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Journal articles on the topic 'Archaeological artefect'

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Author: Grafiati
Published: 14 March 2023

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1

Barford, Paul M. "Artefact collecting: creating or destroying the archaeological record?" Folia Praehistorica Posnaniensia 25 (December 15, 2020): 39–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/fpp.2020.25.02.

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This paper examines some of the arguments used by archaeologists in favour of collaborating useful for archaeological research and is a form of public engagement with archaeology. It takes as a case study records of 48 600 medieval artefacts removed from archaeological contexts by artefact hunters and recorded by the Portable Antiquities Scheme in England and Wales. The past and potential uses of these records as an archaeological source are objectively reviewed, together with an assessment of the degree to which they provide mitigation of the damage caused to the otherwise unthreatened archaeological record. It is concluded that, although information can be obtained by studying records of findspots of addressed artefacts such as coins, in general the claims made in support of professional archaeological collaboration with this kind of activity prove to be false.
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2

Figueiredo, E., Rui Jorge C. Silva, Francisco Manuel Braz Fernandes, and M. F. Araújo. "Some Long Term Corrosion Patterns in Archaeological Metal Artefacts." Materials Science Forum 636-637 (January 2010): 1030–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.636-637.1030.

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Long term corrosion phenomena are generally not obtained in laboratorial corrosion experiments. Particular features, such as strong intergranular corrosion, can be an indication of the antiquity of a metallic artefact. In the present study, various corrosion features from several archaeological bronze artefacts, with ages ranging from 2 to 5 millenniums, are examined using optical and scanning electron microscopies. Elemental composition was obtained through micro-EDXRF analyses. Corrosion patterns could, in some occasions, be related to specific thermomechanical treatments performed before burial and, in others, with particular phases present in the artefact.
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3

DITCHFIELD, P. W., E. WHITFIELD, T. VINCENT, T. PLUMMER, D. BRAUN, A. DEINO, F. HERTEL, J. S. OLIVER, J. LOUYS, and L. C. BISHOP. "Geochronology and physical context of Oldowan site formation at Kanjera South, Kenya." Geological Magazine 156, no. 07 (September 12, 2018): 1190–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756818000602.

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AbstractOldowan sites in primary geological context are rare in the archaeological record. Here we describe the depositional environment of Oldowan occurrences at Kanjera South, Kenya, based on field descriptions and granulometric analysis. Excavations have recovered a large Oldowan artefact sample as well as the oldest substantial sample of archaeological fauna. The deposits at Kanjera South consist of 30 m of fluvial, colluvial and lacustrine sediments. Magneto- and biostratigraphy indicate the Kanjera South Member of the Kanjera Formation was deposited during 2.3–1.92 Ma, with 2.0 Ma being a likely age for the archaeological occurrences. Oldowan artefacts and associated fauna were deposited in the colluvial and alluvial silts and sands of beds KS1–3, in the margins of a lake basin. Field descriptions and granulometric analysis of the sediment fine fraction indicate that sediments from within the main archaeological horizon were emplaced as a combination of tractional and hyperconcentrated flows with limited evidence of debris-flow deposition. This style of deposition is unlikely to significantly erode or disturb the underlying surface, and therefore promotes preservation of surface archaeological accumulations. Hominins were repeatedly attracted to the site locale, and rapid sedimentation, minimal bone weathering and an absence of bone or artefact rounding further indicate that fossils and artefacts were quickly buried.
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4

Holdaway, SJ, PC Fanning, and DC Witter. "Prehistoric aboriginal occupation of the rangelands: Interpreting the surface archaeological record of far western New South Wales, Australia." Rangeland Journal 22, no. 1 (2000): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj0000044.

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Recent erosion in arid regions of western NSW has exposed large areas that are scattered with stone artefacts manufactured by Aboriginal people in prehistory. These exposures offer an opportunity for archaeologists to study the artefacts abandoned by Aboriginal people through time and to compare those artefacts that accumulate in different parts of the landscape. To reconstruct the nature of prehistoric behaviour in the rangelands, two approaches are needed. First, the geomorphological context of the artefacts needs to be considered since exposure of the artefacts is a function of landscape history. Second, large areas (measured in thousands of square metres) and large numbers of artefacts need to be considered if patterns reflecting long-term abandonment behaviour by Aboriginal people are to be identified. This paper reports on the Western New South Wales Archaeological Program (WNSWAP) which was initiated in 1995 to study surface archaeology in the rangelands. Geomorphological studies are combined with artefact analysis using geographic information system software to investigate Aboriginal stone artefact scatters and associated features such as heat retainer hearths, in a landscape context. Results suggest that apparently random scatters of stone artefacts are in fact patterned in ways which inform on prehistoric Aboriginal settlement of the rangelands. Key words: Aboriginal stone artefacts; rangelands; landscape archaeology; geomorphology; GIs
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5

Ó Foghlú, Billy, Daryl Wesley, Sally Brockwell, and Helen Cooke. "Implications for culture contact history from a glass artefact on a Diingwulung earth mound in Weipa." Queensland Archaeological Research 19 (December 5, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.25120/qar.19.2016.3499.

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This paper reports on a glass artefact found on an earth mound at Diingwulung in Wathayn Country, near Weipa, far north Queensland. Despite intense research efforts and cultural heritage management surveys over many years, and the fact that they have been reported commonly within the ethnographic literature, such artefacts have been found rarely outside of Aboriginal mission contexts. As well as describing the artefact, its location and the frontier contact complex of the area, this paper includes the background of knapped glass artefacts in Australia, archaeological and ethnographic descriptions of Indigenous glass use in far north Queensland and the methodology of glass artefact analysis. Although it is only a single artefact, we argue that this glass piece has much to reveal not only regarding its chronology, use, and the function of the site where it was found, but also about culture contact, persistence of traditional technology, connections to Country and the continuity and extent of post-contact Indigenous occupation of the area.
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6

Francis, Victoria. "Twenty Interesting Points: An Analysis of Bone Artefacts from Platypus Rockshelter." Queensland Archaeological Research 13 (December 1, 2002): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.25120/qar.13.2002.68.

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<p>While bone artefacts have been largely ignored in Australian archaeology, a wide range of functions for this artefact type are noted ethnographically. Twenty bone artefacts from Platypus Rockshelter, southeast Queensland, were used to test the applicability of residue analysis for functional assessment of archaeological bone artefacts. Analysis produced both predicted and unexpected results when compared with the known range of functions and results from other studies at this site. Plant and animal residues were observed on the artefacts, ranging from blood and collagen to starch raphides and the mineral, vivianite. These results have implications for site occupation as well as more general ones for the study of bone artefacts.</p>
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7

Miljković, V., and D. Gajski. "ADAPTATION OF INDUSTRIAL HYPERSPECTRAL LINE SCANNER FOR ARCHAEOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B5 (June 15, 2016): 343–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b5-343-2016.

