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Academic literature on the topic 'Arbres tempérés et boréaux'
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Journal articles on the topic "Arbres tempérés et boréaux"
Langbour, Patrick, Sébastien Paradis, and Bernard Thibaut. "Description of the Cirad wood collection in Montpellier, France, representing eight thousand identified species." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 339 (April 17, 2019): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2019.339.a31709.
Full textKremer, Antoine. "Évolution biologique des arbres et évolution climatique." Futuribles N° 461, no. 4 (June 12, 2024): 23–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/futur.461.0023.
Full textARCHIMÈDE, H., D. BASTIANELLI, M. BOVAL, G. TRAN, and D. SAUVANT. "Ressources tropicales : disponibilité et valeur alimentaire." INRAE Productions Animales 24, no. 1 (March 4, 2011): 23–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2011.24.1.3235.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Arbres tempérés et boréaux"
Lin, Jianhong. "Ecophysiological modelling of leaf and wood phenology in temperate and boreal forest trees." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASB059.
Full textPhenology plays a critical role in plant functioning and ecosystem services, serving as a key indicator of temperate and boreal ecosystems' responses to climate change. Research into tree phenology is very active, and in this thesis, I addressed questions rarely addressed by the community, relating to the representation of intra-population variability in phenology, and the phenology of wood formation. To date, most phenological studies have focused at the population level, primarily on leaf phenology, while largely overlooking the substantial variability among individual trees and the phenology of non-leaf organs, such as wood phenology. These knowledge gaps pose challenges for accurately predicting tree phenological responses to climate change. In this thesis, I developed the first model to simulate the within-population variability (WPV) of budburst in tree populations (Chapter II). The WPV model was calibrated and evaluated using 48,442 budburst observations from 2000 to 2022 in three major temperate deciduous tree species, namely, hornbeam (Carpinus betulus), oak (Quercus petraea) and chestnut (Castanea sativa). Retrospective simulations over the period 1961–2022 showed earlier budburst in response to ongoing climate warming. However, the simulations revealed no significant changes in the duration of budburst (DurBB, i.e., the time interval from BP20 to BP80, representing the dates when 20% and 80% of trees in a population have reached budburst) due to the lack of a significant temperature increase during DurBB (Chapter II). Additionally, the WPV model was used to simulate trends in late spring frost damage over the past six decades. The results showed a general decrease in the frequency and extent of frost damage in oak populations across France, driven by the earlier advancement of the last spring frost compared to budburst under climate change. Notably, the trends for the frequency and extent of late spring frost damage were inconsistent (Chapter III). Beyond leaf phenology, I calibrated and validated a wood phenology model for the cessation of xylem cell enlargement (cE, flagging the cessation of radial stem growth) using the GLOBOXYLO database, which documents the occurrence of wood formation phenological stages (Chapter IV). This study focused on three Northern Hemisphere conifer species, namely Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst) and black spruce (Picea mariana Mill.), including 718 observations of cE across 130 site-years. The model performed well for all species, with a root mean square error of 9.2 ± 1.3 days. The results indicate that both temperature and photoperiod play crucial roles in the cessation of stem growth for Norway spruce and black spruce. However, for Scots pine, only temperature appears to have a significant influence. Additionally, ontogenetic factors, such as the number of radial cells, were also found to influence the cessation of stem growth for all conifer species (Chapter IV). Furthermore, I integrated the wood phenology model, including the chilling-influenced heat sum model for the beginning of wood formation (Delpierre et al., 2019) and the cessation of wood phenology model developed in Chapter IV, into CASTANEA, a mechanistic forest stand model. The results demonstrate significant differences in wood growth predictions depending on the definition of the wood growth period. This underscores the importance of incorporating wood phenology models in terrestrial ecosystem models to obtain reliable estimates of wood growth duration (Chapter V)
Brewer, Simon. "Recolonisation postglaciaire de quelques taxons tempérés en Europe : une approche spatiale et temporelle." Aix-Marseille 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX11013.
Full textGentit, Pascal. "Etude de l'étiologie de maladies de dégénérescence des arbres fruitiers tempérés : caractérisation de nouveaux agents viraux associés aux genres Nepovirus et Foveavirus." Toulouse, INPT, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPT002A.
