reconstruction." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/c9c5dd7c-7d55-4b9b-aa77-0f93dcbe9420.

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Lanehart, Rheta E. "Patterns of Consumption: Ceramic Residue Analysis at Liangchengzhen, Shandong, China." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5858.

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The purpose of this thesis was to identify the different patterns of food consumption across space and time at Liangchengzhen, a Longshan (ca. 2600-1900 B.C.) site located in Shandong Province, China. The primary hypothesis of the research contended that evidence of increasing social inequality with respect to food consumption would be found from early to late phases at Liangchengzhen. In addition, rice and meat from mammals, especially pigs, were hypothesized as the most likely types of prestigious foods for daily and ritual activities. Fish and marine foods in general were hypothesized to be foods that average households could obtain since Liangchengzhen was close to the sea and would not have as high a value as mammal meat. Pottery was sampled from Early Phase storage/trash and ritual pits as well as Late Phase storage/trash and ritual pits located in Excavation Area One. Pottery types included ding and guan, hypothesized for cooking meat, and yan, hypothesized for steaming vegetables and grains. Lipid residue analysis was performed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GCMS) to quantify the amount of C15 and C17 alkane peaks in the pottery and compare these quantities to the amount of C15 and C17 alkane peaks in terrestrial and marine food reference sources. Results indicated that socially valued food consumption transitioned from marine food sources in the early phase ritual pits to rice and pig in the late phase ritual pits. Millet and plant residues were consistently present in storage/trash pits from both early and late phases. Findings also indicated that the use of pottery types for cooking were not limited to one source, i.e., marine, rice, millet and plant residues were found in all pottery types while pig residues were found in ding and yan pottery. Results of the lipid residue analysis provide partial support of increasing social inequality with respect to food consumption from early to late phases at Liangchengzhen, The findings from the lipid residue analysis in this thesis more closely resemble the distribution of integrative, communal consumption pattern in the early phase and a hierarchical consumption pattern during the late phase. Fish, more abundant in the early phase, was almost non-existent by the late phase. Pig and rice, hypothesized as preferred foods, were found only during the late phase, primarily in the ritual pit, H31. Millet and plant were conspicuously present during both phases, but had greater separation from ritual pits during the late phase. However, these findings are surprising since it does not match the material remains of rice and pig found in early phase pits or late phase storage/trash pits from Excavation Area One. It can be concluded that patterns of consumption at Liangchengzhen changed substantially from the early phase to the late phase with regards to food residues found in hypothesized ritual pits. Considering these data with the understanding that food in China has historically been used as a tool to wield influence and power, it can be hypothesized that a social hierarchy may have developed by the late phase that was not present during the early phase. However, participation in the activities held in late phase ritual pits may have been inclusive for all Liangchangzhen residents rather than exclusive for higher status individuals. The current research provides a starting point for further investigation into the foodways at Liangchengzhen. This thesis is the first systematic study of food residues from the interior of Neolithic vessels from ancient China that relates the results of the residue analysis to patterns of food consumption and social change.
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Barker, Andrew L. "Archaeological Proteomics: Method Development and Analysis of Protein-Ceramic Binding." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc28392/.

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The analysis of protein residues recovered from archaeological artifacts provides a unique opportunity to reveal new information about past societies. However, many scientists are currently unwilling to accept protein-based results due to problems in method development and a basic lack of agreement regarding the ability of proteins to bind to, and preserve within, artifacts such as pottery. In this paper, I address these challenges by conducting a two-phase experiment. First, I quantitatively evaluate the tendency of proteins to sorb to ceramic matrices by using total organic carbon analysis and spectrophotometric assays to analyze samples of experimentally cooked ceramic. I then test a series of solvent and physical parameters in order to develop an optimized method for extracting and preparing protein residues for identification via mass spectrometry. Results demonstrate that protein strongly sorbs to ceramic and is not easily removed, despite repeated washing, unless an appropriate extraction strategy is used. This has implications for the future of paleodietary, conservation ecology and forensic research in that it suggests the potential for recovery of aged or even ancient proteins from ceramic matrices.
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Steelman, Karen Lynn. "Non-destructive radiocarbon and stable isotopic analyses of archaeological materials using plasma oxidation." Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2739.