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The spectral characteristic of the visible light reflected from any of archaeological artefact is the result of the interaction of its surface illuminated by incident light. Every particular surface depends on what material it is made of and/or which layers put on it has its spectral signature. Recent archaeometry recognises this information as very valuable data to extend present documentation of artefacts and as a new source for scientific exploration. However, the problem is having an appropriate hyperspectral imaging system available and adopted for applications in archaeology. In this paper, we present the new construction of the hyperspectral imaging system, made of industrial hyperspectral line scanner ImSpector V9 and CCD-sensor PixelView. The hyperspectral line scanner is calibrated geometrically, and hyperspectral data are geocoded and converted to the hyperspectral cube. The system abilities are evaluated for various archaeological artefacts made of different materials. Our experience in applications, visualisations, and interpretations of collected hyperspectral data are explored and presented.
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8

Miljković, V., and D. Gajski. "ADAPTATION OF INDUSTRIAL HYPERSPECTRAL LINE SCANNER FOR ARCHAEOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B5 (June 15, 2016): 343–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b5-343-2016.

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The spectral characteristic of the visible light reflected from any of archaeological artefact is the result of the interaction of its surface illuminated by incident light. Every particular surface depends on what material it is made of and/or which layers put on it has its spectral signature. Recent archaeometry recognises this information as very valuable data to extend present documentation of artefacts and as a new source for scientific exploration. However, the problem is having an appropriate hyperspectral imaging system available and adopted for applications in archaeology. In this paper, we present the new construction of the hyperspectral imaging system, made of industrial hyperspectral line scanner ImSpector V9 and CCD-sensor PixelView. The hyperspectral line scanner is calibrated geometrically, and hyperspectral data are geocoded and converted to the hyperspectral cube. The system abilities are evaluated for various archaeological artefacts made of different materials. Our experience in applications, visualisations, and interpretations of collected hyperspectral data are explored and presented.
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9

Kapuci, Umut. "Aydın Arkeoloji Müzesi’nden Bargasa/Piginda Heykeltıraşlık Eserleri." Denizli İli, Tavas İlçesi, Yaka Mahallesi’ndeki Kilise Kurtarma Kazısı ve Artemis Sibyrallis’e Ait Yeni Bir Yazıtın Ön Değerlendirmesi 1, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 23–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.53538/arm.2021.1/02.

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Bu çalışmada, günümüzde Aydın Arkeoloji Müzesi’nde korunan ve Aydın ili, Bozdoğan ilçesi, Bozdoğan İlkokulu’ndan getirilerek müzeye kazandırılan bir büst ile birlikte figürlü bir masa ayağı parçası ele alınmıştır. Amaç, tekil örnekler olsa da Karia Bölgesi’nin Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi heykeltıraşlık literatürüne katkı sağlayarak Bargasa/Piginda buluntusu eserleri bilim dünyasına sunmaktır. Bu doğrultuda plastik eserlerin tipolojik ve stilistik açıdan ait oldukları dönem özellikleri ve heykeltıraşlık merkezleri belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Figürlü masa ayağı bu çalışmada ilk kez değerlendirilmekte, daha önce kataloğu yayımlanmış büst ise farklı önerilerle yeniden ele alınmaktadır. Çalışma içeriğinde irdelenen eserlerin kazı malzemesi olmaması ve envanter kayıtlarında buluntu durumları ile ilgili bilgi bulunmaması nedeniyle genel olarak Karia Bölgesi ve yakın coğrafyadaki Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi heykeltıraşlık eserleriyle analoji yoluyla tarihlenebilmiştir. Araştırma içeriğinde değerlendirilen figürlü masa ayağı parçası için Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi’nde İS 1. yüzyılın ikinci yarısı -Flaviuslar Dönemi-, privat erkek büstü için İS 3. yüzyılın ikinci çeyreği -Asker İmparatorlar Dönemi- tarihi önerilmektedir. Analojik değerlendirmeler sonucunda, incelenen yontuların Aphrodisias, Tralleis ve Nysa gibi yakın merkezlerdeki eserlerin stil özelliklerini yansıttığı anlaşılmıştır.
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10

Boëda, Eric, Marcos Ramos, Antonio Pérez, Christine Hatté, Christelle Lahaye, Mario Pino, David Hérisson, et al. "24.0 kyr cal BP stone artefact from Vale da Pedra Furada, Piauí, Brazil: Techno-functional analysis." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 10, 2021): e0247965. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247965.

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Current archaeological paradigm proposes that the first peopling of the Americas does not exceed the Last Glacial Maximum period. In this context, the acceptance of the anthropogenic character of the earliest stone artefacts generally rests on the presence of projectile points considered no more as typocentric but as typognomonic, since it allows, by itself, to certify the human character of the other associated artefacts. In other words, without this presence, nothing is certain. Archaeological research at Piauí (Brazil) attests to a Pleistocene human presence between 41 and 14 cal kyr BP, without any record of lithic projectile points. Here, we report the discovery and interpretation of an unusual stone artefact in the Vale da Pedra Furada site, in a context dating back to 24 cal kyr BP. The knapping stigmata and macroscopic use-wear traces reveal a conception centred on the configuration of double bevels and the production in the same specimen of at least two successive artefacts with probably different functions. This piece unambiguously presents an anthropic character and reveals a technical novelty during the Pleistocene occupation of South America.
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11

Gajski, D., A. Solter, and M. Gašparovic. "APPLICATIONS OF MACRO PHOTOGRAMMETRY IN ARCHAEOLOGY." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B5 (June 15, 2016): 263–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b5-263-2016.

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Many valuable archaeological artefacts have the size of a few centimetres or less. The production of relevant documentation of such artefacts is mainly limited to subjective interpretation and manual drawing techniques using a magnifier. Most of the laser scanners available for the archaeological purposes cannot reach sufficient space resolution to gather all relevant features of the artefact, such as the shape, the relief, the texture and any damage present. Digital photogrammetric techniques make measuring with high accuracy possible and such techniques can be used to produce the relevant archaeometric documentation with a high level of detail. The approaches for shooting a good macro photograph (in the photogrammetric sense) will be explored and discussed as well as the design of a calibration test-field and the self-calibration methods suitable for macro photogrammetry. Finally, the method will be tested by producing a photorealistic 3D-model of an ancient figurine.
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12

Gajski, D., A. Solter, and M. Gašparovic. "APPLICATIONS OF MACRO PHOTOGRAMMETRY IN ARCHAEOLOGY." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B5 (June 15, 2016): 263–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b5-263-2016.