Full textDucharme, Riel Véronique. "Dynamique hivernale et hypolimnétique du CO₂ dans les lacs boréaux et tempérés." Mémoire, 2011. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/3804/1/M11861.pdf.
Full textBrice, Marie-Hélène. "Dynamique spatio-temporelle des forêts dans l’écotone boréal-tempéré en réponse aux changements globaux." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24831.
Full textThe main objective of my thesis was to understand and quantify the combined effect of recent climate change and disturbances on forest community dynamics in the boreal-temperate ecotone over the past decades. To do so, I analysed the evolution of forest composition, transition dynamics and recruitment dynamics in Quebec from 1970 to 2018. In the first chapter, I showed that natural and anthropogenic disturbances were the main drivers of forest compositional change, i.e. temporal β diversity. Despite the prevalence of disturbances, analysis of community ecological traits revealed a thermophilization of forests across Québec, i.e. an increase of warm-adapted species at the expense of cold-adapted species. This thermophilization was further amplified by moderate disturbances, leading to a new question: if disturbances can favour such a community reorganization, could they catalyse a permanent shift to alternative states? The second chapter provided answers to this question with an analysis of forest transition dynamics in Québec based on a four-state model, i.e. boreal, mixed, temperate and pioneer. Transition dynamics was primarily influenced by disturbances and secondarily by climate and edaphic conditions. Major disturbances mainly triggered transitions to the pioneer state, while moderate disturbances promoted transitions from mixed to temperate states. In the long run, moderate disturbances may catalyse a faster northward shift of the temperateboreal ecotone under climate change. However, contrary to my expectations, temperate species recruitment played a negligible role in this dynamic compared to mortality and growth processes. The first two chapters were focussing on the evolution of mature tree communities. However, to understand forest dynamics, a detailed analysis of regeneration dynamics is necessary. Such a study was conducted in the third chapter where I highlighted northward shifts of several kilometres for the saplings of Acer rubrum, Acer saccharum and Betula alleghaniensis in undisturbed forests. However, under the influence of moderate disturbances, only Acer spp. had migrated and there were no shifts under the influence of major disturbances. In contrast, I found no evidence of migration for the saplings of Fagus grandifolia. Although partial cutting increased recruitment success of all four species, it did not result in larger northward range shifts, presumably because recruitment was constrained by short-distance dispersal, strong competition by boreal species, and unfavourable edaphic conditions. Overall, my results highlighted that forest communities in the temperate-boreal ecotone are already changing in response to recent climate warming and that disturbances are accelerating this response. While climate warming erodes the resilience of mixed forests, disturbances remove resident boreal species, thereby accelerating the successional process and facilitating the establishment of temperate species.
Fauteux, Lisa. "Distribution saisonnière et spatiale de l'abondance et de la taille des bactéries aérobiques anoxygéniques phototrophiques (AAPB) dans les lacs boréaux et tempérés du Québec." Mémoire, 2010. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/3789/1/M11824.pdf.
Full textBooks on the topic "Arbres tempérés et boréaux"
Canada. Dept. of Foreign Affairs and International Trade. Science : agreement between the Government of Canada and the Government of the United States of America on cooperation in the Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS), Washington, April 18, 1994, in force April 18, 1994 =: Science : accord entre le gouvernement du Canada et le gouvernement des États-Unis d'Amérique concernant la coopération dans le cadre de l'étude de l'atmosphère et des écosystèmes boréaux (BOREAS), Washington, le 18 avril 1994, en vigueur le 18 avril 1994. Ottawa, Ont: Minister of Public Works and Government Services Canada = Ministre des travaux publics et services gouvernementaux Canada, 1995.
Find full textTrade, Canada Dept of Foreign Affairs and International. Science : protocol amending the agreement for cooperation in the Boreal Ecosystem Atmosphere Study (BOREAS) between the Government of Canada and the Government of the United States of America, Washington, November 30, 1999, in force November 30, 1999 =: Science : protocole modifiant l'accord entre le gouvernement du Canada et le gouvernement des États-Unis d'Amérique concernant le coopération dans le cadre del'étude de l'atmoshpère et des écosystèmes boréaux (BOREAS), Washington, le 30 novembre 1999, en vigueur le 30 novembre 1999. Ottawa, Ont: Minister of Public Works and Government Services Canada = Ministre des travaux publics et services gouvernementaux Canada, 1998.
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