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Plasma oxidation, an alternative to combustion, is shown to be a non-destructive method for obtaining radiocarbon dates on perishable organic artifacts. Electrically excited oxygen gently converts organic carbon to carbon dioxide. Radiocarbon measurements are then performed using accelerator mass spectrometry. Because only sub-milligram amounts of material are removed from an artifact over its exposed surface, no visible change in fragile materials has been observed, even under magnification. Materials in this study include: Third International Radiocarbon Intercomparison (TIRI) sample B (Belfast pine); Fourth International Radiocarbon Intercomparison (FIRI) optional samples; six different materials from a naturally mummified baby bundle from southwest Texas; and peyote from Shumla Caves, Texas, and Cuatro Ci??negas, Mexico. Continuing previous research in the Rowe laboratory, a primary application of plasma oxidation has been its use to date rock art at archaeological sites around the world. This dissertation includes dates for: Toca do Serrote da Bastiana, Brazil; Ignatievskaya Cave, Russia; partially buried megalithic monuments, Spain; Arnold/Tainter Cave, Wisconsin; and Little Lost River Cave No. 1, Idaho.
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Bagdzevičienė, Jurga. "Investigation and Description of Ancient Pigments in Paintings and Archaeological Glass Finds." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2012. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2012~D_20120629_152636-81665.

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In this dissertation, the results of detailed investigation of the seven unique art objects are presented. The presented results show that complex apllying of the instrumental analytical methods of OM, FTIR, SEM/EDX, XRD, μXRD and µRS is accurate and efficient way to identify composition of works of art and archaeological finds of glass, pigments or describe their technology. IR spectroscopy has been successfully applied to determine pigments and some pigment mixtures in painting‘s ground, paint layers, and destruction products in archaeological glass. The SEM/EDX analysis successfully can be used in determining the main elements of the paint samples at different cross-section points perform a qualitative analysis of the pigments (cinnabar, lead white, chalk, smalt et. al. ), in some cases, to discuss the features of the production of pigments. The SEM/EDX provided a possibility to examine three archaeological glass beads. According to the elemental composition, microstructure, and the specific features in different areas of the glass was defined nature of the destruction of glass. XRD and μXRD analysis successfully can be used in determining the crystalline phases in the paint and archaeological glass samples. Identify following pigments and their mixtures: calcite CaCO3, carbon, lead tin yellow type I Pb2SnO4, lead tin yellow type II PbSn03, hydrocerussite 2PbCO3 ∙ Pb (OH)2, cerussite PbCO3, Egyptian blue CaCuSi4O10, gypsum CaSO4 ∙ 2H2O, anhydrite CaSO4, huntite Mg3Ca(CO3)4... [to full text]
Septynių unikalių, didelę istorinę ir meninę vertę turinčių objektų – trijų XVII ir XVIII a. paveikslų, Senovės Egipto sarkofago bei trijų archeologinių stiklo karolių iš Kernavės-Kriveikiškių kapinyno – tyrimams sėkmingai pritaikyti OM, FTIR, SEM/EDX, XRD, μXRD ir µRS analizės metodai. Konstatuota, kad taikant kompleksinius tyrimus galima tiksliai ir efektyviai identifikuoti kūrinių medžiagas, charakterizuoti jų sandarą, apibūdinti technologijas. IR spektroskopija sėkmingai panaudota identifikuojant tapybos grunto ir dažų sluoksnių neorganinius tapybos pigmentus ir jų mišinius bei stiklo korozijos produktus. Parodyta, kad IR spektroskopija gali būti sėkmingai panaudota identifikuojant istorines restauravimo medžiagas. SEM/EDX analizės metodu nustatyta tapybos elementinė sudėtis, identifikuoti cinoberio, švino baltojo, kreidos, smaltos, suriko ir kt. pigmentai. SEM/EDX analizės metodu ištirti trys archeologiniai stiklo karoliai. Pagal elementinės sudėties skirtumus ir specifinius mikrostruktūros bruožus nustatytas stiklo destrukcijos pobūdis. XRD ir μXRD analizės metodais sėkmingai identifikuoti šie pigmentai ir/ar jų mišiniai: kalcitas CaCO3, anglis, I tipo Pb–Sn geltonasis Pb2SnO4, II tipo Pb–Sn geltonasis PbSn03, hidrocerusitas 2PbCO3∙Pb(OH)2, cerusitas PbCO3, Egipto mėlynasis CaCuSi4O10, gipsas CaSO4∙2H2O, anhidritas CaSO4, huntitas Mg3Ca(CO3)4, dolomitas CaMg(CO3)2. Pirmą kartą μRS metodu identifikuotas II tipo švino alavo geltonasis pigmentas, archeologiniam stiklui... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
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Muskara, Uftade. "Provenance Studies On Limestone Archaeological Artifacts Using Trace Element Analysis." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608429/index.pdf.