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Many valuable archaeological artefacts have the size of a few centimetres or less. The production of relevant documentation of such artefacts is mainly limited to subjective interpretation and manual drawing techniques using a magnifier. Most of the laser scanners available for the archaeological purposes cannot reach sufficient space resolution to gather all relevant features of the artefact, such as the shape, the relief, the texture and any damage present. Digital photogrammetric techniques make measuring with high accuracy possible and such techniques can be used to produce the relevant archaeometric documentation with a high level of detail. The approaches for shooting a good macro photograph (in the photogrammetric sense) will be explored and discussed as well as the design of a calibration test-field and the self-calibration methods suitable for macro photogrammetry. Finally, the method will be tested by producing a photorealistic 3D-model of an ancient figurine.
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13

Mozas Calvache, Antonio T., José L. Pérez García, Vicente Barba Colmenero, and Andrés López Arenas. "Estudio geométrico de piezas arqueológicas a partir de un modelo virtual 3D." Virtual Archaeology Review 2, no. 3 (April 15, 2011): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/var.2011.4627.

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<p>This paper describes the methodology for implementing geometric studies of little archaeological artefacts by mean of a 3D virtual model. This model is obtained through laser scanner 3D technology and allows us to obtain high accuracy measures in order to analyze the artefact. The method proposed gives the opportunity for performing these measures in inaccessible zones in the real object, and minimizing the manipulation of the artefact. This aspect is very interesting in order to guarantee its conservation. This methodology has been implemented to a real case: an anthropomorphic feminine idol of around 12 centimetres in length. The results obtained with the measuring of the model allow us to extract important conclusions.</p>
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14

Perston, Yinika L., Mark Moore, Suryatman, Michelle Langley, Budianto Hakim, Adhi Agus Oktaviana, and Adam Brumm. "A standardised classification scheme for the Mid-Holocene Toalean artefacts of South Sulawesi, Indonesia." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (May 26, 2021): e0251138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251138.

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The archaeology of Sulawesi is important for developing an understanding of human dispersal and occupation of central Island Southeast Asia. Through over a century of archaeological work, multiple human populations in the southwestern region of Sulawesi have been identified, the most well-documented being that of the Mid- to Late Holocene ‘Toalean’ technological period. Archaeological models for this period describe a population with a strong cultural identity, subdivided into groups living on the coastal plains around Maros as well as dispersed upland forest dwellers, hunting endemic wildlife with bow-and-arrow technology. It has been proposed that the Toaleans were capable of vast water-crossings, with possible cultural exchange with northern Australia, Java, and Japan. This Toalean paradigm is built almost exclusively on existing interpretations of distinctive Toalean stone and bone artefact technologies, constructed on out-dated 19th and 20th century theory. Moreover, current definitions of Toalean artefact types are inconsistently applied and unsystematic, and the manufacturing sequence has historically been poorly understood. To address these problems in existing artefact models and typologies, we present a clarified typology of the Toalean artefacts of South Sulawesi, and describe the technical aspects of artefact production. This typology provides a tool for standardising research and will facilitate more meaningful assessments of material culture repertoires and more reliable assessment of spatial and temporal changes for the region.
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15

Wardas-Lasoń, Marta, and Aldona Garbacz-Klempka. "Historical metallurgical activities and environment pollution at the substratum level of the Main Market Square in Krakow." Geochronometria 43, no. 1 (May 1, 2016): 59–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geochr-2015-0032.

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Abstract The main purpose of the interdisciplinary research described in the present paper is to determine the characteristics of ground environment changes in the Main Market Square area, and to compare these with analyses of metal artefacts. The elemental composition of metal artefacts and the degree of contamination of archaeological layers make it possible to consider both as specific indicators, including being geoindicators that are helpful in establishing the chronology of layers. Metal-artefact samples come from archaeological layers originating from different parts of the Great Weigh House. Layers were sampled, both in this region and also in a neighbouring area at the entrance to Bracka Street — trench A. They were collected from an area of archaeological excavations, which were carried out in the years 2005–2010, reaching down to a depth of 4 meters. All artefacts come primarily from cultural layers and structures - probably linked to workshops in the early medieval settlement which functioned in the area of the Main Market Square in the 12th and early 13th century. However, archaeological analysis of historical material allowed us to more precisely date metal arte-facts to the turn of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, which was confirmed by analysis of the radiocarbon age of a sample from Room R of the Great Scales, from layer 109. Average concentrations (mg/kg) of Pb of 128454 and Cu of 108610 were determined in this sample to the AAS, which significantly exceeded of the most concentration values characteristic of the layers from the Great Weigh House.
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Garbov, Dragomir, and Kroum Batchvarov. "Served on a Plate: A Late Medieval Ceramic Vessel with Sgraffito Decoration of a Sailing Ship from the Ropotamo Underwater Excavations, Black Sea, Bulgaria." Heritage 5, no. 1 (January 12, 2022): 170–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage5010010.

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We report on the interpretation of a late medieval Eastern Mediterranean glazed ceramic vessel with sgraffito decoration depicting a sailing ship. The artefact represents a chance find that was recovered outside the excavation area of the Ropotamo underwater archaeological excavations on the Southern Bulgarian Black Sea Coast in 2017. Fragments of late medieval sgraffito-decorated ceramics with depictions of sailing ships are rare. Complete examples can be considered exceptional. The Ropotamo artefact is of particular interest due to the freehand execution of its decoration, which suggests some understanding of contemporary ship proportions and seafaring practices on behalf of the artisan. The specimen is analyzed against similar artefacts and discussed in the context of maritime graffiti from the Black Sea and Eastern Mediterranean regions. The aim is to establish its potential for studying archaeological ceramics and evaluate the extent to which the decoration reflects aspects of Eastern Mediterranean maritime culture of the late Byzantine and early post-Byzantine periods. More research is required to appreciate the full potential of the Ropotamo artefact. A hypothesis for origin, dating and significance has been proposed. However, due to a shortage of published parallels, it may be subject to further refinements in the future in case more stratified similis are identified.
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Хаmidova, Dilfuzа U. "HISTORY OF BRICKWARES OF ZOROASTRIAN RELIGION." JOURNAL OF LOOK TO THE PAST 4, no. 10 (October 30, 2021): 92–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-9599-2021-10-11.

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History of the brickwares related to Zoroastrian religion is examined in this article. Features, forms and decorations of the artefacts found at archaeological excavations in the different regions of Uzbekistan, are studied in him. The focus is on the history of the Ostodons, which reflects the customs and rituals of historical periods, such as mourning events. The history of the ceramics found in the monuments is analyzed, the processes of restoration and repair are studied, scientific research works are classified and studied.Index Terms:ceramics, artefact, archaeology, monument, Zoroastrian religion, ritual, maintenance, study, Middle Asia, region
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18

Dubrovinskaia, Natalia, Maria Messingschlager, and Leonid Dubrovinsky. "Tin weathering experiment set by nature for 300 years: natural crystals of the anthropogenic mineral hydroromarchite from Creussen, Bavaria, Germany." European Journal of Mineralogy 34, no. 6 (November 18, 2022): 563–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ejm-34-563-2022.

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Abstract. Hydroromarchite is a mineral that so far has been found only in a few locations in the world and recognized as a common product of submarine corrosion of pewter artefacts. Here we report a new locality for this rare mineral found at the Saint James Church archaeological site in Creussen, Germany. There it appeared to be a product of weathering of a tin artefact (a tin button) buried in soil of the churchyard for about 300 years. The mineral, found in paragenesis with romarchite and cassiterite, was identified using single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
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19

Holtorf, Cornelius, and Tim Schadla-Hall. "Age as Artefact: On Archaeological Authenticity." European Journal of Archaeology 2, no. 2 (1999): 229–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/eja.1999.2.2.229.

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Authenticity is frequently seen as crucial in archaeology. In this paper, we examine the nature of authenticity and question by implication whether so much attention should be given to determining the actual age and thus the genuineness of archaeological objects. We show that numbers of authenticated objects are potentially fakes. There is an acceptance that many archaeological sites and reconstructions are not actually really old, although the acceptability of this view depends on one's flexibility towards the concept of authenticity. It is clear that the public does not necessarily put the same value on genuineness as do archaeologists. We suggest that certain aspects of the past have always been a potentially renewable resource. We suggest that a more relaxed approach to genuineness and authenticity is acceptable today and is already accepted by the public as consumers of the past.
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Ricci, S., F. Antonelli, and C. Sacco Perasso. "ASPECTS OF BIODETERIORATION OF LAPIDEOUS SUBMERGED ARTEFACTS: 3D METHODOLOGIES APPLICATION." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-5/W5 (April 9, 2015): 191–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-5-w5-191-2015.

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Submerged stone archaeological artefacts are bioeroded by endolithic microbiota (cyanobacteria, algae and fungi) and macroborers (Porifera, Bivalvia and Sipuncula). Optical microscope and SEM observations permit to analyse the bioerosion traces and to identify bioeroders. Data obtained with these techniques cannot be used to estimate volumes of material bioeroded. This aspect require the need to collect three-dimensional, close-range data from artefact. In this work we illustrate two 3D imaging techniques used to study bioerosion phenomena of underwater Cultural Heritage. In particular Digital Video Microscope permit the elaboration of 3D images, which are widely employed for close-range acquisitions. Underwater Laser Scanner documents the in situ degradation of submerged artefacts. This research aims to sensitize specialist figures in the study 3D offering a starting point for future collaborations that could lead to interesting results.
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21

Wallis, Lynley A., and Sophie Collins. "Just passing through: Archaeological investigations of a late Holocene open site in the Mitchell Grass Downs, inland northwest Queensland." Queensland Archaeological Research 16 (January 23, 2013): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.25120/qar.16.2013.223.

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<p>Comparatively little is known about the archaeology of the Mitchell Grass Downs region of inland Queensland. This paper reports the results of investigations of an open site complex therein, comprising numerous hearths, a human burial, middens, stone arrangements and a stone artefact assemblage. Analysis reveals the stone artefact assemblage is a palimpsest, representing multiple events in the late Holocene compressed into a single non-stratified archaeological surface assemblage. The evidence suggests use of the area was by highly mobile, transient populations passing through on an occasional seasonal basis when environmental conditions were amenable to travel; suggestions for a semi-sedentary population are not supported. Clear evidence for the extensive removal, weathering, reuse and recycling of artefacts has implications for our ability to reconstruct past human behaviours and landscape use in this region.</p>
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Garcia-Fernandez, J., L. Medeiros, and J. Pernão. "REPRESENTATION OF SYNTHETIC SHADOWS ON 3D DIGITAL MODELS FOR THE VOLUMETRIC INTERPRETATION ON CONCAVE-CONVEX ARCHAEOLOGICAL ARTIFACTS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W9 (January 31, 2019): 355–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w9-355-2019.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The representation of archaeological artefacts aims for the graphic description of relevant information from the object, to allow for the proper interpretation of evidences from the past. Concavities and convexities are elements often difficult to represent through classical (analogical) representation techniques, especially when these geometrical characteristics are neither continue nor parameterizable. Digital techniques have advanced on the accurate reconstruction of 3D shapes, while attaching real colour to the geometry. However, the perception of concave/convex shapes from photorealistic true-orthoimages continues to be limited, especially when rich and homogeneous textures camouflage slight slope changes or volumetric deformations. In this paper we first critically review the current practice on the representation of solid-of-revolution artefacts with concave-convex predominance, and alternative photorealistic representations aiming at a better understanding of volume and colour. Given the limitation targeted, we then propose a workflow for the creation of true-orthometric maps enhanced by customized shadows. The work-flow integrates considerations on: (i) The orientation of archaeological artefact; (ii) the creation of accurate orthometric images based on Digital photogrammetry techniques; and (iii) the application of synthetic attached and cast shadows according the shape (information) to be represented. The workflow is demonstrated with a sample of plates retrieved from the Rua-das-Madres archaeological site, in Portugal.</p>
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Spinapolice, Enza Elena, Andrea Zerboni, Michael Meyer, and Donatella Usai. "Early Human Occupation at al-Jamrab (White Nile Region, Central Sudan): A Contribution to the Understanding of the MSA of Eastern Africa." Journal of African Archaeology 16, no. 2 (November 27, 2018): 193–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/21915784-20180010.

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AbstractThe middle reaches of the Nile River play a key role in the current models about the diffusion of modern Humans out of Africa, nevertheless the Early and the Middle Stone Age (Early Palaeolithic and Middle Palaeolithic) in central Sudan are poorly known. On-going investigation at al-Jamrab (White Nile region) highlights the archaeological potential of the central Sudan and illustrates the importance of an integrated approach combining archaeological excavation and palaeoenvironmental reconstruction for understanding cultural site formation and post-depositional dynamics. The stratigraphic sequence at al-Jamrab includes a thick cultural layer rich in Early and Middle Stone Age artefacts, preserved in a deeply weathered palaeosol developed on fluvial sediments. The cultural layer includes a two-fold human occupation covering the Middle Stone Age, with Acheulean and Sangoan bifacial artefacts, although an Early Stone Age/Middle Stone Age transitional phase cannot be excluded. The artefact-bearing unit is attributed to the Upper Pleistocene based on preliminary OSL dating, the local palaeoenvironmental context, and strong pedogenetic weathering. Considering the paucity of archaeological data for the Pleistocene of Sudan and the importance of this region in the study of human dispersal out of Africa, this preliminary work on a new site and its associated stratigraphic context provides insights into the early peopling of Sudan and adds one more tessera to the Eastern Africa picture.
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Mills, Douglas J., Katarzyna Schaefer, and Tomasz Wityk. "In-Situ Evaluation of the Protectivity of Coatings Applied to Metal Cultural Artefacts Using Non-Destructive Electrochemical Measurements." Corrosion and Materials Degradation 2, no. 1 (March 9, 2021): 120–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cmd2010007.