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Trace element composition of archaeological artifacts is commonly used for provenance studies. Limestone has generally studied by geologists and there are a few researches done by various archaeological sciences. Although it is a common material for buildings and sculpture it is been thought that limestone used had not imported like marbles. Limestone figurines from Datç
a/Emecik excavations are classified as Cypriote type, which was very popular through 6th century B.C. in the Mediterranean region. Since this type of figurines was found at Emecik numerously to determine its provenance was an important problem. Emecik figurines were examined for their some major, trace elements and REE compositions and results were compared with geological samples which were taken from a near by quarry. Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES), Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICPMS) have been used for analysis. The methods have been optimized by using standard reference material NIST 1d, NCS DC 73306, and IGS40.
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Jardine, Cady B. "Fremont finery : exchange and distribution of turquoise and olivella ornaments in the Parowan Valley and beyond /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2049.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Archaeological chemistry"

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Archaeological chemistry. 2nd ed. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley-Interscience, 2007.

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Carl, Heron, and Royal Society of Chemistry (Great Britain)., eds. Archaeological chemistry. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 1996.

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Goffer, Zvi. Archaeological chemistry. 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley, 2006.

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Jakes, Kathryn A., ed. Archaeological Chemistry. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2002-0831.

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Glascock, Michael D., Robert J. Speakman, and Rachel S. Popelka-Filcoff, eds. Archaeological Chemistry. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2007-0968.

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Orna, Mary Virginia, ed. Archaeological Chemistry. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1996-0625.

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Carl, Heron, and Royal Society of Chemistry (Great Britain), eds. Archaeological chemistry. 2nd ed. Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2008.

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Armitage, Ruth Ann, and James H. Burton, eds. Archaeological Chemistry VIII. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2013-1147.

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Allen, Ralph O., ed. Archaeological Chemistry IV. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ba-1988-0220.

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H, Burton James, ed. An Introduction to archaeological chemistry. New York: Springer, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Archaeological chemistry"

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Price, T. Douglas, and James H. Burton. "Archaeological Chemistry." In An Introduction to Archaeological Chemistry, 1–24. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6376-5_1.

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Wells, E. Christian. "Archaeological Chemistry: Definition." In Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology, 501–2. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30018-0_361.

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Wells, E. Christian. "Archaeological Chemistry: Definition." In Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology, 1–2. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51726-1_361-2.

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Wells, E. Christian. "Archaeological Chemistry: Definition." In Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology, 331–32. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_361.

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Hedges, John I. "The Chemistry of Archaeological Wood." In Archaeological Wood, 111–40. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ba-1990-0225.ch005.

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Price, T. Douglas, and James H. Burton. "Archaeological Materials." In An Introduction to Archaeological Chemistry, 41–72. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6376-5_3.

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Orna, Mary Virginia, and Joseph B. Lambert. "New Directions in Archaeological Chemistry." In ACS Symposium Series, 1–9. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1996-0625.ch001.

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Burns, G., K. M. Wilson-Yang,, and J. E. Smeaton. "Archaeological Sites as Physicochemical Systems." In Advances in Chemistry, 289–310. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ba-1988-0220.ch015.

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El-Kammar, A., R. G. V. Hancock, and Ralph O. Allen. "Human Bones as Archaeological Samples." In Advances in Chemistry, 337–52. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ba-1988-0220.ch018.

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Harbottle, Garman. "Neutron activation analysis in archaeological chemistry." In Topics in Current Chemistry, 57–91. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-52423-1_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Archaeological chemistry"

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Manzano, Eloisa, Samuel Cantarero, Alejandra Garcia, Francisco Contreras, Francisco Martin, and Jose Luis Vilchez. "ARCHAEOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY: REVEALING TRACES OF THE PAST." In International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies. IATED, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/edulearn.2017.0309.

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