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Electrochemical Noise Measurement (ENM) and DC electrolytic resistance measurement (ERM) can be used to assess the level of protectiveness provided by an organic coating (paint or varnish) to the underlying metal. These techniques also have applicability to the thinner, transparent type of coatings used to protect archaeological artefacts. Two studies are presented here demonstrating how ERM and ENM techniques can be applied in artefact preservation. The similarity of the techniques, both of which are a measure of resistance, means results can be considered to be analogous. The first study investigated the use of ERM to determine the protection levels provided by typical coatings in order to develop a database of coating type and application for objects, for specific environments. The second study used ENM to evaluate coatings which had been applied to historic artefacts recovered from shipwrecks in the Baltic Sea and displayed inside the museum or kept in the museum store area. The studies showed the usefulness of both techniques for determining the level of protection of a coating and how a better performing coating can be specified if a pre-existing coating on an artefact has been found to be unsuitable.
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Hiscock, Peter. "Developing a relative dating system for the Moreton Region: an assessment of prospects for a technological approach." Queensland Archaeological Research 5 (January 1, 1988): 113–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.25120/qar.5.1988.162.

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The imperative of dating sites rests uneasily upon the shoulders of Australian archaeologists. Despite the growing array of sophisticated physical and chemical techniques for estimating the age of objects, the most common archaeological site-type in Australia, the stone artefact surface scatter, remains generally difficult to date with any precision. During the 1960's and 1970's researchers focused their attention on stratified sites which could be dated by the conventional radiocarbon process, and thereby established a chronological framework for their studies. More recently a shift in interests, particularly towards the testing of demographic and settlement models, has made it inappropriate to restrict investigations to the small proportion of sites which are stratified. In this context there is an urgent need to develop some means to date artefact scatters. This paper assesses the prospects for constructing a system of dating artefacts in the Moreton Region by inferring the way in which they were made.
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Meadows, A. J. "The scientific paper as an archaeological artefact." Journal of Information Science 11, no. 1 (July 1985): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016555158501100104.

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Scientific research is typically communicated via papers in journals. To an outsider, the contents of these papers appear to by mystic and wonderful: to an insider, they convey rapidly and efficiently information about the research that has been done. Even to scientists, it may not be obvious that their papers provide the simplest way of communicating research. However, a detailed study of why papers are constructed as they are suggests that the lay-out is a consequence of a long evolution aimed at simplifying the complexity of scientific communica tion.
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Plummer, Thomas, Joseph Ferraro, Peter Ditchfield, Laura Bishop, and Richard Potts. "Late Pliocene Oldowan excavations at Kanjera South, Kenya." Antiquity 75, no. 290 (December 2001): 809–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00089365.

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The appearance of Oldowan sites c. 2.5 million years ago signals one of the most important adaptive shifts in human evolution. Large mammal u butchery, stone artefact manufacture and novel transport and discard behaviours led to the accumulation of the first recognized archaeological debris. Although the earliest instances of these behaviours are 2.5 million years ago, most of what we know about Oldowan palaeoecology and behaviour is derived from localities more than half a million years younger, particularly c. 1.8 million-year-old sites from Bed I Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania (Potts 1988). Sites from Kanjera South, Homa Peninsula, southwestern Kenya, yield dense concentrations of artefacts in association with the oldest (c. 2.2 million years) substantial sample of archaeological fauna known thus far from Africa. This study is the first to use a wide range of traditional and innovative techniques to investigate Oldowan hominin behaviour and site formation processes before 2 million years ago.
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Kazakov, A. A., O. M. Kazakova, and D. A. Marakulin. "Archaeological Artefacts as Objects of Property Relations." Izvestiya of Altai State University, no. 3(125) (July 12, 2022): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/izvasu(2022)3-09.

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The article analyzes illegal activities aimed at predatory excavations of archaeological monuments, known as "black digging", and also raises the problem of civil turnover of archaeological objects as a factor stimulating such criminal activity. The authors raise the problem of a vague understanding of the legal status of such concepts as "historical and cultural monument", "antiques" and "archaeological object" both among members of the public and in the legal community. Since the civil turnover of historical and cultural monuments is allowed with some restrictions, lawyers consider the purchase and sale of archaeological artefacts to be quite legal. However, the law imposes restrictions on the civil turnover of archaeological heritage objects, still there has not yet been a single precedent of bringing to justice dealers in archaeological objects. To combat the illegal storage and trafficking of archaeological objects, lawyers need to analyze the legal basis and eliminate the existing legal conflict, which allows persons engaged in illegal activities to avoid responsibility for such offences.
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Bolohan, Neculai, and Ana Drob. "Hoisesti – La Curmătură 1, Neamt county. An archaeological survey in Eastern Romania." Cercetări Arheologice 29, no. 2 (December 2022): 411–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.46535/ca.29.2.01.

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Field survey activities in the Verdele brook basin, South of Hoisești village, Neamț County, have led to the identification and integration of new sites in the national archaeological database. At first, we made a visual analysis of the Verdele brook basin (left tributary of the Bistrița River), a stage followed by the identification of the places that presented specific parameters of areas with archaeological traces. In this context, South of the Hoisești village, on the left high terrace of the Verdele brook, on a flattened hillock delimited by two fossil riverbeds, we identified many archaeological traces. The fieldwalking activity continued during four agricultural seasons in which we took in consideration the distribution of the artefacts, the degree of damage inflicted to the area and the way the use of agricultural machinery was affecting an archaeological site. In order to confirm the presence of the archaeological content, the artefact distribution and the need to recover and protect the heritage, non-invasive investigations were performed, which proved the existence of a Eneolithic stronghold with three linear arranged 19 housing structures. As a result of this evaluation, it was proposed to carry out an archaeological survey in which the main objective was the research of a rectangular house. After removing the topsoil containing archaeological remains, was reached the archaeological level represented by the remnants of a burnt housing structure. The archaeological investigation started at the Hoisești-La Curmătura 1 led to the identification of some specific characteristics of the Eneolithic settlements with an area of less than one hectare located on minor watercourses and in the vicinity of some sources of liquid salt. In the same context, by recovering a batch of pottery fragments from the Middle Bronze Age, additions will be made regarding the occupation space and the connectivity in the central area of the Cracău-Bistrita Depression.
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Barr, Judith, Clara M. ten Berge, Jan M. van Daal, and Branko F. van Oppen de Ruiter. "The Girl with the Golden Wreath: Four Perspectives on a Mummy Portrait." Arts 8, no. 3 (July 16, 2019): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts8030092.

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A mummy portrait of a young woman with a golden wreath is part of the archaeological collection of the Allard Pierson Museum in Amsterdam. This portrait is covered by four authors, each from their separate perspective, namely provenance research, technical examination, museum presentation, and diversity education. Provenance research is significant not only for tracing the second-life biography of the panel, but also for assessing its bona fide authenticity. Non-invasive examinations can help identify possible underlayers, pigments and modern restorations. Museological aspects concern the contextualization of the portrait, not only as a funerary artefact, but also as an expression of physical appearance. Educational programs can be implemented to illustrate to museum visitors the relevance of ancient artefacts for modern society.
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Dowd, Marion. "Bewitched by an Elf Dart: Fairy Archaeology, Folk Magic and Traditional Medicine in Ireland." Cambridge Archaeological Journal 28, no. 3 (March 13, 2018): 451–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959774318000124.

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In Ireland the supernaturalsí(loosely translated as ‘fairies’) were strongly associated with thousands of archaeological monuments and natural places in the landscape, and many prehistoric artefacts were regarded as material culture of thesí. Such artefacts assumed an important role in popular religious practices, folk medicine and magic, most frequently to invoke cures for farm animals, but also to protect the homestead. Though little discussed in archaeological literature, the interpretation of prehistoric artefacts as potent objects from the supernatural world, and their ability actively to influence the well-being of livestock and the household, illustrates the rich and complex lives many archaeological artefacts assumed several thousand years after their initial manufacture, use and discard. The folk use of such artefacts as active agencies contrasts with the contemporaneous antiquarian collection and display of archaeological material as relics of ancient cultures.
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Moitinho de Almeida, Vera, and Juan Anton Barceló. "Computer Simulation of Multidimensional Archaeological Artefacts." Virtual Archaeology Review 3, no. 7 (November 18, 2012): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/var.2012.4392.

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<p>The main purpose of this ongoing research is to understand possible function(s) of archaeological artefacts through Reverse Engineering processes. In addition, we intend to provide new data, as well as possible explications of the archaeological record according to what it expects about social activities and working processes, by simulating the potentialities of such actions in terms of input-output relationships.<br />Our project focuses on the Neolithic lakeside site of La Draga (Banyoles, Catalonia). In this presentation we will begin by providing a clear overview of the major guidelines used to capture and process 3D digital data of several wooden artefacts. Then, we shall present the use of semi-automated relevant feature extractions. Finally, we intend to share preliminary computer simulation issues.</p>
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Moitinho de Almeida, Vera, and Juan Anton Barceló. "Computer Simulation of Multidimensional Archaeological Artefacts." Virtual Archaeology Review 4, no. 9 (November 5, 2013): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/var.2013.4277.

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<p>The main purpose of this ongoing research is to understand possible function(s) of archaeological artefacts through Reverse Engineering processes. In addition, we intend to provide new data, as well as possible explications of the archaeological record according to what it expects about social activities and working processes, by simulating the potentialities of such actions in terms of input-output relationships. Our project focuses on the Neolithic lakeside site of La Draga (Banyoles, Catalonia). In this presentation we will begin by providing a clear overview of the major guidelines used to capture and process 3D digital data of several wooden artefacts. Then, we shall present the use of semi-automated relevant feature extractions. Finally, we intend to share preliminary computer simulation issues.</p>
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Dillmann, Philippe. "Corrosion of archaeological and heritage artefacts." Corrosion Engineering, Science and Technology 45, no. 5 (October 2010): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/147842210x12855853971160.

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Neff, Delphine. "Corrosion of Archaeological and Historical Artefacts." Materials and Corrosion 67, no. 2 (February 2016): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.201670024.

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Gonizzi Barsanti, S., G. Caruso, L. L. Micoli, M. Covarrubias Rodriguez, and G. Guidi. "3D Visualization of Cultural Heritage Artefacts with Virtual Reality devices." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-5/W7 (August 11, 2015): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-5-w7-165-2015.

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Although 3D models are useful to preserve the information about historical artefacts, the potential of these digital contents are not fully accomplished until they are not used to interactively communicate their significance to non-specialists. Starting from this consideration, a new way to provide museum visitors with more information was investigated. The research is aimed at valorising and making more accessible the Egyptian funeral objects exhibited in the Sforza Castle in Milan. The results of the research will be used for the renewal of the current exhibition, at the Archaeological Museum in Milan, by making it more attractive. A 3D virtual interactive scenario regarding the “path of the dead”, an important ritual in ancient Egypt, was realized to augment the experience and the comprehension of the public through interactivity. Four important artefacts were considered for this scope: two ushabty, a wooden sarcophagus and a heart scarab. The scenario was realized by integrating low-cost Virtual Reality technologies, as the Oculus Rift DK2 and the Leap Motion controller, and implementing a specific software by using Unity. The 3D models were implemented by adding responsive points of interest in relation to important symbols or features of the artefact. This allows highlighting single parts of the artefact in order to better identify the hieroglyphs and provide their translation. The paper describes the process for optimizing the 3D models, the implementation of the interactive scenario and the results of some test that have been carried out in the lab.
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Lund, Julie. "Connectedness with things. Animated objects of Viking Age Scandinavia and early medieval Europe." Archaeological Dialogues 24, no. 1 (May 4, 2017): 89–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1380203817000058.

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AbstractThis article examines a small group of artefacts of the Viking Age that may have been perceived as animated objects. These specific weapons and pieces of jewellery appear in narratives in the Old Norse sources as named, as having a will of their own, as possessing personhood. In archaeological contexts the same types of artefact are handled categorically differently than the rest of the material culture. Further, the possible links between these perspectives and the role of animated objects in early medieval Christianity of the Carolingian Empire are examined through studies of the reopening of Reihengräber and the phenomenon offurta sacra. By linking studies of the social biographies of objects with studies of animism, the article aims to identify aspects of Viking Age ontology and its similarities to Carolingian Christianity.
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BOWEN, THOMAS. "Archaeology, biology and conservation on islands in the Gulf of California." Environmental Conservation 31, no. 3 (September 2004): 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892904001419.

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Urgent threats to the Gulf of California ecosystem from modern human activity obscure the fact that humans have interacted with native plants and animals for millennia. Archaeological and historical evidence suggests that indigenous peoples occupied both sides of the Gulf some 13 000 calendar years ago and that they eventually inhabited six major islands and visited most smaller ones. Biologists have increasingly realized that these peoples probably played a role in shaping island biotic communities extant today. How much of a role is unknown, but the best places to find evidence may be archaeological sites, which often contain remains of plants and animals directly used by prehistoric peoples. The opportunity to investigate the interaction between early humans and island biota may be lost because modern island visitors endanger sites. Many people, whether boaters, ecotourists, government officials, scientists or artefact collectors, enjoy picking up artefacts. Small surface sites, with exposed remains, can be completely denuded in minutes. Visitors to small islands can obliterate entire archaeological records, thereby creating the illusion of pristine islands. This problem is bound to worsen as Mexico implements Escalera Náutica, a chain of marinas specifically intended to multiply manyfold the boating population. The Mexican government's management plan for Gulf islands, published in 2000, recognizes only a general need to manage cultural resources. Specific mechanisms for protecting sites should be developed. These should educate visitors about the importance of the archaeological record and the destructiveness of collecting. They should also provide adequate enforcement of Mexico's existing antiquities laws. Conserving the archaeological resources may be the best way of preserving biological data essential to island biogeographers and ecologists.
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Märker, Michael. "Terrain Analysis and Stochastic modelling for Archaeological site prediction and landscape reconstruction in the Lake Manyara area, Northern Tanzania." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 49 (November 13, 2012): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/49/2478.

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In this study we focus on paleontological sites in the area of Lake Manyara and the Makuyuni River Basin, Northern Tanzania. This region is known for Middle Pleistocene fossil finds and artefacts. To analyze the spatial distribution of potential paleontological find locations we applied two different methodologies based on statistical mechanics and on boosted regression trees. The first one is able to handle presence-only datasets such as the locations proper. The second approach was used to study the variable importance and to derive information on the related geo-processes for classified paleontological sites. The locations and their spatial distribution were retrieved from literature and collected by own field work over the last years. For the modeling we utilized environmental information such as spatially continuous layers of topography (30 m SRTM DEM), derivatives of topography, vegetation information as well as ASTER multispectral data as predictor variables. The results revealpotential areas where further fossil sites may be located. Moreover, we assessed the processes that are related to sites with specific archaeological evidences. Therefore, the sites were grouped in three categories: i) artefacts sites, ii) fossil sites and iii) mixed sites. We applied boosted regression trees to analyse the processes related to the classified sites. The methodology considers not only site specific characteristics but implicitly also the related pedogenetic and morphogenetic processes. We were able to differentiate between artefact and fossil sites. Moreover, our analyses indicate an influence of transportation processes on the artefacts, whereas deposition of fossils does not seem to involve large scale transportation. Finally, we show that also the landscape can be reconstructed such as the former lake margin.
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Nemeti, Irina. "Dona militaria. A bronze phalera discovered at Sânpaul (Cluj County)." Acta Musei Napocensis 58 (December 12, 2021): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.54145/actamn.i.58.09.

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This study presents a recently discovered artefact nearby Sânpaul, Cluj County. It is a silvered bronze‑made disc decorated with the image of Gorgon‑Medusa. We identified the artefact as a phalera, one of the military decorations awarded in the Roman army. This type of dona militaria is rather less frequently recorded by archaeological finds, especially in the Dacia province, the find of Sânpaul thus adding to the repertory of known exemplars. Furthermore, the repertory of reported Roman date archaeological heritage sites in respective area is thus enriched.
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James, Sarah, and Edith Joseph. "Microbial-Driven Stabilisation of Archaeological Iron Artefacts." Corrosion and Materials Degradation 2, no. 2 (June 4, 2021): 274–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cmd2020015.

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The instability of iron artefacts is rooted in salt contamination during burial and damages associated with exposure to alternative oxygen levels and high relative humidity once excavated. While a combination of chemical and mechanical treatments is utilised to remove the harmful ions (chlorides, sulphur species) and excess bulky corrosion products, these methods can be hazardous for conservation staff’s health, have limited success, or require extensive treatment times. Bio-based treatments provide a potentially greener alternative for removing damaging corrosion and creating biogenic mineral passivation layers, thus remediating concerns over costs, duration, and health and safety. Pseudomonas putida mt-2 (KT2440) is capable of utilising iron under certain conditions and for phosphating mild steel; however, applications have not been made in the cultural heritage sector. To address the potential of using bacteria for conservation purposes, Pseudomonas was assessed for both the bioremediation of salt contaminates and the production of a passivation layer suitable for iron artefacts, with specific conservation concerns in mind. Key factors for optimisation include the role of agitation, chloride content, and oxygen content on bacterial growth and biomineralisation. The initial results indicate a growth preference, not reliance, for NaCl and agitation with partial success of bioconversion of a mineral source.
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Bradfield, Justin. "Some thoughts on bone artefact discolouration at archaeological sites." Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 17 (February 2018): 500–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2017.12.022.

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Ryan, Michael. "Irish archaeological legislation." Antiquity 62, no. 235 (June 1988): 284–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00074032.

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Apparent deficiencies in Irish legislation for the protection of archaeology have been much commented on (e.g. ANTIQUITY 62: 4–5); here, the Keeper of Irish Antiquities at the National Museum points also to some of its strengths – for example, in protecting artefacts and non-artefactual material as well as sites and monuments – and explains the vigorous measures now taken to bring the law and the penalties up to date.
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Gowlett, J. A. J. "Elongation as a factor in artefacts of humans and other animals: an Acheulean example in comparative context." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 368, no. 1630 (November 19, 2013): 20130114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0114.

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Elongation is a commonly found feature in artefacts made and used by humans and other animals and can be analysed in comparative study. Whether made for use in hand or beak, the artefacts have some common properties of length, breadth, thickness and balance point, and elongation can be studied as a factor relating to construction or use of a long axis. In human artefacts, elongation can be traced through the archaeological record, for example in stone blades of the Upper Palaeolithic (traditionally regarded as more sophisticated than earlier artefacts), and in earlier blades of the Middle Palaeolithic. It is now recognized that elongation extends to earlier Palaeolithic artefacts, being found in the repertoire of both Neanderthals and more archaic humans. Artefacts used by non-human animals, including chimpanzees, capuchin monkeys and New Caledonian crows show selection for diameter and length, and consistent interventions of modification. Both chimpanzees and capuchins trim side branches from stems, and appropriate lengths of stave are selected or cut. In human artefacts, occasional organic finds show elongation back to about 0.5 million years. A record of elongation achieved in stone tools survives to at least 1.75 Ma (million years ago) in the Acheulean tradition. Throughout this tradition, some Acheulean handaxes are highly elongated, usually found with others that are less elongated. Finds from the million-year-old site of Kilombe and Kenya are given as an example. These findings argue that the elongation need not be integral to a design, but that artefacts may be the outcome of adjustments to individual variables. Such individual adjustments are seen in animal artefacts. In the case of a handaxe, the maker must balance the adjustments to achieve a satisfactory outcome in the artefact as a whole. It is argued that the need to make decisions about individual variables within multivariate objects provides an essential continuity across artefacts made by different species.
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Danilov, Pavel S., Yuri A. Zeleneev, and Alexander V. Sokolov. "New Materials on the Stone Temple Construction of the 18th Century in Tsaryovokokshaysk – Yoshkar-Ola." Povolzhskaya Arkheologiya (The Volga River Region Archaeology) 4, no. 42 (December 23, 2022): 230–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24852/pa2022.4.42.230.239.

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The article deals with new archaeological materials concerning one of the objects of the Tsaryovokokshaysk temple complex – the Cathedral of the Resurrection built in 1759. A brief overview of the temple construction at Tsaryovokokshaysk since the founding of the town is presented. On the basis of archival sources and scientific works on the Tsarevokokshaysk temple complex, basic information on the history of the Cathedral of the Resurrection is given, in particular, about the previous wooden temples on the place of the future cathedral, about its construction and further reconstructions, architectural features and parishioners of the church. The second part of the article presents the results of archaeological studies of the foundation of the southern chapel of the cathedral dedicated to the Hieromartyr Feodor, that was carried out in 2021 by Y.A.Zeleneyev. The features of the church architecture that have been traced archaeologically are highlighted, such as the stages of construction and reconstruction of the building, the structure features of the foundation, the dimension of the brick and the order of masonry. Special attention is paid to the heating system of the cathedral revealed during the excavations. Brief information is given on other archaeological sites and artefacts identified during the research of the church. In the course of the study the data of archival sources were confirmed, which, when compared with the results of archaeological studies, give an idea of this object of stone temple architecture of the Mari Krai in the middle of the XVIII century.
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Jonuks, Tõnno, Ester Oras, and Kristiina Johanson. "Materiality of Religion: Religion-Related Artefacts in Estonian Archaeological Collections." Folklore: Electronic Journal of Folklore 55 (2013): 151–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.7592/fejf2013.55.artefacts.

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Meijs, E. P. M., Ph van Peer, and J. P. L. M. N. de Warrimont. "Geomorphologic context and proposed chronostratigraphic position of Lower Palaeolithic artefacts from the Op de Schans pit near Kesselt (Belgium) to the west of Maastricht." Netherlands Journal of Geosciences - Geologie en Mijnbouw 91, no. 1-2 (September 2013): 137–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016774600001554.

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AbstractIn July 2007 an important archaeological find was made in the Op de Schans loess pit near Kesselt (Belgian Limburg) immediately to the west of the Dutch city of Maastricht. During an archaeological rescue dig, three Lower Palaeolithic artefacts were recovered from the infill of an ancient erosion gully: a bifacial side-scraper, an atypical biface and a cortical flake. Typologically, the artefacts can be classified as Acheulean. In this region, harbouring several such brickyard pits, these are the oldest artefacts yet found, prompting further investigations into the stratigraphic position of the archaeological layer. The Op de Schans pit, which has yielded several Middle Palaeolithic occupation horizons, is located in the middle of an ancient sediment trap. Because of this exceptional geomorphologic situation, multiple ancient sediments have been preserved which elsewhere were entirely removed during subsequent erosion phases. Here five separate loess beds with intercalated interglacial palaeosols are present, overlying the deposits of the River Maas (Meuse). This sequence has been used as a hypothetical framework for elaborating a chronostratigraphic model. The archaeological level in question, discovered at the base of a subsequently infilled erosion gully, can most likely be chronostratigraphically dated to around the start of Marine Isotope Stage 10 (MIS 10), in the era of the Pottenberg discordance (approx. 390 ka). However, the possibility cannot be excluded that the gully in which the artefacts were found dates from an early phase of MIS 12 (approx. 480 ka). The age may in fact be greater still, as the artefacts have been eroded out of their original, primary context and subsequently deposited in the gully. Hypothetically, they may even have been taken up from the Maas loam of the Kesselt Maas terrace (MIS 13) that here is situated directly below the archaeological horizon. This would make the maximum age of the artefacts recovered from the gully around 500 ka.
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Pantoja, Heliana Mendes, Marcondes Lima Da Costa, Maura Imazio Da Silveira, Maria Jacqueline Rodet, Rômulo Angélica, Simone Paz, and Suyanne Flávia Santos Rodrigues. "Mineralogy and chemical composition of lithic artefacts for characterization of raw materials and provenance in archaeological sites of Salobo, Carajás, Pará, Brazil." Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi - Ciências Naturais 12, no. 3 (August 19, 2020): 399–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.46357/bcnaturais.v12i3.379.

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The Carajás Mineral Province is home to several archaeological sites, each with numerous stone artefacts elaborated in diferente materials. We studied the morphology, mineralogy, and chemistry of lithic artefacts recovered at the archaeological sites in the impacted area of the Solobo copper and gold mine in the Carajás Mineral Province. The results obtained from XRD, XRF and SEM/EDS analyses show that the starting material used was a semi-hard kaolin (semi-flint) that consisted of kaolinite, cryptocrystalline quartz, florencite, sericite, and hematite. This suggests that the same source of raw materials was involved and that this possibly reflected preference for this material. Additionally, the hardness of this raw material probably allowed the artefacts to be elaborated with ease. The mineralogical and chemical results, combined with characteristics of the artefacts' morphology and texture, indicate a relation among the archaeological sites. Similar material to that used in the production of the Solobo artefacts was found in the Alto Bonito amethyst mines that are located 40 km to the north. This site is therefore considered as the source of the raw material used for these artefacts. Finally, this indication is supported by the association of the abundant rock crystal chips and amethyst with the semi-hard kaolin present at the Alto Bonito mine.
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Mousser, H., A. Madani, R. Amri, A. Mousser, and A. Darchen. "Contribution of microchemical surface analysis of archaeological artefacts." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 63, a1 (August 22, 2007): s223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767307094925.

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50

Prochazka, M., L. Blahova, and F. Krcma. "Barrier SiO2-like coatings for archaeological artefacts preservation." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 768 (October 2016): 012013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/768/1/012013.

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